Battle of Okinawa (English Wikipedia)

This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain: Nichols, Charles; Shaw, Henry (1955). Okinawa: Victory in the Pacific (PDF). Government Printing Office. ASIN B00071UAT8. Archived (PDF) from the original on 24 March 2021. Retrieved 18 January 2021.

americanveteranscenter.org

"Okinawa: The Typhoon of Steel". American Veterans Center. 1 April 1945. Archived from the original on 3 May 2012. Retrieved 12 October 2013.

arabnews.jp

"Activists in Tokyo call for 'liberation of Ryukyu' on the Okinawa anniversary". Arab News Japan. Retrieved 31 July 2024.

archive.org

Hastings 2008, p. 370 Hastings, Max (2008) [2007]. Retribution – The Battle for Japan, 1944–45. New York: Alfred A. Knopf. ISBN 978-0307263513.
History of the Medical Department in World War II, vol. III Appendix Table 14, see "Bombing and Landing on Okinawa." Retrieved 2/1/2024
Springer, "Inferno: The Epic Life and Death Struggle of the USS Franklin in World War II p. 317. Retrieved 2/1/2024
Rottman, Gordon (2002). Okinawa 1945: The Last Battle. Osprey Publishing. p. 39. ISBN 1841765465.
"Japanese Air Sorties and Bomb Tonnage Against Okinawa". Air Force Historical Research Agency. 3 February 1953. pp. 536–538.
Hastings 2008, p. 401 Hastings, Max (2008) [2007]. Retribution – The Battle for Japan, 1944–45. New York: Alfred A. Knopf. ISBN 978-0307263513.
Hastings 2008 Hastings, Max (2008) [2007]. Retribution – The Battle for Japan, 1944–45. New York: Alfred A. Knopf. ISBN 978-0307263513.
Hasegawa, Tsuyoshi (2005). Racing the Enemy: Stalin, Truman, and the Surrender of Japan. Belknap Press of Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0674022416.

archive.today

Okinawa slams history text rewrite Archived 4 June 2012 at archive.today, Japan Times, 23 June 2007.
"110,000 protest history text revision order". Search.japantimes.co.jp. 30 September 2007. Archived from the original on 29 June 2012. Retrieved 12 October 2013.
Texts reinstate army's role in mass suicides: Okinawa prevails in history row Archived 29 June 2012 at archive.today Japan Times, 27 December 2007.
Witness: Military ordered mass suicides Archived 29 June 2012 at archive.today, Japan Times, 12 September 2007.
Court sides with Oe over mass suicides Archived 29 June 2012 at archive.today, Japan Times, 29 March 2008.
New high school texts say Japanese Imperial Army ordered WWII Okinawa suicides, The Mainichi, 29 March 2013.

army.mil

history.army.mil

"Ryukus". US Army Center of Military History. Archived from the original on 19 September 2020. Retrieved 28 August 2020.
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain: Appleman, Roy; Burns, James; Gugeler, Russel; Stevens, John (1948). Okinawa: The Last Battle. United States Army Center of Military History. ISBN 1410222063. Archived from the original on 8 November 2010. Retrieved 14 June 2010.

cgsc.army.mil

Huber, Thomas (May 1990). "Japan's battle of Okinawa, April–June 1945". Combined Arms Research Library. Archived from the original on 16 October 2004.

asahi.com

ajw.asahi.com

Saito, Toru. "Pressure to prove loyalty paved way for mass suicides in Battle of Okinawa – AJW by The Asahi Shimbun". Asahi Shimbun. Archived from the original on 13 December 2013. Retrieved 11 December 2013.
Nayoki Himeno, Director humanizes tragedy of Okinawan mass suicides Archived 28 May 2013 at the Wayback Machine, The Asashi Shimbun, 24 May 2012.

asianews.it

Gheddo, Piero. "Japan: Okinawa against Tokyo's attempts to rewrite history – Asia News". Asianews.it. Archived from the original on 20 June 2020. Retrieved 4 December 2013.

bbc.co.uk

news.bbc.co.uk

Okinawa's war time wounds reopened Archived 6 June 2020 at the Wayback Machine BBC News, 17 November 2007.

bbc.co.uk

"Press rewind: Trump, Tokyo and a welcome back to the 1980s". BBC News. 9 February 2017. Archived from the original on 22 September 2018. Retrieved 10 February 2017.

books.google.com

Frank 1999, p. 71. Frank, Richard B. (1999). Downfall: The End of the Imperial Japanese Empire. Random House. ISBN 978-0679414247.
Hirofumi Hayashi, "Okinawa-sen to minshu" (Japanese). p. 5. Retrieved 2/1/2024
Coski 2005, p. 91 Coski, John M. (2005). The Confederate Battle Flag: America's Most Embattled Emblem. United States of America: First Harvard University Press. ISBN 0674019830. Retrieved 8 March 2016.
Molasky, Michael S. (1999). The American Occupation of Japan and Okinawa: Literature and Memory. Routledge. p. 16. ISBN 978-0415191944. Archived from the original on 23 January 2023. Retrieved 18 January 2021.
Molasky, Michael S.; Rabson, Steve (2000). Southern Exposure: Modern Japanese Literature from Okinawa. University of Hawaii Press. p. 22. ISBN 978-0824823009. Archived from the original on 23 January 2023. Retrieved 18 January 2021.
Sheehan, Susan D; Hein, Laura; Selden, Mark (9 April 2003). Islands of Discontent: Okinawan Responses to Japanese and American Power. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. p. 18. ISBN 978-1461637929. Archived from the original on 23 January 2023. Retrieved 1 June 2022.
Frank 1999, p. 331. Frank, Richard B. (1999). Downfall: The End of the Imperial Japanese Empire. Random House. ISBN 978-0679414247.

boston.com

archive.boston.com

"Why did Japan surrender?" Archived 26 July 2020 at the Wayback Machine. Boston Globe. 7 August 2011.

cv6.org

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destroyerhistory.org

"Destroyer History, USS Howorth". Destroyer History. Destroyer History Foundation. Archived from the original on 28 June 2021. Retrieved 30 June 2021.

fold3.com

"Loss report of PGM-18". www.fold3.com. Archived from the original on 29 June 2021. Retrieved 9 April 2020.
"Loss report of YMS-103". www.fold3.com. Archived from the original on 28 June 2021. Retrieved 9 April 2020.

ghostarchive.org

Fackler, Martin (5 July 2013). "In Okinawa, Talk of Break From Japan Turns Serious". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 1 January 2022.

hawaii.edu

nisei.hawaii.edu

"11: Battle of Okinawa". Nisei.hawaii.edu. 1 April 1945. Archived from the original on 2 September 2016. Retrieved 19 July 2022.

himeyuri.or.jp

"[Official] Himeyuri Peace Museum". www.himeyuri.or.jp. Archived from the original on 11 January 2023. Retrieved 11 January 2023.

history.com

"Soviets declare war on Japan; invade Manchuria". Archived 3 September 2020 at the Wayback Machine History.com. A&E Television Networks, n.d. Web. 6 July 2014.

historynet.com

"The American invasion of Okinawa was the largest amphibious invasion of all time". Historynet.com. Archived from the original on 28 March 2008. Retrieved 6 May 2012.
"Battle of Okinawa: The Bloodiest Battle of the Pacific War". HistoryNet. 12 June 2006. Archived from the original on 27 May 2010. Retrieved 5 April 2010.

historynewsnetwork.org

Shigeaki, Kinjo (13 June 2014). "The Most Haunting Interview You'll Ever Read: When Japanese Islanders Were Ordered to Commit Mass Suicide" (Interview). Interviewed by Michael Bradley. History News Network. Retrieved 20 August 2024.

ibiblio.org

Frank and Shaw, "History of U.S. Marine Corps Operations in World War II, Appendix M. Retrieved 2/1/2024
"The Amphibians Came to Conquer". Ibiblio.org. Archived from the original on 23 June 2011. Retrieved 12 October 2013.

iht.com

Brooke, James. "1945 suicide order still a trauma on Okinawa". Archived from the original on 14 January 2006. Retrieved 12 October 2013.
Japan to amend textbook accounts of Okinawa suicides Archived 19 December 2008 at the Wayback Machine Herald Tribune, 26 December 2007.

japanfocus.org

"'The World is beginning to know Okinawa': Ota Masahide reflects on his life from the Battle of Okinawa to the Struggle for Okinawa". Japanfocus.org. Archived from the original on 14 January 2015. Retrieved 6 May 2012.

japantimes.co.jp

search.japantimes.co.jp

"Okinawa marks 62nd anniversary of WWII battle". Japan Times. 24 June 2007. Archived from the original on 29 September 2007. Retrieved 14 September 2007.
Okinawa slams history text rewrite Archived 4 June 2012 at archive.today, Japan Times, 23 June 2007.
"110,000 protest history text revision order". Search.japantimes.co.jp. 30 September 2007. Archived from the original on 29 June 2012. Retrieved 12 October 2013.
Texts reinstate army's role in mass suicides: Okinawa prevails in history row Archived 29 June 2012 at archive.today Japan Times, 27 December 2007.
Witness: Military ordered mass suicides Archived 29 June 2012 at archive.today, Japan Times, 12 September 2007.
Oe testifies military behind Okinawa mass suicides Archived 12 November 2007 at the Wayback Machine, Japan Times, 10 November 2007.
Court sides with Oe over mass suicides Archived 29 June 2012 at archive.today, Japan Times, 29 March 2008.

japantimes.co.jp

"Okinawa marks 79 years since end of fierce ground battle". The Japan Times. 23 June 2024. Retrieved 31 July 2024.

jpri.org

"Recollecting the War in Okinawa". Japan Policy Research Institute. Archived from the original on 7 August 2016. Retrieved 4 February 2011.

maritimequest.com

"Daily Event for May 24, 2008, William B. Allison". Maritime Quest Article on William B. Allison. Maritime Quest. Archived from the original on 24 June 2021. Retrieved 10 June 2021.

mca-marines.org

Frame, SSgt Rudy R. Jr. "Okinawa: The Final Great Battle of World War II | Marine Corps Gazette". Mca-marines.org. Archived from the original on 14 December 2013. Retrieved 4 December 2013.

militaryhistoryonline.com

"The United States Navy assembled an unprecedented armada in March and April 1945". Militaryhistoryonline.com. Archived from the original on 16 December 2018. Retrieved 6 May 2012.

nationalww2museum.org

"Okinawa: The Costs of Victory in the Last Battle". The National WWII Museum. 7 July 2022. Retrieved 23 June 2023.
"Okinawa: The Costs of Victory in the Last Battle". The National WWII Museum | New Orleans. 7 July 2022. Retrieved 21 February 2024.

navy.mil

history.navy.mil

"H-048-1: Kamikaze Attacks on U.S. Flagships off Okinawa". Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships. Navy Department, Naval History and Heritage Command. Retrieved 30 August 2023.
https://www.history.navy.mil/research/library/online-reading-room/title-list-alphabetically/n/naval-armed-guard-service-in-world-war-ii/action-at-okinawa.html . Retrieved 11 March 2024.

nbcnews.com

Reid, Chip. "Ernie Pyle, trail-blazing war correspondent – Brought home the tragedy of D-Day and the rest of WWII" Archived 17 August 2018 at the Wayback Machine, NBC News, 7 June 2004. Retrieved 26 April 2006.

newspapers.com

https://www.newspapers.com/article/clarion-ledger-blow-by-blow-account-of/22619240/ . Retrieved 14 March 2024.

njahs.org

"Military Intelligence Service Research Center: Okinawa". Njahs.org. Archived from the original on 6 June 2020. Retrieved 12 October 2013.

nps.gov

"The Final Campaign: Marines in the Victory on Okinawa (Assault on Shuri)". Nps.gov. Archived from the original on 15 April 2010. Retrieved 5 April 2010.

nyc-shorinryu.com

"Okinawan History and Karate-do". Archived from the original on 19 August 2011.

nytimes.com

Manchester, William (14 June 1987). "The Bloodiest Battle Of All". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 7 December 2009. Retrieved 31 March 2010.
Onishi, Norimitsu (1 April 2007). "Japan's Textbooks Reflect Revised History". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 20 July 2014. Retrieved 31 March 2010.
Sims, Calvin (1 June 2000). "3 Dead Marines and a Secret of Wartime Okinawa". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 26 November 2018. Retrieved 5 April 2010.
Fackler, Martin (5 July 2013). "In Okinawa, Talk of Break From Japan Turns Serious". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 1 January 2022.

oclc.org

cgsc.contentdm.oclc.org

Army Battle Casualties and Nonbattle Deaths in World War II. Final Report, 7 December 1941-31 December 1946 p. 95 Retrieved 2/1/2024
Tenth Army After Action Report, Ryukyus, vol. 1 9-IV-1. Retrieved 2/1/2024

cdm16635.contentdm.oclc.org

"Survey of Allied tank casualties in World War II" Archived 17 July 2019 at the Wayback Machine, Technical Memorandum ORO-T-117, Department of the Army, Washington D.C.,Table 1.

pref.okinawa.jp

"Number of names Inscribed／沖縄県". Okinawa Prefecture. Retrieved 2 March 2023.
"The Cornerstone of Peace" (in Japanese). Pref.okinawa.jp. Archived from the original on 6 June 2012. Retrieved 6 May 2012.

www3.pref.okinawa.jp

"The Cornerstone of Peace – names to be inscribed". Okinawa Prefecture. Archived from the original on 27 September 2011. Retrieved 4 February 2011.

peace-museum.pref.okinawa.jp

"The Basic Concept of the Okinawa Prefectural Peace Memorial Museum". Peace-museum.pref.okinawa.jp. 1 April 2000. Archived from the original on 21 December 2019. Retrieved 12 October 2013.

sfgate.com

"Editorial – Cornerstone of Peace: A Legacy of Bloodshed". San Francisco Chronicle. 24 June 1995. Archived from the original on 12 April 2019. Retrieved 10 December 2013.

stripes.com

At 60th anniversary, Battle of Okinawa survivors recall 'Typhoon of Steel' – News – Stripes Archived 5 April 2020 at the Wayback Machine, Allen, David; Stars and Stripes; 1 April 2005.
Defiant soldier saved lives of hundreds of civilians during Okinawa battle Archived 27 January 2012 at the Wayback Machine, Stars and Stripes, 1 April 2005.

theguardian.com

David Hearst in Okinawa (7 March 2011). "Second battle of Okinawa looms as China's naval ambition grows". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 1 August 2016. Retrieved 4 December 2013.

time.com

Lisa Takeuchi Cullen (13 August 2001). "Okinawa Nights". Time. Archived from the original on 10 March 2010. Retrieved 5 April 2010.

ulethbridge.ca

Kyle Ikeda, "Unspoken Memory and Vicarious Trauma" p. 12 Retrieved 2/1/2024

usmcu.edu

This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain: Nichols, Charles; Shaw, Henry (1955). Okinawa: Victory in the Pacific (PDF). Government Printing Office. ASIN B00071UAT8. Archived (PDF) from the original on 24 March 2021. Retrieved 18 January 2021.

usni.org

"Kamikazes and Okinawa Campaign". United States Naval Institute.org. Retrieved 27 September 2024.
Hobbs, David (January 2013). "The Royal Navy's Pacific Strike Force". US Naval Institute. Archived from the original on 22 July 2018. Retrieved 26 April 2018.

usswestvirginia.org

https://www.usswestvirginia.org/stories/story.php?id=57 . Retrieved 14 March 2024.

warfarehistorynetwork.com

"The Forgotten Fleet – Warfare History Network". warfarehistorynetwork.com. 2017. Retrieved 26 September 2024.

web.archive.org

"Ryukus". US Army Center of Military History. Archived from the original on 19 September 2020. Retrieved 28 August 2020.
"Survey of Allied tank casualties in World War II" Archived 17 July 2019 at the Wayback Machine, Technical Memorandum ORO-T-117, Department of the Army, Washington D.C.,Table 1.
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain: Appleman, Roy; Burns, James; Gugeler, Russel; Stevens, John (1948). Okinawa: The Last Battle. United States Army Center of Military History. ISBN 1410222063. Archived from the original on 8 November 2010. Retrieved 14 June 2010.
Frame, SSgt Rudy R. Jr. "Okinawa: The Final Great Battle of World War II | Marine Corps Gazette". Mca-marines.org. Archived from the original on 14 December 2013. Retrieved 4 December 2013.
"11: Battle of Okinawa". Nisei.hawaii.edu. 1 April 1945. Archived from the original on 2 September 2016. Retrieved 19 July 2022.
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain: Nichols, Charles; Shaw, Henry (1955). Okinawa: Victory in the Pacific (PDF). Government Printing Office. ASIN B00071UAT8. Archived (PDF) from the original on 24 March 2021. Retrieved 18 January 2021.
"The United States Navy assembled an unprecedented armada in March and April 1945". Militaryhistoryonline.com. Archived from the original on 16 December 2018. Retrieved 6 May 2012.
"The American invasion of Okinawa was the largest amphibious invasion of all time". Historynet.com. Archived from the original on 28 March 2008. Retrieved 6 May 2012.
"Okinawa: The Typhoon of Steel". American Veterans Center. 1 April 1945. Archived from the original on 3 May 2012. Retrieved 12 October 2013.
At 60th anniversary, Battle of Okinawa survivors recall 'Typhoon of Steel' – News – Stripes Archived 5 April 2020 at the Wayback Machine, Allen, David; Stars and Stripes; 1 April 2005.
Hobbs, David (January 2013). "The Royal Navy's Pacific Strike Force". US Naval Institute. Archived from the original on 22 July 2018. Retrieved 26 April 2018.
"[Official] Himeyuri Peace Museum". www.himeyuri.or.jp. Archived from the original on 11 January 2023. Retrieved 11 January 2023.
"The Ordeals of Shuri Castle". Wonder-okinawa.jp. 15 August 1945. Archived from the original on 4 July 2009. Retrieved 5 April 2010.
"The Final Campaign: Marines in the Victory on Okinawa (Assault on Shuri)". Nps.gov. Archived from the original on 15 April 2010. Retrieved 5 April 2010.
"'The World is beginning to know Okinawa': Ota Masahide reflects on his life from the Battle of Okinawa to the Struggle for Okinawa". Japanfocus.org. Archived from the original on 14 January 2015. Retrieved 6 May 2012.
"Battle of Okinawa: The Bloodiest Battle of the Pacific War". HistoryNet. 12 June 2006. Archived from the original on 27 May 2010. Retrieved 5 April 2010.
Manchester, William (14 June 1987). "The Bloodiest Battle Of All". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 7 December 2009. Retrieved 31 March 2010.
"The Cornerstone of Peace – names to be inscribed". Okinawa Prefecture. Archived from the original on 27 September 2011. Retrieved 4 February 2011.
"Recollecting the War in Okinawa". Japan Policy Research Institute. Archived from the original on 7 August 2016. Retrieved 4 February 2011.
"Okinawa marks 62nd anniversary of WWII battle". Japan Times. 24 June 2007. Archived from the original on 29 September 2007. Retrieved 14 September 2007.
Reid, Chip. "Ernie Pyle, trail-blazing war correspondent – Brought home the tragedy of D-Day and the rest of WWII" Archived 17 August 2018 at the Wayback Machine, NBC News, 7 June 2004. Retrieved 26 April 2006.
"The Amphibians Came to Conquer". Ibiblio.org. Archived from the original on 23 June 2011. Retrieved 12 October 2013.
"Destroyer History, USS Howorth". Destroyer History. Destroyer History Foundation. Archived from the original on 28 June 2021. Retrieved 30 June 2021.
"Loss report of PGM-18". www.fold3.com. Archived from the original on 29 June 2021. Retrieved 9 April 2020.
"Loss report of YMS-103". www.fold3.com. Archived from the original on 28 June 2021. Retrieved 9 April 2020.
"Daily Event for May 24, 2008, William B. Allison". Maritime Quest Article on William B. Allison. Maritime Quest. Archived from the original on 24 June 2021. Retrieved 10 June 2021.
"The Basic Concept of the Okinawa Prefectural Peace Memorial Museum". Peace-museum.pref.okinawa.jp. 1 April 2000. Archived from the original on 21 December 2019. Retrieved 12 October 2013.
Brooke, James. "1945 suicide order still a trauma on Okinawa". Archived from the original on 14 January 2006. Retrieved 12 October 2013.
Onishi, Norimitsu (1 April 2007). "Japan's Textbooks Reflect Revised History". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 20 July 2014. Retrieved 31 March 2010.
"Editorial – Cornerstone of Peace: A Legacy of Bloodshed". San Francisco Chronicle. 24 June 1995. Archived from the original on 12 April 2019. Retrieved 10 December 2013.
Molasky, Michael S. (1999). The American Occupation of Japan and Okinawa: Literature and Memory. Routledge. p. 16. ISBN 978-0415191944. Archived from the original on 23 January 2023. Retrieved 18 January 2021.
Molasky, Michael S.; Rabson, Steve (2000). Southern Exposure: Modern Japanese Literature from Okinawa. University of Hawaii Press. p. 22. ISBN 978-0824823009. Archived from the original on 23 January 2023. Retrieved 18 January 2021.
Sheehan, Susan D; Hein, Laura; Selden, Mark (9 April 2003). Islands of Discontent: Okinawan Responses to Japanese and American Power. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. p. 18. ISBN 978-1461637929. Archived from the original on 23 January 2023. Retrieved 1 June 2022.
"Military Intelligence Service Research Center: Okinawa". Njahs.org. Archived from the original on 6 June 2020. Retrieved 12 October 2013.
Defiant soldier saved lives of hundreds of civilians during Okinawa battle Archived 27 January 2012 at the Wayback Machine, Stars and Stripes, 1 April 2005.
Saito, Toru. "Pressure to prove loyalty paved way for mass suicides in Battle of Okinawa – AJW by The Asahi Shimbun". Asahi Shimbun. Archived from the original on 13 December 2013. Retrieved 11 December 2013.
Sims, Calvin (1 June 2000). "3 Dead Marines and a Secret of Wartime Okinawa". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 26 November 2018. Retrieved 5 April 2010.
Lisa Takeuchi Cullen (13 August 2001). "Okinawa Nights". Time. Archived from the original on 10 March 2010. Retrieved 5 April 2010.
Gheddo, Piero. "Japan: Okinawa against Tokyo's attempts to rewrite history – Asia News". Asianews.it. Archived from the original on 20 June 2020. Retrieved 4 December 2013.
Japan to amend textbook accounts of Okinawa suicides Archived 19 December 2008 at the Wayback Machine Herald Tribune, 26 December 2007.
Okinawa's war time wounds reopened Archived 6 June 2020 at the Wayback Machine BBC News, 17 November 2007.
Oe testifies military behind Okinawa mass suicides Archived 12 November 2007 at the Wayback Machine, Japan Times, 10 November 2007.
Nayoki Himeno, Director humanizes tragedy of Okinawan mass suicides Archived 28 May 2013 at the Wayback Machine, The Asashi Shimbun, 24 May 2012.
"Okinawan History and Karate-do". Archived from the original on 19 August 2011.
David Hearst in Okinawa (7 March 2011). "Second battle of Okinawa looms as China's naval ambition grows". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 1 August 2016. Retrieved 4 December 2013.
"Soviets declare war on Japan; invade Manchuria". Archived 3 September 2020 at the Wayback Machine History.com. A&E Television Networks, n.d. Web. 6 July 2014.
"Did Nuclear Weapons Cause Japan to Surrender?". Archived 24 September 2021 at the Wayback Machine Wilson, Ward. YouTube. Carnegie Council for Ethics in International Affairs, 16 January 2013. Web. 6 July 2014.
"Why did Japan surrender?" Archived 26 July 2020 at the Wayback Machine. Boston Globe. 7 August 2011.
"The Cornerstone of Peace" (in Japanese). Pref.okinawa.jp. Archived from the original on 6 June 2012. Retrieved 6 May 2012.
"Press rewind: Trump, Tokyo and a welcome back to the 1980s". BBC News. 9 February 2017. Archived from the original on 22 September 2018. Retrieved 10 February 2017.

webharvest.gov

Huber, Thomas (May 1990). "Japan's battle of Okinawa, April–June 1945". Combined Arms Research Library. Archived from the original on 16 October 2004.

wikipedia.org

en.m.wikipedia.org

"Okinawa naval order of battle". wikipedia. Retrieved 26 September 2024.

wonder-okinawa.jp

"The Ordeals of Shuri Castle". Wonder-okinawa.jp. 15 August 1945. Archived from the original on 4 July 2009. Retrieved 5 April 2010.

youtube.com

m.youtube.com

"Did Nuclear Weapons Cause Japan to Surrender?". Archived 24 September 2021 at the Wayback Machine Wilson, Ward. YouTube. Carnegie Council for Ethics in International Affairs, 16 January 2013. Web. 6 July 2014.