Benjamin Lee Whorf (English Wikipedia)

The Relation of Habitual Thought And Behavior to Language. Written in 1939 and originally published in "Language, Culture and Personality: Essays in Memory of Edward Sapir" edited by Leslie Spier, 1941, reprinted in Carroll (1956:134–59). The piece is the source of most of the quotes used by Whorf's detractors. Carroll, John B. (1956). "Introduction". Language, Thought, and Reality: Selected Writings of Benjamin Lee Whorf. Cambridge, Mass.: Technology Press of Massachusetts Institute of Technology. pp. 1–34. ISBN 978-0-262-73006-8. {{cite book}}: ISBN / Date incompatibility (help)
"Science and linguistics" first published in 1940 in MIT Technology Review (42:229–31); reprinted in Carroll (1956:212–214) Carroll, John B. (1956). "Introduction". Language, Thought, and Reality: Selected Writings of Benjamin Lee Whorf. Cambridge, Mass.: Technology Press of Massachusetts Institute of Technology. pp. 1–34. ISBN 978-0-262-73006-8. {{cite book}}: ISBN / Date incompatibility (help)
Language Mind and reality. Written in 1941 originally printed by the Theosophical Society in 1942 "The Theosophist" Madras, India. Vol 63:1. 281–91. Reprinted in Carroll (1956:246–270). In 1952 also reprinted in "Etc., a Review of General Semantics, 9:167–188. Carroll, John B. (1956). "Introduction". Language, Thought, and Reality: Selected Writings of Benjamin Lee Whorf. Cambridge, Mass.: Technology Press of Massachusetts Institute of Technology. pp. 1–34. ISBN 978-0-262-73006-8. {{cite book}}: ISBN / Date incompatibility (help)
Carroll (1956:2–3) Carroll, John B. (1956). "Introduction". Language, Thought, and Reality: Selected Writings of Benjamin Lee Whorf. Cambridge, Mass.: Technology Press of Massachusetts Institute of Technology. pp. 1–34. ISBN 978-0-262-73006-8. {{cite book}}: ISBN / Date incompatibility (help)
Carroll (1956:6) Carroll, John B. (1956). "Introduction". Language, Thought, and Reality: Selected Writings of Benjamin Lee Whorf. Cambridge, Mass.: Technology Press of Massachusetts Institute of Technology. pp. 1–34. ISBN 978-0-262-73006-8. {{cite book}}: ISBN / Date incompatibility (help)
Carroll (1956:4) Carroll, John B. (1956). "Introduction". Language, Thought, and Reality: Selected Writings of Benjamin Lee Whorf. Cambridge, Mass.: Technology Press of Massachusetts Institute of Technology. pp. 1–34. ISBN 978-0-262-73006-8. {{cite book}}: ISBN / Date incompatibility (help)
Carroll (1956:10–11) Carroll, John B. (1956). "Introduction". Language, Thought, and Reality: Selected Writings of Benjamin Lee Whorf. Cambridge, Mass.: Technology Press of Massachusetts Institute of Technology. pp. 1–34. ISBN 978-0-262-73006-8. {{cite book}}: ISBN / Date incompatibility (help)
Carroll (1956) Carroll, John B. (1956). "Introduction". Language, Thought, and Reality: Selected Writings of Benjamin Lee Whorf. Cambridge, Mass.: Technology Press of Massachusetts Institute of Technology. pp. 1–34. ISBN 978-0-262-73006-8. {{cite book}}: ISBN / Date incompatibility (help)
Chomsky (1973) Chomsky, Noam (1973). "Introduction". In Adam Schaff (ed.). Language and Cognition. McGraw-Hill Paperbacks.
Lee (1996:19–20); Casasanto (2008);Gumperz & Levinson (1996); Darnell (2006);Lamb (2000); Levinson (2012) Lee, Penny (1996). The Whorf Theory Complex — A Critical Reconstruction. John Benjamins. Casasanto, Daniel (2008). "Who's Afraid of the Big Bad Whorf? Crosslinguistic Differences in Temporal Language and Thought". Language Learning. 58 (1): 79. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9922.2008.00462.x. hdl:11858/00-001M-0000-0014-6D70-1. Gumperz, John; Levinson, Stephen C. (1996). "Introduction: Linguistic Relativity Re-examined". In John Gumperz; Stephen C. Levinson (eds.). Rethinking Linguistic Relativity. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Darnell, Regna (2006). "Benjamin Lee Whorf and the Boasian Foundations of Contemporary Ethnolinguistics". In Jourdan, Christine; Tuite, Kevin (eds.). Language, Culture and Society. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 82–95. Lamb, Sydney M. (2000). "Neuro-Cognitive Structure in the Interplay of Language and Thought". In Pütz, Martin; Verspoor, Marjolyn (eds.). Explorations in Linguistic Relativity. John Benjamins Publishing Company. pp. 173–196. ISBN 978-90-272-3706-4. Levinson, Stephen C (2012). "Foreword". In Carroll, John B; Levinson, Stephen C; Lee, Penny (eds.). Language, Thought and Reality (2nd ed.). Cambridge, Mass/London, UK: MIT Press. pp. vii–xxiii. ISBN 978-0-262-51775-1.
Leavitt (2011:189–212); Casasanto (2008);Reines & Prinze (2009); Boroditsky (2003); Nisbett (2003:159); Lee (1997); Darnell (2006) Leavitt, John (2011). Linguistic Relativities: Language Diversity and Modern Thought. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-76782-8. Casasanto, Daniel (2008). "Who's Afraid of the Big Bad Whorf? Crosslinguistic Differences in Temporal Language and Thought". Language Learning. 58 (1): 79. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9922.2008.00462.x. hdl:11858/00-001M-0000-0014-6D70-1. Reines, Maria Francisca; Prinze, Jesse (2009). "Reviving Whorf: The Return of Linguistic Relativity". Philosophy Compass. 4 (6): 1022–1032. doi:10.1111/j.1747-9991.2009.00260.x. Boroditsky, Lera (2003). "Linguistic Relativity". Encyclopedia of Cognitive Science. Hoboken, NJ, USA: Wiley. Nisbett, R. (2003). The Geography of Thought. New York: The Free Press. ISBN 9780743216463. Lee, Penny (1997). "Language in Thinking and Learning: Pedagogy and the New Whorfian Framework". Harvard Educational Review. 67 (3): 430–472. doi:10.17763/haer.67.3.m2q0530x2r574117. Darnell, Regna (2006). "Benjamin Lee Whorf and the Boasian Foundations of Contemporary Ethnolinguistics". In Jourdan, Christine; Tuite, Kevin (eds.). Language, Culture and Society. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 82–95.
Carroll (1956:16–17); Whorf, Campbell & Karttunen (1993) Carroll, John B. (1956). "Introduction". Language, Thought, and Reality: Selected Writings of Benjamin Lee Whorf. Cambridge, Mass.: Technology Press of Massachusetts Institute of Technology. pp. 1–34. ISBN 978-0-262-73006-8. {{cite book}}: ISBN / Date incompatibility (help) Whorf, Benjamin Lee; Campbell, Lyle; Karttunen, Frances (1993). "Pitch Tone and the "Saltillo" in Modern and Ancient Nahuatl". International Journal of American Linguistics. 59 (2): 165–223. doi:10.1086/466194. OCLC 1753556. S2CID 144639961.
Coe (1992) Coe, Michael D. (1992). Breaking the Maya Code. London: Thames & Hudson. ISBN 978-0-500-05061-3.

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

Whorf, B. L. (1937). "The origin of Aztec tl". American Anthropologist. 39 (2): 265–274. doi:10.1525/aa.1937.39.2.02a00070.
Leavitt (2011) notes how Davidson cites an essay by Whorf as claiming that English and Hopi ideas of times cannot 'be calibrated'. But the word "calibrate" does not appear in the essay cited by Davidson, and in the essay where Whorf does use the word he explicitly states that the two conceptualizations can be calibrated. For Leavitt this is characteristic of the way Whorf has been consistently misread, others such as Lee (1996), Alford (1978) and Casasanto (2008) make similar points. Leavitt, John (2011). Linguistic Relativities: Language Diversity and Modern Thought. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-76782-8. Lee, Penny (1996). The Whorf Theory Complex — A Critical Reconstruction. John Benjamins. Alford, D. K. H. (1978). "The Demise of the Whorf Hypothesis (A Major Revision in the History of Linguistics)" (PDF). Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society. 4: 485. doi:10.3765/bls.v4i0.2227. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 9, 2022. Casasanto, Daniel (2008). "Who's Afraid of the Big Bad Whorf? Crosslinguistic Differences in Temporal Language and Thought". Language Learning. 58 (1): 79. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9922.2008.00462.x. hdl:11858/00-001M-0000-0014-6D70-1.
McWhorter misquotes Paul Kay and Willett Kempton's 1984 article "What is the Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis" (Kay & Kempton (1984)), in which they criticize those of Whorf's interpreters who are only willing to accept spectacular differences in cognition. McWhorter attributes the view to Kay and Kempton that they were in fact criticizing. Kay, Paul; Kempton, Willett (1984). "What Is the Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis?". American Anthropologist. New Series. 86 (1): 65–79. doi:10.1525/aa.1984.86.1.02a00050.
Newcombe & Uttal (2006); Chapman & Routledge (2005:268–71) Newcombe, Nora S.; Uttal, David H. (2006). "Whorf versus Socrates, round 10". Trends in Cognitive Sciences. 10 (9): 394–396. doi:10.1016/j.tics.2006.07.008. PMID 16899401. S2CID 18582377. Chapman, Siobhan; Routledge, Christopher, eds. (2005). Key Thinkers in Linguistics and the Philosophy of Language. USA: Oxford University Press. pp. 268–71. ISBN 978-0-19-518768-7.
Heynick (1983) Heynick, Frank (1983). "From Einstein to Whorf: Space, time, matter, and reference frames in physical and linguistic relativity". Semiotica. 45 (1–2): 35–64. doi:10.1515/semi.1983.45.1-2.35. S2CID 170121402.
Kahane, Henry; Kahane, Renée (1983). "Humanistic linguistics". The Journal of Aesthetic Education. 17 (4): 65–89. doi:10.2307/3332265. JSTOR 3332265.
Klautke, Egbert (2010). "The Mind of the Nation: The Debate about Völkerpsychologie, 1851–1900" (PDF). Central Europe. 8 (1): 1–19. doi:10.1179/174582110X12676382921428. S2CID 14786272. Retrieved July 8, 2020.
Rollins (1972); Rollins (1971) Rollins, P. C. (1972). "The Whorf Hypothesis as a Critique of Western Science and Technology". American Quarterly. 24 (5): 563–583. doi:10.2307/2711660. JSTOR 2711660. Rollins, P. C. (1971). "Benjamin Lee Whorf: Transcendental Linguist". The Journal of Popular Culture. 5 (3): 673–696. doi:10.1111/j.0022-3840.1971.0503_673.x.
Whorf, Campbell & Karttunen (1993) Whorf, Benjamin Lee; Campbell, Lyle; Karttunen, Frances (1993). "Pitch Tone and the "Saltillo" in Modern and Ancient Nahuatl". International Journal of American Linguistics. 59 (2): 165–223. doi:10.1086/466194. OCLC 1753556. S2CID 144639961.
Subbiondo (2005) Subbiondo, J. L. (2005). "Benjamin Lee Whorf's theory of language, culture, and consciousness: A critique of western science". Language & Communication. 25 (2): 149–159. doi:10.1016/j.langcom.2005.02.001.
Leavitt (2011:169); Lucy (1997:294) Leavitt, John (2011). Linguistic Relativities: Language Diversity and Modern Thought. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-76782-8. Lucy, John A. (1997). "Linguistic Relativity". Annual Review of Anthropology. 26: 291–312. doi:10.1146/annurev.anthro.26.1.291.
Lenneberg (1953); Brown & Lenneberg (1954) Lenneberg, Eric (1953). "Cognition in Ethnolinguistics". Language. 29 (4): 463–471. doi:10.2307/409956. JSTOR 409956. Brown, R.; Lenneberg, E. (1954). "A study in language and cognition" (PDF). Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology. 49 (3): 454–462. doi:10.1037/h0057814. PMID 13174309. Archived from the original (PDF) on September 22, 2017. Retrieved April 20, 2018.
Leavitt (2011:189–212); Lee (1997);Gumperz & Levinson (1996); Levinson (2012) Leavitt, John (2011). Linguistic Relativities: Language Diversity and Modern Thought. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-76782-8. Lee, Penny (1997). "Language in Thinking and Learning: Pedagogy and the New Whorfian Framework". Harvard Educational Review. 67 (3): 430–472. doi:10.17763/haer.67.3.m2q0530x2r574117. Gumperz, John; Levinson, Stephen C. (1996). "Introduction: Linguistic Relativity Re-examined". In John Gumperz; Stephen C. Levinson (eds.). Rethinking Linguistic Relativity. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Levinson, Stephen C (2012). "Foreword". In Carroll, John B; Levinson, Stephen C; Lee, Penny (eds.). Language, Thought and Reality (2nd ed.). Cambridge, Mass/London, UK: MIT Press. pp. vii–xxiii. ISBN 978-0-262-51775-1.
Davidson (1973) Davidson, Donald (1973). "On the very idea of a conceptual scheme". Proceedings and Addresses of the American Philosophical Association. 47: 5–20. doi:10.2307/3129898. JSTOR 3129898.
Black (1959:230) Black, Max (1959). "Linguistic Relativity: The Views of Benjamin Lee Whorf". The Philosophical Review. 68 (2): 228–238. doi:10.2307/2182168. JSTOR 2182168.
Ridington (1987:18) Ridington, Robin (1987). "Models of the Universe: The Poetic Paradign [sic] of Benjamin Lee Whorf". Anthropology and Humanism Quarterly. 12: 16–24. doi:10.1525/ahu.1987.12.1.16.
Lee (1996:19–20); Casasanto (2008);Gumperz & Levinson (1996); Darnell (2006);Lamb (2000); Levinson (2012) Lee, Penny (1996). The Whorf Theory Complex — A Critical Reconstruction. John Benjamins. Casasanto, Daniel (2008). "Who's Afraid of the Big Bad Whorf? Crosslinguistic Differences in Temporal Language and Thought". Language Learning. 58 (1): 79. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9922.2008.00462.x. hdl:11858/00-001M-0000-0014-6D70-1. Gumperz, John; Levinson, Stephen C. (1996). "Introduction: Linguistic Relativity Re-examined". In John Gumperz; Stephen C. Levinson (eds.). Rethinking Linguistic Relativity. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Darnell, Regna (2006). "Benjamin Lee Whorf and the Boasian Foundations of Contemporary Ethnolinguistics". In Jourdan, Christine; Tuite, Kevin (eds.). Language, Culture and Society. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 82–95. Lamb, Sydney M. (2000). "Neuro-Cognitive Structure in the Interplay of Language and Thought". In Pütz, Martin; Verspoor, Marjolyn (eds.). Explorations in Linguistic Relativity. John Benjamins Publishing Company. pp. 173–196. ISBN 978-90-272-3706-4. Levinson, Stephen C (2012). "Foreword". In Carroll, John B; Levinson, Stephen C; Lee, Penny (eds.). Language, Thought and Reality (2nd ed.). Cambridge, Mass/London, UK: MIT Press. pp. vii–xxiii. ISBN 978-0-262-51775-1.
Leavitt (2011:189–212); Casasanto (2008);Reines & Prinze (2009); Boroditsky (2003); Nisbett (2003:159); Lee (1997); Darnell (2006) Leavitt, John (2011). Linguistic Relativities: Language Diversity and Modern Thought. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-76782-8. Casasanto, Daniel (2008). "Who's Afraid of the Big Bad Whorf? Crosslinguistic Differences in Temporal Language and Thought". Language Learning. 58 (1): 79. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9922.2008.00462.x. hdl:11858/00-001M-0000-0014-6D70-1. Reines, Maria Francisca; Prinze, Jesse (2009). "Reviving Whorf: The Return of Linguistic Relativity". Philosophy Compass. 4 (6): 1022–1032. doi:10.1111/j.1747-9991.2009.00260.x. Boroditsky, Lera (2003). "Linguistic Relativity". Encyclopedia of Cognitive Science. Hoboken, NJ, USA: Wiley. Nisbett, R. (2003). The Geography of Thought. New York: The Free Press. ISBN 9780743216463. Lee, Penny (1997). "Language in Thinking and Learning: Pedagogy and the New Whorfian Framework". Harvard Educational Review. 67 (3): 430–472. doi:10.17763/haer.67.3.m2q0530x2r574117. Darnell, Regna (2006). "Benjamin Lee Whorf and the Boasian Foundations of Contemporary Ethnolinguistics". In Jourdan, Christine; Tuite, Kevin (eds.). Language, Culture and Society. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 82–95.
Lucy (1997) Lucy, John A. (1997). "Linguistic Relativity". Annual Review of Anthropology. 26: 291–312. doi:10.1146/annurev.anthro.26.1.291.
Kienpointner (1996) Kienpointner, M. (1996). "Whorf and Wittgenstein. Language, world view and argumentation". Argumentation. 10 (4): 475–494. doi:10.1007/BF00142980. S2CID 170708264.
Chatterjee (1985) Chatterjee, Ranjit (1985). "Reading Whorf through Wittgenstein: A solution to the linguistic relativity problem". Lingua. 67 (1): 37–63. doi:10.1016/0024-3841(85)90012-9.
Carroll (2005); Newcombe & Uttal (2006) Carroll, John B. (2005). "Whorf, Benjamin Lee". Encyclopedia of Cognitive Science. Newcombe, Nora S.; Uttal, David H. (2006). "Whorf versus Socrates, round 10". Trends in Cognitive Sciences. 10 (9): 394–396. doi:10.1016/j.tics.2006.07.008. PMID 16899401. S2CID 18582377.
Alford (1981) Alford, D. K. H. (1981). "Is Whorf's Relativity Einstein's Relativity?". Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society. 7: 13–26. doi:10.3765/bls.v7i0.2077.
Goddard, Cliff (2003). "Whorf meets Wierzbicka: variation and universals in language and thinking". Language Sciences. 25 (4): 393-432. doi:10.1016/S0388-0001(03)00002-0. Retrieved April 12, 2024. At this point, the discussion of Whorf's work on Hopi has a tendency to break down. Critics of Whorf quote various of his statements which appear to be contradicted by Malotki's data. Supporters counter that the critics haven't understood what Whorf really meant, and that even if Whorf was mistaken on a few linguistic details his overall contention that the Hopi have a fundamentally different conceptualisation of time is valid. In my view, a good deal of the confusion is caused by a lack of agreement about what exactly constitutes a fundamentally different conceptualisation of time.
Lee (1996:140); Lee (1991) Lee, Penny (1996). The Whorf Theory Complex — A Critical Reconstruction. John Benjamins. Lee, Penny (1991). "Whorf's Hopi tensors: Subtle articulators in the language/thought nexus?". Cognitive Linguistics. 2 (2): 123–148. doi:10.1515/cogl.1991.2.2.123. S2CID 143773292.
Trager & Bloch (1941) Trager, George L.; Bloch, Bernard (1941). "The syllabic phonemes of English". Language. 17 (3): 223–246. doi:10.2307/409203. JSTOR 409203.
Zhou (2000:347);Duranti (2003); Schultz (1990:21–22); Mertz & Yovel (2010) Zhou, Minglang (2000). "Metalinguistic awareness in linguistic relativity: Cultural and subcultural practices across Chinese dialect communities". In Pütz, Martin; Verspoor, Marjolyn (eds.). Explorations in linguistic relativity. John Benjamins Publishing Company. ISBN 978-90-272-3706-4. Duranti, Alessandro (2003). "Language as Culture in U.S. Anthropology: Three Paradigms". Current Anthropology. 44 (3): 323–347. doi:10.1086/368118. S2CID 148075449. Schultz, Emily Ann (1990). Dialogue at the Margins: Whorf, Bakhtin, and Linguistic Relativity. University of Wisconsin Press. Mertz, Elizabeth; Yovel, Jonathan (2010). "Metalinguistic Awareness". In Verschueren, Jef; Östman, Jan-Ola (eds.). Handbook of Pragmatics Highlights. Kluwer.
Carroll (1956:16–17); Whorf, Campbell & Karttunen (1993) Carroll, John B. (1956). "Introduction". Language, Thought, and Reality: Selected Writings of Benjamin Lee Whorf. Cambridge, Mass.: Technology Press of Massachusetts Institute of Technology. pp. 1–34. ISBN 978-0-262-73006-8. {{cite book}}: ISBN / Date incompatibility (help) Whorf, Benjamin Lee; Campbell, Lyle; Karttunen, Frances (1993). "Pitch Tone and the "Saltillo" in Modern and Ancient Nahuatl". International Journal of American Linguistics. 59 (2): 165–223. doi:10.1086/466194. OCLC 1753556. S2CID 144639961.

escholarship.org (Global: 1,523^rd place; English: 976^th place)

cloudfront.escholarship.org

Leavitt (2011) notes how Davidson cites an essay by Whorf as claiming that English and Hopi ideas of times cannot 'be calibrated'. But the word "calibrate" does not appear in the essay cited by Davidson, and in the essay where Whorf does use the word he explicitly states that the two conceptualizations can be calibrated. For Leavitt this is characteristic of the way Whorf has been consistently misread, others such as Lee (1996), Alford (1978) and Casasanto (2008) make similar points. Leavitt, John (2011). Linguistic Relativities: Language Diversity and Modern Thought. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-76782-8. Lee, Penny (1996). The Whorf Theory Complex — A Critical Reconstruction. John Benjamins. Alford, D. K. H. (1978). "The Demise of the Whorf Hypothesis (A Major Revision in the History of Linguistics)" (PDF). Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society. 4: 485. doi:10.3765/bls.v4i0.2227. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 9, 2022. Casasanto, Daniel (2008). "Who's Afraid of the Big Bad Whorf? Crosslinguistic Differences in Temporal Language and Thought". Language Learning. 58 (1): 79. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9922.2008.00462.x. hdl:11858/00-001M-0000-0014-6D70-1.

ghostarchive.org (Global: 32^nd place; English: 21^st place)

Leavitt (2011) notes how Davidson cites an essay by Whorf as claiming that English and Hopi ideas of times cannot 'be calibrated'. But the word "calibrate" does not appear in the essay cited by Davidson, and in the essay where Whorf does use the word he explicitly states that the two conceptualizations can be calibrated. For Leavitt this is characteristic of the way Whorf has been consistently misread, others such as Lee (1996), Alford (1978) and Casasanto (2008) make similar points. Leavitt, John (2011). Linguistic Relativities: Language Diversity and Modern Thought. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-76782-8. Lee, Penny (1996). The Whorf Theory Complex — A Critical Reconstruction. John Benjamins. Alford, D. K. H. (1978). "The Demise of the Whorf Hypothesis (A Major Revision in the History of Linguistics)" (PDF). Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society. 4: 485. doi:10.3765/bls.v4i0.2227. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 9, 2022. Casasanto, Daniel (2008). "Who's Afraid of the Big Bad Whorf? Crosslinguistic Differences in Temporal Language and Thought". Language Learning. 58 (1): 79. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9922.2008.00462.x. hdl:11858/00-001M-0000-0014-6D70-1.
Pullum (1991) Pullum, Geoffrey (1991). The Great Eskimo Vocabulary Hoax and other Irreverent Essays on the Study of Language (PDF). Chicago University Press. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 9, 2022.

handle.net (Global: 102^nd place; English: 76^th place)

hdl.handle.net

Leavitt (2011) notes how Davidson cites an essay by Whorf as claiming that English and Hopi ideas of times cannot 'be calibrated'. But the word "calibrate" does not appear in the essay cited by Davidson, and in the essay where Whorf does use the word he explicitly states that the two conceptualizations can be calibrated. For Leavitt this is characteristic of the way Whorf has been consistently misread, others such as Lee (1996), Alford (1978) and Casasanto (2008) make similar points. Leavitt, John (2011). Linguistic Relativities: Language Diversity and Modern Thought. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-76782-8. Lee, Penny (1996). The Whorf Theory Complex — A Critical Reconstruction. John Benjamins. Alford, D. K. H. (1978). "The Demise of the Whorf Hypothesis (A Major Revision in the History of Linguistics)" (PDF). Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society. 4: 485. doi:10.3765/bls.v4i0.2227. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 9, 2022. Casasanto, Daniel (2008). "Who's Afraid of the Big Bad Whorf? Crosslinguistic Differences in Temporal Language and Thought". Language Learning. 58 (1): 79. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9922.2008.00462.x. hdl:11858/00-001M-0000-0014-6D70-1.
Lee (1996:19–20); Casasanto (2008);Gumperz & Levinson (1996); Darnell (2006);Lamb (2000); Levinson (2012) Lee, Penny (1996). The Whorf Theory Complex — A Critical Reconstruction. John Benjamins. Casasanto, Daniel (2008). "Who's Afraid of the Big Bad Whorf? Crosslinguistic Differences in Temporal Language and Thought". Language Learning. 58 (1): 79. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9922.2008.00462.x. hdl:11858/00-001M-0000-0014-6D70-1. Gumperz, John; Levinson, Stephen C. (1996). "Introduction: Linguistic Relativity Re-examined". In John Gumperz; Stephen C. Levinson (eds.). Rethinking Linguistic Relativity. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Darnell, Regna (2006). "Benjamin Lee Whorf and the Boasian Foundations of Contemporary Ethnolinguistics". In Jourdan, Christine; Tuite, Kevin (eds.). Language, Culture and Society. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 82–95. Lamb, Sydney M. (2000). "Neuro-Cognitive Structure in the Interplay of Language and Thought". In Pütz, Martin; Verspoor, Marjolyn (eds.). Explorations in Linguistic Relativity. John Benjamins Publishing Company. pp. 173–196. ISBN 978-90-272-3706-4. Levinson, Stephen C (2012). "Foreword". In Carroll, John B; Levinson, Stephen C; Lee, Penny (eds.). Language, Thought and Reality (2nd ed.). Cambridge, Mass/London, UK: MIT Press. pp. vii–xxiii. ISBN 978-0-262-51775-1.
Leavitt (2011:189–212); Casasanto (2008);Reines & Prinze (2009); Boroditsky (2003); Nisbett (2003:159); Lee (1997); Darnell (2006) Leavitt, John (2011). Linguistic Relativities: Language Diversity and Modern Thought. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-76782-8. Casasanto, Daniel (2008). "Who's Afraid of the Big Bad Whorf? Crosslinguistic Differences in Temporal Language and Thought". Language Learning. 58 (1): 79. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9922.2008.00462.x. hdl:11858/00-001M-0000-0014-6D70-1. Reines, Maria Francisca; Prinze, Jesse (2009). "Reviving Whorf: The Return of Linguistic Relativity". Philosophy Compass. 4 (6): 1022–1032. doi:10.1111/j.1747-9991.2009.00260.x. Boroditsky, Lera (2003). "Linguistic Relativity". Encyclopedia of Cognitive Science. Hoboken, NJ, USA: Wiley. Nisbett, R. (2003). The Geography of Thought. New York: The Free Press. ISBN 9780743216463. Lee, Penny (1997). "Language in Thinking and Learning: Pedagogy and the New Whorfian Framework". Harvard Educational Review. 67 (3): 430–472. doi:10.17763/haer.67.3.m2q0530x2r574117. Darnell, Regna (2006). "Benjamin Lee Whorf and the Boasian Foundations of Contemporary Ethnolinguistics". In Jourdan, Christine; Tuite, Kevin (eds.). Language, Culture and Society. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 82–95.

henrysweet.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

Parry-Jones (1997) Parry-Jones, Anthony (1997). "Review of: Penny Lee – The Whorf Theory Complex: A Critical Reconstruction" (PDF). Henry Sweet Society Bulletin (29). Archived from the original (PDF) on November 21, 2008.

hilgart.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

See also Nick Yee's evaluation of Pinker's criticism, What Whorf Really Said, and Dan "Moonhawk" Alford's rebuttal of Chomsky's critique at Chomsky's Rebuttal of Whorf: The Annotated Version by Moonhawk, 8/95 Archived January 31, 2020, at the Wayback Machine and The Great Whorf Hypothesis Hoax by Dan Moonhawk Alford Archived September 5, 2019, at the Wayback Machine.

icr.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

Bergman (2011); Lakoff (1987:324) Bergman, J. (2011). "Benjamin Lee Whorf: An Early Supporter of Creationism". Acts & Facts. 40 (10): 12–14. Lakoff, George (1987). Women, fire, and dangerous things. University Of Chicago Press.

jstor.org (Global: 26^th place; English: 20^th place)

Kahane, Henry; Kahane, Renée (1983). "Humanistic linguistics". The Journal of Aesthetic Education. 17 (4): 65–89. doi:10.2307/3332265. JSTOR 3332265.
Rollins (1972); Rollins (1971) Rollins, P. C. (1972). "The Whorf Hypothesis as a Critique of Western Science and Technology". American Quarterly. 24 (5): 563–583. doi:10.2307/2711660. JSTOR 2711660. Rollins, P. C. (1971). "Benjamin Lee Whorf: Transcendental Linguist". The Journal of Popular Culture. 5 (3): 673–696. doi:10.1111/j.0022-3840.1971.0503_673.x.
Lenneberg (1953); Brown & Lenneberg (1954) Lenneberg, Eric (1953). "Cognition in Ethnolinguistics". Language. 29 (4): 463–471. doi:10.2307/409956. JSTOR 409956. Brown, R.; Lenneberg, E. (1954). "A study in language and cognition" (PDF). Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology. 49 (3): 454–462. doi:10.1037/h0057814. PMID 13174309. Archived from the original (PDF) on September 22, 2017. Retrieved April 20, 2018.
Davidson (1973) Davidson, Donald (1973). "On the very idea of a conceptual scheme". Proceedings and Addresses of the American Philosophical Association. 47: 5–20. doi:10.2307/3129898. JSTOR 3129898.
Black (1959:230) Black, Max (1959). "Linguistic Relativity: The Views of Benjamin Lee Whorf". The Philosophical Review. 68 (2): 228–238. doi:10.2307/2182168. JSTOR 2182168.
Whorf, Benjamin Lee (2012). "Language, Mind, and Reality (1941)". In John B. Carroll; et al. (eds.). Language, Thought, and Reality: Selected Writings of Benjamin Lee Whorf. The MIT Press. pp. 315–344. JSTOR 42581351.
Trager & Bloch (1941) Trager, George L.; Bloch, Bernard (1941). "The syllabic phonemes of English". Language. 17 (3): 223–246. doi:10.2307/409203. JSTOR 409203.

mpg.de (Global: 1,624^th place; English: 1,592^nd place)

pubman.mpdl.mpg.de

Lenneberg (1953); Brown & Lenneberg (1954) Lenneberg, Eric (1953). "Cognition in Ethnolinguistics". Language. 29 (4): 463–471. doi:10.2307/409956. JSTOR 409956. Brown, R.; Lenneberg, E. (1954). "A study in language and cognition" (PDF). Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology. 49 (3): 454–462. doi:10.1037/h0057814. PMID 13174309. Archived from the original (PDF) on September 22, 2017. Retrieved April 20, 2018.

nickyee.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

See also Nick Yee's evaluation of Pinker's criticism, What Whorf Really Said, and Dan "Moonhawk" Alford's rebuttal of Chomsky's critique at Chomsky's Rebuttal of Whorf: The Annotated Version by Moonhawk, 8/95 Archived January 31, 2020, at the Wayback Machine and The Great Whorf Hypothesis Hoax by Dan Moonhawk Alford Archived September 5, 2019, at the Wayback Machine.

nih.gov (Global: 4^th place; English: 4^th place)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Newcombe & Uttal (2006); Chapman & Routledge (2005:268–71) Newcombe, Nora S.; Uttal, David H. (2006). "Whorf versus Socrates, round 10". Trends in Cognitive Sciences. 10 (9): 394–396. doi:10.1016/j.tics.2006.07.008. PMID 16899401. S2CID 18582377. Chapman, Siobhan; Routledge, Christopher, eds. (2005). Key Thinkers in Linguistics and the Philosophy of Language. USA: Oxford University Press. pp. 268–71. ISBN 978-0-19-518768-7.
Lenneberg (1953); Brown & Lenneberg (1954) Lenneberg, Eric (1953). "Cognition in Ethnolinguistics". Language. 29 (4): 463–471. doi:10.2307/409956. JSTOR 409956. Brown, R.; Lenneberg, E. (1954). "A study in language and cognition" (PDF). Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology. 49 (3): 454–462. doi:10.1037/h0057814. PMID 13174309. Archived from the original (PDF) on September 22, 2017. Retrieved April 20, 2018.
Carroll (2005); Newcombe & Uttal (2006) Carroll, John B. (2005). "Whorf, Benjamin Lee". Encyclopedia of Cognitive Science. Newcombe, Nora S.; Uttal, David H. (2006). "Whorf versus Socrates, round 10". Trends in Cognitive Sciences. 10 (9): 394–396. doi:10.1016/j.tics.2006.07.008. PMID 16899401. S2CID 18582377.

sciencedirect.com (Global: 149^th place; English: 178^th place)

Goddard, Cliff (2003). "Whorf meets Wierzbicka: variation and universals in language and thinking". Language Sciences. 25 (4): 393-432. doi:10.1016/S0388-0001(03)00002-0. Retrieved April 12, 2024. At this point, the discussion of Whorf's work on Hopi has a tendency to break down. Critics of Whorf quote various of his statements which appear to be contradicted by Malotki's data. Supporters counter that the critics haven't understood what Whorf really meant, and that even if Whorf was mistaken on a few linguistic details his overall contention that the Hopi have a fundamentally different conceptualisation of time is valid. In my view, a good deal of the confusion is caused by a lack of agreement about what exactly constitutes a fundamentally different conceptualisation of time.

semanticscholar.org (Global: 11^th place; English: 8^th place)

api.semanticscholar.org

Newcombe & Uttal (2006); Chapman & Routledge (2005:268–71) Newcombe, Nora S.; Uttal, David H. (2006). "Whorf versus Socrates, round 10". Trends in Cognitive Sciences. 10 (9): 394–396. doi:10.1016/j.tics.2006.07.008. PMID 16899401. S2CID 18582377. Chapman, Siobhan; Routledge, Christopher, eds. (2005). Key Thinkers in Linguistics and the Philosophy of Language. USA: Oxford University Press. pp. 268–71. ISBN 978-0-19-518768-7.
Heynick (1983) Heynick, Frank (1983). "From Einstein to Whorf: Space, time, matter, and reference frames in physical and linguistic relativity". Semiotica. 45 (1–2): 35–64. doi:10.1515/semi.1983.45.1-2.35. S2CID 170121402.
Klautke, Egbert (2010). "The Mind of the Nation: The Debate about Völkerpsychologie, 1851–1900" (PDF). Central Europe. 8 (1): 1–19. doi:10.1179/174582110X12676382921428. S2CID 14786272. Retrieved July 8, 2020.
Whorf, Campbell & Karttunen (1993) Whorf, Benjamin Lee; Campbell, Lyle; Karttunen, Frances (1993). "Pitch Tone and the "Saltillo" in Modern and Ancient Nahuatl". International Journal of American Linguistics. 59 (2): 165–223. doi:10.1086/466194. OCLC 1753556. S2CID 144639961.
Kienpointner (1996) Kienpointner, M. (1996). "Whorf and Wittgenstein. Language, world view and argumentation". Argumentation. 10 (4): 475–494. doi:10.1007/BF00142980. S2CID 170708264.
Carroll (2005); Newcombe & Uttal (2006) Carroll, John B. (2005). "Whorf, Benjamin Lee". Encyclopedia of Cognitive Science. Newcombe, Nora S.; Uttal, David H. (2006). "Whorf versus Socrates, round 10". Trends in Cognitive Sciences. 10 (9): 394–396. doi:10.1016/j.tics.2006.07.008. PMID 16899401. S2CID 18582377.
Lee (1996:140); Lee (1991) Lee, Penny (1996). The Whorf Theory Complex — A Critical Reconstruction. John Benjamins. Lee, Penny (1991). "Whorf's Hopi tensors: Subtle articulators in the language/thought nexus?". Cognitive Linguistics. 2 (2): 123–148. doi:10.1515/cogl.1991.2.2.123. S2CID 143773292.
Zhou (2000:347);Duranti (2003); Schultz (1990:21–22); Mertz & Yovel (2010) Zhou, Minglang (2000). "Metalinguistic awareness in linguistic relativity: Cultural and subcultural practices across Chinese dialect communities". In Pütz, Martin; Verspoor, Marjolyn (eds.). Explorations in linguistic relativity. John Benjamins Publishing Company. ISBN 978-90-272-3706-4. Duranti, Alessandro (2003). "Language as Culture in U.S. Anthropology: Three Paradigms". Current Anthropology. 44 (3): 323–347. doi:10.1086/368118. S2CID 148075449. Schultz, Emily Ann (1990). Dialogue at the Margins: Whorf, Bakhtin, and Linguistic Relativity. University of Wisconsin Press. Mertz, Elizabeth; Yovel, Jonathan (2010). "Metalinguistic Awareness". In Verschueren, Jef; Östman, Jan-Ola (eds.). Handbook of Pragmatics Highlights. Kluwer.
Carroll (1956:16–17); Whorf, Campbell & Karttunen (1993) Carroll, John B. (1956). "Introduction". Language, Thought, and Reality: Selected Writings of Benjamin Lee Whorf. Cambridge, Mass.: Technology Press of Massachusetts Institute of Technology. pp. 1–34. ISBN 978-0-262-73006-8. {{cite book}}: ISBN / Date incompatibility (help) Whorf, Benjamin Lee; Campbell, Lyle; Karttunen, Frances (1993). "Pitch Tone and the "Saltillo" in Modern and Ancient Nahuatl". International Journal of American Linguistics. 59 (2): 165–223. doi:10.1086/466194. OCLC 1753556. S2CID 144639961.

theosophical.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

Algeo (2001) Algeo, John (July–August 2001). "A Notable Theosophist: Benjamin Lee Whorf". Quest. 89 (4): 148–149. Retrieved May 9, 2024.

ucl.ac.uk (Global: 1,306^th place; English: 885^th place)

discovery.ucl.ac.uk

Klautke, Egbert (2010). "The Mind of the Nation: The Debate about Völkerpsychologie, 1851–1900" (PDF). Central Europe. 8 (1): 1–19. doi:10.1179/174582110X12676382921428. S2CID 14786272. Retrieved July 8, 2020.

utu.fi (Global: low place; English: low place)

users.utu.fi

Pullum (1991) Pullum, Geoffrey (1991). The Great Eskimo Vocabulary Hoax and other Irreverent Essays on the Study of Language (PDF). Chicago University Press. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 9, 2022.

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

See also Nick Yee's evaluation of Pinker's criticism, What Whorf Really Said, and Dan "Moonhawk" Alford's rebuttal of Chomsky's critique at Chomsky's Rebuttal of Whorf: The Annotated Version by Moonhawk, 8/95 Archived January 31, 2020, at the Wayback Machine and The Great Whorf Hypothesis Hoax by Dan Moonhawk Alford Archived September 5, 2019, at the Wayback Machine.
Lenneberg (1953); Brown & Lenneberg (1954) Lenneberg, Eric (1953). "Cognition in Ethnolinguistics". Language. 29 (4): 463–471. doi:10.2307/409956. JSTOR 409956. Brown, R.; Lenneberg, E. (1954). "A study in language and cognition" (PDF). Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology. 49 (3): 454–462. doi:10.1037/h0057814. PMID 13174309. Archived from the original (PDF) on September 22, 2017. Retrieved April 20, 2018.
Parry-Jones (1997) Parry-Jones, Anthony (1997). "Review of: Penny Lee – The Whorf Theory Complex: A Critical Reconstruction" (PDF). Henry Sweet Society Bulletin (29). Archived from the original (PDF) on November 21, 2008.

worldcat.org (Global: 5^th place; English: 5^th place)

search.worldcat.org

Whorf, Campbell & Karttunen (1993) Whorf, Benjamin Lee; Campbell, Lyle; Karttunen, Frances (1993). "Pitch Tone and the "Saltillo" in Modern and Ancient Nahuatl". International Journal of American Linguistics. 59 (2): 165–223. doi:10.1086/466194. OCLC 1753556. S2CID 144639961.
Darnell (2001) Darnell, Regna (2001). Invisible Genealogies: A History of Americanist Anthropology. Critical studies in the history of anthropology series. Vol. 1. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press. ISBN 978-0-8032-1710-2. OCLC 44502297.
Carroll (1956:16–17); Whorf, Campbell & Karttunen (1993) Carroll, John B. (1956). "Introduction". Language, Thought, and Reality: Selected Writings of Benjamin Lee Whorf. Cambridge, Mass.: Technology Press of Massachusetts Institute of Technology. pp. 1–34. ISBN 978-0-262-73006-8. {{cite book}}: ISBN / Date incompatibility (help) Whorf, Benjamin Lee; Campbell, Lyle; Karttunen, Frances (1993). "Pitch Tone and the "Saltillo" in Modern and Ancient Nahuatl". International Journal of American Linguistics. 59 (2): 165–223. doi:10.1086/466194. OCLC 1753556. S2CID 144639961.

Benjamin Lee Whorf (English Wikipedia)

archive.org (Global: 6th place; English: 6th place)

doi.org (Global: 2nd place; English: 2nd place)

escholarship.org (Global: 1,523rd place; English: 976th place)

cloudfront.escholarship.org

ghostarchive.org (Global: 32nd place; English: 21st place)

handle.net (Global: 102nd place; English: 76th place)

hdl.handle.net

henrysweet.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

hilgart.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

icr.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

jstor.org (Global: 26th place; English: 20th place)

mpg.de (Global: 1,624th place; English: 1,592nd place)

pubman.mpdl.mpg.de

nickyee.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

nih.gov (Global: 4th place; English: 4th place)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

sciencedirect.com (Global: 149th place; English: 178th place)

semanticscholar.org (Global: 11th place; English: 8th place)

api.semanticscholar.org

theosophical.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

ucl.ac.uk (Global: 1,306th place; English: 885th place)

discovery.ucl.ac.uk

utu.fi (Global: low place; English: low place)

users.utu.fi

web.archive.org (Global: 1st place; English: 1st place)

worldcat.org (Global: 5th place; English: 5th place)

search.worldcat.org

archive.org (Global: 6^th place; English: 6^th place)

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

escholarship.org (Global: 1,523^rd place; English: 976^th place)

ghostarchive.org (Global: 32^nd place; English: 21^st place)

handle.net (Global: 102^nd place; English: 76^th place)

jstor.org (Global: 26^th place; English: 20^th place)

mpg.de (Global: 1,624^th place; English: 1,592^nd place)

nih.gov (Global: 4^th place; English: 4^th place)

sciencedirect.com (Global: 149^th place; English: 178^th place)

semanticscholar.org (Global: 11^th place; English: 8^th place)

ucl.ac.uk (Global: 1,306^th place; English: 885^th place)

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

worldcat.org (Global: 5^th place; English: 5^th place)