Battle of Mogadishu (1993) (English Wikipedia)

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UN casualty numbers differ across multiple sources. The following is a brief list for comparison with the UN report taking precedence:
* United Nations. (1994, February 24). Report of the Commission of Inquiry Established Pursuant To Security Council Resolution 885 (1993) To Investigate Armed Attacks On UNOSOM II Personnel Which Led To Casualties Among Them. Report on p. 32 lists 1 Malaysian killed with 9 Malaysians and 3 Pakistanis wounded.
* United States Forces, Somalia After Action Report and Historical Overview: The United States Army in Somalia, 1992–1994 (2003). Page 13, the executive summary, lists 2 Malaysians killed with 7 Malaysians and 2 Pakistanis wounded. Page 106, Volume 1 of the After Action Report, lists 1 Malaysian killed with 9 Malaysians and 3 Pakistanis wounded.
* Marion, F. L. (2018). The Battle of Mogadishu: Special Tactics in Somalia, 1993. In Brothers in Berets: The Evolution of Air Force Special Tactics, 1953–2003 (p. 291). Air University Press. Lists 2 Malaysians killed with 7 Malaysians and 2 Pakistanis wounded.
* Battle of Mogadishu, Untold Story of Black Hawk Down. (2022, October 29). My Military Times. (Ad hijacking occurring on source's page, google cache used for text-only). Lists 1 Malaysian killed and 9 Malaysian wounded.
* Jamil, A. (2020). US Rangers Rescue Operation – Mogadishu 3rd October 1993. Bugle and Trumpet, p. 16. Lists 1 Pakistani killed and 1 wounded.

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Shepard, Alicia C. (March 2002). "Appointment in Somalia". American Journalism review. Retrieved 2 January 2022.

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Gustafson, Dave (4 October 2013). "20 years after Black Hawk Down, a 'Return to Mogadishu'". Al Jazeera America.

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Whetstone, Michael (2013). Madness in Mogadishu. Michael L. Whetstone. p. 250. ASIN B00GRY49AU.

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UN casualty numbers differ across multiple sources. The following is a brief list for comparison with the UN report taking precedence:
* United Nations. (1994, February 24). Report of the Commission of Inquiry Established Pursuant To Security Council Resolution 885 (1993) To Investigate Armed Attacks On UNOSOM II Personnel Which Led To Casualties Among Them. Report on p. 32 lists 1 Malaysian killed with 9 Malaysians and 3 Pakistanis wounded.
* United States Forces, Somalia After Action Report and Historical Overview: The United States Army in Somalia, 1992–1994 (2003). Page 13, the executive summary, lists 2 Malaysians killed with 7 Malaysians and 2 Pakistanis wounded. Page 106, Volume 1 of the After Action Report, lists 1 Malaysian killed with 9 Malaysians and 3 Pakistanis wounded.
* Marion, F. L. (2018). The Battle of Mogadishu: Special Tactics in Somalia, 1993. In Brothers in Berets: The Evolution of Air Force Special Tactics, 1953–2003 (p. 291). Air University Press. Lists 2 Malaysians killed with 7 Malaysians and 2 Pakistanis wounded.
* Battle of Mogadishu, Untold Story of Black Hawk Down. (2022, October 29). My Military Times. (Ad hijacking occurring on source's page, google cache used for text-only). Lists 1 Malaysian killed and 9 Malaysian wounded.
* Jamil, A. (2020). US Rangers Rescue Operation – Mogadishu 3rd October 1993. Bugle and Trumpet, p. 16. Lists 1 Pakistani killed and 1 wounded.
United States Army 2003, p. 255. United States Army (2003). "United States Forces, Somalia After Action Report and Historical Overview: The United States Army in Somalia, 1992–1994" (PDF). United States Army Center of Military History. Archived from the original (PDF) on 1 August 2022. Retrieved 7 August 2022.
United States Army 2003, p. 132. United States Army (2003). "United States Forces, Somalia After Action Report and Historical Overview: The United States Army in Somalia, 1992–1994" (PDF). United States Army Center of Military History. Archived from the original (PDF) on 1 August 2022. Retrieved 7 August 2022.

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Dos Santos, Sgt. Maj Clayton; Perdue, James (14 February 2022). "Battle of Mogadishu: The Mission Command Perspective". Army University Press. Archived from the original on 14 February 2022. Retrieved 5 May 2022.

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"A little-known massacre explains Somalian hatred". Baltimore Sun. 15 October 1993. Retrieved 14 March 2022.

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"Platoon under fire" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 21 February 2015. Retrieved 24 February 2017.

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Nor Farhani Che Ab (18 January 2020). "Bakara papar peristiwa sebenar di Mogadishu" [Bakara reveals the real events in Mogadishu]. Berita Harian. Retrieved 1 August 2020.

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Ohanwe, Augustine C. (31 July 2009). Post-Cold War Conflicts in Africa. Adonis & Abbey Publishers Ltd. p. 174. ISBN 978-1-912234-74-5. Aidid claimed 315 Somalis were killed and 812 wounded, figures that the Red Cross accepted as 'plausible'.
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Ohanwe, Augustine C. (31 July 2009). Post-Cold War Conflicts in Africa. Adonis & Abbey Publishers Ltd. p. 174. ISBN 978-1-912234-74-5. Aidid claimed 315 Somalis were killed and 812 wounded, figures that the Red Cross accepted as 'plausible'.
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Brunk, Darren C. (2008). "Curing the Somalia Syndrome: Analogy, Foreign Policy Decision Making, and the Rwandan Genocide". Foreign Policy Analysis. 4 (3): 301–320. doi:10.1111/j.1743-8594.2008.00071.x. ISSN 1743-8586. JSTOR 24907305.
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Patman, Robert G (23 December 2014). "The roots of strategic failure: The Somalia Syndrome and Al Qaeda's path to 9/11". International Politics. 52 (1): 89–109. doi:10.1057/ip.2014.39. ISSN 1384-5748. S2CID 146924848.

dtic.mil

Clarke, Walter S. (2 February 1993). "Background Information For Operation Restore Hope" (PDF). Strategic Studies Institute, U.S. Army College. Archived from the original (PDF) on 30 November 2012.

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Hooker, R.D. (2009). "Hard Day's Night: A Retrospective on the American Intervention in Somalia" (PDF). Joint Force Quarterly (54).

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"Ambush in Mogadishu". YouTube. 2 August 2018. Archived from the original on 11 December 2021. Retrieved 19 May 2020.

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Hughes, Dana (18 April 2014). "Bill Clinton 'Surprised' at Black Hawk Down Raid". ABC News. Retrieved 21 April 2023.
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UN casualty numbers differ across multiple sources. The following is a brief list for comparison with the UN report taking precedence:
* United Nations. (1994, February 24). Report of the Commission of Inquiry Established Pursuant To Security Council Resolution 885 (1993) To Investigate Armed Attacks On UNOSOM II Personnel Which Led To Casualties Among Them. Report on p. 32 lists 1 Malaysian killed with 9 Malaysians and 3 Pakistanis wounded.
* United States Forces, Somalia After Action Report and Historical Overview: The United States Army in Somalia, 1992–1994 (2003). Page 13, the executive summary, lists 2 Malaysians killed with 7 Malaysians and 2 Pakistanis wounded. Page 106, Volume 1 of the After Action Report, lists 1 Malaysian killed with 9 Malaysians and 3 Pakistanis wounded.
* Marion, F. L. (2018). The Battle of Mogadishu: Special Tactics in Somalia, 1993. In Brothers in Berets: The Evolution of Air Force Special Tactics, 1953–2003 (p. 291). Air University Press. Lists 2 Malaysians killed with 7 Malaysians and 2 Pakistanis wounded.
* Battle of Mogadishu, Untold Story of Black Hawk Down. (2022, October 29). My Military Times. (Ad hijacking occurring on source's page, google cache used for text-only). Lists 1 Malaysian killed and 9 Malaysian wounded.
* Jamil, A. (2020). US Rangers Rescue Operation – Mogadishu 3rd October 1993. Bugle and Trumpet, p. 16. Lists 1 Pakistani killed and 1 wounded.
Brunk, Darren C. (2008). "Curing the Somalia Syndrome: Analogy, Foreign Policy Decision Making, and the Rwandan Genocide". Foreign Policy Analysis. 4 (3): 301–320. doi:10.1111/j.1743-8594.2008.00071.x. ISSN 1743-8586. JSTOR 24907305.

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Cockburn, Alexander (13 July 1993). "Somalia Slips From Hope to Quagmire: In Monday's attack the peacekeepers looked more like warlords". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 24 July 2022.
"Somalia's deadly lessons". Los Angeles Times. 23 June 2006. Retrieved 15 April 2022.
"4 U.S. Soldiers Killed in Somalia : Africa: Clinton pledges 'appropriate action.' Men die when vehicle hits land mine in area dominated by supporters of warlord Mohammed Farah Aidid". Los Angeles Times. 9 August 1993. Retrieved 17 March 2022.

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Somalia 1991-1993: Civil War, Famine Alert and a UN "Military-Humanitarian" Intervention. Médecins Sans Frontières. 2013. p. 210.

mymilitarytimes.com

UN casualty numbers differ across multiple sources. The following is a brief list for comparison with the UN report taking precedence:
* United Nations. (1994, February 24). Report of the Commission of Inquiry Established Pursuant To Security Council Resolution 885 (1993) To Investigate Armed Attacks On UNOSOM II Personnel Which Led To Casualties Among Them. Report on p. 32 lists 1 Malaysian killed with 9 Malaysians and 3 Pakistanis wounded.
* United States Forces, Somalia After Action Report and Historical Overview: The United States Army in Somalia, 1992–1994 (2003). Page 13, the executive summary, lists 2 Malaysians killed with 7 Malaysians and 2 Pakistanis wounded. Page 106, Volume 1 of the After Action Report, lists 1 Malaysian killed with 9 Malaysians and 3 Pakistanis wounded.
* Marion, F. L. (2018). The Battle of Mogadishu: Special Tactics in Somalia, 1993. In Brothers in Berets: The Evolution of Air Force Special Tactics, 1953–2003 (p. 291). Air University Press. Lists 2 Malaysians killed with 7 Malaysians and 2 Pakistanis wounded.
* Battle of Mogadishu, Untold Story of Black Hawk Down. (2022, October 29). My Military Times. (Ad hijacking occurring on source's page, google cache used for text-only). Lists 1 Malaysian killed and 9 Malaysian wounded.
* Jamil, A. (2020). US Rangers Rescue Operation – Mogadishu 3rd October 1993. Bugle and Trumpet, p. 16. Lists 1 Pakistani killed and 1 wounded.

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Lorch, Donatella (8 June 1993). "U.N. Moves Troops to Somali City And Vows Punishment for Attack". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 16 March 2022.
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UN casualty numbers differ across multiple sources. The following is a brief list for comparison with the UN report taking precedence:
* United Nations. (1994, February 24). Report of the Commission of Inquiry Established Pursuant To Security Council Resolution 885 (1993) To Investigate Armed Attacks On UNOSOM II Personnel Which Led To Casualties Among Them. Report on p. 32 lists 1 Malaysian killed with 9 Malaysians and 3 Pakistanis wounded.
* United States Forces, Somalia After Action Report and Historical Overview: The United States Army in Somalia, 1992–1994 (2003). Page 13, the executive summary, lists 2 Malaysians killed with 7 Malaysians and 2 Pakistanis wounded. Page 106, Volume 1 of the After Action Report, lists 1 Malaysian killed with 9 Malaysians and 3 Pakistanis wounded.
* Marion, F. L. (2018). The Battle of Mogadishu: Special Tactics in Somalia, 1993. In Brothers in Berets: The Evolution of Air Force Special Tactics, 1953–2003 (p. 291). Air University Press. Lists 2 Malaysians killed with 7 Malaysians and 2 Pakistanis wounded.
* Battle of Mogadishu, Untold Story of Black Hawk Down. (2022, October 29). My Military Times. (Ad hijacking occurring on source's page, google cache used for text-only). Lists 1 Malaysian killed and 9 Malaysian wounded.
* Jamil, A. (2020). US Rangers Rescue Operation – Mogadishu 3rd October 1993. Bugle and Trumpet, p. 16. Lists 1 Pakistani killed and 1 wounded.

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Patman, Robert G (23 December 2014). "The roots of strategic failure: The Somalia Syndrome and Al Qaeda's path to 9/11". International Politics. 52 (1): 89–109. doi:10.1057/ip.2014.39. ISSN 1384-5748. S2CID 146924848.

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"Anatomy of a Disaster". Time. 18 October 1993. Archived from the original on 18 January 2008. Retrieved 19 January 2008. The International Committee of the Red Cross estimated 200 Somalis had died in the battle, and hundreds of wounded piled into hospitals
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"Anatomy of a Disaster". Time. 18 October 1993. Archived from the original on 18 January 2008. Retrieved 19 January 2008. The International Committee of the Red Cross estimated 200 Somalis had died in the battle, and hundreds of wounded piled into hospitals
Bowden, Mark (16 November 1997). "Black Hawk Down: A defining battle". The Philadelphia Inquirer. Archived from the original on 1 July 2007. Retrieved 31 May 2023.
Dos Santos, Sgt. Maj Clayton; Perdue, James (14 February 2022). "Battle of Mogadishu: The Mission Command Perspective". Army University Press. Archived from the original on 14 February 2022. Retrieved 5 May 2022.
"Somalia Faces the Future: Human Rights in a Fragmented Society". www.hrw.org. April 1995. Archived from the original on 5 March 2022. Retrieved 18 March 2019.
United States Army 2003, p. 255. United States Army (2003). "United States Forces, Somalia After Action Report and Historical Overview: The United States Army in Somalia, 1992–1994" (PDF). United States Army Center of Military History. Archived from the original (PDF) on 1 August 2022. Retrieved 7 August 2022.
"Hoover Institution – Policy Review – African Atrocities and the 'Rest of the World'". 6 December 2008. Archived from the original on 6 December 2008. Retrieved 5 August 2022.
United States Army 2003, p. 132. United States Army (2003). "United States Forces, Somalia After Action Report and Historical Overview: The United States Army in Somalia, 1992–1994" (PDF). United States Army Center of Military History. Archived from the original (PDF) on 1 August 2022. Retrieved 7 August 2022.
Bowden, Mark (1 June 2000). "African Atrocities and the Rest of the World". Policy Review No. 101. Hoover Institute. Archived from the original on 6 December 2008. Retrieved 5 October 2008.
Bailey, Tracy A (6 October 2008). "Rangers Honor Fallen Brothers of Operation Gothic Serpent". ShadowSpear Special Operations. Archived from the original on 4 March 2010. Retrieved 13 October 2008.
Clarke, Walter S. (2 February 1993). "Background Information For Operation Restore Hope" (PDF). Strategic Studies Institute, U.S. Army College. Archived from the original (PDF) on 30 November 2012.
"To Fight With Intrepidity". Archived from the original on 16 May 2007. Retrieved 29 January 2007.
"Blackhawk Down". The Philadelphia Inquirer. Archived from the original on 13 May 2018. Retrieved 25 August 2013.
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"Somalia: Anatomy of a Disaster". Time. 18 October 1993. Archived from the original on 18 January 2008.
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"Task Force Ranger and the Battle of Mogadishu Exhibit". asomf.org. Airborne & Special Operations Museum Foundation. Archived from the original on 8 September 2015. Retrieved 5 September 2015.

worldcat.org

search.worldcat.org

Richburg, Keith B. (6 December 1993). "In War on Aideed, U.N. Battled Itself". The Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved 18 May 2022.
Kaempf, Sebastian (2018). Saving soldiers or civilians? : casualty aversion versus civilian protection in asymmetric conflicts. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-108-65506-4. OCLC 1032810239.
Hirsch, John L. (1995). Somalia and Operation Restore Hope : reflections on peacemaking and peacekeeping. Robert B. Oakley. Washington, D.C.: United States Institute of Peace Press. ISBN 1-878379-41-0. OCLC 32200261.
Cassidy, Robert M. (2004). Peacekeeping in the abyss : British and American peacekeeping doctrine and practice after the Cold War. Westport, Conn.: Praeger. ISBN 0-313-04752-9. OCLC 62329891.
David, Saul (2012). Military blunders : the how and why of military failure. Little, Brown Book. ISBN 978-1-4596-7276-5. OCLC 1194939670.
Bowden 2010. Bowden, Mark (2010). Black Hawk Down : A Story of Modern War. New York: Grove Press. ISBN 978-0-8021-4473-7. OCLC 456177378.
Biddle, Stephen D. (2021). Nonstate warfare : the military methods of guerillas, warlords, and militias. Council on Foreign Relations. Princeton: Princeton University Press. pp. 182–224. ISBN 978-0-691-21665-2. OCLC 1224042096.
Peterson, S. (2000). Me against my brother: at war in Somalia, Sudan, and Rwanda: a journalist reports from the battlefields of Africa. New York: Routledge. pp. 3–166. ISBN 0415921988. OCLC 43287853.
Patman, Robert G (23 December 2014). "The roots of strategic failure: The Somalia Syndrome and Al Qaeda's path to 9/11". International Politics. 52 (1): 89–109. doi:10.1057/ip.2014.39. ISSN 1384-5748. S2CID 146924848.
Brunk, Darren C. (2008). "Curing the Somalia Syndrome: Analogy, Foreign Policy Decision Making, and the Rwandan Genocide". Foreign Policy Analysis. 4 (3): 301–320. doi:10.1111/j.1743-8594.2008.00071.x. ISSN 1743-8586. JSTOR 24907305.
Drysdale 1994, pp. 4–5. Drysdale, John (1994). Whatever happened to Somalia?. London: HAAN. ISBN 1-874209-51-0. OCLC 30736422.
Drysdale 1994. Drysdale, John (1994). Whatever happened to Somalia?. London: HAAN. ISBN 1-874209-51-0. OCLC 30736422.
Hirsch, John L. (1995). Somalia and Operation Restore Hope : reflections on peacemaking and peacekeeping. Robert B. Oakley. Washington, D.C.: United States Institute of Peace Press. pp. 115–121. ISBN 1-878379-41-0. OCLC 32200261.
Drysdale 1994, pp. 180–195. Drysdale, John (1994). Whatever happened to Somalia?. London: HAAN. ISBN 1-874209-51-0. OCLC 30736422.
Lorch, Donatella (8 June 1993). "U.N. Moves Troops to Somali City And Vows Punishment for Attack". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 16 March 2022.
Richburg, Keith B. (16 July 1993). "U.N. Helicopter Assailt in Somalia Targeted Aideed's Top Commanders". The Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved 14 March 2022.
Bowden 2010, p. 355. Bowden, Mark (2010). Black Hawk Down : A Story of Modern War. New York: Grove Press. ISBN 978-0-8021-4473-7. OCLC 456177378.
Meredith, Martin (2011). The fate of Africa : a history of the continent since independence. New York: PublicAffairs. p. 482. ISBN 978-1-61039-132-0. OCLC 811490796.
Simons, Geoff (1995). UN Malaise : Power, Problems and Realpolitik. London: Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 92–93. ISBN 978-1-349-24297-9. OCLC 1004381854.
Richburg, Keith B. (10 September 1993). "U.S. Helicopters Fire on Somalis". The Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved 16 March 2022.
Richburg, Keith B. (6 December 1993). "In War on Aideed, U.N. Battled Itself". The Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved 14 March 2022.
Wheeler, Nicholas J. (2000). Saving strangers : humanitarian intervention in international society. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-829621-5. OCLC 43885035.
Richburg, Keith B. (9 August 1993). "4 U.S. Soldiers Killed in Somalia". The Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved 17 March 2022.
Bowden 2010, p. 114. Bowden, Mark (2010). Black Hawk Down : A Story of Modern War. New York: Grove Press. ISBN 978-0-8021-4473-7. OCLC 456177378.
"3 Killed as U.S. Chopper Is Shot Down in Somalia". The New York Times. Reuters. 25 September 1993. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 17 March 2022.
Lorch, Donatella (26 September 1993). "Hunted Somali General Lashes Out". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 17 March 2022.
Bowden 2010, p. 133. Bowden, Mark (2010). Black Hawk Down : A Story of Modern War. New York: Grove Press. ISBN 978-0-8021-4473-7. OCLC 456177378.
Bowden 2010, p. 83. Bowden, Mark (2010). Black Hawk Down : A Story of Modern War. New York: Grove Press. ISBN 978-0-8021-4473-7. OCLC 456177378.
Aadan 2011. Aadan, Cabdishakur Mire (2011). Kobocii: Islaamiyiinta Soomaaliya 1952–2002 (in Somali). Illays Media Center. pp. 155–166. ISBN 978-0954955588. OCLC 867835903.
Chun, Clayton K. S. (2012). Gothic Serpent : Black Hawk Down, Mogadishu 1993. Oxford, UK: Osprey Pub. ISBN 978-1-84908-584-7. OCLC 798085124.
Wheeler, Ed (2012). Doorway to hell : disaster in Somalia. Frontline Books. pp. 113–116. ISBN 978-1-84832-680-4. OCLC 801777620.
Salih, M. A. Mohamed; Wohlgemuth, Lennart, eds. (1994). Crisis Management and the Politics of Reconciliation in Somalia. Uppsala: Nordiska Afrikainstitutet. pp. 124–149. ISBN 91-7106-356-0. OCLC 32162628.
Peterson, Scott (2000). Me against my brother : at war in Somalia, Sudan, and Rwanda : a journalist reports from the battlefields of Africa. New York: Routledge. pp. 141–142. ISBN 0-415-92198-8. OCLC 43287853.
Atkinson, Rick (31 January 1994). "NIGHT OF A THOUSAND CASUALTIES". The Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved 28 August 2022.
Neville, Leigh (2018). Day of the Rangers : the battle of Mogadishu 25 years on. Oxford, UK: Osprey Publishing. pp. 79–88. ISBN 978-1-4728-2425-7. OCLC 1019926627.
Moroni Bracamonte, José Angel (1995). Strategy and tactics of the Salvadoran FMLN guerrillas : last battle of the Cold War, blueprint for future conflicts. David E. Spencer. Westport, Conn.: Praeger. p. 1. ISBN 978-0-313-02201-2. OCLC 518397596.
Neville, Leigh (2018). Day of the Rangers : the battle of Mogadishu 25 years on. Oxford, UK: Osprey Publishing. pp. 89–93. ISBN 978-1-4728-2425-7. OCLC 1019926627.
Peterson, Scott (2000). Me against my brother : at war in Somalia, Sudan, and Rwanda : a journalist reports from the battlefields of Africa. New York: Routledge. p. 139. ISBN 0-415-92198-8. OCLC 43287853.
Peterson, Scott (2000). Me against my brother : at war in Somalia, Sudan, and Rwanda : a journalist reports from the battlefields of Africa. New York: Routledge. p. 140. ISBN 0-415-92198-8. OCLC 43287853.
Bowden 2010, p. 70. Bowden, Mark (2010). Black Hawk Down : A Story of Modern War. New York: Grove Press. ISBN 978-0-8021-4473-7. OCLC 456177378.
Bowden 2010, p. 34. Bowden, Mark (2010). Black Hawk Down : A Story of Modern War. New York: Grove Press. ISBN 978-0-8021-4473-7. OCLC 456177378.
Peterson, Scott (2000). Me against my brother : at war in Somalia, Sudan, and Rwanda : a journalist reports from the battlefields of Africa. New York: Routledge. p. 141. ISBN 0-415-92198-8. OCLC 43287853.
Drysdale 1994, p. 211. Drysdale, John (1994). Whatever happened to Somalia?. London: HAAN. ISBN 1-874209-51-0. OCLC 30736422.
Peterson, Scott (2000). Me against my brother : at war in Somalia, Sudan, and Rwanda : a journalist reports from the battlefields of Africa. New York: Routledge. p. 143. ISBN 0-415-92198-8. OCLC 43287853.
Peterson, Scott (2000). Me against my brother : at war in Somalia, Sudan, and Rwanda : a journalist reports from the battlefields of Africa. New York: Routledge. pp. 141–143. ISBN 0-415-92198-8. OCLC 43287853.
Hub, Mark C. (8 October 1993). "U.S. AC-130 GUNSHIPS PATROL OVER SOMALI CAPITAL". The Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved 16 March 2022.
Stevenson, Jonathan (1995). Losing Mogadishu : Testing U.S. policy in Somalia. Naval Institute Press. ISBN 1-55750-788-0. OCLC 31435791.
Peterson, Scott (2000). Me against my brother : at war in Somalia, Sudan, and Rwanda : a journalist reports from the battlefields of Africa. New York: Routledge. p. 141. ISBN 0-415-92198-8. OCLC 43287853.
Jones, Major Timothy A. (2014). Attack Helicopter Operations In Urban Terrain. Pickle Partners Publishing. ISBN 978-1-78289-523-7. OCLC 923352627.
Bowden 2010, p. 179. Bowden, Mark (2010). Black Hawk Down : A Story of Modern War. New York: Grove Press. ISBN 978-0-8021-4473-7. OCLC 456177378.
Peterson, Scott (2000). Me against my brother : at war in Somalia, Sudan, and Rwanda : a journalist reports from the battlefields of Africa. New York: Routledge. p. 151. ISBN 0-415-92198-8. OCLC 43287853.
Mazzetti, Mark (8 June 2006). "Efforts by C.I.A. Fail in Somalia, Officials Charge". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 24 December 2023.

worldcat.org

Kaempf, Sebastian (2018). Saving soldiers or civilians? : casualty aversion versus civilian protection in asymmetric conflicts. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-108-65506-4. OCLC 1032810239.
Hirsch, John L. (1995). Somalia and Operation Restore Hope : reflections on peacemaking and peacekeeping. Robert B. Oakley. Washington, D.C.: United States Institute of Peace Press. ISBN 1-878379-41-0. OCLC 32200261.
Cassidy, Robert M. (2004). Peacekeeping in the abyss : British and American peacekeeping doctrine and practice after the Cold War. Westport, Conn.: Praeger. ISBN 0-313-04752-9. OCLC 62329891.
David, Saul (2012). Military blunders : the how and why of military failure. Little, Brown Book. ISBN 978-1-4596-7276-5. OCLC 1194939670.
Bowden 2010. Bowden, Mark (2010). Black Hawk Down : A Story of Modern War. New York: Grove Press. ISBN 978-0-8021-4473-7. OCLC 456177378.
Biddle, Stephen D. (2021). Nonstate warfare : the military methods of guerillas, warlords, and militias. Council on Foreign Relations. Princeton: Princeton University Press. pp. 182–224. ISBN 978-0-691-21665-2. OCLC 1224042096.
Drysdale 1994, pp. 4–5. Drysdale, John (1994). Whatever happened to Somalia?. London: HAAN. ISBN 1-874209-51-0. OCLC 30736422.
Drysdale 1994. Drysdale, John (1994). Whatever happened to Somalia?. London: HAAN. ISBN 1-874209-51-0. OCLC 30736422.
Hirsch, John L. (1995). Somalia and Operation Restore Hope : reflections on peacemaking and peacekeeping. Robert B. Oakley. Washington, D.C.: United States Institute of Peace Press. pp. 115–121. ISBN 1-878379-41-0. OCLC 32200261.
Drysdale 1994, pp. 180–195. Drysdale, John (1994). Whatever happened to Somalia?. London: HAAN. ISBN 1-874209-51-0. OCLC 30736422.
Bowden 2010, p. 355. Bowden, Mark (2010). Black Hawk Down : A Story of Modern War. New York: Grove Press. ISBN 978-0-8021-4473-7. OCLC 456177378.
Meredith, Martin (2011). The fate of Africa : a history of the continent since independence. New York: PublicAffairs. p. 482. ISBN 978-1-61039-132-0. OCLC 811490796.
Simons, Geoff (1995). UN Malaise : Power, Problems and Realpolitik. London: Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 92–93. ISBN 978-1-349-24297-9. OCLC 1004381854.
Wheeler, Nicholas J. (2000). Saving strangers : humanitarian intervention in international society. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-829621-5. OCLC 43885035.
Bowden 2010, p. 114. Bowden, Mark (2010). Black Hawk Down : A Story of Modern War. New York: Grove Press. ISBN 978-0-8021-4473-7. OCLC 456177378.
Bowden 2010, p. 133. Bowden, Mark (2010). Black Hawk Down : A Story of Modern War. New York: Grove Press. ISBN 978-0-8021-4473-7. OCLC 456177378.
Bowden 2010, p. 83. Bowden, Mark (2010). Black Hawk Down : A Story of Modern War. New York: Grove Press. ISBN 978-0-8021-4473-7. OCLC 456177378.
Aadan 2011. Aadan, Cabdishakur Mire (2011). Kobocii: Islaamiyiinta Soomaaliya 1952–2002 (in Somali). Illays Media Center. pp. 155–166. ISBN 978-0954955588. OCLC 867835903.
Chun, Clayton K. S. (2012). Gothic Serpent : Black Hawk Down, Mogadishu 1993. Oxford, UK: Osprey Pub. ISBN 978-1-84908-584-7. OCLC 798085124.
Wheeler, Ed (2012). Doorway to hell : disaster in Somalia. Frontline Books. pp. 113–116. ISBN 978-1-84832-680-4. OCLC 801777620.
Salih, M. A. Mohamed; Wohlgemuth, Lennart, eds. (1994). Crisis Management and the Politics of Reconciliation in Somalia. Uppsala: Nordiska Afrikainstitutet. pp. 124–149. ISBN 91-7106-356-0. OCLC 32162628.
Peterson, Scott (2000). Me against my brother : at war in Somalia, Sudan, and Rwanda : a journalist reports from the battlefields of Africa. New York: Routledge. pp. 141–142. ISBN 0-415-92198-8. OCLC 43287853.
Neville, Leigh (2018). Day of the Rangers : the battle of Mogadishu 25 years on. Oxford, UK: Osprey Publishing. pp. 79–88. ISBN 978-1-4728-2425-7. OCLC 1019926627.
Moroni Bracamonte, José Angel (1995). Strategy and tactics of the Salvadoran FMLN guerrillas : last battle of the Cold War, blueprint for future conflicts. David E. Spencer. Westport, Conn.: Praeger. p. 1. ISBN 978-0-313-02201-2. OCLC 518397596.
Neville, Leigh (2018). Day of the Rangers : the battle of Mogadishu 25 years on. Oxford, UK: Osprey Publishing. pp. 89–93. ISBN 978-1-4728-2425-7. OCLC 1019926627.
Peterson, Scott (2000). Me against my brother : at war in Somalia, Sudan, and Rwanda : a journalist reports from the battlefields of Africa. New York: Routledge. p. 139. ISBN 0-415-92198-8. OCLC 43287853.
Peterson, Scott (2000). Me against my brother : at war in Somalia, Sudan, and Rwanda : a journalist reports from the battlefields of Africa. New York: Routledge. p. 140. ISBN 0-415-92198-8. OCLC 43287853.
Bowden 2010, p. 70. Bowden, Mark (2010). Black Hawk Down : A Story of Modern War. New York: Grove Press. ISBN 978-0-8021-4473-7. OCLC 456177378.
Bowden 2010, p. 34. Bowden, Mark (2010). Black Hawk Down : A Story of Modern War. New York: Grove Press. ISBN 978-0-8021-4473-7. OCLC 456177378.
Peterson, Scott (2000). Me against my brother : at war in Somalia, Sudan, and Rwanda : a journalist reports from the battlefields of Africa. New York: Routledge. p. 141. ISBN 0-415-92198-8. OCLC 43287853.
Drysdale 1994, p. 211. Drysdale, John (1994). Whatever happened to Somalia?. London: HAAN. ISBN 1-874209-51-0. OCLC 30736422.
Peterson, Scott (2000). Me against my brother : at war in Somalia, Sudan, and Rwanda : a journalist reports from the battlefields of Africa. New York: Routledge. p. 143. ISBN 0-415-92198-8. OCLC 43287853.
Peterson, Scott (2000). Me against my brother : at war in Somalia, Sudan, and Rwanda : a journalist reports from the battlefields of Africa. New York: Routledge. pp. 141–143. ISBN 0-415-92198-8. OCLC 43287853.
Stevenson, Jonathan (1995). Losing Mogadishu : Testing U.S. policy in Somalia. Naval Institute Press. ISBN 1-55750-788-0. OCLC 31435791.
Peterson, Scott (2000). Me against my brother : at war in Somalia, Sudan, and Rwanda : a journalist reports from the battlefields of Africa. New York: Routledge. p. 141. ISBN 0-415-92198-8. OCLC 43287853.
Jones, Major Timothy A. (2014). Attack Helicopter Operations In Urban Terrain. Pickle Partners Publishing. ISBN 978-1-78289-523-7. OCLC 923352627.
Bowden 2010, p. 179. Bowden, Mark (2010). Black Hawk Down : A Story of Modern War. New York: Grove Press. ISBN 978-0-8021-4473-7. OCLC 456177378.
Peterson, Scott (2000). Me against my brother : at war in Somalia, Sudan, and Rwanda : a journalist reports from the battlefields of Africa. New York: Routledge. p. 151. ISBN 0-415-92198-8. OCLC 43287853.

youtube.com

"Ambush in Mogadishu". YouTube. 2 August 2018. Archived from the original on 11 December 2021. Retrieved 19 May 2020.
"Seconds from Disaster". YouTube. Archived from the original on 12 February 2021. Retrieved 19 May 2020.