Motta, P.J.; Wilga, C.D. (2001). "Advances in the study of feeding behaviors, mechanisms, and mechanics of sharks". Environmental Biology of Fishes. 60 (1–3): 131–56. doi:10.1023/A:1007649900712. S2CID28305317.
"Reproduction overall". Risk Section, Bedford Institute of Oceanography & Marine Fish Species. Canadian Shark Research Lab. Skates and rays of Atlantic Canada. Northwest Atlantic Fisheries Center. Archived from the original on 16 January 2015. Retrieved 27 May 2012.
Motta, P.J.; Wilga, C.D. (2001). "Advances in the study of feeding behaviors, mechanisms, and mechanics of sharks". Environmental Biology of Fishes. 60 (1–3): 131–56. doi:10.1023/A:1007649900712. S2CID28305317.
"Reproduction overall". Risk Section, Bedford Institute of Oceanography & Marine Fish Species. Canadian Shark Research Lab. Skates and rays of Atlantic Canada. Northwest Atlantic Fisheries Center. Archived from the original on 16 January 2015. Retrieved 27 May 2012.