Barnum effect (English Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Barnum effect" in English language version.

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8doi.org

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4web.archive.org

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3nih.gov

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3semanticscholar.org

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2denisdutton.com

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2psychologytoday.com

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2fullerton.edu

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1britannica.com

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1apa.org

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1arizona.edu

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apa.org

dictionary.apa.org

"Barnum Effect". APA Dictionary of Psychology. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. n.d. Retrieved December 31, 2021. The effect was termed the fallacy of personal validation by U.S. psychologist Bertram Robin Forer (1914–2000), who first studied it in 1949.

arizona.edu

apsychoserver.psych.arizona.edu

Forer, B. R. (1949). "The fallacy of personal validation: A classroom demonstration of gullibility" (PDF). Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology. 44 (1): 118–123. doi:10.1037/h0059240. PMID 18110193. Archived (PDF) from the original on March 5, 2016.

britannica.com

"Barnum Effect". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved February 14, 2018.

denisdutton.com

Dutton, D. L. (1988). "The cold reading technique". Experientia. 44 (4): 326–332. doi:10.1007/BF01961271. PMID 3360083. S2CID 2382430. Archived from the original on January 14, 2020. Retrieved November 28, 2012.
Dutton, Denis (1988). "The Cold Reading Technique". Experientia. 44 (4). Denis Dutton: 326–332. doi:10.1007/BF01961271. PMID 3360083. S2CID 2382430. Archived from the original on January 14, 2020. Retrieved February 26, 2017.

doi.org

Meehl, Paul E. (1956). "Wanted – A Good Cookbook". American Psychologist. 11 (6): 263–272. doi:10.1037/h0044164.
Dutton, D. L. (1988). "The cold reading technique". Experientia. 44 (4): 326–332. doi:10.1007/BF01961271. PMID 3360083. S2CID 2382430. Archived from the original on January 14, 2020. Retrieved November 28, 2012.
Tobacyk, Jerome; Milford, Gary; Springer, Thomas; Tobacyk, Zofia (June 10, 2010). "Paranormal Beliefs and the Barnum Effect". Journal of Personality Assessment. 52 (4): 737–739. doi:10.1207/s15327752jpa5204_13.
Stagner, Ross (September 1, 1958). "The Gullibility of Personnel Managers". Personnel Psychology. 11 (3): 347–352. doi:10.1111/j.1744-6570.1958.tb00022.x. ISSN 1744-6570.
Dutton, Denis (1988). "The Cold Reading Technique". Experientia. 44 (4). Denis Dutton: 326–332. doi:10.1007/BF01961271. PMID 3360083. S2CID 2382430. Archived from the original on January 14, 2020. Retrieved February 26, 2017.
Forer, B. R. (1949). "The fallacy of personal validation: A classroom demonstration of gullibility" (PDF). Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology. 44 (1): 118–123. doi:10.1037/h0059240. PMID 18110193. Archived (PDF) from the original on March 5, 2016.
Claridge, G.; Clark, K.; Powney, E.; Hassan, E. (2008). "Schizotypy and the Barnum effect". Personality and Individual Differences. 44 (2): 436–444. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2007.09.006.
Dickson, D. H.; Kelly, I. W. (1985). "The 'Barnum Effect' in Personality Assessment: A Review of the Literature". Psychological Reports. 57 (1): 367–382. doi:10.2466/pr0.1985.57.2.367. S2CID 145434649.

fullerton.edu

psych.fullerton.edu

Michael H. Birnbaum. "The Barnum Demonstration". Psych 101 Web Site for Introductory Psychology. CSUF Psychology Department. Retrieved February 14, 2018.
"The Barnum Effect". California State University, Fullerton. Retrieved February 28, 2017.

nih.gov

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Dutton, D. L. (1988). "The cold reading technique". Experientia. 44 (4): 326–332. doi:10.1007/BF01961271. PMID 3360083. S2CID 2382430. Archived from the original on January 14, 2020. Retrieved November 28, 2012.
Dutton, Denis (1988). "The Cold Reading Technique". Experientia. 44 (4). Denis Dutton: 326–332. doi:10.1007/BF01961271. PMID 3360083. S2CID 2382430. Archived from the original on January 14, 2020. Retrieved February 26, 2017.
Forer, B. R. (1949). "The fallacy of personal validation: A classroom demonstration of gullibility" (PDF). Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology. 44 (1): 118–123. doi:10.1037/h0059240. PMID 18110193. Archived (PDF) from the original on March 5, 2016.

psychologytoday.com

Adrian Furnham (November 21, 2014). "We've Got Something for Everyone: The Barnum Effect". Psychology Today. Retrieved February 25, 2017.
Krauss-Whitbourne, Susan (August 10, 2010). "When it comes to personality tests, skepticism is a good thing". Psychology Today. Retrieved November 25, 2012.

semanticscholar.org

api.semanticscholar.org

Dutton, D. L. (1988). "The cold reading technique". Experientia. 44 (4): 326–332. doi:10.1007/BF01961271. PMID 3360083. S2CID 2382430. Archived from the original on January 14, 2020. Retrieved November 28, 2012.
Dutton, Denis (1988). "The Cold Reading Technique". Experientia. 44 (4). Denis Dutton: 326–332. doi:10.1007/BF01961271. PMID 3360083. S2CID 2382430. Archived from the original on January 14, 2020. Retrieved February 26, 2017.
Dickson, D. H.; Kelly, I. W. (1985). "The 'Barnum Effect' in Personality Assessment: A Review of the Literature". Psychological Reports. 57 (1): 367–382. doi:10.2466/pr0.1985.57.2.367. S2CID 145434649.

skepdic.com

Carroll, Robert. "Barnum effect". The Skeptic's Dictionary. Retrieved February 26, 2017.

typepad.com

thearticulateceo.typepad.com

Rutledge, Brett (2012). "Something for Everyone – The Barnum Effect". The Articulate CEO. Archived from the original on June 12, 2013. Retrieved November 25, 2012.

web.archive.org

Dutton, D. L. (1988). "The cold reading technique". Experientia. 44 (4): 326–332. doi:10.1007/BF01961271. PMID 3360083. S2CID 2382430. Archived from the original on January 14, 2020. Retrieved November 28, 2012.
Dutton, Denis (1988). "The Cold Reading Technique". Experientia. 44 (4). Denis Dutton: 326–332. doi:10.1007/BF01961271. PMID 3360083. S2CID 2382430. Archived from the original on January 14, 2020. Retrieved February 26, 2017.
Forer, B. R. (1949). "The fallacy of personal validation: A classroom demonstration of gullibility" (PDF). Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology. 44 (1): 118–123. doi:10.1037/h0059240. PMID 18110193. Archived (PDF) from the original on March 5, 2016.
Rutledge, Brett (2012). "Something for Everyone – The Barnum Effect". The Articulate CEO. Archived from the original on June 12, 2013. Retrieved November 25, 2012.

worldcat.org

Stagner, Ross (September 1, 1958). "The Gullibility of Personnel Managers". Personnel Psychology. 11 (3): 347–352. doi:10.1111/j.1744-6570.1958.tb00022.x. ISSN 1744-6570.