Badge of shame (English Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Badge of shame" in English language version.

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archive.org

  • Hinshaw, S. (2006). Mark of Shame: Stigma of Mental Illness and an Agenda for Change. Oxford: Oxford University Press, Incorporated. ISBN 978-0-19-530844-0.
  • Feinsilber, Mike; Webber, Elizabeth (1999). Merriam-Webster's dictionary of allusions. Springfield, Mass: Merriam-Webster. p. 95. ISBN 0-87779-628-9. As the term [mark of Cain] is used today, the idea of a protective mark has been lost; only the negative sense of a mark of shame or criminality remains.
  • Adams, Maurianne (2000). Readings for diversity and social justice. New York: Routledge. p. 147. ISBN 0-415-92633-5. Pope Innocent III, the most power of the medieval popes, presided over the fourth Lateran Council in 1215 and had the bishops decree that non-Christians must wear distinctive garments.
  • Bulliet, Richard W. (2005). Hunters, herders, and hamburgers: the past and future of human-animal relationships. New York: Columbia University Press. p. 169. ISBN 0-231-13076-7. In old-fashioned schoolrooms in France, teachers made misbehaving students sit in the corner wearing a sign saying Âne, or ass, and a cap with donkey's ears ... Their naughty British and American counterparts wore a tall conical dunce cap, a term probably borrowed from French "cap d'âne." which means "ass's head.
  • Walker, Barbara G. (1988). The woman's dictionary of symbols and sacred objects. San Francisco: Harper & Row. p. 83. ISBN 0-06-250923-3. ...the "dunce cap" placed as a badge of shame on the heads of children who had failed to learn their lessons.
  • Hayes, Peter (1991). Lessons and legacies. Evanston, Ill: Northwestern University Press. ISBN 0-8101-1666-9. The 1947 plaque, which simply names the victims and the event, depicts a row of triangle badges, which had been used in the concentration camps to designate categories of prisoners according to the reason for their imprisonment. This badge of shame, which was unmistakably linked to the Nazi camps, was now used as a badge of honor.

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  • Winterman, Denise (2007-02-20). "Mark of a woman". BBC News Magazine. Archived from the original on 7 October 2007. Retrieved 2007-11-06. Historically a shaven head has also always had meaning – and in a woman's case, mostly negative. It has been used as a badge of shame, often linked to sexual promiscuity.

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  • Gilmore, George C.; Jackson, Samuel Macauley; Sherman, Charles Neil. "Israel, History of". Volume VI: Innocents-Liudger. The New Schaff-Herzog Encyclopedia Of Religious Thought. Kessinger Publishing, LLC. p. 59. ISBN 1-4286-3180-1. In 1269 Louis IX. required all Jews to wear a badge of yellow on breast and back...

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fordham.edu

  • Halsall, Paul (February 1996). "Lateran IV: Canon 68 - on Jews". Medieval Sourcebook. Fordham University. Retrieved 2008-01-12. ...we decree that such Jews ... shall be marked off in the eyes of the public from other peoples through the character of their dress...

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  • Maclean, Marie (1994). "9. 'Better to reign in Hell...'". The name of the mother: writing illegitimacy. New York: Routledge. p. 164. doi:10.2307/3734056. ISBN 0-415-10686-9. JSTOR 3734056. Archived from the original on 2011-06-05. Retrieved 2017-08-24. The work of Jean Genet, poet, playwright and novelist (1910–86) and Violette Leduc, innovator in prose narrative (1907–72) reverts to the ancient traditions of bastardy as excess, a badge of shame and evil, a latter-day mark of Cain, which at the same time distinguishes the bastard from the herd and confers a sort of perverse and even grandiose power.
  • Bercovitch, Sacvan (Spring 1988). "The A-Politics of Ambiguity in The Scarlet Letter". New Literary History. 19 (3): 629–654. doi:10.2307/469093. JSTOR 469093.

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  • Maclean, Marie (1994). "9. 'Better to reign in Hell...'". The name of the mother: writing illegitimacy. New York: Routledge. p. 164. doi:10.2307/3734056. ISBN 0-415-10686-9. JSTOR 3734056. Archived from the original on 2011-06-05. Retrieved 2017-08-24. The work of Jean Genet, poet, playwright and novelist (1910–86) and Violette Leduc, innovator in prose narrative (1907–72) reverts to the ancient traditions of bastardy as excess, a badge of shame and evil, a latter-day mark of Cain, which at the same time distinguishes the bastard from the herd and confers a sort of perverse and even grandiose power.

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dictionary.reference.com

  • stigma. Dictionary.com. The American Heritage Stedman's Medical Dictionary. Houghton Mifflin Company. (accessed: January 13, 2008).

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rochester.edu

  • "Star of David". The University of Rochester. 2005-04-27. Archived from the original on 22 December 2007. Retrieved 2007-11-10. The Star of David was used by the Nazis as a "badge of shame" every Jew had to wear prior to deportation and mass murder. Expressing the feelings of hope and re-assurance, the State of Israel in 1948 placed the sign on its flag.

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