Bald eagle (English Wikipedia)

"ARKive- Bald Eagle video, photos and facts". ARKive.org- Images of Life on Earth. Archived from the original on July 7, 2012. Retrieved July 20, 2012.

baldeagleinfo.com

"Bald Eagle Viewing Directory". Archived from the original on November 11, 2020. Retrieved August 20, 2007.
"Eagle Myths and Legends – American Bald Eagle Information". Archived from the original on May 3, 2021. Retrieved September 2, 2015.

baltimoresun.com

Scharper, Julie (January 29, 2015). "Bald eagles fight, tangle and fall out of the sky". Baltimore Sun. Retrieved February 14, 2021.

bbc.com

"Bald eagle adopts 'mortal enemy' baby hawk". BBC News. June 9, 2017. Retrieved April 4, 2018.

biodiversitylibrary.org

Audubon, John James (1840). "White-headed or bald Eagle, Haliaetus leucocephalus, Linn. [Pl. 14]". The Birds of America: From Drawings Made in the United States and Their Territories. 1: 57––64. doi:10.5962/p.319127.

biologicaldiversity.org

Suckling, K.; W. Hodges (September 21, 2007). "Status of the bald eagle in the lower 48 states and the District of Columbia: 1963–2007". www.biologicaldiversity.org. Center for Biological Diversity. Retrieved February 11, 2023.

birdsoftheworld.org

Buehler, David A. (2022). P. G. Rodewald; S. G. Mlodinow (eds.). "Bald Eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus)". Birds of the World. Cornell Lab of Ornithology. doi:10.2173/bow.baleag.02.

blm.gov

Travsky, A. & Beauvais, G. "Species Assessment for Bald Eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) in Wyoming" (PDF). United States Department of the Interior- Bureau of Land Management. Archived from the original (PDF) on June 2, 2013. Retrieved September 17, 2021.

books.google.com

Watson, Jeff (2010). The Golden Eagle. A&C Black. ISBN 978-1-4081-1420-9. Retrieved August 22, 2012.
Potts, Steve (1999). The Bald Eagle. Capstone. p. 17. ISBN 978-0-7368-8483-9. Retrieved July 12, 2016.
"American Bald Eagle Is Near Extinction". Popular Science Monthly. March 1930. p. 62.

bsc-eoc.org

"Bald Eagle Fact Sheet". Southern Ontario Bald Eagle Monitoring Project. Archived from the original on May 11, 2008. Retrieved June 30, 2008.

byu.edu

scholarsarchive.byu.edu

Edwards, C.C. (1969). Winter behavior and population dynamics of American eagles in Utah (PhD dissertation). Provo, UT: Brigham Young University. hdl:1877/Letd163.

canadianfieldnaturalist.ca

Olson, Storrs L. (October 1, 2006). "Bald Eagle, Haliaeetus leucocephalus, Preying on Maritime Garter Snake, Thamnophis sirtalis pallidulus, on Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia". The Canadian Field-Naturalist. 120 (4): 477. doi:10.22621/cfn.v120i4.359. ISSN 0008-3550.

canadiangeographic.ca

"Animal Facts: Bald Eagle". August 14, 2006. Retrieved October 22, 2018.

cites.org

"Appendices | CITES". cites.org. Retrieved January 14, 2022.

columbusaudubon.org

"A Gathering of Eagles". Columbus Audubon.

cornell.edu

birds.cornell.edu

"Bald Eagle, Haliaeetus leucocephalus". Cornell Lab of Ornithology. Archived from the original on June 2, 2007. Retrieved June 21, 2007.

bna.birds.cornell.edu

Good, T.P. "Great Black-backed Gull- Behavior- Birds of North America Online". Cornell Lab of Ornithology. Retrieved January 7, 2013.

csustan.edu

esrpweb.csustan.edu

Brown, N. L. "Bald Eagle Haliaeetus leucocephalus". Endangered Species Recovery Program. Archived from the original on September 12, 2006. Retrieved August 20, 2007.

delcotimes.com

"Bald eagles make nest in Heinz Wildlife Refuge". Delaware Daily Times website. Delaware Daily Times. 2010. Archived from the original on September 5, 2012. Retrieved February 21, 2012.

digital-images.net

"Bald Eagle Catching Salmon 8598". The Brackendale and Yellowstone page. Retrieved February 10, 2023.

doi.org

BirdLife International (2016). "Haliaeetus leucocephalus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T22695144A93492523. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22695144A93492523.en. Retrieved November 19, 2021.
Wink, M (1996). "A mtDNA phylogeny of sea eagles (genus Haliaeetus) based on nucleotide sequences of the cytochrome b gene" (PDF). Biochemical Systematics and Ecology. 24 (7–8): 783–91. doi:10.1016/S0305-1978(97)81217-3. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 29, 2008. Retrieved November 7, 2008.
Buehler, David A. (2022). P. G. Rodewald; S. G. Mlodinow (eds.). "Bald Eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus)". Birds of the World. Cornell Lab of Ornithology. doi:10.2173/bow.baleag.02.
"British Ornithologists' Union Records Committee: 37th Report (October 2008)". Ibis. 151: 224–230. 2009. doi:10.1111/j.1474-919X.2008.00901.x.
Andrew, J. M.; Mosher, J. A. (1982). "Bald Eagle nest site selection and nesting habitat in Maryland". Journal of Wildlife Management. 46 (2): 382–90. doi:10.2307/3808650. JSTOR 3808650.
Wood, P. B.; Edwards, T. C.; Collopy, M. W. (1989). "Characteristics of Bald Eagle nesting habitat in Florida". Journal of Wildlife Management. 53 (2): 441–449. doi:10.2307/3801148. JSTOR 3801148.
Todd, C. S.; Young, L. S.; Owen, R. B.; Gramlich, F. J. (1982). "Food habits of Bald Eagles in Maine". Journal of Wildlife Management. 46 (3): 636–45. doi:10.2307/3808554. JSTOR 3808554.
Audubon, John James (1840). "White-headed or bald Eagle, Haliaetus leucocephalus, Linn. [Pl. 14]". The Birds of America: From Drawings Made in the United States and Their Territories. 1: 57––64. doi:10.5962/p.319127.
Todd, C. S.; et al. (1982). "Food habits of bald eagles in Maine". The Journal of Wildlife Management. 46 (3): 636–645. doi:10.2307/3808554. JSTOR 3808554.
Stalmaster, M. V.; Plettner, R. G. (1992). "Diets and foraging effectiveness of Bald Eagles during extreme winter weather in Nebraska". Journal of Wildlife Management. 56 (2): 355–67. doi:10.2307/3808835. JSTOR 3808835.
Dunstan, Thomas C.; Harper, James F. (1975). "Food Habits of Bald Eagles in North-Central Minnesota". The Journal of Wildlife Management. 39 (1): 140–143. doi:10.2307/3800476. JSTOR 3800476.
Jackson, Allyson; et al. (2016). "Mercury risk to avian piscivores across western United States and Canada". Science of the Total Environment. 568: 685–696. Bibcode:2016ScTEn.568..685J. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.02.197. PMC 5461577. PMID 26996522.
Kozie, K. D.; Anderson, R. K. (1991). "Productivity, diet, and environmental contaminants in Bald Eagles nesting near the Wisconsin shoreline of Lake Superior". Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology. 20 (1): 41–48. Bibcode:1991ArECT..20...41K. doi:10.1007/BF01065326. PMID 1996910. S2CID 28781482.
Ofelt, C. H. (1975). "Food habits of nesting Bald Eagles in southeast Alaska". The Condor. 77 (3): 337–338. doi:10.2307/1366232. JSTOR 1366232.
Stalmaster, M. V.; Gessaman, J. A. (1984). "Ecological energetics and foraging behavior of overwintering Bald Eagles". Ecological Monographs. 54 (4): 407–28. Bibcode:1984EcoM...54..407S. doi:10.2307/1942594. JSTOR 1942594.
Brisbin, I. Lehr Jr.; Mowbray, Thomas B.; Poole, A.; Gill, F. (2002). "American Coot (Fulica americana)". The Birds of North America Online. doi:10.2173/bna.697a. ISSN 1061-5466.
Erlandson, Jon M.; et al. (2007). "Archaeological implications of a bald eagle nesting site at Ferrelo Point, San Miguel Island, California". Journal of Archaeological Science. 34 (2): 255–271. Bibcode:2007JArSc..34..255E. doi:10.1016/j.jas.2006.05.002.
Graves, Gary R. (2020). "Bald Eagle Swims to Shore with Ross's Goose". Journal of Raptor Research. 54 (1): 84–85. doi:10.3356/0892-1016-54.1.84. S2CID 214260050.
Bartley, John (1988). "Bald Eagle kills and carries Giant Canada Goose". Blue Jay. 46 (2). doi:10.29173/bluejay4868.
Forbes, L. Scott (1987). "Predation on Adult Great Blue Herons: Is It Important?". Colonial Waterbirds. 10 (1): 120–122. doi:10.2307/1521242. JSTOR 1521242.
Cole, Gretchen A.; et al. (2009). "Postmortem evaluation of reintroduced migratory whooping cranes in eastern North America". Journal of Wildlife Diseases. 45 (1): 29–40. doi:10.7589/0090-3558-45.1.29. PMID 19204333. S2CID 36783957.
Corace III, R. Gregory; McCormick, Damon L.; Cavalieri, Vincent (2006). "Population growth parameters of a reintroduced trumpeter swan flock, Seney National Wildlife Refuge, Michigan, USA (1991-2004)". Waterbirds. 29 (1): 38–42. doi:10.1675/1524-4695(2006)29[38:PGPOAR]2.0.CO;2. S2CID 86088372.
Anthony, R. G.; Estes, J. A.; Ricca, M. A.; Miles, A. K.; Forsman, E. D. (2008). "Bald eagles and sea otters in the Aleutian archipelago: indirect effects of trophic cascades". Ecology. 89 (10): 2725–2735. Bibcode:2008Ecol...89.2725A. doi:10.1890/07-1818.1. PMID 18959310.
McEwan, Linda C.; Hirth, David H. (1980). "Food habits of the Bald Eagle in north-central Florida". The Condor. 82 (2): 229–231. doi:10.2307/1367485. JSTOR 1367485.
Kralovec, Mary L.; et al. (1992). "Nesting productivity, food habits, and nest sites of bald eagles in Colorado and southeastern Wyoming". The Southwestern Naturalist. 37 (4): 356–361. doi:10.2307/3671786. JSTOR 3671786.
Harmata, A. R.; Toepfer, J. E. (1985). "Fall migration of Bald Eagles produced in northern Saskatchewan". Blue Jay. 43 (4). doi:10.29173/bluejay4393.
Hayward, J.; Galusha, J.; Henson, S. (2010). "Foraging-Related Activity of Bald Eagles at a Washington Seabird Colony and Seal Rookery" (PDF). Journal of Raptor Research. 44: 19. doi:10.3356/JRR-08-107.1. S2CID 5843257. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 9, 2022.
Powell, Roger A. (May 8, 1981). "Martes pennanti". Mammalian Species (156): 1–6. doi:10.2307/3504050. JSTOR 3504050.
Watson, James W. (2002). "Comparative Home Ranges and Food Habits of Bald Eagles Nesting in Four Aquatic Habitats in Western Washington". Northwestern Naturalist. 83 (3). Society for Northwestern Vertebrate Biology: 101–08. doi:10.2307/3536608. JSTOR 3536608.
Moore, Claybourne M.; Collins, Paul W. (June 23, 1995). "Urocyon littoralis". Mammalian Species (489): 1–7. doi:10.2307/3504160. JSTOR 3504160. S2CID 215746001.
Audet, Alexandra M.; Robbins, C. Brian; Larivière, Serge (December 26, 2002). "Alopex lagopus". Mammalian Species (713): 1–10. doi:10.1644/0.713.1.
Wade-Smith, Julia; Verts, B. J. (May 25, 1982). "Mephitis mephitis". Mammalian Species (173): 1–7. doi:10.2307/3503883. JSTOR 3503883.
Dragoo, Jerry W.; Sheffield, Steven R. (2009). "Conepatus leuconotus (Carnivora: Mephitidae)". Mammalian Species. 827: 1–8. doi:10.1644/827.1. S2CID 86591926.
Duquette, Jared F.; et al. (2011). "Bald eagle predation of a white-tailed deer fawn". Northeastern Naturalist. 18 (1): 87–94. doi:10.1656/045.018.0108. S2CID 85843273.
Gilbert, Sophie L. (2016). "Bald Eagle Predation on Sitka Black-Tailed Deer Fawns". Northwestern Naturalist. 97 (1): 66–69. doi:10.1898/1051-1733-97.1.66. S2CID 35280296.
Olson, Storrs L. (October 1, 2006). "Bald Eagle, Haliaeetus leucocephalus, Preying on Maritime Garter Snake, Thamnophis sirtalis pallidulus, on Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia". The Canadian Field-Naturalist. 120 (4): 477. doi:10.22621/cfn.v120i4.359. ISSN 0008-3550.
Erlandson, J.M.; Moss, M.L. (2001). "Shellfish feeders, carrion eaters, and aquatic adaptations". American Antiquity. 66: 413–432. doi:10.2307/2694242. JSTOR 2694242. S2CID 83743872.
McCollough, M. A.; Todd, C. S.; Owen R. B. Jr. (1994). "Supplemental feeding program for wintering Bald Eagles in Maine". Wildlife Society Bulletin. 22 (2): 147–54. doi:10.1016/0006-3207(96)83230-7. JSTOR 3783240.
Watt, J.; Krausse, B.; Tinker, T. M. (1995). "Bald Eagle kleptoparasitizing sea otters at Amchitka Island, Alaska". Condor. 87 (2): 588–90. doi:10.2307/1369047. JSTOR 1369047.
Dekker, Dick; Out, Marinde; Tabak, Miechel; Ydenberg, Ronald (2012). "The Effect of Kleptoparasitic Bald Eagles and Gyrfalcons on the Kill Rate of Peregrine Falcons Hunting Dunlins Wintering in British Columbia". Condor. 114 (2): 290–294. doi:10.1525/cond.2012.110110. JSTOR 10.1525/cond.2012.110110. S2CID 12386389.
Hensel, R. J.; Troyer, W. A. (1964). "Nesting studies of the Bald Eagle in Alaska". Condor. 66 (4): 282–86. doi:10.2307/1365287. JSTOR 1365287.
Gilbert, S.; Tomassoni, P.; Kramer, P. A. (1981). "History of captive management and breeding of Bald Eagles". International Zoo Yearbook. 21: 101–09. doi:10.1111/j.1748-1090.1981.tb01959.x.
Bowman, T. D.; Schempf, P. F.; Bernatowicz, J. A. (1995). "Bald Eagle survival and populations dynamics in Alaska after the Exxon Valdez oil spill". Journal of Wildlife Management. 59 (2): 317–24. doi:10.2307/3808945. JSTOR 3808945.
Simon, Kendall L.; Best, David A.; Sikarskie, James G.; Pittman, H. Tyler; Bowerman, William W.; Cooley, Thomas M.; Stolz, Scott (April 2020). "Sources of Mortality in Bald Eagles in Michigan, 1986–2017". The Journal of Wildlife Management. 84 (3): 553–561. Bibcode:2020JWMan..84..553S. doi:10.1002/jwmg.21822. ISSN 0022-541X. Retrieved July 23, 2024.
Buehler, D. A.; Fraser, J. D.; Seegar, J. K. D.; Therres, G. D.; Byrd, M. A. (1991). "Survival rates and population dynamics of Bald Eagles on Chesapeake Bay". Journal of Wildlife Management. 55 (4): 608–13. doi:10.2307/3809506. JSTOR 3809506.
Doyle, F. I. (1995). "Bald Eagle, Haliaeetus leucocephalus, and Northern Goshawk, Accipiter gentilis, nests apparently preyed upon by a wolverine(s), Gulo gulo, in the southwestern Yukon Territory". Canadian Field-Naturalist. 109: 115–16. doi:10.5962/p.357587.
Russell, Robin E.; Franson, J. Christian (December 2014). "Causes of Mortality in Eagles Submitted to The National Wildlife Health Center 1975–2013". Wildlife Society Bulletin. 38 (4): 697–704. Bibcode:2014WSBu...38..697R. doi:10.1002/wsb.469.
Parrish, Julia K.; Marvier, Michelle; Paine, Robert T. (2001). "Direct and Indirect Effects: Interactions Between Bald Eagles and Common Murres". Ecological Applications. 11 (6): 1858–1869. doi:10.1890/1051-0761(2001)011[1858:DAIEIB]2.0.CO;2. ISSN 1051-0761.
Lawrence, E.A. (1990). "Symbol of a Nation: The Bald Eagle in American Culture". The Journal of American Culture. 13 (1): 63–69. doi:10.1111/j.1542-734X.1990.1301_63.x.

drexel.edu

pages.drexel.edu

"Habits and Habitats of Bald Eagles". Drexel University. Archived from the original on February 17, 2013. Retrieved January 9, 2013.

eagles.org

"Bald Eagle Facts and Information". Eagles.org. Archived from the original on July 30, 2008. Retrieved November 3, 2008.
"Bald Eagle Facts and Information". Eagles.org. June 28, 2007. Archived from the original on July 30, 2008. Retrieved March 3, 2009.
"Bald Eagle Facts and Information". American eagle foundation. Archived from the original on December 6, 2007. Retrieved January 3, 2008.
"'Wings of America' Birds of Prey Show". American Eagle Foundation. January 12, 2018.

epa.gov

EPA press release (December 31, 1972). "DDT Ban Takes Effect". United States Environmental Protection Agency. Archived from the original on July 5, 2007. Retrieved August 22, 2007.

federalregister.gov

"Migratory Bird Permits; Possession and Educational Use". US Fish and Wildlife Service. September 21, 2010. Retrieved May 30, 2020.

fpl.com

"The Bald Eagle in Florida" (PDF). Florida Power & Light Company. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 6, 2013. Retrieved January 3, 2013.

freep.com

Matheny, Keith (August 7, 2020). "What kills bald eagles in Michigan? Most comprehensive study ever has the answers". Detroit Free Press. Retrieved July 23, 2024.

fs.fed.us

"Wildlife Species: Haliaeetus leucocephalus". USDA Forest Service. Retrieved June 21, 2007.

fws.gov

Waston, J.; Garrett, M. & Anthony, R. "Foraging Ecology of Bald Eagles in the Columbia River Estuary" (PDF). Oregon State University. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 9, 2022. Retrieved January 3, 2013.
"Federal Laws that Protect Bald and Golden Eagles". US Fish and Wildlife Service. Archived from the original on June 8, 2021. Retrieved May 30, 2020.
"Bald Eagle Removed from Endangered Species List". US Fish and Wildlife Service. Archived from the original on April 20, 2020. Retrieved May 30, 2020.
"Bald Eagle Breeding Pairs 1963 to 2006". U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service. March 18, 2013. Retrieved December 10, 2013.
"History of Bald Eagle Decline, Protection and Recovery". Archived from the original on June 30, 2021. Retrieved May 30, 2020.
"Bald Eagle Population Recovery and the Endangered Species Act". U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Archived from the original on April 22, 2014. Retrieved November 22, 2014.
"U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service Office of Law Enforcement / Native Americans and Alaskan Natives – National Eagle Repository". Retrieved March 10, 2014.

ghostarchive.org

Murphy, T. & Hope, C. "Bald Eagles in South Carolina" (PDF). Department of Natural Resources of South Carolina. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 9, 2022. Retrieved January 4, 2013.
"Gripping Strength of an Eagle – Understanding psi 101" (PDF). Hawkquest. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 9, 2022. Retrieved July 20, 2012.
Waston, J.; Garrett, M. & Anthony, R. "Foraging Ecology of Bald Eagles in the Columbia River Estuary" (PDF). Oregon State University. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 9, 2022. Retrieved January 3, 2013.
Hayward, J.; Galusha, J.; Henson, S. (2010). "Foraging-Related Activity of Bald Eagles at a Washington Seabird Colony and Seal Rookery" (PDF). Journal of Raptor Research. 44: 19. doi:10.3356/JRR-08-107.1. S2CID 5843257. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 9, 2022.
Bortolotti, G. R. (1984). "Physical development of nestling Bald Eagles with emphasis on the timing of growth events" (PDF). Wilson Bulletin. 96 (4): 524–42. JSTOR 4161989. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 9, 2022.
Mabie, D. W.; Todd, M. T.; Reid, D. H. (1994). "Dispersal of Bald Eagles fledged in Texas" (PDF). J. Raptor Res. 28 (4): 213–19. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 9, 2022.

go.com

abcnews.go.com

"New Wind Energy Permits Would Raise Kill Limit of Bald Eagles But Still Boost Conservation, Officials Say". ABC News. May 4, 2016. Retrieved March 3, 2017.

gothamist.com

Carlson, Jen (February 5, 2010). "Bald Eagle Spotted Near Fairway". Gothamist. Archived from the original on March 11, 2010. Retrieved March 20, 2010.

gov.on.ca

search.e-laws.gov.on.ca

"Fish and Wildlife Conservation Act, 1997". Ministry of Attorney General. Retrieved November 7, 2007.

greatseal.com

"Official 1782 Description of America's Great Seal". www.greatseal.com. Retrieved February 11, 2023.
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guinnessworldrecords.com

"Largest bird's nest". Guinnessworldrecords.com. Retrieved October 5, 2013.

hancockwildlife.org

raptors.hancockwildlife.org

Suring, L. "Habitat Relationships of Bald Eagles in Alaska" (PDF). U.S. Forest Service. Archived from the original (PDF) on June 5, 2013. Retrieved January 3, 2013.
Armstrong, R. "The Importance of Fish to Bald Eagles in Southeast Alaska: A Review" (PDF). U.S. Forest Service. Archived from the original (PDF) on March 5, 2016. Retrieved January 3, 2013.

handle.net

hdl.handle.net

Edwards, C.C. (1969). Winter behavior and population dynamics of American eagles in Utah (PhD dissertation). Provo, UT: Brigham Young University. hdl:1877/Letd163.
Mersmann, T. J. (1989). Foraging ecology of Bald Eagles on the northern Chesapeake Bay with an examination of techniques used in the study of Bald Eagle food habits (MS thesis). Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. hdl:10919/46051.
Delong, D. C. Jr. (1990). Effects of food on Bald Eagle distribution and abundance on the northern Chesapeake Bay: an experimental approach (MS thesis). Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. hdl:10919/41925.
Burnam, Jonathan; Mengak, Michael T. (2007). Managing wildlife damage: Nutria (Myocastor coypus). University of Georgia. hdl:10724/31054.

harvard.edu

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Jackson, Allyson; et al. (2016). "Mercury risk to avian piscivores across western United States and Canada". Science of the Total Environment. 568: 685–696. Bibcode:2016ScTEn.568..685J. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.02.197. PMC 5461577. PMID 26996522.
Kozie, K. D.; Anderson, R. K. (1991). "Productivity, diet, and environmental contaminants in Bald Eagles nesting near the Wisconsin shoreline of Lake Superior". Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology. 20 (1): 41–48. Bibcode:1991ArECT..20...41K. doi:10.1007/BF01065326. PMID 1996910. S2CID 28781482.
Stalmaster, M. V.; Gessaman, J. A. (1984). "Ecological energetics and foraging behavior of overwintering Bald Eagles". Ecological Monographs. 54 (4): 407–28. Bibcode:1984EcoM...54..407S. doi:10.2307/1942594. JSTOR 1942594.
Erlandson, Jon M.; et al. (2007). "Archaeological implications of a bald eagle nesting site at Ferrelo Point, San Miguel Island, California". Journal of Archaeological Science. 34 (2): 255–271. Bibcode:2007JArSc..34..255E. doi:10.1016/j.jas.2006.05.002.
Anthony, R. G.; Estes, J. A.; Ricca, M. A.; Miles, A. K.; Forsman, E. D. (2008). "Bald eagles and sea otters in the Aleutian archipelago: indirect effects of trophic cascades". Ecology. 89 (10): 2725–2735. Bibcode:2008Ecol...89.2725A. doi:10.1890/07-1818.1. PMID 18959310.
Simon, Kendall L.; Best, David A.; Sikarskie, James G.; Pittman, H. Tyler; Bowerman, William W.; Cooley, Thomas M.; Stolz, Scott (April 2020). "Sources of Mortality in Bald Eagles in Michigan, 1986–2017". The Journal of Wildlife Management. 84 (3): 553–561. Bibcode:2020JWMan..84..553S. doi:10.1002/jwmg.21822. ISSN 0022-541X. Retrieved July 23, 2024.
Russell, Robin E.; Franson, J. Christian (December 2014). "Causes of Mortality in Eagles Submitted to The National Wildlife Health Center 1975–2013". Wildlife Society Bulletin. 38 (4): 697–704. Bibcode:2014WSBu...38..697R. doi:10.1002/wsb.469.

hawkquest.org

"Gripping Strength of an Eagle – Understanding psi 101" (PDF). Hawkquest. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 9, 2022. Retrieved July 20, 2012.

icwdm.org

O'Gara, B. (August 3, 1994). "Bald and Golden Eagles damage management and predation control". Cooperative Extension Division Institute of Agriculture and Natural Resources University of Nebraska. Archived from the original on June 15, 2012. Retrieved January 3, 2013.

indiancountry.com

Melmer, David (June 11, 2007). "Bald eagles may come off threatened list". Indian Country Today. Archived from the original on September 24, 2007. Retrieved August 23, 2007.

itis.gov

"Haliaeetus leucocephalus". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved June 21, 2007.

iucnredlist.org

BirdLife International (2016). "Haliaeetus leucocephalus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T22695144A93492523. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22695144A93492523.en. Retrieved November 19, 2021.

jstor.org

Andrew, J. M.; Mosher, J. A. (1982). "Bald Eagle nest site selection and nesting habitat in Maryland". Journal of Wildlife Management. 46 (2): 382–90. doi:10.2307/3808650. JSTOR 3808650.
Wood, P. B.; Edwards, T. C.; Collopy, M. W. (1989). "Characteristics of Bald Eagle nesting habitat in Florida". Journal of Wildlife Management. 53 (2): 441–449. doi:10.2307/3801148. JSTOR 3801148.
Swenson, J. E.; Alt, K. L.; Eng, R. L. (1986). "Ecology of Bald Eagles in the greater Yellowstone ecosystem". Wildlife Monographs. 95 (95): 3–46. JSTOR 3830668.
Todd, C. S.; Young, L. S.; Owen, R. B.; Gramlich, F. J. (1982). "Food habits of Bald Eagles in Maine". Journal of Wildlife Management. 46 (3): 636–45. doi:10.2307/3808554. JSTOR 3808554.
Broley, C. L. (1947). "Migration and nesting of Florida bald eagles". Wilson Bulletin. 59 (1): 3–20. JSTOR 4157540.
Todd, C. S.; et al. (1982). "Food habits of bald eagles in Maine". The Journal of Wildlife Management. 46 (3): 636–645. doi:10.2307/3808554. JSTOR 3808554.
Stalmaster, M. V.; Plettner, R. G. (1992). "Diets and foraging effectiveness of Bald Eagles during extreme winter weather in Nebraska". Journal of Wildlife Management. 56 (2): 355–67. doi:10.2307/3808835. JSTOR 3808835.
Dunstan, Thomas C.; Harper, James F. (1975). "Food Habits of Bald Eagles in North-Central Minnesota". The Journal of Wildlife Management. 39 (1): 140–143. doi:10.2307/3800476. JSTOR 3800476.
Jenkins, J.; Jackman, R. (1994). "Field Experiments in Prey Selection by Resident Bald Eagles in the Breeding and Non-Breeding Season". Journal of Field Ornithology. 65 (4): 441–46. JSTOR 20065848.
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