Bahrain (English Wikipedia)

Losurdo, Marnee (10 March 2023). "AFCENT celebrates key partner FMS success" (Press release). U.S. Air Combat Command. Archived from the original on 2 February 2024.

ahram.org.eg

english.ahram.org.eg

"Bahrain holds vote to fill seats vacated during unrest". Al-Ahram/Thomson Reuters. 24 September 2011. Archived from the original on 10 September 2012. Retrieved 24 September 2011.

al-shorfa.com

"Bahrain fully stocked for Eid al-Adha: official". Al Shorfa. 3 November 2011. Archived from the original on 23 February 2014. Retrieved 3 October 2012.
al-Jayousi, Mohammed (7 February 2011). "Bahraini poet Ali al-Sharqawi looks to explore 'cosmic spirit' in his works". Al Shorfa. Archived from the original on 23 February 2014. Retrieved 21 August 2012.

alarabiya.net

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"Bahrain airport's new passenger terminal to open January 28". Al Arabiya English. 10 January 2021. Archived from the original on 15 June 2023. Retrieved 7 June 2023.

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"Ruling Bahrain (Part I): The emir declares himself king". 14 March 2019. Archived from the original on 5 September 2022. Retrieved 2 October 2021.

alaraby.co.uk

The New Arab (5 December 2014). "US approves huge arms sale to Bahrain despite human rights concerns". Alaraby.co.uk. Archived from the original on 19 July 2018. Retrieved 19 July 2018.

albdoo.info

Ownership deeds Archived 24 January 2016 at the Wayback Machine to a palm garden on the island of Sitra, Bahrain, which was sold by Mariam bint Ahmed Al Sindi to Shaikh Salama Bin Saif Al Utbi, dated 1699–1111 Hijri,

alghurabaa.org

"The letters of the Prophet Muhammed beyond Arabia" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 6 December 2010. Retrieved 18 June 2012.

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Carlstrom, Gregg (23 April 2012). "Bahrain court delays ruling in activists case" Archived 15 September 2018 at the Wayback Machine. Al Jazeera. Retrieved 14 June 2012.
"Bahrain Shia demand cabinet change". Middle East. 5 March 2010. Al Jazeera English. Archived from the original on 4 July 2012. Retrieved 4 July 2012.
"Clashes in Bahrain ahead of F1 race". Al Jazeera. 20 April 2012. Retrieved 21 April 2012.

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Al Jazeera: وثيقة بحرينية: الشيعة أقل من النصف Archived 10 October 2017 at the Wayback Machine, 1973. Retrieved 14 February 2021

ameinfo.com

"Arab Advisors Group reveals Bahrain's communications connectivity leading the region" (Press release). AMEinfo. 5 August 2008. Archived from the original on 7 June 2011. Retrieved 12 September 2011.

amnesty.org

"Bahrain: Promising human rights reform must continue". Amnesty International. 13 March 2001. Archived from the original on 30 December 2021. Retrieved 9 February 2011.
"Bahrain: Dreams of reform crushed 10 years after uprising". Amnesty International. 11 February 2021. Archived from the original on 18 May 2021. Retrieved 1 May 2022.
"Bahrain Sa'id 'Abd al-Rasul al-Iskafi". Amnesty International. 27 September 1995. Archived from the original on 13 August 2021. Retrieved 2 February 2012.
Bahrain: Behind the rhetoric: Human rights abuses in Bahrain continue unabated (Report). Amnesty International. 2015. Archived from the original on 8 April 2016.
"Document". Amnesty International. 7 September 2017. Archived from the original on 19 July 2018. Retrieved 19 July 2018.
"Bahrain: Government expels citizens after having revoked their nationality | Amnesty International". Amnesty International. 31 January 2018. Archived from the original on 18 July 2018. Retrieved 19 July 2018.

arabianbusiness.com

Bahrain expected to bustle Archived 2 June 2008 at the Wayback Machine Arabian Business, 1 February 2007
"Bahrain calling – Banking & Finance". Arabian Business. ArabianBusiness.com. 25 April 2008. Archived from the original on 16 September 2010. Retrieved 27 June 2010.
"Two Bahraini men jailed for dressing in drag". Arabian Business. 13 March 2014. Retrieved 7 April 2023.
Mathew, James (29 November 2023). "Gulf MMA sector poised for global dominance as interest, sports investments surge". Arabian Business. Retrieved 26 April 2024.

arabsmma.com

"Brave To Host 9 Events in Middle East in 2017; UAE to Have An Edition in March". ArabsMMA. 20 June 2014. Retrieved 23 March 2017.

archive.org

Larsen 1983, p. 13. Larsen, Curtis (1983). Life and Land Use on the Bahrain Islands: The Geoarcheology of an Ancient Society. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-46906-5.

archive.today

"Bahrain". National Post. Archived from the original on 4 September 2012. Retrieved 5 October 2012.
"Bahrain: metropolitan areas". World Gazetteer. Archived from the original on 9 February 2013.

archiveeditions.co.uk

"Near & Middle East Titles: Bahrain Government Annual Reports 1924–1970". Cambridge Archives Editions. Archived from the original on 17 January 2013. Retrieved 2 October 2012.

archives.gov

georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov

"To Implement the United States-Bahrain Free Trade Agreement, and for Other Purposes". White House Archives. Archived from the original on 15 July 2012. Retrieved 23 June 2012.

aulaorientalis.org

Ju. B. Tsirkin. "Canaan. Phoenicia. Sidon" (PDF). p. 274. Archived from the original (PDF) on 10 October 2017. Retrieved 22 June 2014.

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Noble, Jonatha (17 February 2011). "Bahrain GP2 Asia race cancelled". Autosport. Retrieved 25 March 2012.

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"Facts & Figures". data.gov.bh. Archived from the original on 3 January 2024. Retrieved 3 January 2024.
Government of Bahrain (30 July 2024). "Climate Change and Environment Protection". Government of Bahrain. Retrieved 14 January 2025.

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BD (4 May 2024). "7 Top Paying Jobs in Bahrain". Bahrain Discover. Archived from the original on 10 May 2024. Retrieved 4 May 2024.

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"Bahrain's economy praised for diversity and sustainability". Bahrain Economic Development Board. Archived from the original on 28 December 2010. Retrieved 24 June 2012.
"Logistics and Infrastructure". Bahrain Economic Development Board. Archived from the original on 24 June 2012. Retrieved 4 July 2012.

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"Bahrain Football Association" (in Arabic). Bahrainfootball.org. Archived from the original on 17 July 2012. Retrieved 27 June 2012.

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"BIC: Drag Racing". bahraingp.com. Archived from the original on 17 January 2013. Retrieved 17 June 2012.

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"Popular Attractions". Bahrain Guide. Archived from the original on 23 September 2012. Retrieved 5 October 2012.

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"Bahrain Society". American Bahraini Friendship Society. Archived from the original on 6 September 2012. Retrieved 26 June 2012.

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Abdullah, Amal (18 August 2019). "Bahrain, The Champions of WAFF Championship 2019". Bahrain This Week. Retrieved 18 June 2023.

bbc.co.uk

Curtis, Adam (11 May 2012). "If you take my advice – I'd repress them". BBC News. Archived from the original on 8 October 2012. Retrieved 27 June 2012.
Law, Bill (6 April 2011). "Police Brutality Turns Bahrain Into 'Island of Fear'" Archived 1 February 2016 at the Wayback Machine. Crossing Continents (via BBC News). Retrieved 15 April 2011.
"Bahrain protesters join anti-government march in Manama". BBC News. 9 March 2012. Archived from the original on 25 April 2012. Retrieved 3 October 2012.
"Bahrain police 'continue to torture detainees'". BBC News. 29 April 2012. BBC. Archived from the original on 18 October 2017. Retrieved 5 July 2012.
"Bahrain profile – Media". BBC News. Archived from the original on 18 October 2017. Retrieved 15 June 2014.
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news.bbc.co.uk

"Bahrain names Jewish ambassador" Archived 31 August 2018 at the Wayback Machine. BBC News. 29 May 2008. Retrieved 4 July 2012.

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"Bomb blast kills three Bahrain policemen". BBC. 3 March 2014. Archived from the original on 23 September 2018. Retrieved 6 March 2014.
"Trump announces 'peace deal' between Bahrain and Israel". BBC News. 11 September 2020. Archived from the original on 20 January 2021. Retrieved 24 October 2020.
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bici.org.bh

"BICI | Bahrain Independent Commission of Inquiry". bici.org.bh. 23 November 2011. pp. 162–163. Archived from the original on 9 December 2017. Retrieved 22 November 2020.
"BICI | Bahrain Independent Commission of Inquiry". bici.org.bh. 23 November 2011. pp. 73–74, 88. Archived from the original on 9 December 2017. Retrieved 22 November 2020.
"Report of the Bahrain Independent Commission of Inquiry". BICI. 23 November 2011. pp. 132–139. Archived from the original on 9 December 2017. Retrieved 29 January 2012.
"BICI | Bahrain Independent Commission of Inquiry". bici.org.bh. 23 November 2011. p. 15. Archived from the original on 9 December 2017. Retrieved 22 November 2020.

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"Blog | Bahrain Wins the Gulf Cup for the 1st Time in 50 years". binfaqeeh.com. Retrieved 18 June 2023.

bizbahrain.com

Xavier, Joao (8 October 2023). "Spain to become 30th nation to host BRAVE CF, with BRAVE CF 75 set for November 18". BizBahrain. Biz Bahrain. Retrieved 26 April 2024.

bleacherreport.com

Duane Finley (20 August 2015). "The Fighting Life: The Rise of MMA in Bahrain". Bleacher Report. Retrieved 23 March 2017.

bloomberg.com

"U.S. Backs Saudi-Led Yemeni Bombing With Logistics, Spying". Bloomberg News. 26 March 2015. Archived from the original on 6 April 2017.

bna.bh

"Bahrain granted the status of SCO dialogue partner". bna.bh/en/. 15 July 2023. Retrieved 1 September 2023.
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"HRH Prince Salman Exchanges Letters With BDF Chief Commander". Bahrain News Agency. 4 June 2011. Archived from the original on 17 January 2013. Retrieved 6 October 2012.
W, Steve (7 August 2020). "Bahrain receives patrol warship "RBNS Al-Zubara"". WHQ. Bahrain News Agency. Archived from the original on 29 March 2021. Retrieved 7 August 2020.
‘RBNS Khalid bin Ali’ ship arrives in Bahrain; joins RBNF. Bahrain News Agency. Published 18 January 2024. Retrieved 2 February 2024.
"Bahrain News Agency | Bahrain to host IMMAF World Championships of Amateur MMA". Bna.bh. 31 January 2017. Retrieved 19 July 2018.
"Bahrain Olympic Academy receives Athens honorary distinction". 10 June 2024.

books.google.com

Bahrain Government Annual Reports, Volume 8, Archive Editions, 1987, page 92
First encyclopaedia of Islam 1913–1936. E.J. Brill. 1993. p. 584. ISBN 978-90-04-09796-4.
Holes, Clive (2001). Dialect, Culture, and Society in Eastern Arabia: Glossary. BRILL. pp. XIX. ISBN 9004107630.
Larsen, Curtis E. (1984). Life and Land Use on the Bahrain Islands: The Geoarchaeology of an Ancient Society. University of Chicago Press. pp. 52–55. ISBN 978-0-226-46906-5.
Syed, Muzaffar Husain; Akhtar, Syed Saud; Usmani, B. D. (14 September 2011). Concise History of Islam. Vij Books India Pvt. ISBN 9789382573470.
R. A. Donkin (1998). Beyond Price: Pearls and Pearl-fishing: Origins to the Age of Discoveries, Volume 224. American Philosophical Society. p. 48. ISBN 978-0-87169-224-5. Archived from the original on 17 January 2023. Retrieved 20 June 2015.
Michael Rice (1986). Bahrain Through The Ages – Archa. Routledge. pp. 401–402. ISBN 978-0-7103-0112-3. Archived from the original on 17 January 2023. Retrieved 20 June 2015.
"Historical Researches into the Politics, Intercourse, and Trade of the Principal Nations of Antiquity". A.H.L. Heeren. 1846.
Hoyland, Robert G. (2001). Arabia and the Arabs: From the Bronze Age to the Coming of Islam. Routledge. p. 28. ISBN 978-0-415-19535-5.
Holes, Clive (2001). Dialect, Culture, and Society in Eastern Arabia: Glossary. BRILL. pp. XXIV–XXVI. ISBN 9004107630. Thus the pre-Islamic ethno-linguistic situation in eastern Arabia appear to have been a mixed tribal population of partially Christianised Arabs of diverse origins who probably spoke different old Arabian vernaculars; a mobile Persian-speaking population, possibly of traders and administrators, with strong links to Persia, with which they maintained close contact; a sedentary, non-tribal community of Aramaic-speaking farmers; a Persian clergy, which we know for certain, used Syriac as a language of liturgy and general writing, probably alongside Persian as a spoken language.
J. R. Smart (2013). Tradition and Modernity in Arabic Language And Literature. Psychology Press. ISBN 978-0-7007-0411-8.
Houtsma, M. Th (1993). E.J. Brill's First Encyclopaedia of Islam, 1913–1936, Volume 5. BRILL. p. 98. ISBN 9004097910. Archived from the original on 17 January 2023. Retrieved 20 June 2015.
Emerick, Yahiya (2002) Critical Lives: Muhammad, p. 185, Penguin
Safiur-Rahman Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, p. 226
Akbar Shāh Ḵẖān Najībābādī, History of Islam, Volume 1 Archived 2 April 2023 at the Wayback Machine, p. 194. Quote: "Again, the Holy Prophet «P sent Dihyah bin Khalifa Kalbi to the Byzantine king Heraclius, Hatib bin Abi Baltaeh to the king of Egypt and Alexandria; Allabn Al-Hazermi to Munzer bin Sawa the king of Bahrain; Amer bin Aas to the king of Oman. Salit bin Amri to Hozah bin Ali— the king of Yamama; Shiya bin Wahab to Haris bin Ghasanni to the king of Damascus"
Cole, Juan (2002). Sacred Space And Holy War: The Politics, Culture and History of Shi'ite Islam. I. B. Tauris. ISBN 978-1-86064-736-9.
McCoy, Eric Andrew (2008). Iranians in Bahrain and the United Arab Emirates: Migration, Minorities, and Identities in the Persian Gulf Arab States. p. 73. ISBN 978-0-549-93507-0.^{[permanent dead link‍]}
Slot, B. (1991). The Origins of Kuwait. BRILL. p. 110. ISBN 978-90-04-09409-3.
Background Notes: Mideast, March, 2011. US State Department. 2011. ISBN 978-1-59243-126-7.
Onley, James (2007). "Chapter 1, (2.7)". The Arabian Frontier of the British Raj. Merchants, Rulers and British in the Nineteenth-Century Gulf. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-922810-2.
Al-Baharna, Husain (1968). Legal Status of the Arabian Gulf States: A Study of Their Treaty Relations and Their International Problems. Manchester University Press. p. 31. ISBN 0-7190-0332-6.
Smart, J. R.; Smith, G. Rex; Pridham, B. R. (2004). New Arabian Studies. University of Exeter Press. pp. 51, 52, 53, 67, 68. ISBN 978-0-85989-706-8.
Pridham, B. R.; University of Exeter. Centre for Arab Gulf Studies (1985). The Arab Gulf and the West. Taylor & Francis. p. 7. ISBN 978-0-7099-4011-1.
Wilson, Arnold T. (2011). The Persian Gulf: A historical sketch from the earliest times to the beginning of the twentieth century. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-136-84105-7.
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The Middle East and North Africa 2004. Routledge. 2003. p. 225. ISBN 1-85743-184-7.
The Middle East and North Africa 2004. Europa Publications. 2003. p. 232. ISBN 1-85743-184-7.
The Report: Bahrain 2010. Oxford Business Group. 2010. pp. 12–25. ISBN 978-1-907065-22-4.
Alsharhan, A. S. (2001). Hydrogeology of an Arid Region: The Arabian Gulf and Adjoining Areas. Elsevier. pp. 188–190. ISBN 978-0-444-50225-4.
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Elsheshtawy, Yasser (2008). The evolving Arab city: tradition, modernity and urban development. Routledge. p. 198. ISBN 978-1-134-12821-1.
Report: Bahrain 2008. Oxford Business. 2008. p. 153. ISBN 978-1-902339-97-9.
Dialect, Culture, and Society in Eastern Arabia: Glossary. Clive Holes. 2001. Page 135. ISBN 90-04-10763-0
Bloom, Jonathan M. (2009). The Grove Encyclopedia of Islamic Art and Architecture, Volume 2. Oxford University Press. p. 253. ISBN 978-0-19-530991-1.
Aldosari, Ali (2006). Middle East, Western Asia, and Northern Africa. Marshall Cavendish Corporation. p. 39. ISBN 978-0-7614-7571-2.
Frishkopf, Michael (2010). Music and Media in the Arab World. American University in Cairo. pp. 114–116. ISBN 978-977-416-293-0.

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Rentz, G. "al- Baḥrayn". Encyclopaedia of Islam. Edited by: P. Bearman, Th. Bianquis, C.E. Bosworth, E. van Donzel and W.P. Heinrichs. Brill, 2008. Brill Online. 15 March 2008 [1]^{[permanent dead link‍]}
Smith, G.R. "Uyūnids". Encyclopaedia of Islam. Edited by: P. Bearman, Th. Bianquis, C.E. Bosworth, E. van Donzel and W.P. Heinrichs. Brill, 2008. Brill Online. 16 March 2008 [2] Archived 1 April 2020 at the Wayback Machine
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"Black Stone of Mecca" Archived 3 January 2008 at the Wayback Machine. Encyclopædia Britannica. 2007. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. 25 June 2007.
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cbd.int

"Country profile: Bahrain". Convention on Biological Diversity. Archived from the original on 12 May 2012. Retrieved 24 June 2012.

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"General Tables". Bahraini 2020. Archived from the original on 20 March 2012. Retrieved 3 March 2012.
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"Area of Bahrain Expands to 765.3 square kilometres". Archived from the original on 1 February 2018. Retrieved 1 February 2018.

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"Bahrain says ban on protests in response to rising violence". CNN. 1 November 2012. Archived from the original on 29 March 2013. Retrieved 16 November 2012.
Payne, Ed (17 April 2012). "Amnesty report: Bahrain reforms are "flawed," "inadequate"". CNN. Archived from the original on 18 April 2012. Retrieved 7 July 2012.
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"Bahrain 2002 (rev. 2012)". Constitute. Archived from the original on 2 April 2015. Retrieved 17 March 2015.

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Serjeant, Robert Bertram (1968). "Fisher-folk and fish-traps in al-Bahrain". Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London. 31 (3): 486–514 (488). doi:10.1017/s0041977x00125522. ISSN 0041-977X. JSTOR 614301. S2CID 128833964.
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Lin, David; Hanscom, Laurel; Murthy, Adeline; Galli, Alessandro; Evans, Mikel; Neill, Evan; Mancini, MariaSerena; Martindill, Jon; Medouar, FatimeZahra; Huang, Shiyu; Wackernagel, Mathis (2018). "Ecological Footprint Accounting for Countries: Updates and Results of the National Footprint Accounts, 2012–2018". Resources. 7 (3): 58. doi:10.3390/resources7030058.
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Arabic: مملكة البحرين Mamlakat al-Baḥrayn^ⓘ

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