Balhae (English Wikipedia)

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Tsiporuha Mikhail Isaakovich (2017). "История тунгусских племен мохэ и государства Бохай" [The history of Mohé and Bohai Tungusic tribes]. Покорение Сибири. От Ермака до Беринга. Archived from the original on 13 June 2021. Retrieved 5 February 2019.

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Pang, Tina (3 November 2024). 海贸流珍:中国外销品中的风貌 [Maritime Trade Treasures: The Styles of Chinese Export Goods]. Xianggang da xue mei shu bo wu guan. ISBN 978-962-8038-52-7.
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Richard, Zgusta (2015). The Peoples of Northeast Asia through Time Precolonial Ethnic and Cultural Processes along the Coast between Hokkaido and the Bering Strait. BRILL. ISBN 978-90-04-30043-9.
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战继发 (2017). 黑龙江屯垦史（第1卷） [History of Land Reclamation in Heilongjiang (Volume 1)]. 北京: Social Sciences Literature Press. p. 53. ISBN 9787520113977.
이상각 (2014). 고려사 - 열정과 자존의 오백년 (in Korean). 들녘. ISBN 9791159250248. Retrieved 23 March 2018.
Rossabi 1983, p. 154. Rossabi, Morris (1983). China Among Equals: The Middle Kingdom and Its Neighbors, 10th-14th Centuries. University of California Press. ISBN 9780520045620.
박종기 (2015). "신화와 전설에 담긴 고려 왕실의 역사". 고려사의 재발견: 한반도 역사상 가장 개방적이고 역동적인 500년 고려 역사를 만나다 (in Korean). 휴머니스트. ISBN 9788958629023. Retrieved 13 March 2019.
Rossabi 1983, p. 323. Rossabi, Morris (1983). China Among Equals: The Middle Kingdom and Its Neighbors, 10th-14th Centuries. University of California Press. ISBN 9780520045620.
Lee 2010, p. 264. Lee, Peter H. (2010). Sourcebook of Korean Civilization: Volume One: From Early Times to the 16th Century. Columbia University Press. ISBN 9780231515290.
Bielenstein 2005, p. 213. Bielenstein, Hans (2005), Diplomacy and Trade in the Chinese World, 589-1276, BRILL, ISBN 9789047407614
Ueda takeshi (27 December 2001). 渤海使の研究. 明石書店. p. 126. ISBN 978-4750315072.
战继发 (2017). 黑龙江屯垦史（第1卷）. 北京: Social Sciences Literature Press. pp. 51–55. ISBN 9787520113977.
酒寄雅志 (March 2001). 渤海と古代の日本. 校倉書房. p. 16. ISBN 978-4751731703. 和書.
A Brief History of Korea. Ewha Womans University Press. January 2005. ISBN 9788973006199.

britannica.com

"Parhae | historical state, China and Korea". Encyclopedia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. Retrieved 13 March 2019.

bushoojapan.com

日本にも朝貢していた渤海国ってどんな国？唐や新羅に挟まれ、友好を求めて彼らは海を渡ってきた [What is Balhae that was talking to Japan as well? They were caught between Tang and Silla, they came across the ocean in search of friendship]. BUSHOO!JAPAN（武将ジャパン） (in Japanese). 2017. Retrieved 5 February 2019.

cnki.net

r.cnki.net

李殿福 (1994). "渤海咸和四年铭文佛龛考释" [An Examination and Interpretation of the Inscribed Buddhist Niche from the Fourth Year of Bohai's Xianhe Era]. 社会科学战线 (3).

cpbc.co.kr

m.cpbc.co.kr

Lee, Sang-Do. [평화칼럼] 발해 유민(遺民)과 꼬마 난민(難民) '쿠르디'. Catholic Peace Newspaper. Retrieved 8 February 2023.

cyberleninka.ru

Kradin Nikolai Nikolaevich (2018). "Динамика урбанизационных процессов в средневековых государствах Дальнего Востока" [Dynamics of urbanization processes in the medieval states of the Far East]. Siberian historical research. Retrieved 5 February 2019.
Stoyakin Maxim Aleksandrovich (2012). Культовая архитектура Бохайского времени в северной части Кореского Полуострова [Religious cult architecture of the Bohai time in the northern part of the Korean Peninsula]. BUDDHIST RELIGIOUS ARCHITECTURE OF PARHAE (BOHAI) LOCATED IN NORTHERN PART OF KOREAN PENINSULA (in Russian). Retrieved 5 February 2019.
"Буддийская культовая архитектура бохайского времени в северной части корейского полуострова".
About Zusak-khan front banner of the left wing of korchenov of the Qing dynasty
Polutov, Andrey Vadimovich (2014). "Государственный аппарат королевства Бохай" [State apparatus of the kingdom of Bohai]. Siberian historical research. Retrieved 7 February 2019.
Kim, Alexander Alekseevich (2013). "К ВОПРОСУ О ПОЛИТИЧЕСКОЙ СИТУАЦИИ В БОХАЕ В 720-Е ГГ" [On the issue of the political situation in Bohai in the 720s]. BHumanitarian research in Eastern Siberia and the Far East. Retrieved 5 February 2019.
"Влияние китайских натурфилософских пространственных моделей на формирование градостроительной культуры государства Бохай".
Ivliev, Alexander Lvovich (2014). Эпиграфические материалы Бохая и бохайского времени из Приморья [The epigraphic materials of the Bohai and Bohai times from Primorye]. Archeology, ethnography and culture (in Russian). Retrieved 5 February 2019.
"Эпиграфические материалы Бохая и бохайского времени из Приморья". Россия И Атр. 4 (86): 207–217. 2014.
о. в, Дьякова (2013). "Первая верительная грамота племён мохэ" [The first credential letter of the Mohe tribes.]. Общество И Государство В Китае. 43 (1): 151–154.
Gelman Evgenia Ivanovna (2006). Центр и периферия северо-восточной части государства Бохай [Center and periphery of northeastern part of Bohai state]. Story. Historical Sciences (in Russian). Retrieved 5 February 2019.
Kradin Nikolai Nikolaevich (2018). "Динамика Урбанизационных Процессов В Средневековых Государствах Дальнего Востока" [Dynamics of urbanization processes in medieval states of the Far east]. Siberian historical research. Retrieved 5 February 2019.
"Эпиграфические материалы Бохая и бохайского времени из Приморья" [Epigraphic materials of Bohai and the Bohai period from Primorye.]. cyberleninka.ru. Archived from the original on 15 June 2022. Retrieved 18 May 2025.
"Рецензия на книгу: Дьякова О. В. Государство Бохай: археология, история, политика москва: Наука, Восточная литература, 2014. 319 с" [Review of the book: Dyakova O. V. The Bohai State: Archaeology, History, Politics. Moscow: Nauka, Eastern Literature, 2014. 319 pages.]. cyberleninka.ru. Retrieved 18 May 2025.

dkyobobook.co.kr

scholar.dkyobobook.co.kr

Jeon, Young-Joon (28 February 2021). "10~12세기 고려의 渤海難民 수용과 주변국 同化政策*" [A Study on Korea's Accommodation of the Refugees from the Collapsed Kingdom of Balhae and Policy of Assimilating the Neighboring Nations in 10th~12th Centuries]. Society for Jeju Studies. 55: 27–53. doi:10.47520/jjs.2021.55.27. S2CID 233796106. Archived from the original on 6 December 2021. Retrieved 8 March 2022.

doi.org

Crossley, Pamela Kyle (2016). "Bohai/Parhae Identity and the Coherence of Dan gur under the Kitan/Liao Empire". International Journal of Korean History. 21 (1): 11–44. doi:10.22372/ijkh.2016.21.1.11.
Jeon, Young-Joon (28 February 2021). "10~12세기 고려의 渤海難民 수용과 주변국 同化政策*" [A Study on Korea's Accommodation of the Refugees from the Collapsed Kingdom of Balhae and Policy of Assimilating the Neighboring Nations in 10th~12th Centuries]. Society for Jeju Studies. 55: 27–53. doi:10.47520/jjs.2021.55.27. S2CID 233796106. Archived from the original on 6 December 2021. Retrieved 8 March 2022.
Jesse D, Sloane (2014). "Mapping a Stateless Nation: "Bohai" Identity in the Twelfth to Fourteenth Centuries". Journal of Song-Yuan Studies. 44: 365–403. doi:10.1353/sys.2014.0003. S2CID 164130734.
Vovin, Alexander (2017), "Koreanic loanwords in Khitan and their importance in the decipherment of the latter" (PDF), Acta Orientalia Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae, 70 (2): 207–215, doi:10.1556/062.2017.70.2.4

donga.com

"Eruption of Mt. Baekdu and collapse of Balhae". The Dong-A Ilbo. 3 April 2015. Retrieved 27 March 2020.

evenkiteka.ru

"Государство Бохай и памятники его культуры в Приморье — книга Эрнста Шавкунова в Эвенкитеке" [The Bohai State and the Monuments of Its Culture in Primorye — a book by Ernst Shavkunov in Evenkiteka.]. www.evenkiteka.ru. Retrieved 18 May 2025.

google.ca

Lee, Ki-baik (1988). A New History of Korea. Edward W. Wagner, Edward J. Schultz. Cambridge. pp. 90–91. ISBN 978-0-674-25526-5. OCLC 1203951892.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)

handle.net

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Yuzawa, Tadayuki (1997). "八、九世紀東アジアにおける外交用言語；日本・渤海間を中心として". 文芸言語研究言語篇. 31: 56–80. hdl:2241/13640.

harvard.edu

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Kim, Alexander Alexeyvich (2014). "The problem of understanding of the political status of Bohai state" (PDF). Harvard Library.

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9 Balhae and Japan Archived 26 June 2015 at the Wayback Machine Northeast Asian History Foundation

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Jesse D, Sloane (2014). "Mapping a Stateless Nation: "Bohai" Identity in the Twelfth to Fourteenth Centuries". Journal of Song-Yuan Studies. 44: 365–403. doi:10.1353/sys.2014.0003. S2CID 164130734.

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이기환 (22 June 2015). [여적]태조 왕건이 낙타를 굶겨죽인 까닭 [[Editorial] The Reason Why Taejo Wang Geon Starved a Camel to Death]. Kyunghyang Shinmun (in Korean). Retrieved 13 March 2019.
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발해멸망과 백두산 화산폭발 [The Fall of Bohai and the Mt.]. Khan.co (in Korean). 30 May 2012.

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Ogata, Noboru. "Shangjing Longquanfu, the Capital of the Bohai (Parhae) State" Archived 27 July 2018 at the Wayback Machine. Kyoto University. 12 January 2007. Retrieved 10 November 2011.
Ogata, Noboru. "A Study of the City Planning System of the Ancient Bohai State Using Satellite Photos (Summary)" Archived 3 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine. Jinbun Chiri. Vol.52, No.2. 2000. pp.129 – 148. Retrieved 10 November 2011.

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"渤海の遼東地域の領有問題をめぐって : 拂涅・越喜・鉄利等靺鞨の故地と関連して" (PDF). Kyushu University Institutional Repository. 2003.

mtak.hu

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Alexander lvliev (2007). "Balhae studies in Russia". Northeast asian history foundation. Archived from the original on 13 February 2021. Retrieved 24 February 2019.

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История государства Бохай [History of the Bohai State]. www.rezerv.narod.ru (in Russian). Retrieved 18 May 2025.

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"「渤海と古代の日本」" [Bohai and Ancient Japan] (PDF). 2010 年度第 6 回日本海学講座. 酒寄雅志.

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Jeon, Young-Joon (28 February 2021). "10~12세기 고려의 渤海難民 수용과 주변국 同化政策*" [A Study on Korea's Accommodation of the Refugees from the Collapsed Kingdom of Balhae and Policy of Assimilating the Neighboring Nations in 10th~12th Centuries]. Society for Jeju Studies. 55: 27–53. doi:10.47520/jjs.2021.55.27. S2CID 233796106. Archived from the original on 6 December 2021. Retrieved 8 March 2022.
Jesse D, Sloane (2014). "Mapping a Stateless Nation: "Bohai" Identity in the Twelfth to Fourteenth Centuries". Journal of Song-Yuan Studies. 44: 365–403. doi:10.1353/sys.2014.0003. S2CID 164130734.

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"Asiatic Art". Ohara Museum of Art. Archived from the original on 21 December 2015.
Uwitchett, Denis. Chen gui and Other Works Attributed to Empress Wu Zetian (PDF). p. 20. Archived (PDF) from the original on 25 October 2020. Retrieved 29 August 2020.
Tsiporuha Mikhail Isaakovich (2017). "История тунгусских племен мохэ и государства Бохай" [The history of Mohé and Bohai Tungusic tribes]. Покорение Сибири. От Ермака до Беринга. Archived from the original on 13 June 2021. Retrieved 5 February 2019.
9 Balhae and Japan Archived 26 June 2015 at the Wayback Machine Northeast Asian History Foundation
Jeon, Young-Joon (28 February 2021). "10~12세기 고려의 渤海難民 수용과 주변국 同化政策*" [A Study on Korea's Accommodation of the Refugees from the Collapsed Kingdom of Balhae and Policy of Assimilating the Neighboring Nations in 10th~12th Centuries]. Society for Jeju Studies. 55: 27–53. doi:10.47520/jjs.2021.55.27. S2CID 233796106. Archived from the original on 6 December 2021. Retrieved 8 March 2022.
Alexander lvliev (2007). "Balhae studies in Russia". Northeast asian history foundation. Archived from the original on 13 February 2021. Retrieved 24 February 2019.
Ogata, Noboru. "Shangjing Longquanfu, the Capital of the Bohai (Parhae) State" Archived 27 July 2018 at the Wayback Machine. Kyoto University. 12 January 2007. Retrieved 10 November 2011.
Ogata, Noboru. "A Study of the City Planning System of the Ancient Bohai State Using Satellite Photos (Summary)" Archived 3 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine. Jinbun Chiri. Vol.52, No.2. 2000. pp.129 – 148. Retrieved 10 November 2011.
"新靺鞨". kamakuratoday (in Japanese). Archived from the original on 3 November 2020. Retrieved 17 September 2019.
"Эпиграфические материалы Бохая и бохайского времени из Приморья" [Epigraphic materials of Bohai and the Bohai period from Primorye.]. cyberleninka.ru. Archived from the original on 15 June 2022. Retrieved 18 May 2025.
"The Silent Sea". Netflix. Archived from the original on 4 November 1999.

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Old Book of Tang, Original: 渤海靺鞨大祚榮者，本高麗別種也. Link

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Lee, Ki-baik (1988). A New History of Korea. Edward W. Wagner, Edward J. Schultz. Cambridge. pp. 90–91. ISBN 978-0-674-25526-5. OCLC 1203951892.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)

y-history.net

"渤海／海東の盛国" [The Prosperous Kingdom of Bohai/Haedong]. www.y-history.net. Retrieved 18 May 2025.
渤海／海東の盛国 (in Japanese).