Schreffler (2011) argues that they are a distinct ethnic group. Singh (2010) regards them as a branch of the Banjara, whereas Ibbetson claimed at the end of the 19th century that they are merely an occupational group. Schreffler, Gibb (2011). "The Bazigar (Goaar) People and Their Performing Arts"(PDF). Journal of Punjab Studies. 18 (1&2). Singh, Birinder Pal, ed. (2010). "Criminal" Tribes of Punjab: A Social-anthropological Inquiry. Routledge. ISBN9780415551472.