Battle of Cartagena de Indias (English Wikipedia)

Beatson 1804, Vol. III, pp. 25–27.
Browning 1993, p. 60, gives a total overall strength as perhaps 30,000 men. Beatson, Robert (1804). Naval and Military Memoirs of Great Britain, from 1727 to 1783. (in six volumes). London: Longman, Hurst, Rees and Orme. Browning, Reed (1993). The War of the Austrian Succession. New York City: St. Martin's Press. ISBN 978-0312094836.
Beatson 1804, Vol. III, pp. 25–26, gives Royal Navy crews total of 15,398—he does not give crew totals for the 135 transports and supply ships which likely numbered 3000 to 5000, Reed Browning's estimate of 30,000 for the total force would leave a balance of some 2600 for transport crews. Hume 1825, pp. 108–113, "The conjoined squadrons consisted of nine and twenty ships of the line...The number of seamen amounted to 15,000: that of land forces...12,000." Samuel 1923, pp. 236–242, 'Admiral Vernon, "...now reinforced by twenty-five ships of the line and 9,000 soldiers...". Beatson, Robert (1804). Naval and Military Memoirs of Great Britain, from 1727 to 1783. (in six volumes). London: Longman, Hurst, Rees and Orme. Hume, David (1825). The History of England. London. Samuel, Arthur Michael (1923). The Mancroft Essays. Jonathan Cape.
Geggus, David (1979). "Yellow Fever in the 1790s: The British Army in occupied Saint Domingue". Medical History. 23 (1): 50. doi:10.1017/S0025727300051012. PMC 1082398. PMID 368468., "... of the 12,000 British and Americans who laid siege to Cartagena in 1741 seventy percent perished, including seventy-seven per cent of the British." therefore: 8,400 from yellow fever alone, over 6,000 British soldiers at the siege.
Similarly, Harbron 2004, p. 108, "...yellow fever ... killed perhaps 9,000 sailors and troops in the British forces.".
Hart 1922, p. 151. "So great were the losses to the troops through disease and battle that not over one third of the land troops appear to have returned with the fleet to Jamaica." This would indicate considerably more than 8,000 dead.
Likewise, Coxe 1815, p. 24 states that Havana is attacked by "...3,000 men, the discouraged and exhausted remnant of the troops which had been repulsed at Cartagena ...". Coxe also gives the overall loss of the expedition during the campaign as 20,000 lives lost.
Beatson 1804, Vol. I, p. 111, gives the army's strength as down to 3,000 in Jamaica. Harbron, John D. (2004). Trafalgar and the Spanish navy. Naval Institute Press. ISBN 978-0870216954. Hart, Francis Russel (1922). Admirals of the Caribbean. Boston: Houghton Mifflin. Coxe, William (1815). Memoirs of the kings of Spain of the House of Bourbon, from the Accession of Philip V to the Death of Charles III. Vol. 3. London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme and Brown. Beatson, Robert (1804). Naval and Military Memoirs of Great Britain, from 1727 to 1783. (in six volumes). London: Longman, Hurst, Rees and Orme.
Duncan, Francis (1879). History of the Royal Regiment of Artillery. In two volumes – Vol. 1. London: John Murray. p. 123. Archived from the original on 13 March 2024. Retrieved 10 February 2021.,"...so reduced was this force in two years by disaster and disease, that not a tenth part returned to England...'thus ended in shame, disappointment, and loss, the most important, most expensive, and best concerted expedition that Great Britain was ever engaged in'...". So too, Fortescue 1899, p. 76. "Of the regiments that had sailed from St. Helen's under Cathcart in all the pride and confidence of strength, nine in every ten had perished.". Fortescue, John William (1899). A History of the British Army. Vol. II 1713–1763. London: MacMillan.
Richmond 1920, p. 2. Richmond, Herbert William (1920). The navy in the war of 1739–48. The Cambridge Naval and Military Series. Vol. 1. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1107611641.
Harbron, John D. (1998). Trafalgar and the Spanish navy. Conway Maritime Press. p. 3. ISBN 0-87021-695-3.
Beatson 1804, Vol. III, p. 17, 3 ships: 70 guns, 2 ships: 60 guns, 1 ship: 50 guns. Beatson, Robert (1804). Naval and Military Memoirs of Great Britain, from 1727 to 1783. (in six volumes). London: Longman, Hurst, Rees and Orme.
Richmond 1920, p. 12. Richmond, Herbert William (1920). The navy in the war of 1739–48. The Cambridge Naval and Military Series. Vol. 1. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1107611641.
Le Fevre & Harding 2000, pp. 163–164. Le Fevre, Peter; Harding, Richard, eds. (2000). Precursors of Nelson: British admirals of the eighteenth century. Stackpole Books. ISBN 978-0811729017.
Richmond 1920, p. 101. Richmond, Herbert William (1920). The navy in the war of 1739–48. The Cambridge Naval and Military Series. Vol. 1. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1107611641.
Pares 1963, pp. 66, 68, 92–93. Also, Le Fevre & Harding 2000, p. 168, "...by taking and holding some of her (Spain's) important colonies.". Similarly, Richmond 1920, p. 16. Pares, Richard (1963). War and Trade in the West Indies 1739–1763. Frank Cass & Co. ISBN 0714619434. Le Fevre, Peter; Harding, Richard, eds. (2000). Precursors of Nelson: British admirals of the eighteenth century. Stackpole Books. ISBN 978-0811729017. Richmond, Herbert William (1920). The navy in the war of 1739–48. The Cambridge Naval and Military Series. Vol. 1. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1107611641.
Beatson 1804, Vol. III, pp. 24–25. Beatson, Robert (1804). Naval and Military Memoirs of Great Britain, from 1727 to 1783. (in six volumes). London: Longman, Hurst, Rees and Orme.
Hume, David. The History of England, London, 1825, p. 109, "...with an equal number of frigates, fire ships, and bomb ketches...". When compared with a nearly contemporary amphibious expedition described in Pritchard 1995, p. 4 as: 10 ships of the line, 45 troop transports and some 10,000 sailors and soldiers it can be seen that Vernon's fleet has nearly three times as many ships of the line and nearly three times the soldiers and sailors and that by analogy Vernon's fleet would have around three times the total ships or more, i.e. at least 165 ships. Pritchard, James (1995). Anatomy of a Naval Disaster: The 1746 French Expedition to North America. McGill-Queen's University Press. ISBN 978-0773513259.
Richmond 1920, p. 101, "... regiments miscalled marines ..." not the marine contingents of warships therefore. Richmond, Herbert William (1920). The navy in the war of 1739–48. The Cambridge Naval and Military Series. Vol. 1. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1107611641.
Fortescue 1899, p. 62, "The fleet was very sickly...".
Baugh 2002, p. 140: "The worst naval typhus epidemic of the century occurred between August 1739 and October 1740 ... 25,000 fell ill and were sent to hospital ships, sick quarters and hospitals; of these, 2750 died and 1965 deserted." This represents over 50% of the seamen employed by the Navy at that time.
Similarly, Rodger 2005, p. 308, "A serious epidemic [of typhus] over the hard winters of 1739–41 wrecked the Navy's mobilization, with men falling sick faster than they could be recruited." Typhus was generally a cold weather disease. Fortescue, John William (1899). A History of the British Army. Vol. II 1713–1763. London: MacMillan. Baugh, Daniel A. (2002). "The Eighteenth-Century Navy as a National Institution 1690–1815". In Hill, J.R.; Ranft, Bryan (eds.). The Oxford illustrated history of the Royal Navy. Oxford Univ. Press. ISBN 0198605277. Rodger, Nicholas Andrew Martin (2005). The Command of the Ocean: A Naval History of Britain, 1649–1815. W.W. Norton. ISBN 978-0393060508.
Krimmin, Patriaca Kathleen (2007). "British Naval Health, 1700–1800, Improvement over time?". In Hudson, Geoffrey L. (ed.). British military and naval medicine, 1600–1830. Amsterdam / New York City: Rodopi. p. 184. ISBN 978-9042022720. The Sick and Hurt Board recorded nearly 10,000 men sick ashore in England alone in 1740.
Rodger 2005, pp. 160–161.
Fortescue 1899, p. 68.
Baugh 2002, pp. 140–141 Rodger, Nicholas Andrew Martin (2005). The Command of the Ocean: A Naval History of Britain, 1649–1815. W.W. Norton. ISBN 978-0393060508. Fortescue, John William (1899). A History of the British Army. Vol. II 1713–1763. London: MacMillan. Baugh, Daniel A. (2002). "The Eighteenth-Century Navy as a National Institution 1690–1815". In Hill, J.R.; Ranft, Bryan (eds.). The Oxford illustrated history of the Royal Navy. Oxford Univ. Press. ISBN 0198605277.
Dull 2009, p. 46, "... more than a third of them were needed to fill out the crews...". Also, Le Fevre & Harding 2000, p. 169. Dull, Jonathan R. (2009). The Age of the Ship of the Line: The British and French Navies, 1650–1815. University of Nebraska Press. ISBN 978-0803219304. Le Fevre, Peter; Harding, Richard, eds. (2000). Precursors of Nelson: British admirals of the eighteenth century. Stackpole Books. ISBN 978-0811729017.
Smollett & Roscoe 1844, p. 606 Smollett, Tobias; Roscoe, Thomas (1844). The miscellaneous works of Tobias Smollett. London: Henry G. Bohn. Contains Smollett's long version of "Expedition to Carthagena", pp. 603–611
Beatson 1804, Vol. II, pp. 93–84. Also, Clowes, W. Laird. The Royal Navy, a history from the earliest times to present, London, 1898, Vol. III, pp. 71–72. Smollett & Roscoe 1844, 606 Beatson, Robert (1804). Naval and Military Memoirs of Great Britain, from 1727 to 1783. (in six volumes). London: Longman, Hurst, Rees and Orme. Smollett, Tobias; Roscoe, Thomas (1844). The miscellaneous works of Tobias Smollett. London: Henry G. Bohn. Contains Smollett's long version of "Expedition to Carthagena", pp. 603–611
Fortescue 1899, pp. 66–69.
Beatson 1804, Vol. I, p. 101 Fortescue, John William (1899). A History of the British Army. Vol. II 1713–1763. London: MacMillan. Beatson, Robert (1804). Naval and Military Memoirs of Great Britain, from 1727 to 1783. (in six volumes). London: Longman, Hurst, Rees and Orme.
Knowles, Charles (1743). An Account of the expedition to Carthagena. London: M. Cooper. p. 45. Similarly, The Gentleman's Magazine, Vol. 11, 1741, p. 331. Also, Fortescue 1899, p. 72. Fortescue, John William (1899). A History of the British Army. Vol. II 1713–1763. London: MacMillan.
Baugh 2002, p. 141, "In early 1742, only 3,000 of 6,600 on Sir Chanon Ogle's large West India squadron were fit for duty.". Baugh, Daniel A. (2002). "The Eighteenth-Century Navy as a National Institution 1690–1815". In Hill, J.R.; Ranft, Bryan (eds.). The Oxford illustrated history of the Royal Navy. Oxford Univ. Press. ISBN 0198605277.

clanmacfarlanegenealogy.info

"Col. John Grant, of Carron". Clan MacFarlane and associated clans genealogy. Archived from the original on 14 March 2023. Retrieved 6 April 2020.

doi.org

Geggus, David (1979). "Yellow Fever in the 1790s: The British Army in occupied Saint Domingue". Medical History. 23 (1): 50. doi:10.1017/S0025727300051012. PMC 1082398. PMID 368468., "... of the 12,000 British and Americans who laid siege to Cartagena in 1741 seventy percent perished, including seventy-seven per cent of the British." therefore: 8,400 from yellow fever alone, over 6,000 British soldiers at the siege.
Similarly, Harbron 2004, p. 108, "...yellow fever ... killed perhaps 9,000 sailors and troops in the British forces.".
Hart 1922, p. 151. "So great were the losses to the troops through disease and battle that not over one third of the land troops appear to have returned with the fleet to Jamaica." This would indicate considerably more than 8,000 dead.
Likewise, Coxe 1815, p. 24 states that Havana is attacked by "...3,000 men, the discouraged and exhausted remnant of the troops which had been repulsed at Cartagena ...". Coxe also gives the overall loss of the expedition during the campaign as 20,000 lives lost.
Beatson 1804, Vol. I, p. 111, gives the army's strength as down to 3,000 in Jamaica. Harbron, John D. (2004). Trafalgar and the Spanish navy. Naval Institute Press. ISBN 978-0870216954. Hart, Francis Russel (1922). Admirals of the Caribbean. Boston: Houghton Mifflin. Coxe, William (1815). Memoirs of the kings of Spain of the House of Bourbon, from the Accession of Philip V to the Death of Charles III. Vol. 3. London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme and Brown. Beatson, Robert (1804). Naval and Military Memoirs of Great Britain, from 1727 to 1783. (in six volumes). London: Longman, Hurst, Rees and Orme.

grandesbatallas.es

"The Battle of Cartagena de Indias". Grandes Batallas. Archived from the original on 20 April 2017. Retrieved 22 January 2017.

gutenberg.org

Duncan, Francis (1879). History of the Royal Regiment of Artillery. In two volumes – Vol. 1. London: John Murray. p. 123. Archived from the original on 13 March 2024. Retrieved 10 February 2021.,"...so reduced was this force in two years by disaster and disease, that not a tenth part returned to England...'thus ended in shame, disappointment, and loss, the most important, most expensive, and best concerted expedition that Great Britain was ever engaged in'...". So too, Fortescue 1899, p. 76. "Of the regiments that had sailed from St. Helen's under Cathcart in all the pride and confidence of strength, nine in every ten had perished.". Fortescue, John William (1899). A History of the British Army. Vol. II 1713–1763. London: MacMillan.
Fortescue 1899, pp. 72–79, gives a detailed account of the rapid and devastating withering away of the land forces to disease. Fortescue, John William (1899). A History of the British Army. Vol. II 1713–1763. London: MacMillan.
Fortescue 1899, p. 62, "The fleet was very sickly...".
Baugh 2002, p. 140: "The worst naval typhus epidemic of the century occurred between August 1739 and October 1740 ... 25,000 fell ill and were sent to hospital ships, sick quarters and hospitals; of these, 2750 died and 1965 deserted." This represents over 50% of the seamen employed by the Navy at that time.
Similarly, Rodger 2005, p. 308, "A serious epidemic [of typhus] over the hard winters of 1739–41 wrecked the Navy's mobilization, with men falling sick faster than they could be recruited." Typhus was generally a cold weather disease. Fortescue, John William (1899). A History of the British Army. Vol. II 1713–1763. London: MacMillan. Baugh, Daniel A. (2002). "The Eighteenth-Century Navy as a National Institution 1690–1815". In Hill, J.R.; Ranft, Bryan (eds.). The Oxford illustrated history of the Royal Navy. Oxford Univ. Press. ISBN 0198605277. Rodger, Nicholas Andrew Martin (2005). The Command of the Ocean: A Naval History of Britain, 1649–1815. W.W. Norton. ISBN 978-0393060508.
Fortescue 1899, pp. 61–62. Fortescue, John William (1899). A History of the British Army. Vol. II 1713–1763. London: MacMillan.
Fortescue 1899, p. 62. Fortescue, John William (1899). A History of the British Army. Vol. II 1713–1763. London: MacMillan.
Rodger 2005, pp. 160–161.
Fortescue 1899, p. 68.
Baugh 2002, pp. 140–141 Rodger, Nicholas Andrew Martin (2005). The Command of the Ocean: A Naval History of Britain, 1649–1815. W.W. Norton. ISBN 978-0393060508. Fortescue, John William (1899). A History of the British Army. Vol. II 1713–1763. London: MacMillan. Baugh, Daniel A. (2002). "The Eighteenth-Century Navy as a National Institution 1690–1815". In Hill, J.R.; Ranft, Bryan (eds.). The Oxford illustrated history of the Royal Navy. Oxford Univ. Press. ISBN 0198605277.
Fortescue 1899, p. 66. Fortescue, John William (1899). A History of the British Army. Vol. II 1713–1763. London: MacMillan.
Fortescue 1899, pp. 66–69.
Beatson 1804, Vol. I, p. 101 Fortescue, John William (1899). A History of the British Army. Vol. II 1713–1763. London: MacMillan. Beatson, Robert (1804). Naval and Military Memoirs of Great Britain, from 1727 to 1783. (in six volumes). London: Longman, Hurst, Rees and Orme.
Fortescue 1899, p. 67.
Beatson 1804, Vol. I, p. 102. Fortescue, John William (1899). A History of the British Army. Vol. II 1713–1763. London: MacMillan. Beatson, Robert (1804). Naval and Military Memoirs of Great Britain, from 1727 to 1783. (in six volumes). London: Longman, Hurst, Rees and Orme.
Fortescue 1899, p. 70. Fortescue, John William (1899). A History of the British Army. Vol. II 1713–1763. London: MacMillan.
Knowles, Charles (1743). An Account of the expedition to Carthagena. London: M. Cooper. p. 45. Similarly, The Gentleman's Magazine, Vol. 11, 1741, p. 331. Also, Fortescue 1899, p. 72. Fortescue, John William (1899). A History of the British Army. Vol. II 1713–1763. London: MacMillan.
Smollett & Hume 1848, p. 394, "...each proved more eager for the disgrace of his rival than zealous for the honour of the nation." Also, Fortescue 1899, p. 79,"Nevertheless, it was Vernon who was mainly responsible for the fatal friction between the army and the navy.". Smollett, Tobias George; Hume, David (1848). History of England. Vol. II. London. Fortescue, John William (1899). A History of the British Army. Vol. II 1713–1763. London: MacMillan.
Fortescue 1899, pp. 73–74.
Similarly, Hart 1922, p. 151, "So great were the losses to the troops through disease and battle that not over one third of the land troops appear to have returned with the fleet to Jamaica.". Fortescue, John William (1899). A History of the British Army. Vol. II 1713–1763. London: MacMillan. Hart, Francis Russel (1922). Admirals of the Caribbean. Boston: Houghton Mifflin.
Fortescue 1899, p. 76. Also, Marshall & Low 2001, p. 278, gives loss as "four-fifths". Fortescue, John William (1899). A History of the British Army. Vol. II 1713–1763. London: MacMillan. Marshall, Peter James; Low, Alaine (2001). The Oxford history of the British Empire: The eighteenth century. Oxford Univ. Press. ISBN 978-0199246779.
Dull 2009, p. 47.
Conway 2006, p. 14, " ... arguments between the naval and military commanders made effective cooperation impossible.". Animosity was such that Gov. Trelawny of Jamaica and Sir Chaloner Ogle drew swords on each other at a council.
Fortescue 1899, p. 76. Dull, Jonathan R. (2009). The Age of the Ship of the Line: The British and French Navies, 1650–1815. University of Nebraska Press. ISBN 978-0803219304. Conway, Stephen (2006). War, state, and society in mid-eighteenth-century Britain and Ireland. Oxford Univ. Press. ISBN 978-0199253753. Fortescue, John William (1899). A History of the British Army. Vol. II 1713–1763. London: MacMillan.
Fortescue 1899, p. 75, Royal Scots, the 6th, the 27th foot. Fortescue, John William (1899). A History of the British Army. Vol. II 1713–1763. London: MacMillan.

hathitrust.org

babel.hathitrust.org

Beatson 1804, Vol III, pp. 25–26. List of ships of the line under Vernon is 8 of 80 guns, 5 of 70 guns, 14 of 60 guns, 2 of 50 guns and 22 frigates. Also Hart 1922, p. 140, gives 22. Beatson, Robert (1804). Naval and Military Memoirs of Great Britain, from 1727 to 1783. (in six volumes). London: Longman, Hurst, Rees and Orme. Hart, Francis Russel (1922). Admirals of the Caribbean. Boston: Houghton Mifflin.
Hart 1922, p. 146.
Browning 1993, p. 60, estimates 3,000. Hart, Francis Russel (1922). Admirals of the Caribbean. Boston: Houghton Mifflin. Browning, Reed (1993). The War of the Austrian Succession. New York City: St. Martin's Press. ISBN 978-0312094836.
Geggus, David (1979). "Yellow Fever in the 1790s: The British Army in occupied Saint Domingue". Medical History. 23 (1): 50. doi:10.1017/S0025727300051012. PMC 1082398. PMID 368468., "... of the 12,000 British and Americans who laid siege to Cartagena in 1741 seventy percent perished, including seventy-seven per cent of the British." therefore: 8,400 from yellow fever alone, over 6,000 British soldiers at the siege.
Similarly, Harbron 2004, p. 108, "...yellow fever ... killed perhaps 9,000 sailors and troops in the British forces.".
Hart 1922, p. 151. "So great were the losses to the troops through disease and battle that not over one third of the land troops appear to have returned with the fleet to Jamaica." This would indicate considerably more than 8,000 dead.
Likewise, Coxe 1815, p. 24 states that Havana is attacked by "...3,000 men, the discouraged and exhausted remnant of the troops which had been repulsed at Cartagena ...". Coxe also gives the overall loss of the expedition during the campaign as 20,000 lives lost.
Beatson 1804, Vol. I, p. 111, gives the army's strength as down to 3,000 in Jamaica. Harbron, John D. (2004). Trafalgar and the Spanish navy. Naval Institute Press. ISBN 978-0870216954. Hart, Francis Russel (1922). Admirals of the Caribbean. Boston: Houghton Mifflin. Coxe, William (1815). Memoirs of the kings of Spain of the House of Bourbon, from the Accession of Philip V to the Death of Charles III. Vol. 3. London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme and Brown. Beatson, Robert (1804). Naval and Military Memoirs of Great Britain, from 1727 to 1783. (in six volumes). London: Longman, Hurst, Rees and Orme.
Hart 1922, p. 139. Similarly, Trustees of the Public Libraries, et al. The State Records of North Carolina, Vol. XI, (1895–1907), Goldsboro, NC: Nash brothers, pp. 42–45, state in a note that the number of companies which actually sailed was 36 containing 3,600 men. Also, Marshall & Low 2001, p. 119, gives 3,600 and p. 302. gives 3,500. Hart, Francis Russel (1922). Admirals of the Caribbean. Boston: Houghton Mifflin. Marshall, Peter James; Low, Alaine (2001). The Oxford history of the British Empire: The eighteenth century. Oxford Univ. Press. ISBN 978-0199246779.

mises.org

Rothbard, Murray (23 April 2010). "Mercantilism as the Economic Side of Absolutism". Mises.org. Good summary of the concept. Archived from the original on 1 February 2020. Retrieved 27 July 2019.

nih.gov

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Geggus, David (1979). "Yellow Fever in the 1790s: The British Army in occupied Saint Domingue". Medical History. 23 (1): 50. doi:10.1017/S0025727300051012. PMC 1082398. PMID 368468., "... of the 12,000 British and Americans who laid siege to Cartagena in 1741 seventy percent perished, including seventy-seven per cent of the British." therefore: 8,400 from yellow fever alone, over 6,000 British soldiers at the siege.
Similarly, Harbron 2004, p. 108, "...yellow fever ... killed perhaps 9,000 sailors and troops in the British forces.".
Hart 1922, p. 151. "So great were the losses to the troops through disease and battle that not over one third of the land troops appear to have returned with the fleet to Jamaica." This would indicate considerably more than 8,000 dead.
Likewise, Coxe 1815, p. 24 states that Havana is attacked by "...3,000 men, the discouraged and exhausted remnant of the troops which had been repulsed at Cartagena ...". Coxe also gives the overall loss of the expedition during the campaign as 20,000 lives lost.
Beatson 1804, Vol. I, p. 111, gives the army's strength as down to 3,000 in Jamaica. Harbron, John D. (2004). Trafalgar and the Spanish navy. Naval Institute Press. ISBN 978-0870216954. Hart, Francis Russel (1922). Admirals of the Caribbean. Boston: Houghton Mifflin. Coxe, William (1815). Memoirs of the kings of Spain of the House of Bourbon, from the Accession of Philip V to the Death of Charles III. Vol. 3. London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme and Brown. Beatson, Robert (1804). Naval and Military Memoirs of Great Britain, from 1727 to 1783. (in six volumes). London: Longman, Hurst, Rees and Orme.

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Geggus, David (1979). "Yellow Fever in the 1790s: The British Army in occupied Saint Domingue". Medical History. 23 (1): 50. doi:10.1017/S0025727300051012. PMC 1082398. PMID 368468., "... of the 12,000 British and Americans who laid siege to Cartagena in 1741 seventy percent perished, including seventy-seven per cent of the British." therefore: 8,400 from yellow fever alone, over 6,000 British soldiers at the siege.
Similarly, Harbron 2004, p. 108, "...yellow fever ... killed perhaps 9,000 sailors and troops in the British forces.".
Hart 1922, p. 151. "So great were the losses to the troops through disease and battle that not over one third of the land troops appear to have returned with the fleet to Jamaica." This would indicate considerably more than 8,000 dead.
Likewise, Coxe 1815, p. 24 states that Havana is attacked by "...3,000 men, the discouraged and exhausted remnant of the troops which had been repulsed at Cartagena ...". Coxe also gives the overall loss of the expedition during the campaign as 20,000 lives lost.
Beatson 1804, Vol. I, p. 111, gives the army's strength as down to 3,000 in Jamaica. Harbron, John D. (2004). Trafalgar and the Spanish navy. Naval Institute Press. ISBN 978-0870216954. Hart, Francis Russel (1922). Admirals of the Caribbean. Boston: Houghton Mifflin. Coxe, William (1815). Memoirs of the kings of Spain of the House of Bourbon, from the Accession of Philip V to the Death of Charles III. Vol. 3. London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme and Brown. Beatson, Robert (1804). Naval and Military Memoirs of Great Britain, from 1727 to 1783. (in six volumes). London: Longman, Hurst, Rees and Orme.

nytimes.com

Brooke, James (8 October 1995). "Cartagena, Caribbean Jewel". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 9 February 2010. Retrieved 6 February 2021.

psu.edu

citeseerx.ist.psu.edu

Marks 1999, pp. 20–21. Marks, Christian Mathew (1999). British Force Projection in the West Indies, 1739–1800 (PhD). Ohio State University. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.1012.2521.
Marks 1999, p. 22. Marks, Christian Mathew (1999). British Force Projection in the West Indies, 1739–1800 (PhD). Ohio State University. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.1012.2521.
Marks 1999, p. 25. Marks, Christian Mathew (1999). British Force Projection in the West Indies, 1739–1800 (PhD). Ohio State University. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.1012.2521.

ruiz.net

bruce.ruiz.net

Ruiz, Bruce. "Admiral Vernon and portobello". Panama History.com. Archived from the original on 30 October 2007. Retrieved 24 September 2007.

soldadosdigital.com

Anon 2008. This article states 1500 British guns captured, lost or damaged, but this number needs to be taken with a grain of salt, however, the article does contain references. Anon (2008). "Don Blas de Lezo y Olavarrieta un Ejemplo Del Espíritu Militar Español" (PDF). Soldados Digital (in Spanish). Archived from the original (PDF) on 16 July 2011.
Anon 2008. Anon (2008). "Don Blas de Lezo y Olavarrieta un Ejemplo Del Espíritu Militar Español" (PDF). Soldados Digital (in Spanish). Archived from the original (PDF) on 16 July 2011.
All Spanish losses from: Anon 2008. Anon (2008). "Don Blas de Lezo y Olavarrieta un Ejemplo Del Espíritu Militar Español" (PDF). Soldados Digital (in Spanish). Archived from the original (PDF) on 16 July 2011.
Anon 2008 gives details of conflict between Lezo and Eslava. Anon (2008). "Don Blas de Lezo y Olavarrieta un Ejemplo Del Espíritu Militar Español" (PDF). Soldados Digital (in Spanish). Archived from the original (PDF) on 16 July 2011.
"..departing May 20th, five ships were burnt due to a lack of crew. Another sank on its way to Jamaica". Don Blas de Lezo y Olavarrieta un Ejemplo Del Espíritu Militar Español Archived 2011-07-16 at the Wayback Machine gives a total of 50 ships lost.

todoababor.es

. "...departing May 20th, five ships were burnt due to a lack of crew. Another sank on its way to Jamaica" El desastre del ataque británico a Cartagena de Indias. Archived 31 March 2022 at the Wayback Machine Revista de Historia Naval.

ucl.ac.uk

discovery.ucl.ac.uk

A remarkable piece of Spanish intelligence on this expedition is found almost a year prior to the arrival of this fleet. The Governor of Spanish Florida learned from English colonists taken prisoner in the recapture of Fort Mose during the siege of St. Augustine that "they have learned of the preparation in England of a considerable expedition against Havanna, consisting of 30 ships of the line, and of a landing party of 10,000 men. I am sending this dispatch to give you this information as possibly of great importance to the service of the King." Letter from Governor Montiano, 6 July 1740, Collections of the Georgia Historical Society. (Vol. VII. – Part I) Published by Georgia Historical Society, Savannah, Ga. For an in depth analysis of the intelligence and spies used by both sides. See: Rivas Ibañez 2008. Rivas Ibañez, Ignacio (2008). Mobilizing Resources for war: the intelligence systems during the War of Jenkins' Ear (PhD thesis). University College London.
Rivas Ibañez 2008, p. 16. Rivas Ibañez, Ignacio (2008). Mobilizing Resources for war: the intelligence systems during the War of Jenkins' Ear (PhD thesis). University College London.
Rivas Ibañez 2008, p. 156. Rivas Ibañez, Ignacio (2008). Mobilizing Resources for war: the intelligence systems during the War of Jenkins' Ear (PhD thesis). University College London.
Dull 2009, p. 46. Also, Rivas Ibañez 2008, p. 180. Dull, Jonathan R. (2009). The Age of the Ship of the Line: The British and French Navies, 1650–1815. University of Nebraska Press. ISBN 978-0803219304. Rivas Ibañez, Ignacio (2008). Mobilizing Resources for war: the intelligence systems during the War of Jenkins' Ear (PhD thesis). University College London.
Rivas Ibañez 2008, pp. 185–186. Rivas Ibañez, Ignacio (2008). Mobilizing Resources for war: the intelligence systems during the War of Jenkins' Ear (PhD thesis). University College London.
Rivas Ibañez 2008, p. 166, relates reports that October 1000 sailors and 400 soldiers were sick. Rivas Ibañez, Ignacio (2008). Mobilizing Resources for war: the intelligence systems during the War of Jenkins' Ear (PhD thesis). University College London.
Rivas Ibañez 2008, p. 180, "... Vernon told Cathcart that it was crucial to avoid the sickly season, which lasted from May to November.". Rivas Ibañez, Ignacio (2008). Mobilizing Resources for war: the intelligence systems during the War of Jenkins' Ear (PhD thesis). University College London.
Rivas Ibañez 2008, p. 179. Rivas Ibañez, Ignacio (2008). Mobilizing Resources for war: the intelligence systems during the War of Jenkins' Ear (PhD thesis). University College London.

web.archive.org

"Col. John Grant, of Carron". Clan MacFarlane and associated clans genealogy. Archived from the original on 14 March 2023. Retrieved 6 April 2020.
Duncan, Francis (1879). History of the Royal Regiment of Artillery. In two volumes – Vol. 1. London: John Murray. p. 123. Archived from the original on 13 March 2024. Retrieved 10 February 2021.,"...so reduced was this force in two years by disaster and disease, that not a tenth part returned to England...'thus ended in shame, disappointment, and loss, the most important, most expensive, and best concerted expedition that Great Britain was ever engaged in'...". So too, Fortescue 1899, p. 76. "Of the regiments that had sailed from St. Helen's under Cathcart in all the pride and confidence of strength, nine in every ten had perished.". Fortescue, John William (1899). A History of the British Army. Vol. II 1713–1763. London: MacMillan.
Anon 2008. This article states 1500 British guns captured, lost or damaged, but this number needs to be taken with a grain of salt, however, the article does contain references. Anon (2008). "Don Blas de Lezo y Olavarrieta un Ejemplo Del Espíritu Militar Español" (PDF). Soldados Digital (in Spanish). Archived from the original (PDF) on 16 July 2011.
. "...departing May 20th, five ships were burnt due to a lack of crew. Another sank on its way to Jamaica" El desastre del ataque británico a Cartagena de Indias. Archived 31 March 2022 at the Wayback Machine Revista de Historia Naval.
Anon 2008. Anon (2008). "Don Blas de Lezo y Olavarrieta un Ejemplo Del Espíritu Militar Español" (PDF). Soldados Digital (in Spanish). Archived from the original (PDF) on 16 July 2011.
All Spanish losses from: Anon 2008. Anon (2008). "Don Blas de Lezo y Olavarrieta un Ejemplo Del Espíritu Militar Español" (PDF). Soldados Digital (in Spanish). Archived from the original (PDF) on 16 July 2011.
Rothbard, Murray (23 April 2010). "Mercantilism as the Economic Side of Absolutism". Mises.org. Good summary of the concept. Archived from the original on 1 February 2020. Retrieved 27 July 2019.
Ruiz, Bruce. "Admiral Vernon and portobello". Panama History.com. Archived from the original on 30 October 2007. Retrieved 24 September 2007.
Brooke, James (8 October 1995). "Cartagena, Caribbean Jewel". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 9 February 2010. Retrieved 6 February 2021.
Anon 2008 gives details of conflict between Lezo and Eslava. Anon (2008). "Don Blas de Lezo y Olavarrieta un Ejemplo Del Espíritu Militar Español" (PDF). Soldados Digital (in Spanish). Archived from the original (PDF) on 16 July 2011.
"The Battle of Cartagena de Indias". Grandes Batallas. Archived from the original on 20 April 2017. Retrieved 22 January 2017.
"..departing May 20th, five ships were burnt due to a lack of crew. Another sank on its way to Jamaica". Don Blas de Lezo y Olavarrieta un Ejemplo Del Espíritu Militar Español Archived 2011-07-16 at the Wayback Machine gives a total of 50 ships lost.
"Edward Vernon". Westminster Abbey. Archived from the original on 25 May 2020. Retrieved 20 May 2020.
"Plaque unveiled by Prince Charles in Colombia is removed". BBC News. 8 November 2014. Archived from the original on 27 March 2019. Retrieved 17 March 2019.

westminster-abbey.org

"Edward Vernon". Westminster Abbey. Archived from the original on 25 May 2020. Retrieved 20 May 2020.