Back vowel (English Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Back vowel" in English language version.

Last modified: 19:30:31, 26 August 2026 (UTC)

Ref.Un. Ref.Website

Global rank English rank

2^nd place

low place

low place

737^th place

426^th place

low place

low place

brucehayes.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

Hayes, Bruce. "The IPA Vowel Chart in Features" (PDF). brucehayes.org. p. 1. Retrieved 2026-02-08.

Walker, Rachel (2012). "Vowel Harmony in Optimality Theory". Language and Linguistics Compass. 6 (9): 575–592. doi:10.1002/lnc3.340.
Kiparsky, Paul; Pajusalu, Karl (2003). "Towards a typology of disharmony". The Linguistic Review. 20 (2–4): 217–241. doi:10.1515/tlir.2003.009.
Ladefoged, Peter; Maddieson, Ian (1990). "Vowels of the world's languages". Journal of Phonetics. 18 (2): 93–122. doi:10.1016/S0095-4470(19)30396-1.

Pfitzinger, Hartmut R. (2003). "Acoustic Correlates of the IPA Vowel Diagram" (PDF). Proceedings of the 15th International Congress of Phonetic Sciences (ICPhS 2003). Retrieved 2026-02-08.
"The International Phonetic Alphabet (revised to 2015)" (PDF). International Phonetic Association. Retrieved 2026-02-08.