Battle of Siffin (English Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Battle of Siffin" in English language version.

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Shah-Kazemi 2022, p. 84. Shah-Kazemi, Reza (2022). Imam 'Ali: Concise History, Timeless Mystery. I.B. Tauris.
Jafri 1979, p. 53. Jafri, S.H.M (1979). Origins and Early Development of Shia Islam. London: Longman.
Jafri 1979, p. 63. Jafri, S.H.M (1979). Origins and Early Development of Shia Islam. London: Longman.
Daftary 2013, p. 30. Daftary, Farhad (2013). A History of Shi'i Islam. I.B. Tauris. ISBN 9780755608669.
Cappucci 2014, p. 19. Cappucci, John (2014). "'A'ISHA (614–678)". In Fitzpatrick, Coeli; Walker, Adam Hani (eds.). Muhammad in History, Thought, and Culture: An Encyclopedia of the Prophet of God. Vol. 1. ABC-CLIO. pp. 18–20. ISBN 9781610691789.
Jafri 1979, p. 59. Jafri, S.H.M (1979). Origins and Early Development of Shia Islam. London: Longman.
Jafri 1979, p. 62. Jafri, S.H.M (1979). Origins and Early Development of Shia Islam. London: Longman.
Ayoub 2014, p. 62. Ayoub, Mahmoud M. (2014). The Crisis of Muslim History: Religion and Politics in Early Islam. Oneworld Publications. ISBN 9781780746746.
Donner 2010, p. 157. Donner, Fred M. (2010). Muhammad and the Believers: At the Origins of Islam. Harvard University Press. ISBN 9780674064140.
Anthony 2013, p. 31. Anthony, Sean W. (2013). "'Ali b. Abi Talib (ca. 599–661)". In Bowering, Gerhard; Crone, Patricia; Kadi, Wadad; Mirza, Mahan; Stewart, Devin J.; Zaman, Muhammad Qasim (eds.). The Princeton encyclopedia of Islamic political thought. Princeton University Press. pp. 30–32. ISBN 9780691134840.
Veccia Vaglieri 1970, p. 68. Veccia Vaglieri, Laura (1970). "The Patriarchal and Umayyad Caliphates". In Holt, Peter M.; Lambton, Ann K.S.; Lewis, Bernard (eds.). The Cambridge History of Islam. Vol. 1. Cambridge University Press. pp. 57–103.
Ayoub 2014, p. 71. Ayoub, Mahmoud M. (2014). The Crisis of Muslim History: Religion and Politics in Early Islam. Oneworld Publications. ISBN 9781780746746.
Kennedy 2015, p. 64. Kennedy, Hugh (2015). The Prophet and the Age of the Caliphates: The Islamic Near East from the Sixth to the Eleventh Century. Routledge.
Glassé 2001c, p. 423. Glassé, Cyril, ed. (2001c). "Shi'ism". The New Encyclopedia of Islam. AltaMira Press. pp. 422–428. ISBN 9780759101890.
Donner 2010, p. 152. Donner, Fred M. (2010). Muhammad and the Believers: At the Origins of Islam. Harvard University Press. ISBN 9780674064140.
Kennedy 2015, p. 65. Kennedy, Hugh (2015). The Prophet and the Age of the Caliphates: The Islamic Near East from the Sixth to the Eleventh Century. Routledge.
Ayoub 2014, p. 76. Ayoub, Mahmoud M. (2014). The Crisis of Muslim History: Religion and Politics in Early Islam. Oneworld Publications. ISBN 9781780746746.
Shah-Kazemi 2022, p. 85. Shah-Kazemi, Reza (2022). Imam 'Ali: Concise History, Timeless Mystery. I.B. Tauris.
Donner 2010, p. 158. Donner, Fred M. (2010). Muhammad and the Believers: At the Origins of Islam. Harvard University Press. ISBN 9780674064140.
Jafri 1979, p. 28. Jafri, S.H.M (1979). Origins and Early Development of Shia Islam. London: Longman.
Veccia Vaglieri 1970, p. 69. Veccia Vaglieri, Laura (1970). "The Patriarchal and Umayyad Caliphates". In Holt, Peter M.; Lambton, Ann K.S.; Lewis, Bernard (eds.). The Cambridge History of Islam. Vol. 1. Cambridge University Press. pp. 57–103.
Wellhausen 1927, p. 49. Wellhausen, Julius (1927). The Arab Kingdom and Its Fall. Translated by Weir, Margaret G. University of Calcutta.
Ayoub 2014, p. 64. Ayoub, Mahmoud M. (2014). The Crisis of Muslim History: Religion and Politics in Early Islam. Oneworld Publications. ISBN 9781780746746.
Lapidus 2014, p. 56. Lapidus, Ira M. (2014). A History of Islamic Societies. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521514309.
Ayoub 2014, p. 81. Ayoub, Mahmoud M. (2014). The Crisis of Muslim History: Religion and Politics in Early Islam. Oneworld Publications. ISBN 9781780746746.
Shaban 1970, p. 71. Shaban, M.A. (1970). Islamic History: Volume 1, AD 600–750 (AH 132): A New Interpretation. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521291316.
Donner 2010, p. 160. Donner, Fred M. (2010). Muhammad and the Believers: At the Origins of Islam. Harvard University Press. ISBN 9780674064140.
Kennedy 2015, p. 66. Kennedy, Hugh (2015). The Prophet and the Age of the Caliphates: The Islamic Near East from the Sixth to the Eleventh Century. Routledge.
Ayoub 2014, p. 96. Ayoub, Mahmoud M. (2014). The Crisis of Muslim History: Religion and Politics in Early Islam. Oneworld Publications. ISBN 9781780746746.
Ayoub 2014, p. 97. Ayoub, Mahmoud M. (2014). The Crisis of Muslim History: Religion and Politics in Early Islam. Oneworld Publications. ISBN 9781780746746.
Ayoub 2014, p. 93. Ayoub, Mahmoud M. (2014). The Crisis of Muslim History: Religion and Politics in Early Islam. Oneworld Publications. ISBN 9781780746746.
Ayoub 2014, p. 94. Ayoub, Mahmoud M. (2014). The Crisis of Muslim History: Religion and Politics in Early Islam. Oneworld Publications. ISBN 9781780746746.
Ayoub 2014, p. 136. Ayoub, Mahmoud M. (2014). The Crisis of Muslim History: Religion and Politics in Early Islam. Oneworld Publications. ISBN 9781780746746.
Ayoub 2014, p. 98. Ayoub, Mahmoud M. (2014). The Crisis of Muslim History: Religion and Politics in Early Islam. Oneworld Publications. ISBN 9781780746746.
Donner 2010, p. 161. Donner, Fred M. (2010). Muhammad and the Believers: At the Origins of Islam. Harvard University Press. ISBN 9780674064140.
Ayoub 2014, p. 99. Ayoub, Mahmoud M. (2014). The Crisis of Muslim History: Religion and Politics in Early Islam. Oneworld Publications. ISBN 9781780746746.
Shaban 1970, p. 75. Shaban, M.A. (1970). Islamic History: Volume 1, AD 600–750 (AH 132): A New Interpretation. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521291316.
Ayoub 2014, p. 100. Ayoub, Mahmoud M. (2014). The Crisis of Muslim History: Religion and Politics in Early Islam. Oneworld Publications. ISBN 9781780746746.
Kennedy 2015, p. 69. Kennedy, Hugh (2015). The Prophet and the Age of the Caliphates: The Islamic Near East from the Sixth to the Eleventh Century. Routledge.
Ayoub 2014, pp. 99–100. Ayoub, Mahmoud M. (2014). The Crisis of Muslim History: Religion and Politics in Early Islam. Oneworld Publications. ISBN 9781780746746.
Ayoub 2014, pp. 100–1. Ayoub, Mahmoud M. (2014). The Crisis of Muslim History: Religion and Politics in Early Islam. Oneworld Publications. ISBN 9781780746746.
Ayoub 2014, p. 107. Ayoub, Mahmoud M. (2014). The Crisis of Muslim History: Religion and Politics in Early Islam. Oneworld Publications. ISBN 9781780746746.
Ayoub 2014, p. 101. Ayoub, Mahmoud M. (2014). The Crisis of Muslim History: Religion and Politics in Early Islam. Oneworld Publications. ISBN 9781780746746.
Ayoub 2014, pp. 101–3. Ayoub, Mahmoud M. (2014). The Crisis of Muslim History: Religion and Politics in Early Islam. Oneworld Publications. ISBN 9781780746746.
Shah-Kazemi 2022, p. 93. Shah-Kazemi, Reza (2022). Imam 'Ali: Concise History, Timeless Mystery. I.B. Tauris.
Dakake 2005, p. 1. Dakake, Maria Massi (2005). "Ṣiffīn, Battle of". In McAuliffe, Jane Dammen (ed.). Encyclopaedia of the Qurʼān. Vol. 5. pp. 1–2. ISBN 978-90-04-12356-4.
Rahman 1989, pp. 57–8. Rahman, Habib Ur (1989). A Chronology of Islamic History, 570–1000 CE. G.K. Hall. ISBN 9780816190676.
Afsaruddin 2013, pp. 52–3. Afsaruddin, Asma (2013). The First Muslims: History and Memory. Oneworld Publications. ISBN 9781780744483.
Ayoub 2014, p. 104. Ayoub, Mahmoud M. (2014). The Crisis of Muslim History: Religion and Politics in Early Islam. Oneworld Publications. ISBN 9781780746746.
Shah-Kazemi 2014, p. 23. Shah-Kazemi, Reza (2014). "'Ali IBN ABI TALIB (599–661)". In Fitzpatrick, Coeli; Walker, Adam Hani (eds.). Muhammad in History, Thought, and Culture: An Encyclopedia of the Prophet of God. ABC-CLIO. pp. 20–24. ISBN 9781610691789.
Shaban 1970, p. 73. Shaban, M.A. (1970). Islamic History: Volume 1, AD 600–750 (AH 132): A New Interpretation. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521291316.
Shah-Kazemi 2022, pp. 95–6. Shah-Kazemi, Reza (2022). Imam 'Ali: Concise History, Timeless Mystery. I.B. Tauris.
Tabatabai 1975, p. 45. Tabatabai, Sayyid Mohammad Hosayn (1975). Shi'ite Islam. Translated by Sayyid Hossein Nasr. State University of New York Press. ISBN 0-87395-390-8.
Shaban 1970, p. 74. Shaban, M.A. (1970). Islamic History: Volume 1, AD 600–750 (AH 132): A New Interpretation. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521291316.
Ayoub 2014, p. 105. Ayoub, Mahmoud M. (2014). The Crisis of Muslim History: Religion and Politics in Early Islam. Oneworld Publications. ISBN 9781780746746.
Ayoub 2014, p. 103. Ayoub, Mahmoud M. (2014). The Crisis of Muslim History: Religion and Politics in Early Islam. Oneworld Publications. ISBN 9781780746746.
Ayoub 2014, pp. 103–4. Ayoub, Mahmoud M. (2014). The Crisis of Muslim History: Religion and Politics in Early Islam. Oneworld Publications. ISBN 9781780746746.
Jafri 1979, p. 65. Jafri, S.H.M (1979). Origins and Early Development of Shia Islam. London: Longman.
Ayoub 2014, p. 113. Ayoub, Mahmoud M. (2014). The Crisis of Muslim History: Religion and Politics in Early Islam. Oneworld Publications. ISBN 9781780746746.
Adamec 2016, p. 407. Adamec, Ludwig W. (2016). Historical Dictionary of Islam. Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN 9781442277243.
Shah-Kazemi 2022, p. 90. Shah-Kazemi, Reza (2022). Imam 'Ali: Concise History, Timeless Mystery. I.B. Tauris.
Ayoub 2014, p. 82. Ayoub, Mahmoud M. (2014). The Crisis of Muslim History: Religion and Politics in Early Islam. Oneworld Publications. ISBN 9781780746746.
Kelsay 1993, p. 84. Kelsay, John (1993). Islam and War: A Study in Comparative Ethics. Westminster John Knox Press. ISBN 9780664253028.
Jafri 1979, pp. 64, 99n32. Jafri, S.H.M (1979). Origins and Early Development of Shia Islam. London: Longman.
Ayoub 2014, p. 74. Ayoub, Mahmoud M. (2014). The Crisis of Muslim History: Religion and Politics in Early Islam. Oneworld Publications. ISBN 9781780746746.
Kennedy 2015, p. 67. Kennedy, Hugh (2015). The Prophet and the Age of the Caliphates: The Islamic Near East from the Sixth to the Eleventh Century. Routledge.
Ayoub 2014, p. 134. Ayoub, Mahmoud M. (2014). The Crisis of Muslim History: Religion and Politics in Early Islam. Oneworld Publications. ISBN 9781780746746.
Esposito 1992, p. 37. Esposito, John L. (1992). Islam: The Straight Path. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780195074727.
Jafri 1979, p. 68. Jafri, S.H.M (1979). Origins and Early Development of Shia Islam. London: Longman.
Tabatabai 1975, p. 64. Tabatabai, Sayyid Mohammad Hosayn (1975). Shi'ite Islam. Translated by Sayyid Hossein Nasr. State University of New York Press. ISBN 0-87395-390-8.
Hazleton 2009, p. 183. Hazleton, Lesley (2009). After the Prophet: The Epic Story of the Shia-Sunni Split in Islam. Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group. ISBN 9780385532099.
Tabatabai 1975, p. 46. Tabatabai, Sayyid Mohammad Hosayn (1975). Shi'ite Islam. Translated by Sayyid Hossein Nasr. State University of New York Press. ISBN 0-87395-390-8.
Kennedy 2013, pp. 8–9. Kennedy, Hugh (2013). The Armies of the Caliphs: Military and Society in the Early Islamic State. Routledge. ISBN 9781134531134.
Ayoub 2014, pp. 107–8. Ayoub, Mahmoud M. (2014). The Crisis of Muslim History: Religion and Politics in Early Islam. Oneworld Publications. ISBN 9781780746746.
Ayoub 2014, p. 116. Ayoub, Mahmoud M. (2014). The Crisis of Muslim History: Religion and Politics in Early Islam. Oneworld Publications. ISBN 9781780746746.
Ayoub 2014, pp. 96–7. Ayoub, Mahmoud M. (2014). The Crisis of Muslim History: Religion and Politics in Early Islam. Oneworld Publications. ISBN 9781780746746.
Lewis 2002, p. 62. Lewis, Bernard (2002). Arabs in History. OUP Oxford. ISBN 9780191647161.
Ayoub 2014, p. 108. Ayoub, Mahmoud M. (2014). The Crisis of Muslim History: Religion and Politics in Early Islam. Oneworld Publications. ISBN 9781780746746.
Wellhausen 1927, p. 55. Wellhausen, Julius (1927). The Arab Kingdom and Its Fall. Translated by Weir, Margaret G. University of Calcutta.
Ayoub 2014, p. 111. Ayoub, Mahmoud M. (2014). The Crisis of Muslim History: Religion and Politics in Early Islam. Oneworld Publications. ISBN 9781780746746.
Ayoub 2014, p. 112. Ayoub, Mahmoud M. (2014). The Crisis of Muslim History: Religion and Politics in Early Islam. Oneworld Publications. ISBN 9781780746746.
Hazleton 2009, p. 198. Hazleton, Lesley (2009). After the Prophet: The Epic Story of the Shia-Sunni Split in Islam. Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group. ISBN 9780385532099.
Kennedy 2013, p. 11. Kennedy, Hugh (2013). The Armies of the Caliphs: Military and Society in the Early Islamic State. Routledge. ISBN 9781134531134.
Ayoub 2014, p. 119. Ayoub, Mahmoud M. (2014). The Crisis of Muslim History: Religion and Politics in Early Islam. Oneworld Publications. ISBN 9781780746746.
Ayoub 2014, p. 120. Ayoub, Mahmoud M. (2014). The Crisis of Muslim History: Religion and Politics in Early Islam. Oneworld Publications. ISBN 9781780746746.
Aslan 2011, pp. 136–7. Aslan, Reza (2011). No god But God: The Origins, Evolution, and Future of Islam. Random House. ISBN 9780812982442.
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Aslan 2011, p. 137. Aslan, Reza (2011). No god But God: The Origins, Evolution, and Future of Islam. Random House. ISBN 9780812982442.
Adamec 2016, p. 406. Adamec, Ludwig W. (2016). Historical Dictionary of Islam. Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN 9781442277243.
Veccia Vaglieri 1970, p. 70. Veccia Vaglieri, Laura (1970). "The Patriarchal and Umayyad Caliphates". In Holt, Peter M.; Lambton, Ann K.S.; Lewis, Bernard (eds.). The Cambridge History of Islam. Vol. 1. Cambridge University Press. pp. 57–103.
Glassé 2001b, p. 49. Glassé, Cyril, ed. (2001b). "'Amr ibn al-'Āsī (d. 42/663)". The New Encyclopedia of Islam. AltaMira Press. pp. 48–49. ISBN 9780759101890.
Ayoub 2014, p. 122. Ayoub, Mahmoud M. (2014). The Crisis of Muslim History: Religion and Politics in Early Islam. Oneworld Publications. ISBN 9781780746746.
Ayoub 2014, p. 123. Ayoub, Mahmoud M. (2014). The Crisis of Muslim History: Religion and Politics in Early Islam. Oneworld Publications. ISBN 9781780746746.
Ayoub 2014, p. 124. Ayoub, Mahmoud M. (2014). The Crisis of Muslim History: Religion and Politics in Early Islam. Oneworld Publications. ISBN 9781780746746.
Shah-Kazemi 2022, p. 96. Shah-Kazemi, Reza (2022). Imam 'Ali: Concise History, Timeless Mystery. I.B. Tauris.
Ayoub 2014, pp. 123–4. Ayoub, Mahmoud M. (2014). The Crisis of Muslim History: Religion and Politics in Early Islam. Oneworld Publications. ISBN 9781780746746.
Ayoub 2014, p. 125. Ayoub, Mahmoud M. (2014). The Crisis of Muslim History: Religion and Politics in Early Islam. Oneworld Publications. ISBN 9781780746746.
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Ayoub 2014, p. 110. Ayoub, Mahmoud M. (2014). The Crisis of Muslim History: Religion and Politics in Early Islam. Oneworld Publications. ISBN 9781780746746.
Jafri 1979, p. 87. Jafri, S.H.M (1979). Origins and Early Development of Shia Islam. London: Longman.
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Afsaruddin 2013, p. 53. Afsaruddin, Asma (2013). The First Muslims: History and Memory. Oneworld Publications. ISBN 9781780744483.
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Ayoub 2014, p. 128. Ayoub, Mahmoud M. (2014). The Crisis of Muslim History: Religion and Politics in Early Islam. Oneworld Publications. ISBN 9781780746746.
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Esposito 1992, p. 41. Esposito, John L. (1992). Islam: The Straight Path. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780195074727.
Hazleton 2009, p. 144. Hazleton, Lesley (2009). After the Prophet: The Epic Story of the Shia-Sunni Split in Islam. Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group. ISBN 9780385532099.
Ayoub 2014, pp. 128–9. Ayoub, Mahmoud M. (2014). The Crisis of Muslim History: Religion and Politics in Early Islam. Oneworld Publications. ISBN 9781780746746.
Feisal 2007, pp. 190–1. Feisal, Abdul Rauf (2007). "What Is Sunni Islam?". In Cornell, Vincent J. (ed.). Voices of Islam. Vol. 1. Praeger Publishers. pp. 185–216. ISBN 978-0-275-98732-9.
Lewis 2002, p. 63. Lewis, Bernard (2002). Arabs in History. OUP Oxford. ISBN 9780191647161.
Shaban 1970, p. 77. Shaban, M.A. (1970). Islamic History: Volume 1, AD 600–750 (AH 132): A New Interpretation. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521291316.
Ayoub 2014, p. 130. Ayoub, Mahmoud M. (2014). The Crisis of Muslim History: Religion and Politics in Early Islam. Oneworld Publications. ISBN 9781780746746.
Ayoub 2014, p. 131. Ayoub, Mahmoud M. (2014). The Crisis of Muslim History: Religion and Politics in Early Islam. Oneworld Publications. ISBN 9781780746746.
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