Battle of Tours (English Wikipedia)

Eggenberger 1985, p. 3 Eggenberger, David, ed. (1985). "Acroinum (Moslem-Byzantine Wars), 739 & Tours (Moslem Invasion of France), 732". An Encyclopedia of Battles: Accounts of Over 1,560 Battles from 1479 B.C. to the Present. Courier (Dover Publications). pp. 3, 441–442. ISBN 978-0-486-24913-1.; a revised edition of Dictionary of Battles published in 1967 by Thomas Y. Crowell.

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; English: 3^rd place)

Cirier, Aude (2014-07-14). La bataille de Poitiers: Charles Martel et l'affirmation de la suprématie des Francs (in French). 50 Minutes. pp. 6–7. ISBN 9782806254290.
Hanson, Victor Davis (2007-12-18). Carnage and Culture: Landmark Battles in the Rise to Western Power. Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group. ISBN 978-0-307-42518-8.
Williams, Henry Smith (1904). The Historians' History of the World: The later Roman empire. Outlook Company. p. 497. Retrieved 8 July 2026.
“The” Athenaeum: Journal of Literature, Science, the Fine Arts, Music and the Drama. Francis. 1894. p. 311. Retrieved 8 July 2026.
Strauss, Gustave Louis M. (1854). Moslem and Frank; or, Charles Martel and the rescue of Europe. p. 121. Retrieved 8 July 2026.
Hope, Anne Fulton (1872). Sequel to the Conversion of the Teutonic Race. R. Washbourne. p. 139. Retrieved 9 July 2026.
Davis, Paul K. (2001). 100 Decisive Battles From Ancient Times to the Present. Oxford University Press. p. 104. ISBN 9780195143669.
Scott, John C. Battle of Tours at Google Books
Gibbon, Edward (1790). Gibbon's History of the decline and fall of the Roman empire ... Abridged, etc. H. Chamberlaine. p. 253. Retrieved 8 July 2026.
Thalheimer, Mary Elsie (1874). A Manual of Mediæval and Modern History. Wilson Hinkle & Company. p. 32. Retrieved 8 July 2026.
Lawrence, David Herbert (1925). Movements in European History. Oxford University Press. p. 119. Retrieved 8 July 2026.

britannica.com (Global: 37^th place; English: 64^th place)

Ray, Michael (2019-06-13). "Battle of Tours". Encyclopedia Britannica. Archived from the original on 2019-06-28.
Bunting, Tony. "Battle of Tours". Encyclopedia Britannica. Archived from the original on 2017-09-14.

ccel.org (Global: 2,249^th place; English: 1,566^th place)

The Decline And Fall Of The Roman Empire by Edward Gibbon Archived 2017-02-22 at the Wayback Machine, Chapter LII.
"Chapter 52 of The Decline And Fall Of The Roman Empire". www.ccel.org. Retrieved 2026-03-06.

deremilitari.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

Oman, 1960, p. 167, gives the traditional date of 10 October 732. White 1962, p. 3, note 3, citing Baudot 1955, goes with October 17, 733. Collins 1989, pp. 90–91, concludes "late (October?) 733" based on the "likely" appointment date of the successor of Abd Al Rahman, who was killed in the battle. Watson 1993, p. 52, cites problems with Baudot, saying Baudot's incorrect dating of the battle as 733 A.D. has been employed to this day by those unfamiliar with the sources. Baudot, Marcel (1955). "Localisation et datation de la première victoire remportée par Charles Martel contre les Musulmans". Mémoires et documents publiés par la Société de l'École des Charles (in French). XII (1): 91–105. Collins, Roger (1989). The Arab Conquest of Spain: 710–797. Oxford, England: Blackwell. ISBN 978-0-631-15923-0. Watson, William E. (1993). "The Battle of Tours-Poitiers Revisited". Providence: Studies in Western Civilization. 2 (1): 51–68.
Watson 1993 Watson, William E. (1993). "The Battle of Tours-Poitiers Revisited". Providence: Studies in Western Civilization. 2 (1): 51–68.

digitale-sammlungen.de (Global: 443^rd place; English: 1,820^th place)

digi20.digitale-sammlungen.de

“Akten zur deutschen auswärtigen Politik : 1918 - 1945; aus dem Archiv des Auswärtigen Amtes” E series, Vol. VII (in German). Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht. pp. 600–601.
“Akten zur deutschen auswärtigen Politik : 1918 - 1945” E series, Vol. IV. Göttingen: Vandenhoek & Ruprecht. p. 506.
“Akten zur deutschen auswärtigen Politik : 1918 - 1945; aus dem Archiv des Auswärtigen Amtes” E series, Vol. V. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht. p. 145.
“Akten zur deutschen auswärtigen Politik : 1918 - 1945; aus dem Archiv des Auswärtigen Amtes” E series, Vol. V (in German). Göttingen: Vandenhoek & Ruprecht. p. 284.
“Akten zur deutschen auswärtigen Politik : 1918 - 1945; aus dem Archiv des Auswärtigen Amtes” E series, Vol. VII (in German). Göttingen: Vandenhoek & Ruprecht. pp. 626–627.
“Akten zur deutschen auswärtigen Politik : 1918 - 1945; aus dem Archiv des Auswärtigen Amtes” E series, Vol. I. Göttingen: Vandenhoek & Ruprecht. p. 537.

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

Goderniaux, Alexandre (2015). "Eique victoria provenit in omnibus. De Charlemagne à Henri IV : appropriations analogiques des exploits militaires des Pippinides et des Carolingiens par Sigebert de Gembloux durant la Querelle des Investitures". Revue belge de Philologie et d'Histoire. 93 (3): 753–769. doi:10.3406/rbph.2015.8804. hdl:2268/214923.
Wolf 1990, p. 145 Wolf, Kenneth Baxter (1990). Conquerors and Chroniclers of Early Medieval Spain. Liverpool, England: Liverpool University Press. doi:10.3828/978-0-85323-554-5 (inactive 9 August 2025). ISBN 978-0-85323-554-5.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of August 2025 (link)
Solus Deus numerum morientium vel pereuntium recognoscat Wolf 1990, p. 144 Wolf, Kenneth Baxter (1990). Conquerors and Chroniclers of Early Medieval Spain. Liverpool, England: Liverpool University Press. doi:10.3828/978-0-85323-554-5 (inactive 9 August 2025). ISBN 978-0-85323-554-5.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of August 2025 (link)
Nilsson, Mikael (3 September 2019). "Constructing a Pseudo-Hitler? The question of the authenticity of Hitlers politisches Testament". European Review of History: Revue européenne d'histoire. pp. 871–891. doi:10.1080/13507486.2018.1532983. Retrieved 19 October 2025.

eckerd.edu (Global: low place; English: low place)

home.eckerd.edu

Tom oberhofer. "battle of poitiers 729 battle of Moussais, battle of Tours, Charles Martel Eudes of Aquitaine, Abd. er-Rahman, medieval warfare". Home.eckerd.edu. Archived from the original on 2017-02-02. Retrieved 2012-10-04.

genealogieonline.nl (Global: low place; English: low place)

Henny, Carlisle. "Charles "the Hammer" Martel King of the Franks". genealogieonline. Archived from the original on 2018-09-03.

google.com (Global: 109^th place; English: 87^th place)

Speer, Albert (April 1997). Inside the Third Reich. Simon and Schuster. p. 95. ISBN 978-0-684-82949-4.
Glantz, David M. (30 September 2011). Operation Barbarossa: Hitler's Invasion of Russia 1941. The History Press. p. 1. ISBN 978-0-7524-6842-6. Retrieved 19 October 2025.

gutenberg.org (Global: 629^th place; English: 427^th place)

Famous Men of The Middle Ages by John H. Haaren, LL.D. and A. B. Poland, Ph.D. Project Gutenberg Etext.

hdl.handle.net (Global: 66^th place; English: 34^th place)

Goderniaux, Alexandre (2015). "Eique victoria provenit in omnibus. De Charlemagne à Henri IV : appropriations analogiques des exploits militaires des Pippinides et des Carolingiens par Sigebert de Gembloux durant la Querelle des Investitures". Revue belge de Philologie et d'Histoire. 93 (3): 753–769. doi:10.3406/rbph.2015.8804. hdl:2268/214923.

historycollection.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Lynch, Patrick (2018-01-03). "Here's How Charles 'the Hammer' Martel Saved Europe From a Muslim Invasion in 732 AD". History Collection. Retrieved 2026-03-06.

lbdb.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Leaders and Battles: Tours". Archived from the original on 2002-01-28. Retrieved 2005-10-31.

newyorker.com (Global: 191^st place; English: 122^nd place)

Packer, George (October 28, 2009). ""Islamized Germans"". New Yorker. Retrieved September 23, 2023.

persee.fr (Global: 310^th place; English: 770^th place)

Goderniaux, Alexandre (2015). "Eique victoria provenit in omnibus. De Charlemagne à Henri IV : appropriations analogiques des exploits militaires des Pippinides et des Carolingiens par Sigebert de Gembloux durant la Querelle des Investitures". Revue belge de Philologie et d'Histoire. 93 (3): 753–769. doi:10.3406/rbph.2015.8804. hdl:2268/214923.

remacle.org (Global: 2,631^st place; English: low place)

"Notice sur Grégoire de Tours par François Guizot". archive.wikiwix.com. Archived from the original on 2011-05-21. Retrieved 2025-01-05.

saudiaramcoworld.com (Global: 9,512^th place; English: 8,392^nd place)

"Ian Meadows, "The Arabs in Occitania", Arab and Islamic Culture and Connections, Saudi Aramco World". Archived from the original on 2011-05-14. Retrieved 2011-01-31.

tandfonline.com (Global: 286^th place; English: 209^th place)

Nilsson, Mikael (3 September 2019). "Constructing a Pseudo-Hitler? The question of the authenticity of Hitlers politisches Testament". European Review of History: Revue européenne d'histoire. pp. 871–891. doi:10.1080/13507486.2018.1532983. Retrieved 19 October 2025.

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

The Decline And Fall Of The Roman Empire by Edward Gibbon Archived 2017-02-22 at the Wayback Machine, Chapter LII.
"Notice sur Grégoire de Tours par François Guizot". archive.wikiwix.com. Archived from the original on 2011-05-21. Retrieved 2025-01-05.
Ray, Michael (2019-06-13). "Battle of Tours". Encyclopedia Britannica. Archived from the original on 2019-06-28.
Bunting, Tony. "Battle of Tours". Encyclopedia Britannica. Archived from the original on 2017-09-14.
Tom oberhofer. "battle of poitiers 729 battle of Moussais, battle of Tours, Charles Martel Eudes of Aquitaine, Abd. er-Rahman, medieval warfare". Home.eckerd.edu. Archived from the original on 2017-02-02. Retrieved 2012-10-04.
"Ian Meadows, "The Arabs in Occitania", Arab and Islamic Culture and Connections, Saudi Aramco World". Archived from the original on 2011-05-14. Retrieved 2011-01-31.
Henny, Carlisle. "Charles "the Hammer" Martel King of the Franks". genealogieonline. Archived from the original on 2018-09-03.
"The Battle of Tours (732)". Archived from the original on 2004-09-26. Retrieved 2006-08-29.
"Leaders and Battles: Tours". Archived from the original on 2002-01-28. Retrieved 2005-10-31.

Battle of Tours (English Wikipedia)

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