Back-to-Africa movement (English Wikipedia)

"National Emigration Convention of Colored People". The Encyclopedia of Cleveland History. Cleveland, Ohio: Case Western Reserve University. March 4, 1998. Retrieved May 30, 2013.

dacb.org

S. K. B. Asante, "Sam, Alfred", Dictionary of African Christian Biography, reprinted from The Encyclopedia Africana Dictionary of African Biography, 1977. Retrieved August 8, 2016

denison.edu

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doi.org

McDaniel, Antonio (November 1992). "Extreme mortality in nineteenth-century Africa: the case of Liberian immigrants". Demography. 29 (4): 581–594. doi:10.2307/2061853. JSTOR 2061853. PMID 1483543. S2CID 46953564.
Shick, Tom W. (January 1971). "A quantitative analysis of Liberian colonization from 1820 to 1843 with special reference to mortality". The Journal of African History. 12 (1): 45–59. doi:10.1017/S0021853700000062. PMID 11632218. S2CID 31153316.^{[permanent dead link‍]}
Ailes, Jane; Tyler-McGraw, Marie (2012). "Leaving Virginia for Liberia: Western Virginia Emigrants and Emancipators". West Virginia History: A Journal of Regional Studies. 6 (2): 1–34. doi:10.1353/wvh.2012.0021. S2CID 159669576.
Mills, Brandon (2014). "'The United States of Africa': Liberian Independence and the Contested Meaning of a Black Republic". Journal of the Early Republic. 34 (1): 79–107. doi:10.1353/jer.2014.0012. S2CID 143753119.
Fitzgerald, Michael W. (May 1997). "'We Have Found a Moses': Theodore Bilbo, Black Nationalism, and the Greater Liberia Bill of 1939". The Journal of Southern History. 63 (2): 293–320. doi:10.2307/2211284. JSTOR 2211284.
McDuffie, Erik S. (2015). "Chicago, Garveyism, and the history of the diasporic Midwest". African and Black Diaspora. 8 (2): 139. doi:10.1080/17528631.2015.1027332. S2CID 145594257 – via Taylor & Francis Online.
Sanders, Crystal R. (2019). "Challenging Historical Iconography: A Look at Women's Everyday Political Mobilization". Reviews in American History. 47 (4): 634. doi:10.1353/rah.2019.0087. S2CID 214306080 – via Project MUSE.
Sims-Alvarado, Falechiondro (June 20, 2011). The African-American Emigration Movement in Georgia during Reconstruction. History Dissertations (Thesis). doi:10.57709/2375334.
Hargreaves, J.; Porter, A. (1963). "The Sierra Leone Creoles - Creoledom: A Study of the Development of Freetown Society". The Journal of African History. 4 (3, 0000539): 468–469. doi:10.1017/S0021853700004394. S2CID 162611104.
Rommel-Ruiz, Bryan (2007). "Sister Societies: Women's Antislavery Organizations in Antebellum America, and: Slavery and the Peculiar Solution: A History of the American Colonization Society (review)". Journal of the Early Republic. 27 (1): 184–188. doi:10.1353/jer.2007.0013. S2CID 145618874.

ebscohost.com

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Burin, Eric (2006). "A Manumission in the Mountains: Slavery and the African Colonization Movement in Southwestern Virginia". Appalachian Journal. 33 (2): 164–186. JSTOR 40934746. EBSCOhost 20771383.

encyclopediaofarkansas.net

"Back-to-Africa Movement", The Encyclopedia of Arkansas History and Culture. 2007. The Central Arkansas Library System.

gsu.edu

scholarworks.gsu.edu

Sims-Alvarado, Falechiondro (June 20, 2011). The African-American Emigration Movement in Georgia during Reconstruction. History Dissertations (Thesis). doi:10.57709/2375334.

hccs.edu

learning.hccs.edu

Crumrin, Timothy, "'Back to Africa?' The Colonization Movement in Early America" Archived May 24, 2015, at the Wayback Machine. 2007.

history.com

"July 26, 1847 Liberian independence proclaimed", This Day In History, History website.

historytoday.com

Butcher, Tim (October 2010). "Our Man In Liberia". History Today. 60 (10): 10–17.

jimcrowhistory.org

Ronald L. F. Davis, "Creating Jim Crow" Archived 2002-06-14 at the Wayback Machine, The History of Jim Crow. Accessed 14 October 2007.

jstor.org

Cassandra Pybus, Epic Journeys of Freedom: Runaway Slaves of the American Revolution and Their Global Quest for Liberty, (Beacon Press, Boston, 2006); Graham Russell Hodges, Susan Hawkes Cook, Alan Edward Brown (eds), The Black Loyalist Directory: African Americans in Exile After the American Revolution (subscription required)
McDaniel, Antonio (November 1992). "Extreme mortality in nineteenth-century Africa: the case of Liberian immigrants". Demography. 29 (4): 581–594. doi:10.2307/2061853. JSTOR 2061853. PMID 1483543. S2CID 46953564.
Fitzgerald, Michael W. (May 1997). "'We Have Found a Moses': Theodore Bilbo, Black Nationalism, and the Greater Liberia Bill of 1939". The Journal of Southern History. 63 (2): 293–320. doi:10.2307/2211284. JSTOR 2211284.
Burin, Eric (2006). "A Manumission in the Mountains: Slavery and the African Colonization Movement in Southwestern Virginia". Appalachian Journal. 33 (2): 164–186. JSTOR 40934746. EBSCOhost 20771383.

loc.gov

Douglass, Frederick; Brown, John; Stowe, Harriet Beecher; Reynolds, William; Garrison, William Lloyd (February 9, 1998). "Abolition, Anti-Slavery Movements, and the Rise of the Sectional Controversy - The African American Odyssey: A Quest for Full Citizenship | Exhibitions (Library of Congress)". www.loc.gov. Retrieved May 23, 2022.

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mississippihistory.org

"Theodore G. Bilbo and the Decline of Public Racism, 1938-1947" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on August 8, 2021. Retrieved May 11, 2021.

nih.gov

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

McDaniel, Antonio (November 1992). "Extreme mortality in nineteenth-century Africa: the case of Liberian immigrants". Demography. 29 (4): 581–594. doi:10.2307/2061853. JSTOR 2061853. PMID 1483543. S2CID 46953564.
Shick, Tom W. (January 1971). "A quantitative analysis of Liberian colonization from 1820 to 1843 with special reference to mortality". The Journal of African History. 12 (1): 45–59. doi:10.1017/S0021853700000062. PMID 11632218. S2CID 31153316.^{[permanent dead link‍]}

proquest.com

Irvine, Russell W.; Dunkerton, Donna Zani (Winter 1998). "The Noyes Academy, 1834–35: The Road to the Oberlin Collegiate Institute and the Higher Education of African-Americans in the Nineteenth Century". Western Journal of Black Studies. 22 (4): 260–273. ProQuest 200334994.

semanticscholar.org

api.semanticscholar.org

McDaniel, Antonio (November 1992). "Extreme mortality in nineteenth-century Africa: the case of Liberian immigrants". Demography. 29 (4): 581–594. doi:10.2307/2061853. JSTOR 2061853. PMID 1483543. S2CID 46953564.
Shick, Tom W. (January 1971). "A quantitative analysis of Liberian colonization from 1820 to 1843 with special reference to mortality". The Journal of African History. 12 (1): 45–59. doi:10.1017/S0021853700000062. PMID 11632218. S2CID 31153316.^{[permanent dead link‍]}
Ailes, Jane; Tyler-McGraw, Marie (2012). "Leaving Virginia for Liberia: Western Virginia Emigrants and Emancipators". West Virginia History: A Journal of Regional Studies. 6 (2): 1–34. doi:10.1353/wvh.2012.0021. S2CID 159669576.
Mills, Brandon (2014). "'The United States of Africa': Liberian Independence and the Contested Meaning of a Black Republic". Journal of the Early Republic. 34 (1): 79–107. doi:10.1353/jer.2014.0012. S2CID 143753119.
McDuffie, Erik S. (2015). "Chicago, Garveyism, and the history of the diasporic Midwest". African and Black Diaspora. 8 (2): 139. doi:10.1080/17528631.2015.1027332. S2CID 145594257 – via Taylor & Francis Online.
Sanders, Crystal R. (2019). "Challenging Historical Iconography: A Look at Women's Everyday Political Mobilization". Reviews in American History. 47 (4): 634. doi:10.1353/rah.2019.0087. S2CID 214306080 – via Project MUSE.
Hargreaves, J.; Porter, A. (1963). "The Sierra Leone Creoles - Creoledom: A Study of the Development of Freetown Society". The Journal of African History. 4 (3, 0000539): 468–469. doi:10.1017/S0021853700004394. S2CID 162611104.
Rommel-Ruiz, Bryan (2007). "Sister Societies: Women's Antislavery Organizations in Antebellum America, and: Slavery and the Peculiar Solution: A History of the American Colonization Society (review)". Journal of the Early Republic. 27 (1): 184–188. doi:10.1353/jer.2007.0013. S2CID 145618874.

slaveryandremembrance.org

"Mary Perth 1740- after 1813". Slavery and Remembrance. The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation. Retrieved March 25, 2016.

soton.ac.uk

eprints.soton.ac.uk

Sivapragasam, Michael (June 2018). After the treaties: a social, economic and demographic history of Maroon society in Jamaica, 1739-1842 (Thesis). University of Southampton. pp. 136–154.

thethinkersgarden.com

"Los Angeles Noah: Reverend J. E. Lewis and the Liberian Arks". February 11, 2022. Retrieved April 25, 2022.

uh.edu

digitalhistory.uh.edu

"The Ending of Reconstruction" Archived October 28, 2007, at the Wayback Machine, America's Reconstruction, People and Politics After the Civil War. University of Houston Digital History.

vcu.edu

images.socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu

"Hatenanny Records Advertisement [American Nazi Party handbill]". Virginia Commonwealth University.

vice.com

McPheeters, Sam (April 16, 2015). "When Malcolm X Met the Nazis". Vice.

washingtonpost.com

Benton, Joshua (February 19, 2022). "A century ago, Mississippi's Senate voted to send all the state's Black people to Africa". Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286.

web.archive.org

Ronald L. F. Davis, "Creating Jim Crow" Archived 2002-06-14 at the Wayback Machine, The History of Jim Crow. Accessed 14 October 2007.
"The American Colonization Society". Archived from the original on September 23, 2017.
"The Ending of Reconstruction" Archived October 28, 2007, at the Wayback Machine, America's Reconstruction, People and Politics After the Civil War. University of Houston Digital History.
Crumrin, Timothy, "'Back to Africa?' The Colonization Movement in Early America" Archived May 24, 2015, at the Wayback Machine. 2007.
"Theodore G. Bilbo and the Decline of Public Racism, 1938-1947" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on August 8, 2021. Retrieved May 11, 2021.
"The Nation of Islam — BLVCK Vrchives". Archived from the original on July 27, 2020. Retrieved May 11, 2021.

wisc.edu

digital.library.wisc.edu

Shick, Tom W. (January 1971). "A quantitative analysis of Liberian colonization from 1820 to 1843 with special reference to mortality". The Journal of African History. 12 (1): 45–59. doi:10.1017/S0021853700000062. PMID 11632218. S2CID 31153316.^{[permanent dead link‍]}

worldcat.org

search.worldcat.org

Sowell, Thomas (2005). Black rednecks and white liberals (1st ed.). San Francisco, Calif.: Encounter Books. p. 148. ISBN 1-59403-086-3. OCLC 57579375.
Benton, Joshua (February 19, 2022). "A century ago, Mississippi's Senate voted to send all the state's Black people to Africa". Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286.
Blain, Keisha N. (2018). Set the World on Fire: Black Nationalist Women and the Global Struggle for Freedom. Philadelphia. ISBN 978-0-8122-9477-4. OCLC 1021885414.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)^{[page needed]}

worldcat.org

Sowell, Thomas (2005). Black rednecks and white liberals (1st ed.). San Francisco, Calif.: Encounter Books. p. 148. ISBN 1-59403-086-3. OCLC 57579375.

zinnedproject.org

"Jan. 15, 1817: The Vote on Colonization of Free Blacks in West Africa". Zinn Education Project. Retrieved May 23, 2022.