Battle of Raqqa (2017) (English Wikipedia)

Tidningarnas Telegrambyrå. "USA-ledd flygräd krävde 20 civila liv" (in Swedish), Svenska Dagbladet, 5 June 2017. Retrieved 9 June 2017. (N.b. the headline reads "20 civilians" while the article reads "at least 21 civilians".)

syriadirect.org

Mohammad Abdulssattar Ibrahim; Maria Nelson (6 June 2017). "Syrian Democratic Forces break through Raqqa city limits for first time, capture neighborhoods". Syria Direct. Retrieved 7 June 2017.
Mohammad Abdulssattar Ibrahim; Maria Nelson (12 July 2017). "Bloody urban fight for Raqqa city drags on amid 'vicious' IS counterattacks". SYRIA:direct. Archived from the original on 6 August 2017. Retrieved 20 July 2017.
"A 'shift' in strategy in Raqqa city amid rising civilian, military toll". SYRIA:Direct. 18 July 2017. Archived from the original on 22 July 2017. Retrieved 20 July 2017.
Noura Hourani; Justin Clark (14 August 2017). "Behind the Islamic State's Raqqa frontlines: 'People are just waiting for their turn to die'". SYRIA:direct. Retrieved 16 August 2017.
Madeline Edwards (20 September 2017). "US-backed 'scorched-earth' siege traps Raqqa civilians in fight to drive out Islamic State". Syria:direct. Archived from the original on 24 September 2017. Retrieved 22 September 2017.

syriahr.com

"Al-Raqqah city is free of ISIS and declaration of control bound to the sweep's end". Syrian Observatory for Human Rights. 21 September 2017. Retrieved 22 September 2017.
"The Battle to Oust ISIS From Raqqa Has Stalled". Syrian Observatory for Human Rights. 26 August 2017. Retrieved 31 August 2017.
"مدينة الرقة في عام على طرد التنظيم منها….خراب لم يجرِ إعادة إعماره…فلتان أمني… وجثث منتشلة رفعت إلى 3650 مدني ومقاتل استشهدوا وقضوا وقتلوا".
"Repeated attempts by the "Euphrates Wrath" Operation Forces and the American forces to control the Division 17 and the sugar factory and preparations for an offensive on the second neighbourhood in Al-Raqqah city and advancement at its western outskirts". Syrian Observatory for Human Rights.
"International Coalition's warplanes kill an activist of the Syrian Observatory and 22 civilians in Al-Raqqah and the "Euphrates Wrath" Operation Forces control the first neighbourhood almost completely". Syrian Observatory for Human Rights.
"After repelling their attack in the Division 17, "Euphrates Wrath" Operation Forces enter the second neighborhood in Al-Raqqah and take control of half of it and attempt to break into the third neighborhood". Syrian Observatory for Human Rights.
"More casualties raise the death toll to about 80 in the continued shelling on Al-Raqqah city". Syrian Observatory for Human Rights.
"With 6 days of consecutive clashes… the Elite Forces enter the 2nd neighbourhood east of Al-Raqqah and SDF control large parts of the 2nd neighbourhood west of it". Syrian Observatory for Human Rights.
"After the slowdown of the grand battel of Al-Raqqah… ISIS follows the tunnel tactic and besieges a group of fighters of the "Euphrates Wrath" Operation". Syrian Observatory for Human Rights. 19 June 2017. Retrieved 20 June 2017.
"Drone loaded with bombs downed in the sky of Al-Raqqah city and the "Islamic State" organization carries out a violent counter-attack at the walls of the old city". Syrian Observatory for Human Rights. 2017-06-19. Retrieved 2017-06-19.
"Syrian Elite Forces break the siege of their 15 fighters at Bab Baghdad at the outskirts of the old city and lose their fourth fighter in the "Euphrates Wrath" Operation". 2017-06-19. Retrieved 2017-06-19.
"In the highest daily death toll since the start of the grand battle of Al-Raqqah… 45 dead from the "Islamic State" organization in the clashes and continued shelling in the city". Syrian Observatory for Human Rights. 20 June 2017. Retrieved 20 June 2017.
"Violent clashes in Al-Raqqah city and the "Islamic State" organization spares no effort to regain control of what it lost". Syrian Observatory for Human Rights. 26 June 2017. Retrieved 27 June 2017.
"Continued clashes at the southern banks of the Euphrates, south of Al-Raqqah city". Syrian Observatory for Human Rights. 26 June 2017. Retrieved 26 June 2017.
"SDF carry out a violent attack at the walls of the old city of Al-Raqqah and advance at the southern banks of the Euphrates River". Syrian Observatory for Human Rights. 27 June 2017. Retrieved 27 June 2017.
"A new front against ISIS in Al-Raqqah city". Syrian Observatory for Human Rights. 2 July 2017. Retrieved 2 July 2017.
"Continued battles in areas in Al-Raqqah city as part of the Grand Battle of Al-Raqqah". Syrian Observatory for Human Rights. 5 July 2017. Retrieved 6 July 2017.
"The "Euphrates Wrath" Operation Forces move 200 meters deeper into the Old City and 30 rebels killed within hours of attacks and clashes". Syrian Observatory for Human Rights. 5 July 2017. Retrieved 6 July 2017.
"Violent battles continue in Al-Raqqah city, ISIS carries out counter attacks and the "Euphrates Wrath" Operation Forces take control of more buildings". Syrian Observatory for Human Rights. 6 July 2017. Retrieved 6 July 2017.
"Massive military reinforcements from the Coalition arrive to the Syria Democratic Forces and head to take part in the grand battle of Al-Raqqah". Syrian Observatory for Human Rights. 6 July 2017. Retrieved 6 July 2017.
"Massive military reinforcements from the Coalition arrive to the Syria Democratic Forces and head to take part in the grand battle of Al-Raqqah". Syrian Observatory for Human Rights. 8 July 2017. Retrieved 11 July 2017.
"About 55% of the city of al-Raqqa is under the control of the Syria Democratic Forces as the Grand Battle of al-Raqqa completes its second month". Syrian Observatory for Human Rights. 6 August 2017. Retrieved 7 August 2017.
"Renewed violent clashes accompanied by a bombing south of the Euphrates River in the southern countryside of Al-Raqqah". Syrian Observatory for Human Rights. 10 July 2017. Retrieved 11 July 2017.
"The "Islamic State: organization loses the village where more than 200 of its members were executed southeast of Al-Raqqah city". Syrian Observatory for Human Rights. 11 July 2017. Retrieved 11 July 2017.
"Violent clashes continue in several areas in Al-Raqqah city". Syrian Observatory for Human Rights. 15 July 2017. Retrieved 20 July 2017.
""Euphrates Wrath" Operation Forces control about 35% of Al-Raqqah city's area and prepare for the conclusive battle". Syrian Observatory for Human Rights. 12 July 2017. Retrieved 20 July 2017.
"SDF achieve a new advancement southwest of Al-Raqqah city within grand battle of Al-Raqqah". Syrian Observatory for Human Rights. 18 July 2017. Retrieved 20 July 2017.
""Islamic State" organization intensifies counter-attacks in its stronghold in Syria, and SDF advances slowly within neighborhoods of Al-Raqqah city after the killing of 560 fighters". Syrian Observatory for Human Rights. 20 July 2017. Retrieved 20 July 2017.
"Clashes continue in Al-Raqqah city and airstrikes target the city and its countryside". Syrian Observatory for Human Rights. 22 July 2017. Retrieved 24 July 2017.
"The Syria Democratic Forces control about 41% of ISIS stronghold after 7 weeks of the grand battle of Al-Raqqah". Syrian Observatory for Human Rights. 24 July 2017. Retrieved 24 July 2017.
"After 50 days of the start of the grand battle of Al-Raqqah… the SDF control about 50% of the city". Syrian Observatory for Human Rights. 27 July 2017. Retrieved 28 July 2017.
"Clashes in areas in the stronghold of ISIS and more bombardments hit Al-Raqqah city". Syrian Observatory for Human Rights. 30 July 2017. Retrieved 30 July 2017.
"For the first time … The Forces of SDF coming from the east meet with their forces coming from the west in the southern part of Al-Raqqah city and continued battles to go deeper towards the city center". Syrian Observatory for Human Rights. 3 August 2017. Retrieved 7 August 2017.
"The Syria Democratic Forces backed by the International Coalition besiege the center of al-Raqqa city from 3 sides and continue their operations to go deep into the center of the city". Syrian Observatory for Human Rights. 3 August 2017. Retrieved 7 August 2017.
"Only grains and legumes in Al-Raqqah kitchens and ISIS opens the way for about 3000 people to flee the escalated clash areas". Syrian Observatory for Human Rights. 5 August 2017. Retrieved 7 August 2017.
"The Organization of "Caliphate State" intends to use its chemical weapons stockpile in the last round of the grand battle of Al-Raqqah". Syrian Observatory for Human Rights. 1 August 2017. Retrieved 7 August 2017.
"Military reinforcements, vehicles and weapons reach again the Syria Democratic Forces in the vicinity of Al-Raqqah city". Syrian Observatory for Human Rights. 8 August 2017. Retrieved 16 August 2017.
"Continuous clash in areas in neighborhoods of Al-Raqqah city and a renewed shelling by the International Coalition". Syrian Observatory for Human Rights. 12 August 2017. Retrieved 16 August 2017.
"Clashes in the eastern countryside of Hama and the International Coalition warplanes renew the shelling on Al-Raqqah". Syrian Observatory for Human Rights. 13 August 2017. Retrieved 16 August 2017.
"A new counterattack by the "Islamic State" organization east of al-Raqqa". Syrian Observatory for Human Rights. 14 August 2017. Retrieved 16 August 2017.
"After 70 days of the start of the grand battle of Al-Raqqah… SDF supported by the International Coalition's Special Forces control 57% of Al-Raqqah city". Syrian Observatory for Human Rights. 14 August 2017. Retrieved 16 August 2017.
"SDF advance and control by firearm new positions in al-Raqqa city and the violent clashes are still ongoing on several fronts in the city". Syrian Observatory for Human Rights. 17 August 2017. Retrieved 21 August 2017.
"Renewed clashes in the Old City and other areas in the city of Al-Raqqah". Syrian Observatory for Human Rights. 20 August 2017. Retrieved 21 August 2017.
"The SDF achieve new advancement and control about 90% of the Old City in Al-Raqqah approaching a new area towards the center of the city". Syrian Observatory for Human Rights. 29 August 2017. Retrieved 31 August 2017.
"Continuous clashes in the vicinity of the center of the city of Raqqa". Syrian Observatory for Human Rights. 31 August 2017. Retrieved 31 August 2017.
"Violent fighting in Al-Raqqah city center and continued clashes in Albu Sarayah Alley in the Old Town". Syrian Observatory for Human Rights. 2 September 2017. Retrieved 9 September 2017.
"80 days after starting the battles in the old city of Raqqa, the SDF fully control it after the restored al-Busariya alley". Syrian Observatory for Human Rights. 2 September 2017. Retrieved 9 September 2017.
"The death of 11 civilians in Al-Raqqah city raises to about 1000 citizens killed by the International Coalition in the city since the start of the grand battle of Al-Raqqah". Syrian Observatory for Human Rights. 9 September 2017. Retrieved 9 September 2017.
"On the 100th day of the grand battle of Al-Raqqah… SDF control more than two thirds of Al-Raqqah city". Syrian Observatory for Human Rights. 14 September 2017. Retrieved 22 September 2017.
"After the death of about 3000 civilians and fighters… the grand battle of Al-Raqqah approaches its end". Syrian Observatory for Human Rights. 17 September 2017. Retrieved 22 September 2017.

tagesschau.de

Volkmar Kabisch; Reiko Pinkert (29 March 2017). "Zivile Opfer in Syrien. Bundeswehr in verheerenden Luftschlag involviert" (in German). Tagesschau (Germany). Retrieved 29 March 2017.

tass.com

Минобороны: США и коалиция разбомбили Ракку, как Дрезден в 1945 году (Russian Defense Ministry compares US coalition bombing of Raqqa to destruction of Dresden) TASS, 22 October 2017.

tass.ru

Минобороны: США и коалиция разбомбили Ракку, как Дрезден в 1945 году (Russian Defense Ministry compares US coalition bombing of Raqqa to destruction of Dresden) TASS, 22 October 2017.

telegraph.co.uk

Steven Swinford (25 December 2016). "Operation Raqqa: British RAF pilots to switch bombing raids to 'the heart' of Isil". The Daily Telegraph. Archived from the original on 2022-01-12. Retrieved 16 January 2017.

thedefensepost.com

"Raqqa civil defense uncovers ISIS mass grave of 3,500 people". The Defense Post. 21 February 2019.

theguardian.com

Martin Chulov (6 October 2017). "The fall of Raqqa: hunting the last jihadists in Isis's capital of cruelty". The Guardian. Retrieved 10 October 2017.
Damien Gayle (14 October 2017). "Last Isis fighters in Raqqa broker deal to leave Syrian city – local official". The Guardian. Retrieved 17 October 2017.

thetimes.co.uk

Richard Spencer (24 August 2017). "Raqqa's historic clock tower falls to advancing Kurdish forces". The Times. Retrieved 31 August 2017.

time.com

Malsin, Jared. "Raqqa Is in Ruins, and ISIS in Retreat". TIME.com. Retrieved 2023-08-10.

twitter.com

Ahmed, Cihan Shekh [@cihan_shekh] (June 12, 2017). "قواتنا تتقدم في حي الصناعة من الجهة الشرقية وحي حطين من الجهة الغربية" (Tweet) (in Arabic) – via Twitter.
Raqqa24 (2017-06-15). "Many US soldiers wounded due VBIED attack by #Daesh on their location in Sina'a neighborhood eastern side of #Raqqa. #R24". @24Raqqa. Retrieved 2017-06-18.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
vergès, j-c [@melisaraimmo] (June 18, 2017). "#WrathOfEuphrates violent clashes between #SDF Manbij MC and #ISIS around Kasrat Jumaa, southern Euphrates River, south #Raqqah city.SOHRpic.twitter.com/ngTK7hKVob" (Tweet) – via Twitter.

un.int

"US-led coalition used banned white phosphorus on civilians in Syria – Damascus to UN | Syria". www.un.int.

vice.com

news.vice.com

Aris Roussinos (19 September 2017). "Inside The Fight To Retake Raqqa From ISIS".

voanews.com

Sirwan Kajjo (21 December 2016). "Kurdish-Arab Forces in Syria Make Gains in Raqqa Province". Voice of America.
Mahmoud Bali (12 June 1017). "Female Commander Leads Anti-IS Fighters in Hometown Raqqa". Voice of America.
Dettmer, Jamie (2017-07-10). "Battle to Retake Raqqa a Desperate House-to-House Fight". VOA. Retrieved 2023-08-10.
Jamie Dettmer (10 July 2017). "Battle to Retake Raqqa a Desperate House-to-House Fight". Voice of America. Retrieved 11 July 2017.
Jamie Dettmer (11 July 2017). "Deficit of Trust Between Arabs, Kurds Complicates Raqqa Battle". Voice of America. Retrieved 11 July 2017.
Mahmoud Bali (1 August 2017). "US-backed Forces Press Deeper Into Southern Raqqa City". Voice of America. Retrieved 16 August 2017.
Mahmoud Bali (6 September 2017). "US-backed Forces Advance Against IS in Central Raqqa". Voice of America. Retrieved 9 September 2017.

washingtonpost.com

"U.S.-led airstrikes are killing hundreds of civilians in the battle for ISIS-held Raqqa, groups say". The Washington Post. 23 August 2017.
Ignatius, David (2018-02-14). "The lessons the United States should learn from Raqqa". Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved 2023-08-12.
"U.S.-led forces appear to be using white phosphorus in populated areas in Iraq and Syria". The Washington Post. Retrieved 2017-06-11.

web.archive.org

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westpoint.edu

mwi.westpoint.edu

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worldcat.org

Ignatius, David (2018-02-14). "The lessons the United States should learn from Raqqa". Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved 2023-08-12.

ypgrojava.org

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zamanalwsl.net

en.zamanalwsl.net

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