Behavioral enrichment (English Wikipedia)

Shepherdson O (1994-01-01). "The role of environmental enrichment in the captive breeding and reintroduction of endangered species". In Olney PJ, Mace GM, Feistner AT (eds.). Creative Conservation. Springer Netherlands. pp. 167–177. doi:10.1007/978-94-011-0721-1_8. ISBN 978-94-010-4311-3.

arkanimals.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Enrichment 101: Environment, Enrichment, & Education". www.arkanimals.com. Retrieved 2018-03-28.

awionline.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Towards an Understanding of Stereotypic Behaviour in Laboratory Macaques". awionline.org. Retrieved 2019-02-27.

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; English: 3^rd place)

Moberg GP, Mench JA (2000-01-01). The Biology of Animal Stress: Basic Principles and Implications for Animal Welfare. CABI. ISBN 978-0-85199-930-2.

colchester-zoo.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Environmental Enrichment - Colchester Zoo". Retrieved 2018-03-29.

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

Maple TL (2007). "Toward a science of welfare for animals in the zoo". Journal of Applied Animal Welfare Science. 10 (1): 63–70. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.560.8948. doi:10.1080/10888700701277659. PMID 17484680. S2CID 32358898.
Bowman A, Dowell FJ, Evans NP (March 2017). "The effect of different genres of music on the stress levels of kennelled dogs" (PDF). Physiology & Behavior. 171: 207–215. doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2017.01.024. PMID 28093218. S2CID 207377805.
Kulpa-Eddy JA, Taylor S, Adams KM (2005-01-01). "USDA perspective on environmental enrichment for animals". ILAR Journal. 46 (2): 83–94. doi:10.1093/ilar.46.2.83. PMID 15775018.
Lutz CK, Novak MA (2005). "Environmental enrichment for nonhuman primates: theory and application". ILAR Journal. 46 (2): 178–91. doi:10.1093/ilar.46.2.178. PMID 15775027.
Silva FR, Miranda KO, Piedade SM, Salgado DD (April 2017). "Effect of Auditory Enrichment (Music) in Pregnant Sows Welfare". Engenharia Agrícola. 37 (2): 215–225. doi:10.1590/1809-4430-eng.agric.v37n2p215-225/2017. hdl:11449/169612.
Wallace EK, Altschul D, Körfer K, Benti B, Kaeser A, Lambeth S, Waller BM, Slocombe KE (2017-03-29). "Is music enriching for group-housed captive chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes)?". PLOS ONE. 12 (3) e0172672. Bibcode:2017PLoSO..1272672W. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0172672. PMC 5371285. PMID 28355212.
Bowman A, Dowell FJ, Evans NP (March 2017). "The effect of different genres of music on the stress levels of kennelled dogs" (PDF). Physiology & Behavior. 171: 207–215. doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2017.01.024. PMID 28093218. S2CID 207377805.
Ritvo, Sarah E.; MacDonald, Suzanne E. (2016). "Music as enrichment for Sumatran orangutans (Pongo abelii)". Journal of Zoo and Aquarium Research. 4 (3). doi:10.19227/jzar.v4i3.231.
Kędzierski W, Janczarek I, Stachurska A, Wilk I (2017). "Massage or music meant to be relaxing, result in lowering salivary cortisol concentration in race horses". Pferdeheilkunde Equine Medicine. 33 (2): 146–151. doi:10.21836/pem20170206 (inactive 11 July 2025). S2CID 57651310.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of July 2025 (link)
Jones, N.A.R.; Webster, M.; Salvanes, A.G.V. (2021). "Physical enrichment research for captive fish: Time to focus on the DETAILS". Journal of Fish Biology. 99 (3): 704–725. Bibcode:2021JFBio..99..704J. doi:10.1111/jfb.14773. hdl:10023/23362. PMID 33942889. S2CID 233719781.
Clark F, King AJ (2008). Chemical Signals in Vertebrates 11. Springer, New York, NY. pp. 391–398. doi:10.1007/978-0-387-73945-8_37. ISBN 978-0-387-73944-1.
Clark, Fay E. (November 2011). "Great ape cognition and captive care: Can cognitive challenges enhance well-being?". Applied Animal Behaviour Science. 135 (1–2): 1–12. doi:10.1016/j.applanim.2011.10.010.
Meehan, Cheryl L.; Mench, Joy A. (February 2007). "The challenge of challenge: Can problem solving opportunities enhance animal welfare?". Applied Animal Behaviour Science. 102 (3–4): 246–261. doi:10.1016/j.applanim.2006.05.031.
Boissy, Alain; Manteuffel, Gerhard; Jensen, Margit Bak; Moe, Randi Oppermann; Spruijt, Berry; Keeling, Linda J.; Winckler, Christoph; Forkman, Björn; Dimitrov, Ivan; Langbein, Jan; Bakken, Morten (October 2007). "Assessment of positive emotions in animals to improve their welfare". Physiology & Behavior. 92 (3): 375–397. doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2007.02.003. PMID 17428510. S2CID 10730923.
Baker KC (May 2004). "Benefits of Positive Human Interaction for Socially-Housed Chimpanzees". Animal Welfare. 13 (2): 239–245. doi:10.1017/S0962728600026981. PMC 2875797. PMID 20505791.
Dawkins MS (1989). "Time budgets in red junglefowl as a baseline for the assessment of welfare in domestic-fowl". Applied Animal Behaviour Science. 24: 77–80. doi:10.1016/0168-1591(89)90126-3.
Sherwin CM, Glen EF (2003). "Cage colour preferences and effects of home-cage colour on anxiety in laboratory mice". Animal Behaviour. 66 (6): 1085–1092. doi:10.1006/anbe.2003.2286. S2CID 53191108.
Sherwin CM (2004). "The motivation of group-housed laboratory mice, Mus musculus, for additional space". Animal Behaviour. 67 (4): 711–717. doi:10.1016/j.anbehav.2003.08.018. S2CID 53181481.
Shepherdson O (1994-01-01). "The role of environmental enrichment in the captive breeding and reintroduction of endangered species". In Olney PJ, Mace GM, Feistner AT (eds.). Creative Conservation. Springer Netherlands. pp. 167–177. doi:10.1007/978-94-011-0721-1_8. ISBN 978-94-010-4311-3.
Mason GJ (1991). "Stereotypies - A critical review". Animal Behaviour. 41 (6): 1015–1037. doi:10.1016/S0003-3472(05)80640-2. hdl:10214/4622. S2CID 53187334.
Claes A, Attur Shanmugam A, Jensen P (2010). "Habituation to environmental enrichment in captive Sloth Bears—effect on stereotypies". Zoo Biology. 29 (6): 705–714. doi:10.1002/zoo.20301. PMID 20069629.
Mendl M, Burman OH, Parker RM, Paul ES (2009). "Cognitive bias as an indicator of animal emotion and welfare: Emerging evidence and underlying mechanisms". Applied Animal Behaviour Science. 118 (3–4): 161–181. doi:10.1016/j.applanim.2009.02.023.
Duncan IJ, Wood-Gush DG (1971). "Frustration and aggression in the domestic fowl". Animal Behaviour. 19 (3): 500–504. doi:10.1016/S0003-3472(71)80104-5. PMID 5167834.
Zimmerman PH, Lundberg A, Keeling LJ, Koene P (2003). "The effect of an audience on the gakel-call and other frustration behaviours in the laying hen (Gallus gallus domesticus)". Animal Welfare. 12 (3): 315–326. doi:10.1017/S0962728600025823. S2CID 145114602.
Kemppinen N, Hau J, Meller A, Mauranen K, Kohila T, Nevalainen T (2010). "Impact of aspen furniture and restricted feeding on activity, blood pressure, heart rate and faecal corticosterone and immunoglobulin A excretion in rats (Rattus norvegicus) housed in individually ventilated cages". Laboratory Animals. 44 (2): 104–112. doi:10.1258/la.2009.009058. PMID 19854757. S2CID 17743686.
Laws N, Ganswindt A, Heistermann M, Harris M, Harris S, Sherwin C (2007). "A case study: fecal corticosteroid and behavior as indicators of welfare during relocation of an asian elephant". Journal of Applied Animal Welfare Science. 10 (4): 349–358. doi:10.1080/10888700701555600. PMID 17970634. S2CID 46617133.
Martin LB, Kidd L, Liebl AL, Coon CA (August 2011). "Captivity induces hyper-inflammation in the house sparrow (Passer domesticus)". The Journal of Experimental Biology. 214 (Pt 15): 2579–85. doi:10.1242/jeb.057216. PMID 21753052. S2CID 31326602.
Lewis MH, Presti MF, Lewis JB, Turner CA (2006). "The neurobiology of stereotypy I: Environmental complexity.". In Mason G, Rushen J (eds.). Stereotypic Animal Behaviour: Fundamentals and Applications to Welfare. CABI. pp. 190–226. doi:10.1079/9780851990040.0190. ISBN 978-0-85199-004-0.
Hughes BO, Gilbert AB, Brown MF (1986). "Categorisation and causes of abnormal egg shells: relationship with stress". British Poultry Science. 27 (2): 325–337. doi:10.1080/00071668608416885. PMID 3742268.
Wilcox CS, Patterson J, Cheng HW (2009). "Use of thermography to screen for subclinical bumblefoot in poultry". Poultry Science. 88 (6): 1176–1180. doi:10.3382/ps.2008-00446. PMID 19439627. S2CID 42216865.
French F, Mancini C, Sharp H (April 2018). "High tech cognitive and acoustic enrichment for captive elephants" (PDF). Journal of Neuroscience Methods. 300: 173–183. doi:10.1016/j.jneumeth.2017.09.009. PMID 28951175. S2CID 4548453.
Hoy JM, Murray PJ, Tribe A (2010). "Thirty years later: enrichment practices for captive mammals". Zoo Biology. 29 (3): 303–16. doi:10.1002/zoo.20254. PMID 19434736.

gla.ac.uk (Global: 2,948^th place; English: 1,879^th place)

eprints.gla.ac.uk

Bowman A, Dowell FJ, Evans NP (March 2017). "The effect of different genres of music on the stress levels of kennelled dogs" (PDF). Physiology & Behavior. 171: 207–215. doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2017.01.024. PMID 28093218. S2CID 207377805.
Bowman A, Dowell FJ, Evans NP (March 2017). "The effect of different genres of music on the stress levels of kennelled dogs" (PDF). Physiology & Behavior. 171: 207–215. doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2017.01.024. PMID 28093218. S2CID 207377805.

handle.net (Global: 102^nd place; English: 76^th place)

hdl.handle.net

Silva FR, Miranda KO, Piedade SM, Salgado DD (April 2017). "Effect of Auditory Enrichment (Music) in Pregnant Sows Welfare". Engenharia Agrícola. 37 (2): 215–225. doi:10.1590/1809-4430-eng.agric.v37n2p215-225/2017. hdl:11449/169612.
Jones, N.A.R.; Webster, M.; Salvanes, A.G.V. (2021). "Physical enrichment research for captive fish: Time to focus on the DETAILS". Journal of Fish Biology. 99 (3): 704–725. Bibcode:2021JFBio..99..704J. doi:10.1111/jfb.14773. hdl:10023/23362. PMID 33942889. S2CID 233719781.
Mason GJ (1991). "Stereotypies - A critical review". Animal Behaviour. 41 (6): 1015–1037. doi:10.1016/S0003-3472(05)80640-2. hdl:10214/4622. S2CID 53187334.

harvard.edu (Global: 18^th place; English: 17^th place)

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Wallace EK, Altschul D, Körfer K, Benti B, Kaeser A, Lambeth S, Waller BM, Slocombe KE (2017-03-29). "Is music enriching for group-housed captive chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes)?". PLOS ONE. 12 (3) e0172672. Bibcode:2017PLoSO..1272672W. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0172672. PMC 5371285. PMID 28355212.
Jones, N.A.R.; Webster, M.; Salvanes, A.G.V. (2021). "Physical enrichment research for captive fish: Time to focus on the DETAILS". Journal of Fish Biology. 99 (3): 704–725. Bibcode:2021JFBio..99..704J. doi:10.1111/jfb.14773. hdl:10023/23362. PMID 33942889. S2CID 233719781.

littlerockzoo.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Social Enrichment". littlerockzoo.com. Archived from the original on 2018-04-12. Retrieved 2018-03-29.

londonmet.ac.uk (Global: low place; English: low place)

repository.londonmet.ac.uk

French F, Mancini C, Sharp H (April 2018). "High tech cognitive and acoustic enrichment for captive elephants" (PDF). Journal of Neuroscience Methods. 300: 173–183. doi:10.1016/j.jneumeth.2017.09.009. PMID 28951175. S2CID 4548453.

nc3rs.org.uk (Global: low place; English: low place)

Sherwin, C.M. (2007). "Validating refinements to laboratory housing: asking the animals". Archived from the original on January 21, 2012. Retrieved April 9, 2013.

nih.gov (Global: 4^th place; English: 4^th place)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Maple TL (2007). "Toward a science of welfare for animals in the zoo". Journal of Applied Animal Welfare Science. 10 (1): 63–70. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.560.8948. doi:10.1080/10888700701277659. PMID 17484680. S2CID 32358898.
Bowman A, Dowell FJ, Evans NP (March 2017). "The effect of different genres of music on the stress levels of kennelled dogs" (PDF). Physiology & Behavior. 171: 207–215. doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2017.01.024. PMID 28093218. S2CID 207377805.
Kulpa-Eddy JA, Taylor S, Adams KM (2005-01-01). "USDA perspective on environmental enrichment for animals". ILAR Journal. 46 (2): 83–94. doi:10.1093/ilar.46.2.83. PMID 15775018.
Meade TM, Hutchinson E, Krall C, Watson J (September 2014). "Use of an aquarium as a novel enrichment item for singly housed rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta)". Journal of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science. 53 (5): 472–7. PMC 4181688. PMID 25255069.
Lutz CK, Novak MA (2005). "Environmental enrichment for nonhuman primates: theory and application". ILAR Journal. 46 (2): 178–91. doi:10.1093/ilar.46.2.178. PMID 15775027.
Wallace EK, Altschul D, Körfer K, Benti B, Kaeser A, Lambeth S, Waller BM, Slocombe KE (2017-03-29). "Is music enriching for group-housed captive chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes)?". PLOS ONE. 12 (3) e0172672. Bibcode:2017PLoSO..1272672W. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0172672. PMC 5371285. PMID 28355212.
Bowman A, Dowell FJ, Evans NP (March 2017). "The effect of different genres of music on the stress levels of kennelled dogs" (PDF). Physiology & Behavior. 171: 207–215. doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2017.01.024. PMID 28093218. S2CID 207377805.
Jones, N.A.R.; Webster, M.; Salvanes, A.G.V. (2021). "Physical enrichment research for captive fish: Time to focus on the DETAILS". Journal of Fish Biology. 99 (3): 704–725. Bibcode:2021JFBio..99..704J. doi:10.1111/jfb.14773. hdl:10023/23362. PMID 33942889. S2CID 233719781.
Boissy, Alain; Manteuffel, Gerhard; Jensen, Margit Bak; Moe, Randi Oppermann; Spruijt, Berry; Keeling, Linda J.; Winckler, Christoph; Forkman, Björn; Dimitrov, Ivan; Langbein, Jan; Bakken, Morten (October 2007). "Assessment of positive emotions in animals to improve their welfare". Physiology & Behavior. 92 (3): 375–397. doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2007.02.003. PMID 17428510. S2CID 10730923.
Meyer, Susann; Puppe, Birger; Langbein, Jan (November 2010). "[Cognitive enrichment in zoo and farm animals--implications for animal behaviour and welfare]". Berliner und Munchener Tierarztliche Wochenschrift. 123 (11–12): 446–456. ISSN 0005-9366. PMID 21141273.
Baker KC (May 2004). "Benefits of Positive Human Interaction for Socially-Housed Chimpanzees". Animal Welfare. 13 (2): 239–245. doi:10.1017/S0962728600026981. PMC 2875797. PMID 20505791.
Claes A, Attur Shanmugam A, Jensen P (2010). "Habituation to environmental enrichment in captive Sloth Bears—effect on stereotypies". Zoo Biology. 29 (6): 705–714. doi:10.1002/zoo.20301. PMID 20069629.
Duncan IJ, Wood-Gush DG (1971). "Frustration and aggression in the domestic fowl". Animal Behaviour. 19 (3): 500–504. doi:10.1016/S0003-3472(71)80104-5. PMID 5167834.
Kemppinen N, Hau J, Meller A, Mauranen K, Kohila T, Nevalainen T (2010). "Impact of aspen furniture and restricted feeding on activity, blood pressure, heart rate and faecal corticosterone and immunoglobulin A excretion in rats (Rattus norvegicus) housed in individually ventilated cages". Laboratory Animals. 44 (2): 104–112. doi:10.1258/la.2009.009058. PMID 19854757. S2CID 17743686.
Laws N, Ganswindt A, Heistermann M, Harris M, Harris S, Sherwin C (2007). "A case study: fecal corticosteroid and behavior as indicators of welfare during relocation of an asian elephant". Journal of Applied Animal Welfare Science. 10 (4): 349–358. doi:10.1080/10888700701555600. PMID 17970634. S2CID 46617133.
Martin LB, Kidd L, Liebl AL, Coon CA (August 2011). "Captivity induces hyper-inflammation in the house sparrow (Passer domesticus)". The Journal of Experimental Biology. 214 (Pt 15): 2579–85. doi:10.1242/jeb.057216. PMID 21753052. S2CID 31326602.
Hughes BO, Gilbert AB, Brown MF (1986). "Categorisation and causes of abnormal egg shells: relationship with stress". British Poultry Science. 27 (2): 325–337. doi:10.1080/00071668608416885. PMID 3742268.
Wilcox CS, Patterson J, Cheng HW (2009). "Use of thermography to screen for subclinical bumblefoot in poultry". Poultry Science. 88 (6): 1176–1180. doi:10.3382/ps.2008-00446. PMID 19439627. S2CID 42216865.
French F, Mancini C, Sharp H (April 2018). "High tech cognitive and acoustic enrichment for captive elephants" (PDF). Journal of Neuroscience Methods. 300: 173–183. doi:10.1016/j.jneumeth.2017.09.009. PMID 28951175. S2CID 4548453.
Hoy JM, Murray PJ, Tribe A (2010). "Thirty years later: enrichment practices for captive mammals". Zoo Biology. 29 (3): 303–16. doi:10.1002/zoo.20254. PMID 19434736.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Meade TM, Hutchinson E, Krall C, Watson J (September 2014). "Use of an aquarium as a novel enrichment item for singly housed rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta)". Journal of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science. 53 (5): 472–7. PMC 4181688. PMID 25255069.
Wallace EK, Altschul D, Körfer K, Benti B, Kaeser A, Lambeth S, Waller BM, Slocombe KE (2017-03-29). "Is music enriching for group-housed captive chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes)?". PLOS ONE. 12 (3) e0172672. Bibcode:2017PLoSO..1272672W. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0172672. PMC 5371285. PMID 28355212.
Baker KC (May 2004). "Benefits of Positive Human Interaction for Socially-Housed Chimpanzees". Animal Welfare. 13 (2): 239–245. doi:10.1017/S0962728600026981. PMC 2875797. PMID 20505791.

projectorangutan.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Orangutan Project (2015). "Orangutan Project Enrichment" (PDF). {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
Orangutan Project (2015). "Orangutan Project Enrichment" (PDF). {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)

psu.edu (Global: 207^th place; English: 136^th place)

citeseerx.ist.psu.edu

Maple TL (2007). "Toward a science of welfare for animals in the zoo". Journal of Applied Animal Welfare Science. 10 (1): 63–70. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.560.8948. doi:10.1080/10888700701277659. PMID 17484680. S2CID 32358898.

researchgate.net (Global: 120^th place; English: 125^th place)

Hoy JM, Murray PJ, Tribe A (2010). "Thirty years later: enrichment practices for captive mammals". Zoo Biology. 29 (3): 303–16. doi:10.1002/zoo.20254. PMID 19434736.

rvc.ac.uk (Global: low place; English: 8,474^th place)

researchonline.rvc.ac.uk

Clark, Fay E. (November 2011). "Great ape cognition and captive care: Can cognitive challenges enhance well-being?". Applied Animal Behaviour Science. 135 (1–2): 1–12. doi:10.1016/j.applanim.2011.10.010.

semanticscholar.org (Global: 11^th place; English: 8^th place)

api.semanticscholar.org

Maple TL (2007). "Toward a science of welfare for animals in the zoo". Journal of Applied Animal Welfare Science. 10 (1): 63–70. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.560.8948. doi:10.1080/10888700701277659. PMID 17484680. S2CID 32358898.
Bowman A, Dowell FJ, Evans NP (March 2017). "The effect of different genres of music on the stress levels of kennelled dogs" (PDF). Physiology & Behavior. 171: 207–215. doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2017.01.024. PMID 28093218. S2CID 207377805.
Bowman A, Dowell FJ, Evans NP (March 2017). "The effect of different genres of music on the stress levels of kennelled dogs" (PDF). Physiology & Behavior. 171: 207–215. doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2017.01.024. PMID 28093218. S2CID 207377805.
Kędzierski W, Janczarek I, Stachurska A, Wilk I (2017). "Massage or music meant to be relaxing, result in lowering salivary cortisol concentration in race horses". Pferdeheilkunde Equine Medicine. 33 (2): 146–151. doi:10.21836/pem20170206 (inactive 11 July 2025). S2CID 57651310.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of July 2025 (link)
Jones, N.A.R.; Webster, M.; Salvanes, A.G.V. (2021). "Physical enrichment research for captive fish: Time to focus on the DETAILS". Journal of Fish Biology. 99 (3): 704–725. Bibcode:2021JFBio..99..704J. doi:10.1111/jfb.14773. hdl:10023/23362. PMID 33942889. S2CID 233719781.
Boissy, Alain; Manteuffel, Gerhard; Jensen, Margit Bak; Moe, Randi Oppermann; Spruijt, Berry; Keeling, Linda J.; Winckler, Christoph; Forkman, Björn; Dimitrov, Ivan; Langbein, Jan; Bakken, Morten (October 2007). "Assessment of positive emotions in animals to improve their welfare". Physiology & Behavior. 92 (3): 375–397. doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2007.02.003. PMID 17428510. S2CID 10730923.
Sherwin CM, Glen EF (2003). "Cage colour preferences and effects of home-cage colour on anxiety in laboratory mice". Animal Behaviour. 66 (6): 1085–1092. doi:10.1006/anbe.2003.2286. S2CID 53191108.
Sherwin CM (2004). "The motivation of group-housed laboratory mice, Mus musculus, for additional space". Animal Behaviour. 67 (4): 711–717. doi:10.1016/j.anbehav.2003.08.018. S2CID 53181481.
Mason GJ (1991). "Stereotypies - A critical review". Animal Behaviour. 41 (6): 1015–1037. doi:10.1016/S0003-3472(05)80640-2. hdl:10214/4622. S2CID 53187334.
Zimmerman PH, Lundberg A, Keeling LJ, Koene P (2003). "The effect of an audience on the gakel-call and other frustration behaviours in the laying hen (Gallus gallus domesticus)". Animal Welfare. 12 (3): 315–326. doi:10.1017/S0962728600025823. S2CID 145114602.
Kemppinen N, Hau J, Meller A, Mauranen K, Kohila T, Nevalainen T (2010). "Impact of aspen furniture and restricted feeding on activity, blood pressure, heart rate and faecal corticosterone and immunoglobulin A excretion in rats (Rattus norvegicus) housed in individually ventilated cages". Laboratory Animals. 44 (2): 104–112. doi:10.1258/la.2009.009058. PMID 19854757. S2CID 17743686.
Laws N, Ganswindt A, Heistermann M, Harris M, Harris S, Sherwin C (2007). "A case study: fecal corticosteroid and behavior as indicators of welfare during relocation of an asian elephant". Journal of Applied Animal Welfare Science. 10 (4): 349–358. doi:10.1080/10888700701555600. PMID 17970634. S2CID 46617133.
Martin LB, Kidd L, Liebl AL, Coon CA (August 2011). "Captivity induces hyper-inflammation in the house sparrow (Passer domesticus)". The Journal of Experimental Biology. 214 (Pt 15): 2579–85. doi:10.1242/jeb.057216. PMID 21753052. S2CID 31326602.
Wilcox CS, Patterson J, Cheng HW (2009). "Use of thermography to screen for subclinical bumblefoot in poultry". Poultry Science. 88 (6): 1176–1180. doi:10.3382/ps.2008-00446. PMID 19439627. S2CID 42216865.
French F, Mancini C, Sharp H (April 2018). "High tech cognitive and acoustic enrichment for captive elephants" (PDF). Journal of Neuroscience Methods. 300: 173–183. doi:10.1016/j.jneumeth.2017.09.009. PMID 28951175. S2CID 4548453.

si.edu (Global: 340^th place; English: 295^th place)

nationalzoo.si.edu

"Animal Enrichment - National Zoo". nationalzoo.si.edu. Archived from the original on 2016-04-01. Retrieved 2016-03-29.

stlzoo.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Animal Enrichment :: Saint Louis Zoo". www.stlzoo.org. Retrieved 2018-04-11.

usda.gov (Global: 438^th place; English: 336^th place)

nal.usda.gov

Hubrecht R (1995). "Dogs and dog housing". In Smith CP, Taylor V (eds.). Environmental Enrichment Information Resources for Laboratory Animals. Potters Bar, Herts.: Universities Federation for Animal Welfare (UFAW). pp. 49–62. Archived from the original on 4 April 2002.

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

"Animal Enrichment - National Zoo". nationalzoo.si.edu. Archived from the original on 2016-04-01. Retrieved 2016-03-29.
Ron Hines, D.V.M. (2006-04-24). "Synopsis of the Environmental Enrichment Program of 2nd Chance Sanctuary". Archived from the original on 10 June 2006. Retrieved 2006-06-11.
Sherwin, C.M. (2007). "Validating refinements to laboratory housing: asking the animals". Archived from the original on January 21, 2012. Retrieved April 9, 2013.
Hubrecht R (1995). "Dogs and dog housing". In Smith CP, Taylor V (eds.). Environmental Enrichment Information Resources for Laboratory Animals. Potters Bar, Herts.: Universities Federation for Animal Welfare (UFAW). pp. 49–62. Archived from the original on 4 April 2002.
"Alliance of Marine Mammal Parks and Aquariums". www.ammpa.org. Archived from the original on 2016-03-29. Retrieved 2016-03-29.
"Social Enrichment". littlerockzoo.com. Archived from the original on 2018-04-12. Retrieved 2018-03-29.

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Jones, N.A.R.; Webster, M.; Salvanes, A.G.V. (2021). "Physical enrichment research for captive fish: Time to focus on the DETAILS". Journal of Fish Biology. 99 (3): 704–725. Bibcode:2021JFBio..99..704J. doi:10.1111/jfb.14773. hdl:10023/23362. PMID 33942889. S2CID 233719781.

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Meyer, Susann; Puppe, Birger; Langbein, Jan (November 2010). "[Cognitive enrichment in zoo and farm animals--implications for animal behaviour and welfare]". Berliner und Munchener Tierarztliche Wochenschrift. 123 (11–12): 446–456. ISSN 0005-9366. PMID 21141273.

Behavioral enrichment (English Wikipedia)

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