Battle of Waterloo (English Wikipedia)

Website of current Dutch historian Marco Bijl: 8militia.net;Eenens 1879, pp. 14–30, 131–198; De Jongh, W.A.: Veldtocht van den Jare 1815, Historisch verhaal; in De Nieuwe Militaire Spectator (Nijmegen 1866), pp. 13–27.(This is the original account of Colonel de Jongh, commander of the Dutch 8th Militia. It can be downloaded at the site of Marco Bijl above.); Löben Sels, Ernst van Bijdragen tot de krijgsgeschiedenis van Napoleon Bonaparte / door E. van Löben Sels Part 4; Veldtogten van 1814 in Frankrijk, en van 1815 in de Nederlanden (Battles). 1842. 's-Gravenhage : de Erven Doorman, pp. 601–682; Allebrandi, Sebastian. Herinneringen uit mijne tienjarige militaire loopbaan. 1835. Amsterdam : Van Kesteren, pp. 21–30; (Allebrandi was a soldier in the Dutch 7th Militia, so his account is therefore important). Eenens, A.M (1879), 'Dissertation sur la participation des troupes des Pays-Bas a la campagne de 1815 en Belgique', in: Societé royale des beaux arts et de littérature de Gand, Messager des Sciences Historiques, Gand: Vanderhaegen

academia.edu (Global: 105^th place; English: 99^th place)

Alasdair White (2017). The Road to Waterloo: a concise history of the 1815 campaign. Academia. Archived from the original on 22 August 2021. Retrieved 19 April 2020.
Stephen Summerfield (January 2018). "Becke's Waterloo Logistics". Ken Trotman Publishing. Academia. Archived from the original on 22 August 2021. Retrieved 17 April 2020.
Homann, Arne; Wilkin, Bernard; Schäfer, Robin (January 2023). "Die Toten von Waterloo: Aus dem Massengrab in die Zuckerfabrik?". Archäologie in Deutschland. 2023 (3 (Juni–Juli)): 44–45.
Schäfer, Robin; Wilkin, Bernard (1 January 2023). "The real fate of the Waterloo fallen. The exploitation of bones in 19th century Belgium". Journal of Belgian History.

ageofrevolution.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

"French Cannon Captured at Waterloo". Age of Revolution. Waterloo 200 Ltd. Retrieved 16 September 2025.

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Dr. Fitzgerald, Liam (25 July 2024). "Waterloo Uncovered: Ten years of archaeology in ten discoveries". CBA. Retrieved 23 August 2025.

archive.org (Global: 6^th place; English: 6^th place)

Captain Cavalié Mercer RHA, thought the Brunswickers "...perfect children. None of the privates, perhaps were over eighteen years of age" (Mercer 1891, p. 218). Mercer, A.C. (1891), "No 89:Royal Artillery", in Siborne, Herbert Taylor (ed.), Waterloo letters: a selection from original and hitherto unpublished letters bearing on the operations of the 16th, 17th, and 18th June, 1815, by officers who served in the campaign, London: Cassell & Company, p. 218
"The hour at which Waterloo began, though there were 150,000 actors in the great tragedy, was long a matter of dispute. The Duke of Wellington puts it at 10:00. General Alava says half-past eleven, Napoleon and Drouet say noon, and Ney 13:00. Lord Hill may be credited with having settled this minute question of fact. He took two watches with him into the fight, one a stop-watch, and he marked with it the sound of the first shot fired, and this evidence is now accepted as proving that the first flash of red flame which marked the opening of the world-shaking tragedy of Waterloo took place at exactly ten minutes to twelve" (Fitchett 2006, Chapter: King-making Waterloo). "...watches had to be set by solar time, this meant that it was rare for two watches to agree... For example, on 9 June, ... the French I Corps had been at Lille, while the IV Corps was at Metz. Assuming an officer had set his watch at noon and then meticulously wound it twice a day but not reset it during the approach march, by the time the two corps reached the vicinity of Waterloo, the I Corps officer's watch would have read 12:40 p.m. at a time when the IV Corps officer's read 11:20 a.m., and it was noon at Waterloo. This is an extreme example, and unlikely to have actually been the case, but it demonstrates the problem quite well" (Nofi 1998, p. 182). Fitchett, W.H. (2006) [1897], "Chapter: King-making Waterloo", Deeds that Won the Empire. Historic Battle Scenes, London: John Murray (Project Gutenberg) Nofi, Albert A. (1998) [1993], The Waterloo campaign, June 1815, Conshohocken, PA: Combined Books, ISBN 978-0-938289-29-6
The Royal Horse Guards (2 squadrons) were in reserve for the Household Brigade (9 or 10 squadrons strong) but the Union Brigade (9 squadrons) had no reserve (Letter 5, Siborne 1891, pp. 7–10; Letter 16 Glover 2004). The total may have been 18 squadrons as there is an uncertainty in the sources as to whether the King's Dragoon Guards fielded three or four squadrons. Uxbridge implies 4 squadrons (Letter 5 Siborne 1891, pp. 7–10), however, Capt. Naylor of the King's implies 3 when he states he commanded the centre squadron of the regiment (Letter 21, Siborne 1891, pp. 46–47). Siborne, Herbert Taylor (1891), The Waterloo Letters, London: Cassell & Co. Glover, G. (2004), Letters from the Battle of Waterloo: the unpublished correspondence by Anglo-allied officers from the Siborne papers, London: Greenhill, ISBN 978-1-85367-597-3 Siborne, Herbert Taylor (1891), The Waterloo Letters, London: Cassell & Co. Siborne, Herbert Taylor (1891), The Waterloo Letters, London: Cassell & Co.
The tale was related, in old age, by a Sergeant Major Dickinson of the Scots Greys, the last British survivor of the charge (Low 1911, pp. 137, 143). Low, E. Bruce (1911), "The Waterloo Papers", in MacBride, M. (ed.), With Napoleon at Waterloo, London{{citation}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
This view appears to have arisen from a comment by Captain Clark-Kennedy of the 1st Dragoons 'Royals', in a letter in H. T. Siborne's book, he makes an estimate of around 900 men actually in line within the Union Brigade before its first charge (Siborne 1891, Letter 35, p. 69). Clark-Kennedy does not, however, explain how his estimate was arrived at. The shortfall of 432 men (the equivalent of a whole regiment) from the paper strength of the brigade is large. However, another officer of the brigade, John Mills of the 2nd Dragoons, says that the effective strength of the brigade did not "exceed 1,200" (Glover 2007, p. 59). Siborne, Herbert Taylor (1891), The Waterloo Letters, London: Cassell & Co. Glover, Gareth (2007), From Corunna to Waterloo: the Letters and Journals of Two Napoleonic Hussars, 1801–1816, London: Greenhill Books
This qualification may have been self-serving on Mercer's part. Wellington himself sought refuge in the "shaky" Brunswick squares at the time and observed what he interpreted as acts of cowardice by British artillerymen, who "... ran off the field entirely, taking with them limbers, ammunition, and everything ..." as he wrote in a letter of 21 December 1815 to the Master-General of the Ordnance, Lord Mulgrave. The incident even justified the denial of pensions to members of the Artillery Corps in his view. So, where Mercer claimed heroism, Wellington saw the opposite. See for the full text of Wellington's letter, and an attempted rebuttal Duncan, F. (1879), "Appendix A", History of the Royal Regiment of Artillery, pp. 444–464 – The letter was originally published in WSD, vol. XIV (1858 ed.), pp. 618–620
On the contrary, many contradicted this British account vehemently. See e.g.Eenens 1879, pp. 131–198. Google Books; Knoop, W.J. (1847) [1846], "Beschouwingen over Siborne's Geschiedenis van den oorlog van 1815 in Frankrijk en de Nederlanden", en wederlegging van de in dat werk voorkomende beschuldigingen tegen het Nederlandsche leger (2nd ed.), Breda; Craan, W.B. (1817), An historical account of the battle of Waterloo, translated by Gore, A., pp. 30–31 – written in 1816 on the basis of eyewitness accounts does not mention the incident). Eenens, A.M (1879), 'Dissertation sur la participation des troupes des Pays-Bas a la campagne de 1815 en Belgique', in: Societé royale des beaux arts et de littérature de Gand, Messager des Sciences Historiques, Gand: Vanderhaegen
The commander of the Cumberland Hussars, who was later court-martialled and cashiered, claimed that as his troopers (all well-to-do young Hanoverians) owned their own horses he could not order them to remain on the field. Following the battle the regiment was broken up and the troopers assigned duties they, no doubt, considered ignominious. Four were posted to Captain Mercer's horse artillery troop, where he found them "amazingly sulky and snappish with every one".(Mercer 1870b, p. 62) Mercer, A.C. (1870b), "Waterloo, 18 June 1815: The Royal Horse Artillery Repulse Enemy Cavalry, late afternoon", Journal of the Waterloo Campaign: Kept Throughout the Campaign of 1815, vol. 2
Chesney states that Wellington and the Prussians remained in contact and that it was agreed that Bülow followed by Pirch would take the poorer road to "Froidmont" (Frichermont), while Zieten would take the longer northern, but better made, road via Ohain (Chesney 1874, pp. 173–178). Chesney, Charles C. (1874), Waterloo Lectures: A Study Of The Campaign Of 1815 (3rd ed.), Longmans, Green, and Co
The reply is commonly attributed to General Pierre Cambronne, originating from an attribution by the journalist Balison de Rougemont in Journal General published on 24 June 1815,(Shapiro 2006, p. 128) although Cambronne claimed he replied "Merde!" (Boller 1989, p. 12) However, according to letters in The Times in June 1932, Cambronne was already a prisoner of Colonel Hugh Halkett, so the retort, if ever given, or in whatever form it took, may have come from General Michel instead.White 2011, and Parry 1900, p. 70 Shapiro, Fred R., ed. (2006), The Yale Book of Quotations (illustrated ed.), Yale University Press, p. [https://www.google.com/books/edition/_/w5-GR-qtgXsC?hl=en&gbpv=1&pg=PA128 128], ISBN 978-0-300-10798-2 Boller, Paul F. Jr.; George, John (1989), They Never Said It: A Book of Fake Quotes, Misquotes, and Misleading Attributions, New York: Oxford University Press, p. [https://books.google.com/books?id=NCOEYJ0q-DUC 12], ISBN 978-0-19-505541-2 White, John (14 December 2011), Burnham, Robert (ed.), Cambronne's Words, Letters to The Times (June 1932), the Napoleon Series, archived from the original on 25 August 2007, retrieved 14 September 2007 Parry, D.H. (1900), "Waterloo", Battle of the nineteenth century, vol. 1, London: Cassell and Company, archived from the original on 16 December 2008, retrieved 14 September 2007{{citation}}: CS1 maint: publisher location (link)
Bodart 1908, p. 487. Bodart, Gaston (1908). Militär-historisches Kriegs-Lexikon (1618–1905). Retrieved 11 June 2021.
Chesney 1874, p. 4. Chesney, Charles C. (1874), Waterloo Lectures: A Study Of The Campaign Of 1815 (3rd ed.), Longmans, Green, and Co
Anderson, M. S. (1979). Historians and Eighteenth-Century Europe, 1715–1789. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-822548-5. OCLC 185538307.
Siborne 1895, pp. 320–323. Siborne, William (1895), The Waterloo Campaign, 1815 (4th ed.), Westminster: A. Constable
Siborne 1895, p. 82. Siborne, William (1895), The Waterloo Campaign, 1815 (4th ed.), Westminster: A. Constable
Chesney 1874, p. 144. Chesney, Charles C. (1874), Waterloo Lectures: A Study Of The Campaign Of 1815 (3rd ed.), Longmans, Green, and Co
Chesney 1874, pp. 144–145. Chesney, Charles C. (1874), Waterloo Lectures: A Study Of The Campaign Of 1815 (3rd ed.), Longmans, Green, and Co
Bonaparte 1869, pp. 292–293. Bonaparte, Napoleon (1869), "No. 22060", in Polon, Henri; Dumaine, J. (eds.), Correspondance de Napoléon Ier; publiée par ordre de l'empereur Napoléon III (1858), vol. 28, Paris H. Plon, J. Dumaine, pp. 292, 293.
Roberts 2005, p. 55. Roberts, Andrew (2005), Waterloo: 18 June 1815, the Battle for Modern Europe, New York: HarperCollins, ISBN 978-0-06-008866-8{{citation}}: CS1 maint: publisher location (link)
Thiers 1862, p. 215. Thiers, Adolphe (1862), Histoire du consulat et de l'empire, faisant suite à l'Histoire de la révolution française (in French), vol. 20, Paris: Lheureux et Cie.
Roberts 2005, p. 57. Roberts, Andrew (2005), Waterloo: 18 June 1815, the Battle for Modern Europe, New York: HarperCollins, ISBN 978-0-06-008866-8{{citation}}: CS1 maint: publisher location (link)
Haweis 1908, p. 228. Haweis, James Walter (1908), The campaign of 1815, chiefly in Flanders, Edinburgh: William Blackwood and Sons, pp. 228–229
Siborne 1891, Letter 5, pp. 7–10. Siborne, Herbert Taylor (1891), The Waterloo Letters, London: Cassell & Co.
Siborne 1895, pp. 410–411. Siborne, William (1895), The Waterloo Campaign, 1815 (4th ed.), Westminster: A. Constable
Siborne 1895, pp. 425–426. Siborne, William (1895), The Waterloo Campaign, 1815 (4th ed.), Westminster: A. Constable
Siborne 1895, pp. 329, 349 (composition of brigades); pp. 422–424 (actions of brigades). Siborne, William (1895), The Waterloo Campaign, 1815 (4th ed.), Westminster: A. Constable
Siborne 1891, Letters: 18, 26, 104. Siborne, Herbert Taylor (1891), The Waterloo Letters, London: Cassell & Co.
Siborne 1891, p. 38. Siborne, Herbert Taylor (1891), The Waterloo Letters, London: Cassell & Co.
Siborne 1891, Letters 9, 18, 36. Siborne, Herbert Taylor (1891), The Waterloo Letters, London: Cassell & Co.
Siborne 1891, p. 39. Siborne, Herbert Taylor (1891), The Waterloo Letters, London: Cassell & Co.
Siborne 1895, pp. 443–449. Siborne, William (1895), The Waterloo Campaign, 1815 (4th ed.), Westminster: A. Constable
Siborne 1895, pp. 444, 447. Siborne, William (1895), The Waterloo Campaign, 1815 (4th ed.), Westminster: A. Constable
Mercer 1870a, pp. 313–315. Mercer, A.C. (1870a), Journal of the Waterloo Campaign: Kept Throughout the Campaign of 1815, vol. 1, Edinburgh / London: W. Blackwood
Mercer 1870a, p. 321. Mercer, A.C. (1870a), Journal of the Waterloo Campaign: Kept Throughout the Campaign of 1815, vol. 1, Edinburgh / London: W. Blackwood
Siborne 1891, pp. 14, 38–39. Siborne, Herbert Taylor (1891), The Waterloo Letters, London: Cassell & Co.
Siborne 1891, pp. 14–15 and letters 6, 7 and 9. Siborne, Herbert Taylor (1891), The Waterloo Letters, London: Cassell & Co.
Siborne 1891, p464. Siborne, Herbert Taylor (1891), The Waterloo Letters, London: Cassell & Co.
Siborne 1895, p. 465. Siborne, William (1895), The Waterloo Campaign, 1815 (4th ed.), Westminster: A. Constable
Siborne 1895, p. 483. Siborne, William (1895), The Waterloo Campaign, 1815 (4th ed.), Westminster: A. Constable
Siborne 1895, p. 484. Siborne, William (1895), The Waterloo Campaign, 1815 (4th ed.), Westminster: A. Constable
Mercer 1870a, pp. 325–326. Mercer, A.C. (1870a), Journal of the Waterloo Campaign: Kept Throughout the Campaign of 1815, vol. 1, Edinburgh / London: W. Blackwood
Chesney 1874, pp. 187–190. Chesney, Charles C. (1874), Waterloo Lectures: A Study Of The Campaign Of 1815 (3rd ed.), Longmans, Green, and Co
Chesney 1874, p. 225. Chesney, Charles C. (1874), Waterloo Lectures: A Study Of The Campaign Of 1815 (3rd ed.), Longmans, Green, and Co
Chesney 1874, pp. 214–215. Chesney, Charles C. (1874), Waterloo Lectures: A Study Of The Campaign Of 1815 (3rd ed.), Longmans, Green, and Co
Chesney 1874, pp. 192, 225. Chesney, Charles C. (1874), Waterloo Lectures: A Study Of The Campaign Of 1815 (3rd ed.), Longmans, Green, and Co
Siborne 1895, pp. 553–559. Siborne, William (1895), The Waterloo Campaign, 1815 (4th ed.), Westminster: A. Constable
Funcken & Funcken 1967, p. 52. Funcken, Fred; Funcken, Lilianne (1967), Le costume et les armes des soldats de tous les temps (in French), Tournai: Casterman, ISBN 2-203-14303-7
Mercer 1870a, p. 345. Mercer, A.C. (1870a), Journal of the Waterloo Campaign: Kept Throughout the Campaign of 1815, vol. 1, Edinburgh / London: W. Blackwood

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The entire 1st brigade of the 2nd Dutch division, that had been on the forward slope during the night, withdrew to a position behind the ridge between the regiments of Kempt and Pack around 12:00 (Bas & Wommersom 1909, pp. 332–333). Bas, F de; Wommersom, J. De T'Serclaes de (1909), La campagne de 1815 aux Pays-Bas d'après les rapports officiels néerlandais, vol. I: Quatre-Bras. II: Waterloo. III: Annexes and notes. IV: supplement: maps and plans, Brussels: Librairie Albert de Wit, retrieved 10 May 2023
De Bas reprints colonel Van Zuylen's 'History of the 2nd division'. Van Zuylen van Nijevelt was the chief of staff of the 2nd Division and located right behind the Bylandt brigade the whole day (Bas & Wommersom 1909, pp. 134–136(vol.2)). He wrote a 32-page report, right after the battle. This report forms the basis of most of the other literature mentioned here: see Bas & Wommersom 1909, pp. 289–352(vol.3). Google Books; Boulger has an English translation of the report (Boulger 1901). Bas, F de; Wommersom, J. De T'Serclaes de (1909), La campagne de 1815 aux Pays-Bas d'après les rapports officiels néerlandais, vol. I: Quatre-Bras. II: Waterloo. III: Annexes and notes. IV: supplement: maps and plans, Brussels: Librairie Albert de Wit, retrieved 10 May 2023 Bas, F de; Wommersom, J. De T'Serclaes de (1909), La campagne de 1815 aux Pays-Bas d'après les rapports officiels néerlandais, vol. I: Quatre-Bras. II: Waterloo. III: Annexes and notes. IV: supplement: maps and plans, Brussels: Librairie Albert de Wit, retrieved 10 May 2023 Boulger, Demetrius C. deK. (1901), Belgians at Waterloo: With Translations of the Reports of the Dutch and Belgian Commanders, London{{citation}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
Van Zuylen report; he refers to himself as "the chief-of-staff" (Bas & Wommersom 1909, pp. 338–339(vol. 3)). Bas, F de; Wommersom, J. De T'Serclaes de (1909), La campagne de 1815 aux Pays-Bas d'après les rapports officiels néerlandais, vol. I: Quatre-Bras. II: Waterloo. III: Annexes and notes. IV: supplement: maps and plans, Brussels: Librairie Albert de Wit, retrieved 10 May 2023
Some of the retreating troops panicked and fled. This was not to be wondered at in the circumstances. The British troops of the 1/95th Battalion, also under great pressure from the French, did the same at the time. This flight did not involve all of the Dutch battalions, as has been asserted by some historians. Van Zuylen rallied 400 men, according to his estimate, who were ready to join the counterattack and even captured two French fanions (Bas & Wommersom 1909, pp. 338–341(vol. 3); Hamilton-Williams 1993, pp. 293–295). Bas, F de; Wommersom, J. De T'Serclaes de (1909), La campagne de 1815 aux Pays-Bas d'après les rapports officiels néerlandais, vol. I: Quatre-Bras. II: Waterloo. III: Annexes and notes. IV: supplement: maps and plans, Brussels: Librairie Albert de Wit, retrieved 10 May 2023 Hamilton-Williams, David (1993), Waterloo. New Perspectives. The Great Battle Reappraised, London: Arms & Armour Press, ISBN 978-0-471-05225-8
Mark Simner (2015). An Illustrated Introduction to the Battle of Waterloo – Quatre Bras and Ligny. Amberley Publishing Limited. ISBN 978-1-4456-4667-1.
John Hussey (2017). Waterloo: The Campaign of 1815, Volume II: From Waterloo to the Restoration of Peace in Europe. Pen and Sword. pp. 178–. ISBN 978-1-78438-202-5.
Bryan Perrett (2013). Why the Germans Lost: The Rise and Fall of the Black Eagle. Pen and Sword. pp. 51–. ISBN 978-1-78159-197-0.
Mikaberidze, Alexander (2020). The Napoleonic Wars: A Global History. Oxford University Press. pp. 608–. ISBN 978-0-19-939406-7.
Battle of Waterloo (1815). The battle of Waterloo, containing the series of accounts published by authority, British and foreign pp.=45.
Battle of Waterloo (1815). A short detail of the battle of Waterloo. p. 13.
Glover 2014, p. 30. Glover, Gareth (2014), Waterloo: Myth and Reality, Pen and Sword, ISBN 978-1-78159-356-1
Siborne, William (1848). The Waterloo Campaign, 1815. E. Arber. p. 55.
John Grehan (2015). Voices from the Past: Waterloo 1815: History's most famous battle told through eyewitness accounts, newspaper reports, parliamentary debate, memoirs and diaries. Frontline Books. pp. 105–. ISBN 978-1-78383-199-9.
Lamar 2000, p. 119. Lamar, Glenn J. (2000), Jérôme Bonaparte: The War Years, 1800–1815, Greenwood Press, p. 119, ISBN 978-0-313-30997-7
Booth 1815, p. 10. Booth, John (1815), The Battle of Waterloo: Containing the Accounts Published by Authority, British and Foreign, and Other Relevant Documents, with Circumstantial Details, Previous and After the Battle, from a Variety of Authentic and Original Sources (2nd ed.), London: printed for J. Booth and T. Ergeton; Military Library, Whitehall
Dawson, Paul L. (2017). Napoleon and Grouchy: The Last Great Waterloo Mystery Unravelled. Pen & Sword Books. pp. 309–. ISBN 978-1-5267-0069-8.
Van Zuylen report Bas & Wommersom 1909, pp. 338–339 (vol. 3) Bas, F de; Wommersom, J. De T'Serclaes de (1909), La campagne de 1815 aux Pays-Bas d'après les rapports officiels néerlandais, vol. I: Quatre-Bras. II: Waterloo. III: Annexes and notes. IV: supplement: maps and plans, Brussels: Librairie Albert de Wit, retrieved 10 May 2023
Siborne, William (1848). The Waterloo Campaign, 1815. E. Arber. p. 495.
Booth 1815, pp. 73, 74. Booth, John (1815), The Battle of Waterloo: Containing the Accounts Published by Authority, British and Foreign, and Other Relevant Documents, with Circumstantial Details, Previous and After the Battle, from a Variety of Authentic and Original Sources (2nd ed.), London: printed for J. Booth and T. Ergeton; Military Library, Whitehall
Bas & Wommersom 1909, pp. 249–251, 258–259. (vol.2) Bas, F de; Wommersom, J. De T'Serclaes de (1909), La campagne de 1815 aux Pays-Bas d'après les rapports officiels néerlandais, vol. I: Quatre-Bras. II: Waterloo. III: Annexes and notes. IV: supplement: maps and plans, Brussels: Librairie Albert de Wit, retrieved 10 May 2023
Bas & Wommersom 1909, pp. 252–253, 271–284, 419–424. Bas, F de; Wommersom, J. De T'Serclaes de (1909), La campagne de 1815 aux Pays-Bas d'après les rapports officiels néerlandais, vol. I: Quatre-Bras. II: Waterloo. III: Annexes and notes. IV: supplement: maps and plans, Brussels: Librairie Albert de Wit, retrieved 10 May 2023
Kincaid 2006, p. 435. Kincaid, Captain J. (2006), "The Final Attack The Rifle Brigade Advance 7 pm 18 June 1815", in Lewis-Stemple, John (ed.), England: The Autobiography: 2,000 Years of English History by Those Who Saw it Happen (reprint ed.), UK: Penguin, pp. 434–436, ISBN 978-0-14-192869-2
Booth 1815, p. 74. Booth, John (1815), The Battle of Waterloo: Containing the Accounts Published by Authority, British and Foreign, and Other Relevant Documents, with Circumstantial Details, Previous and After the Battle, from a Variety of Authentic and Original Sources (2nd ed.), London: printed for J. Booth and T. Ergeton; Military Library, Whitehall
Booth 1815, p. 23. Booth, John (1815), The Battle of Waterloo: Containing the Accounts Published by Authority, British and Foreign, and Other Relevant Documents, with Circumstantial Details, Previous and After the Battle, from a Variety of Authentic and Original Sources (2nd ed.), London: printed for J. Booth and T. Ergeton; Military Library, Whitehall
Booth 1815, p. 57. Booth, John (1815), The Battle of Waterloo: Containing the Accounts Published by Authority, British and Foreign, and Other Relevant Documents, with Circumstantial Details, Previous and After the Battle, from a Variety of Authentic and Original Sources (2nd ed.), London: printed for J. Booth and T. Ergeton; Military Library, Whitehall
Compare:Barbero, Alessandro (2003). "Epilogue". The Battle: A new history of Waterloo. Translated by Cullen, John. London: Atlantic Books Ltd (published 2013). ISBN 978-1782391388. Retrieved 31 January 2018. Most [...] would have agreed with the French writer's statement: 'On that day, the perspective of the human race was altered. Waterloo is the hinge of the Nineteenth Century.' [...] Later, the twentieth century swept away the illusions of unlimited progress and perpetual peace that had become widespread after Waterloo.
Jomini 1864, pp. 223, 224. Jomini, Antoine-Henri (1864), The Political and Military History of the Campaign of Waterloo (3rd ed.), New York; D. Van Nostrand (translated by Benet S.V.)

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google.com (Global: 109^th place; English: 87^th place)

De Bas reprints colonel Van Zuylen's 'History of the 2nd division'. Van Zuylen van Nijevelt was the chief of staff of the 2nd Division and located right behind the Bylandt brigade the whole day (Bas & Wommersom 1909, pp. 134–136(vol.2)). He wrote a 32-page report, right after the battle. This report forms the basis of most of the other literature mentioned here: see Bas & Wommersom 1909, pp. 289–352(vol.3). Google Books; Boulger has an English translation of the report (Boulger 1901). Bas, F de; Wommersom, J. De T'Serclaes de (1909), La campagne de 1815 aux Pays-Bas d'après les rapports officiels néerlandais, vol. I: Quatre-Bras. II: Waterloo. III: Annexes and notes. IV: supplement: maps and plans, Brussels: Librairie Albert de Wit, retrieved 10 May 2023 Bas, F de; Wommersom, J. De T'Serclaes de (1909), La campagne de 1815 aux Pays-Bas d'après les rapports officiels néerlandais, vol. I: Quatre-Bras. II: Waterloo. III: Annexes and notes. IV: supplement: maps and plans, Brussels: Librairie Albert de Wit, retrieved 10 May 2023 Boulger, Demetrius C. deK. (1901), Belgians at Waterloo: With Translations of the Reports of the Dutch and Belgian Commanders, London{{citation}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
A number of different mounts could have been ridden by Napoleon at Waterloo: Ali, Crebère, Désirée, Jaffa, Marie and Tauris (Summerville 2007, p. 315) Lozier states it was Désirée (Lozier 2010). Summerville, Christopher J (2007), Who was who at Waterloo: a biography of the battle, Pearson Education, ISBN 978-0-582-78405-5 Lozier, J.F. (18 June 2010), What was the name of Napoleon's horse?, The Napoleon Series, retrieved 29 March 2009
On the contrary, many contradicted this British account vehemently. See e.g.Eenens 1879, pp. 131–198. Google Books; Knoop, W.J. (1847) [1846], "Beschouwingen over Siborne's Geschiedenis van den oorlog van 1815 in Frankrijk en de Nederlanden", en wederlegging van de in dat werk voorkomende beschuldigingen tegen het Nederlandsche leger (2nd ed.), Breda; Craan, W.B. (1817), An historical account of the battle of Waterloo, translated by Gore, A., pp. 30–31 – written in 1816 on the basis of eyewitness accounts does not mention the incident). Eenens, A.M (1879), 'Dissertation sur la participation des troupes des Pays-Bas a la campagne de 1815 en Belgique', in: Societé royale des beaux arts et de littérature de Gand, Messager des Sciences Historiques, Gand: Vanderhaegen
"'The Guard dies, but it does not surrender!' is another of these fictitious historical sayings. General Cambronne, to whom it is attributed, never uttered. Victor Hugo, in Les Misérables, has restored the true text. It is composed of a single word [Merde!]".(Masson 1869) Masson, David; et al. (1869), "Historical Forgeries and Kosciuszko's "Finis Poloniae"", Macmillan's Magazine, vol. 19, Macmillan and Company, p. 164
Cornwell 2015, p. 16. Cornwell, Bernard (2015), "Those terrible grey horses, how they fight", Waterloo: The History of Four Days, Three Armies and Three Battles, Lulu Press, Inc, p. ~128, ISBN 978-1-312-92522-9
Cornwell 2015, p. 122. Cornwell, Bernard (2015), "Those terrible grey horses, how they fight", Waterloo: The History of Four Days, Three Armies and Three Battles, Lulu Press, Inc, p. ~128, ISBN 978-1-312-92522-9
Fletcher 1994, p. 20. Fletcher, Ian (1994), Wellington's Foot Guards, vol. 52 of Elite Series (illustrated ed.), Osprey Publishing, ISBN 978-1-85532-392-6
Cornwell 2015, Those terrible grey horses, how they fight. Cornwell, Bernard (2015), "Those terrible grey horses, how they fight", Waterloo: The History of Four Days, Three Armies and Three Battles, Lulu Press, Inc, p. ~128, ISBN 978-1-312-92522-9
Uffindell & Corum 2002, p. 211. Uffindell, Andrew; Corum, Michael (2002), On The Fields Of Glory: The Battlefields of the 1815 Campaign, Frontline Books, pp. 211, 232–233, ISBN 978-1-85367-514-0
Oman & Hall 1902, p. 119. Oman, Charles; Hall, John A. (1902), A History of the Peninsular War, Clarendon Press, p. 119
Barbero 2013, p. 160. Barbero, Alessandro (2013), The Battle: A New History of Waterloo, Atlantic Books, p. 160, ISBN 978-1-78239-138-8
Uffindell & Corum 2002, p. 82. Uffindell, Andrew; Corum, Michael (2002), On The Fields Of Glory: The Battlefields of the 1815 Campaign, Frontline Books, pp. 211, 232–233, ISBN 978-1-85367-514-0
Wellington, Arthur Wellesley duke of (1838). The Dispatches of Field Marshal the Duke of Wellington. Vol. 12. p. 484. at .
Uffindell & Corum 2002, p. 232. Uffindell, Andrew; Corum, Michael (2002), On The Fields Of Glory: The Battlefields of the 1815 Campaign, Frontline Books, pp. 211, 232–233, ISBN 978-1-85367-514-0
Uffindell & Corum 2002, p. 233. Uffindell, Andrew; Corum, Michael (2002), On The Fields Of Glory: The Battlefields of the 1815 Campaign, Frontline Books, pp. 211, 232–233, ISBN 978-1-85367-514-0
Uffindell & Corum 2002, pp. 232–233. Uffindell, Andrew; Corum, Michael (2002), On The Fields Of Glory: The Battlefields of the 1815 Campaign, Frontline Books, pp. 211, 232–233, ISBN 978-1-85367-514-0
Davies 2012, p. 244. Davies, Huw (2012), Wellington's Wars: The Making of a Military Genius (illustrated ed.), Yale University Press, p. 244, ISBN 978-0-300-16417-6
Corrigan 2006, p. 327. Corrigan, Gordon (2006), Wellington (reprint, eBook ed.), Continuum International Publishing Group, p. 327, ISBN 978-0-8264-2590-4
Parkinson 2000, pp. 240–241. Parkinson, Roger (2000), Hussar General: The Life of Blücher, Man of Waterloo, Wordsworth Military Library, pp. 240–241, ISBN 978-1840222531
Steele 2014, p. 178. Steele, Charles (2014), Zabecki, David T. (ed.), Germany at War: 400 Years of Military History, ABC-CLIO, p. 178

gutenberg.org (Global: 629^th place; English: 427^th place)

"The hour at which Waterloo began, though there were 150,000 actors in the great tragedy, was long a matter of dispute. The Duke of Wellington puts it at 10:00. General Alava says half-past eleven, Napoleon and Drouet say noon, and Ney 13:00. Lord Hill may be credited with having settled this minute question of fact. He took two watches with him into the fight, one a stop-watch, and he marked with it the sound of the first shot fired, and this evidence is now accepted as proving that the first flash of red flame which marked the opening of the world-shaking tragedy of Waterloo took place at exactly ten minutes to twelve" (Fitchett 2006, Chapter: King-making Waterloo). "...watches had to be set by solar time, this meant that it was rare for two watches to agree... For example, on 9 June, ... the French I Corps had been at Lille, while the IV Corps was at Metz. Assuming an officer had set his watch at noon and then meticulously wound it twice a day but not reset it during the approach march, by the time the two corps reached the vicinity of Waterloo, the I Corps officer's watch would have read 12:40 p.m. at a time when the IV Corps officer's read 11:20 a.m., and it was noon at Waterloo. This is an extreme example, and unlikely to have actually been the case, but it demonstrates the problem quite well" (Nofi 1998, p. 182). Fitchett, W.H. (2006) [1897], "Chapter: King-making Waterloo", Deeds that Won the Empire. Historic Battle Scenes, London: John Murray (Project Gutenberg) Nofi, Albert A. (1998) [1993], The Waterloo campaign, June 1815, Conshohocken, PA: Combined Books, ISBN 978-0-938289-29-6
"Lord Hill may be credited with having settled this minute question of fact. He took two watches with him into the fight, one a stop-watch, and he marked with it the sound of the first shot fired ... At ten minutes to twelve the first heavy gun rang sullenly from the French ridge" (Fitchett 2006, Chapter: King-making Waterloo). Fitchett, W.H. (2006) [1897], "Chapter: King-making Waterloo", Deeds that Won the Empire. Historic Battle Scenes, London: John Murray (Project Gutenberg)
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The reply is commonly attributed to General Pierre Cambronne, originating from an attribution by the journalist Balison de Rougemont in Journal General published on 24 June 1815,(Shapiro 2006, p. 128) although Cambronne claimed he replied "Merde!" (Boller 1989, p. 12) However, according to letters in The Times in June 1932, Cambronne was already a prisoner of Colonel Hugh Halkett, so the retort, if ever given, or in whatever form it took, may have come from General Michel instead.White 2011, and Parry 1900, p. 70 Shapiro, Fred R., ed. (2006), The Yale Book of Quotations (illustrated ed.), Yale University Press, p. [https://www.google.com/books/edition/_/w5-GR-qtgXsC?hl=en&gbpv=1&pg=PA128 128], ISBN 978-0-300-10798-2 Boller, Paul F. Jr.; George, John (1989), They Never Said It: A Book of Fake Quotes, Misquotes, and Misleading Attributions, New York: Oxford University Press, p. [https://books.google.com/books?id=NCOEYJ0q-DUC 12], ISBN 978-0-19-505541-2 White, John (14 December 2011), Burnham, Robert (ed.), Cambronne's Words, Letters to The Times (June 1932), the Napoleon Series, archived from the original on 25 August 2007, retrieved 14 September 2007 Parry, D.H. (1900), "Waterloo", Battle of the nineteenth century, vol. 1, London: Cassell and Company, archived from the original on 16 December 2008, retrieved 14 September 2007{{citation}}: CS1 maint: publisher location (link)
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Marcelis 2015. Marcelis, David (10 June 2015), "When Napoleon Met His Waterloo, He Was Out of Town", The Wall Street Journal

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