Weeks, David; Gorman, Robert (2015). "15: Fans". Death at the Ballpark: More Than 2,000 Game-Related Fatalities of Players, Other Personnel and Spectators in Amateur and Professional Baseball, 1862–2014 (2nd ed.). McFarland. pp. 151–161. ISBN9780786479320. Retrieved March 15, 2019.
Maisonave v. Newark Bears, 881 A.2d 700, 708–709 (N.J. 2005) ("[W]e recognize that, since the birth of the baseball rule, 'both sports and tort law have undergone massive transformations.'").
Turner v. Mandalay Sports Entertainment LLC, 180 P.3d 1172 (Nev. 2008).
Lowe v. California League of Professional Baseball, 56 Cal.App.4th 112 (Cal.App. 4th Dist., Div. 2 1997).
Moulas v. PBC Productions, 213 Wis.2d 406, 420 (Wisc.App. 1997) ("Because the risks associated with hockey should be known to the reasonable person attending a game, because Moulas was aware of the risk, and because she chose to attend despite her knowledge and the warnings espoused, we conclude that summary judgment was appropriate.").
Costa v. Boston Red Sox Baseball Club, 61 Mass.App.Ct. 299, 300 (Mass.App. 2004) ("Moreover, avoiding injury from a ball hit into the stands sometimes may be close to impossible. According to a professor of engineering retained by the plaintiff, the plaintiff had virtually no time to react to the ball that came her way. He determined, with the help of a range finder, that the distance from the plaintiff's seat to home plate was forty-seven yards, or 141 feet. By analyzing a videotape of the game, he also determined that the minimum speed of the baseball at the time it struck the plaintiff was ninety miles per hour, or 132 feet per second. Thus, he concluded, the plaintiff had no more than 1.07 seconds from the time Lewis hit the ball to take evasive action.").
