Belzec extermination camp (English Wikipedia)

Michael Tregenza (2000), "The 'Disappearance' of SS-Hauptscharfuhrer Lorenz Hackenholt." A Report on the 1959–63 West German Police Search for Lorenz Hackenholt, the Gas Chamber Expert of the Aktion Reinhard Extermination Camps. Mazel on-line library. Internet Archive.
"March of the Living". Archived from the original on 11 June 2014.

belzec.eu

Historia Niemieckiego Obozu Zagłady w Bełżcu [History of the Belzec extermination camp] (in Polish), National Bełżec Museum & Monument of Martyrology [Muzeum – Miejsce Pamięci w Bełżcu], archived from the original on 29 October 2015, retrieved 14 March 2014

belzec.org.pl

MMPwB, Decyzja o podjęciu akcji 'Reinhardt', Muzeum-Miejsce Pamięci w Bełżcu, Oddział Państwowego Muzeum na Majdanku, archived from the original on 20 August 2009
"Dawne upamiętnienie: pół wieku zapomnienia (Half-a-century of forgetting)". Camp history and photographs. Obóz Zagłady w Bełżcu (Belzec extermination camp museum). 2005. Archived from the original (Internet Archive 2009 capture) on 31 January 2009. Retrieved 9 February 2013.
"Dawne upamiętnienie: pół wieku zapomnienia (Half-a-century of forgetting)". Camp history and photographs. Obóz Zagłady w Bełżcu (Belzec extermination camp museum). 2005. Archived from the original (Internet Archive 2009 capture) on 2 February 2009. Retrieved 9 February 2013.

books.google.com

Bergen, Doris (2009). War & Genocide: A Concise History of the Holocaust. Critical Issues in World and International History (2nd ed.). Plymouth, UK: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. p. 185. ISBN 9780742557161.
Robert Rozett; Shmuel Spector (2013). Encyclopedia of the Holocaust. Routledge. p. 47. ISBN 978-1135969509.
Browning, Christopher R. (1995). The Path to Genocide: Essays on Launching the Final Solution. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0521558786.
Musiał 2000, pp. 192–194. Musiał, Bogdan (2000). "The Origins of 'Operation Reinhard': The Decision-Making Process for the Mass Murder of the Jews in the Generalgouvernment". In David Cesarani; Sarah Kavanaugh (eds.). Holocaust: From the persecution of the Jews to mass murder. Yad Vashem Studies, No. 28. Translated by William Templer. Psychology Press. ISBN 978-0-415-27511-8. Retrieved 9 May 2015ł.
Gerlach, Christian (2016). The Extermination of the European Jews. Cambridge University Press. p. 74. ISBN 978-0521880787.
Klee, Dressen & Riess 1991, "Chapter 3. A new and better method of killing had to be found. The gas-vans". p. 69. Klee, Ernst; Dressen, Willi; Riess, Volker (1991). The "Good Old Days" – The Holocaust as Seen by its Perpetrators and Bystanders. Translated by Deborah Burnstone. Konecky Konecky. ISBN 978-1-56852-133-6.
Jack Fischel (1998). The Holocaust. Greenwood Publishing Group. pp. 46–47, 175. ISBN 978-0313298790.
Klee, Dressen & Riess 1991, pp. 230–237, 241, 296. Klee, Ernst; Dressen, Willi; Riess, Volker (1991). The "Good Old Days" – The Holocaust as Seen by its Perpetrators and Bystanders. Translated by Deborah Burnstone. Konecky Konecky. ISBN 978-1-56852-133-6.
Klee, Dressen & Riess 1991, "Chapter 4. The camp had clean sanitary facilities" pp. 238–244 Klee, Ernst; Dressen, Willi; Riess, Volker (1991). The "Good Old Days" – The Holocaust as Seen by its Perpetrators and Bystanders. Translated by Deborah Burnstone. Konecky Konecky. ISBN 978-1-56852-133-6.
Andrzej Kola (2015) [2000]. Belzec. The Nazi Camp for Jews in the Light of Archaeological Sources. Translated from Polish by Ewa Józefowicz and Mateusz Józefowicz. Warsaw-Washington: The Council for the Protection of Memory of Combat and Martyrdom – The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. ISBN 978-8390559063. Retrieved 3 May 2015. Also in: Archeologists reveal new secrets of Holocaust, Reuters News, 21 July 1998.
Yahil, Leni (1991). The Holocaust: The Fate of European Jewry, 1932–1945. Oxford University Press. pp. 356–357. ISBN 978-0195045239.
David Cymet (2012). History vs. Apologetics: The Holocaust, the Third Reich, and the Catholic Church. Lexington Books. p. 274. ISBN 978-0739132951. Retrieved 3 May 2015.
Klee, Dressen & Riess 1991, p. 230. Klee, Ernst; Dressen, Willi; Riess, Volker (1991). The "Good Old Days" – The Holocaust as Seen by its Perpetrators and Bystanders. Translated by Deborah Burnstone. Konecky Konecky. ISBN 978-1-56852-133-6.
Klee, Dressen & Riess 1991, p. 238. Klee, Ernst; Dressen, Willi; Riess, Volker (1991). The "Good Old Days" – The Holocaust as Seen by its Perpetrators and Bystanders. Translated by Deborah Burnstone. Konecky Konecky. ISBN 978-1-56852-133-6.
Arad 1999, p. 102. Another translation of Gerstein's testimony can be found at Klee, Dressen & Riess (1991, p. 242). Arad, Yitzhak (1999) [1987]. Belzec, Sobibor, Treblinka. The Operation Reinhard Death Camps. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. ISBN 978-0-253-34293-5. Retrieved 10 May 2015. Belzec. Klee, Ernst; Dressen, Willi; Riess, Volker (1991). The "Good Old Days" – The Holocaust as Seen by its Perpetrators and Bystanders. Translated by Deborah Burnstone. Konecky Konecky. ISBN 978-1-56852-133-6.
Gross, Jan Tomasz; Gross, Irena Grudzinska (2012). Golden Harvest: Events at the Periphery of the Holocaust. Oxford University Press. pp. 22–26. ISBN 978-0199731671.
Spector, Robert Melvin (2005). World Without Civilization: Mass Murder and the Holocaust, History and Analysis, Volume 1. University Press of America. p. 435. ISBN 978-0761829638.
Joseph Poprzeczny (2004). "Notes to Chapter VII". Odilo Globocnik, Hitler's Man in the East. McFarland. p. 400. ISBN 978-0786481460. Retrieved 9 August 2013 – via Google Books.
For the Westermann's Report, see Martin Gilbert (1999). Holocaust Journey: Traveling in Search of the Past. Columbia University Press. p. 217. ISBN 978-0231109659. an official wartime report in which Lieutenant Westermann, a German police officer in the reserve, describes the deportation of 8,000 Jews from the Eastern Galician towns ... in a single (thirty-wagon train) ... on September 10, [1942,] after more than three days on this journey without food or water ... reached Belzec, 2,000 of the 8,000 deportees were dead [on arrival].
Piotrowski, Tadeusz (2007). Poland's holocaust. McFarland. p. 131. ISBN 978-0786429134.

deathcamps.org

ARC (26 August 2006). "Belzec Camp History". Aktion Reinhard. Archived from the original on 25 December 2005. Retrieved 27 April 2015.
"Aktion Reinhard and the Emergence of 'The Final Solution'". Deathcamps.org. 2014. Retrieved 4 March 2014.
USHMM (2015). Testimony of Bronisław Ragan. USHMM Collections. Retrieved 29 April 2015. See also: sketch by Jan Krupa and Bronisław Ragan made at the request of the Bełżec Mayor, circa 1971.

doi.org

Browning, Christopher R. (1994). "The Nazi Decision to Commit Mass Murder: Three Interpretations: The Euphoria of Victory and the Final Solution: Summer-Fall 1941". German Studies Review. 17 (3): 477. doi:10.2307/1431894. ISSN 0149-7952. JSTOR 1431894.
Witte, Peter; Tyas, Stephen (Winter 2001). "A New Document on the Deportation and Murder of Jews during 'Einsatz Reinhardt' 1942". Holocaust and Genocide Studies. 15 (3): 468–486. doi:10.1093/hgs/15.3.468.
Pohl, Dieter; Witte, Peter (2001). "The number of victims of belżec extermination camp: A faulty reassessment". East European Jewish Affairs. 31: 15–22. doi:10.1080/13501670108577932. S2CID 162068368.

ghostarchive.org

"Belzec – the house of Christian Wirth". Archived from the original on 17 November 2021. Retrieved 4 March 2014 – via YouTube.

hg.pl

trawniki.hg.pl

Mgr Stanisław Jabłoński (1927–2002). "Hitlerowski obóz w Trawnikach". The camp history (in Polish). Trawniki official website. Retrieved 30 April 2013.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)

holocaust-history.org

Sentence by the First Munich District Court (Belzec-Prozess – Urteil, LG München I) (in German). Retrieved 9 August 2013.

holocaustchronicle.org

Harran, Marilyn, ed. (2000). "1942: The Final Solution". The Holocaust Chronicle. Publications International. p. 308. ISBN 978-0785329633.

holocaustresearchproject.org

"Belzec Death Camp: Remember Me". Alphabetical Listing. Holocaust Education & Archive Research Team. 2007. Retrieved 27 April 2015.
SJ H.E.A.R.T (2007). "Belzec Death Camp: Eyewitness Report – Wilhelm Cornides". HolocaustResearchProject.org. Retrieved 8 May 2015. Sources: Martin Gilbert, Peter Longerich, Max Freiherr Du Prel.

huffingtonpost.com

Alan Elsner (29 March 2010). "A New Nazi War Crimes Trial – And This Time It's Personal". Internet Archive. Archived from the original on 8 May 2015. Retrieved 12 May 2015. Ernst Klee, Willi Dreßen, Volker Rieß: Schöne Zeiten. S. Fischer Verlag, Frankfurt, 1988, ISBN 310039304X.

ipn.gov.pl

Kużniar-Plota, Małgorzata (30 November 2004). "Decision to commence investigation into Katyn Massacre". Departmental Commission for the Prosecution of Crimes against the Polish Nation. Archived from the original on 30 September 2012. Retrieved 26 August 2013.

jewish.org.pl

Dariusz Libionka (2015). "Obóz zagłady w Bełżcu (Death camp in Bełżec)". Jewish.org.pl Portal Społeczności Żydowskiej. Państwowe Muzeum na Majdanku (Majdanek State Museum). Archived from the original on 5 November 2014. Retrieved 11 May 2015. Obóz zagłady w Bełżcu w relacjach ocalonych i zeznaniach polskich świadków (Testimonies of survivors and witnesses).

jewishgen.org

O'Neil, Robin (2011). "Appendix 5: Rudolf Reder's Bełzec: The End Product of 'The Rabka Four's' Activities in Distrikt Galicia". The Rabka Four: Instruments of Genocide and Grand Larceny (Poland). Spiderwize Publishing. p. 237. OCLC 796270628. Retrieved 12 May 2015 – via JewishGen.org.
Robin O'Neil, A Reassessment: Resettlement Transports to Belzec, March–December 1942. JewishGen, Yizkor Book Project. Retrieved 9 August 2013.

jewishvirtuallibrary.org

Kenneth McVay, Yad Vashem (2015) [1984]. "The Construction of the Belzec Extermination Camp". The "Final Solution": Operation Reinhard – The Camps of Belzec, Sobibor & Treblinka. Jewish Virtual Library. Retrieved 25 April 2015.

jstor.org

Browning, Christopher R. (1994). "The Nazi Decision to Commit Mass Murder: Three Interpretations: The Euphoria of Victory and the Final Solution: Summer-Fall 1941". German Studies Review. 17 (3): 477. doi:10.2307/1431894. ISSN 0149-7952. JSTOR 1431894.

majdanek.eu

"Kalendarium". Powstanie Państwowego Muzeum (Creation of the Museum). Państwowe Muzeum na Majdanku. Archived from the original on 13 February 2011. Retrieved 9 April 2013.

marchoftheliving.org

"March of the Living" (PDF).

motl.org

"March of the Living". Archived from the original on 11 June 2014.

nizkor.org

Tregenza, Michael (1998), Report on the Archeological Investigation at the Site of the Former NAZI Extermination Camp in Belzec, Poland, 1997–98, Lublin{{citation}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)

nybooks.com

Snyder, Timothy (16 July 2009). "Holocaust: The Ignored Reality". The New York Review. Retrieved 8 April 2022.

polishresistance-ak.org

The Armia Krajowa communiqués detailing the number of trains arriving at Operation Reinhard death camps augmented by the demographic information regarding the number of people deported from each ghetto, were published by the Polish Underground State through the Biuletyn Informacyjny newspaper (BI) on behalf of the exiled Polish government in London. Grzegorz Mazur (2013). "The ZWZ-AK Bureau of Information and Propaganda". Essays and Articles. Polish Home Army Ex-Servicemen Association, London Branch. Archived from the original on 27 October 2012. Retrieved 1 December 2013.

retecivica.trieste.it

San Sabba (2009). "Risiera di San Sabba. History and Museum" (PDF). With Selected Bibliography: 3. Archived from the original (PDF) on 7 September 2012. Retrieved 2 May 2015.

semanticscholar.org

api.semanticscholar.org

Pohl, Dieter; Witte, Peter (2001). "The number of victims of belżec extermination camp: A faulty reassessment". East European Jewish Affairs. 31: 15–22. doi:10.1080/13501670108577932. S2CID 162068368.

stanford.edu

searchworks.stanford.edu

SearchWorks catalog (2015). "Bełżec. Author/Creator: Reder, Rudolf, 1881–". Stanford University Libraries' official online search. Imprint: Kraków, Centralna Żydowska Komisja Historyczna, 1946. p. 1. Retrieved 11 May 2015.

umn.edu

chgs.umn.edu

"Belzec Death Camp Memorial, Poland". Center for Holocaust & Genocide Studies : University of Minnesota. Retrieved 10 May 2015.

ushmm.org

The Holocaust Encyclopedia. "Belzec". United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. Archived from the original (Internet Archive) on 7 January 2012. Retrieved 10 May 2015.
USHMM (2014). "Holocaust Encyclopedia: Trawniki". United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, Washington, DC.
Holocaust Encyclopedia, "Belzec: Chronology" United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, 2013.

collections.ushmm.org

USHMM (2015). Testimony of Bronisław Ragan. USHMM Collections. Retrieved 29 April 2015. See also: sketch by Jan Krupa and Bronisław Ragan made at the request of the Bełżec Mayor, circa 1971.

warsawuprising.com

International Katyn Commission (30 April 1943). "Commission Findings". Transcript, Smolensk 30 April 1943. Warsaw Uprising by Project InPosterum. Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 15 November 2013.

web.archive.org

The Holocaust Encyclopedia. "Belzec". United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. Archived from the original (Internet Archive) on 7 January 2012. Retrieved 10 May 2015.
MMPwB, Decyzja o podjęciu akcji 'Reinhardt', Muzeum-Miejsce Pamięci w Bełżcu, Oddział Państwowego Muzeum na Majdanku, archived from the original on 20 August 2009
ARC (26 August 2006). "Belzec Camp History". Aktion Reinhard. Archived from the original on 25 December 2005. Retrieved 27 April 2015.
Historia Niemieckiego Obozu Zagłady w Bełżcu [History of the Belzec extermination camp] (in Polish), National Bełżec Museum & Monument of Martyrology [Muzeum – Miejsce Pamięci w Bełżcu], archived from the original on 29 October 2015, retrieved 14 March 2014
"The Gerstein Report (Der Gerstein-Bericht im NS-Archiv)". Annefrank.dk. 26 May 1945. Archived from the original on 3 February 2014. Retrieved 4 March 2014.
San Sabba (2009). "Risiera di San Sabba. History and Museum" (PDF). With Selected Bibliography: 3. Archived from the original (PDF) on 7 September 2012. Retrieved 2 May 2015.
International Katyn Commission (30 April 1943). "Commission Findings". Transcript, Smolensk 30 April 1943. Warsaw Uprising by Project InPosterum. Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 15 November 2013.
Kużniar-Plota, Małgorzata (30 November 2004). "Decision to commence investigation into Katyn Massacre". Departmental Commission for the Prosecution of Crimes against the Polish Nation. Archived from the original on 30 September 2012. Retrieved 26 August 2013.
The Armia Krajowa communiqués detailing the number of trains arriving at Operation Reinhard death camps augmented by the demographic information regarding the number of people deported from each ghetto, were published by the Polish Underground State through the Biuletyn Informacyjny newspaper (BI) on behalf of the exiled Polish government in London. Grzegorz Mazur (2013). "The ZWZ-AK Bureau of Information and Propaganda". Essays and Articles. Polish Home Army Ex-Servicemen Association, London Branch. Archived from the original on 27 October 2012. Retrieved 1 December 2013.
"Dawne upamiętnienie: pół wieku zapomnienia (Half-a-century of forgetting)". Camp history and photographs. Obóz Zagłady w Bełżcu (Belzec extermination camp museum). 2005. Archived from the original (Internet Archive 2009 capture) on 31 January 2009. Retrieved 9 February 2013.
"Dawne upamiętnienie: pół wieku zapomnienia (Half-a-century of forgetting)". Camp history and photographs. Obóz Zagłady w Bełżcu (Belzec extermination camp museum). 2005. Archived from the original (Internet Archive 2009 capture) on 2 February 2009. Retrieved 9 February 2013.
"Kalendarium". Powstanie Państwowego Muzeum (Creation of the Museum). Państwowe Muzeum na Majdanku. Archived from the original on 13 February 2011. Retrieved 9 April 2013.
Alex Bay,'The Reconstruction of Belzec', https://web.archive.org/web/20150905054338/http://www.holocaust-history.org/belzec/
Dariusz Libionka (2015). "Obóz zagłady w Bełżcu (Death camp in Bełżec)". Jewish.org.pl Portal Społeczności Żydowskiej. Państwowe Muzeum na Majdanku (Majdanek State Museum). Archived from the original on 5 November 2014. Retrieved 11 May 2015. Obóz zagłady w Bełżcu w relacjach ocalonych i zeznaniach polskich świadków (Testimonies of survivors and witnesses).
Alan Elsner (29 March 2010). "A New Nazi War Crimes Trial – And This Time It's Personal". Internet Archive. Archived from the original on 8 May 2015. Retrieved 12 May 2015. Ernst Klee, Willi Dreßen, Volker Rieß: Schöne Zeiten. S. Fischer Verlag, Frankfurt, 1988, ISBN 310039304X.

worldcat.org

Browning, Christopher R. (1994). "The Nazi Decision to Commit Mass Murder: Three Interpretations: The Euphoria of Victory and the Final Solution: Summer-Fall 1941". German Studies Review. 17 (3): 477. doi:10.2307/1431894. ISSN 0149-7952. JSTOR 1431894.
O'Neil, Robin (2011). "Appendix 5: Rudolf Reder's Bełzec: The End Product of 'The Rabka Four's' Activities in Distrikt Galicia". The Rabka Four: Instruments of Genocide and Grand Larceny (Poland). Spiderwize Publishing. p. 237. OCLC 796270628. Retrieved 12 May 2015 – via JewishGen.org.

yadvashem.org

www1.yadvashem.org

Yad Vashem. "Aktion Reinhard" (PDF). Shoah Resource Center. Retrieved 1 July 2013.

db.yadvashem.org

"Yad Vashem".

youtube.com

"Belzec – the house of Christian Wirth". Archived from the original on 17 November 2021. Retrieved 4 March 2014 – via YouTube.