Živković 2012, pp.144–145 (I):The title of ban is probably close to the personal name of Bayan (Avar) and could be of Turkic origin; cf. DAI II, 121. However, the title of ban among the Avars has never been attested to in historical sources, only qagan. It is probable that ban was a military commander of a high rank, similar to that of tudun mentioned in the ARF in 795, 796, 811; cf. ARF, 96, 98, 135. An Iranian origin of this word should not be ruled out – ban = keeper, guard; cf. H. G. Lunt, Old Church Slavonic Grammar, Berlin 2001, 256. Whether the Avars introduced this title into Europe, or the Croats and the Serbs (due to their highly probable Iranian origin) remains yet to be solved. Živković, Tibor (2012). De conversione Croatorum et Serborum: A Lost Source. Belgrade: The Institute of History.
Živković 2012, pp.51, 117–118: pg. 51 "It must be the case then that the anonymous author of Constantine’s major source on the Croats was the same one who wrote that the Avars lived in Dalmatia, since he overstretched Dalmatia as far as up to Danube to be able to include the territory of Lower Pannonia recorded in the DCBC. It was then this same anonymous author who made this confusion about the Avars living in Dalmatia, not Constantine." Živković, Tibor (2012). De conversione Croatorum et Serborum: A Lost Source. Belgrade: The Institute of History.
Sokol 2008, pp.185–187. Sokol, Vladimir (2008), "Starohrvatska ostruga iz Brušana u Lic: Neki rani povijesni aspekti prostora Like – problem banata" [An early Croatian spur from Brušani in Lika: Some early historical aspects of the Lika region - the "banat" problem], "Arheološka istraživanja u Lici" i "Arheologija peći i krša" Gospić, 16.-19. listopada 2007., vol.23, Zagreb-Gospić: Izdanja Hrvatskog arheološkog društva, pp.183–199
Sakač 1939, pp.396–397 (I): Paul Horn was a german philologist of Iranian and Turkish languages. In his Grundriss der neupersischen Etymologie (Strassburg, 1893) cited the word "ban" with the meaning of "Herr" (master), and added it never comes alone in that form. J. J. P. Desmaison was a French diplomat and didactic director who lived and worked in Russia. In his Dictionnaire Persan-Français (Rome, 1903) cited; بان bàn, seigneur, maitre, homme illustre, chef (lord, master, illustrious man, chief); bân, ajouté à un mot signifie (as supplement can also mean), garde (guard), gardien (guardian), ex. bàgh-bân, jardinier (gardener); der-bân, portier (gatekeeper), and in the third edition cited the title merz-bân (boundary guardian, principality guvernour, guardian). Sakač, Krizin Stjepan (1939), "Odkud Hrvatima Ban?"[From where Croatians Ban?], Obnovljeni Život (in Croatian), 20 (7)
