Betula pendula (English Wikipedia)

Vakkari P (2009). "Silver birch (Betula pendula)" (PDF). EUFORGEN Technical Guidelines for Genetic Conservation and Use. Archived from the original (PDF) on 18 January 2017. Retrieved 17 January 2017.

europa.eu

ema.europa.eu

"Filsuvez EPAR". European Medicines Agency (EMA). 13 April 2022. Archived from the original on 6 July 2022. Retrieved 6 July 2022. Text was copied from this source which is copyright European Medicines Agency. Reproduction is authorized provided the source is acknowledged.

forest.go.kr

English Names for Korean Native Plants (PDF). Pocheon: Korea National Arboretum. 2015. p. 373. ISBN 978-89-97450-98-5. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 May 2017. Retrieved 26 January 2017 – via Korea Forest Service.

forestry.gov.uk

"Silver birch: Betula pendula". Forestry Commission. Archived from the original on 29 May 2014. Retrieved 28 May 2014.
"Dieback of birch". Forestry Commission. Retrieved 10 May 2016.

fs.fed.us

na.fs.fed.us

"European White Birch – Betula pendula" (PDF). USDA Forest Service. 1 September 2006. Retrieved 29 May 2014.

harvard.edu

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Setälä H, Huhta V (1991). "Soil Fauna Increase Betula pendula Growth: Laboratory Experiments With Coniferous Forest Floor". Ecology. 72 (2): 665–671. Bibcode:1991Ecol...72..665S. doi:10.2307/2937206. JSTOR 2937206.
Brändle M, Brandl R (2001). "Species richness of insects and mites on trees: expanding Southwood". Journal of Animal Ecology. 70 (3): 491–504. Bibcode:2001JAnEc..70..491B. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2656.2001.00506.x.

hres.ca

pdf.hres.ca

"ITULATEK : Standardized Allergen Extract, White Birch (Betula Verrucosa)" (PDF). Pdf.hres.ca. Retrieved 8 June 2022.

hpr-rps.hres.ca

"Regulatory Decision Summary – Itulatek". Health Canada. 23 October 2014. Retrieved 7 June 2022.

iucnredlist.org

Stritch L, Shaw K, Roy S, Wilson B (2014). "Betula pendula". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2014: e.T62535A3115662. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2014-3.RLTS.T62535A3115662.en. Retrieved 12 November 2021.

jstor.org

Govaerts R (1996). "Proposal to reject the name Betula alba (Betulaceae)". Taxon. 45: 697–698. doi:10.2307/1224262. JSTOR 1224262.
Setälä H, Huhta V (1991). "Soil Fauna Increase Betula pendula Growth: Laboratory Experiments With Coniferous Forest Floor". Ecology. 72 (2): 665–671. Bibcode:1991Ecol...72..665S. doi:10.2307/2937206. JSTOR 2937206.

kew.org

powo.science.kew.org

"Betula pendula Roth". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanical Gardens Kew. Retrieved 28 October 2018.

kolumbus.fi

Anttila K (2005). "Suomen kansallistunnukset (Finland's national emblems)". Retrieved 30 May 2014.

mustila.fi

"Betula pendula var. carelica – curly birch". Arboretum Mustila. 24 April 2013. Archived from the original on 18 December 2014. Retrieved 12 November 2014.

nhm.ac.uk

Robinson GS, Ackery PR, Kitching IJ, Beccaloni GW, Hernández LM (2023). "HOSTS – a Database of the World's Lepidopteran Hostplants [Data set]". London, England: Natural History Museum. doi:10.5519/havt50xw. Retrieved 29 May 2014.

nih.gov

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Ranpal S, Sieverts M, Wörl V, Kahlenberg G, Gilles S, Landgraf M, et al. (July 2022). "Is Pollen Production of Birch Controlled by Genetics and Local Conditions?". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 19 (13): 8160. doi:10.3390/ijerph19138160. PMC 9266428. PMID 35805818.
Demirci B, Paper DH, Demirci F, Can Başer KH, Franz G (December 2004). "Essential Oil of Betula pendula Roth. Buds". Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 1 (3): 301–303. doi:10.1093/ecam/neh041. PMC 538512. PMID 15841263.
E Kovac-Besović E, Durić K, Kalodera Z, Sofić E (February 2009). "Identification and isolation of pharmacologically active triterpenes in Betuale cortex, Betula pendula Roth., Betulaceae". Bosnian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences. 9 (1): 31–38. doi:10.17305/bjbms.2009.2853. PMC 5645545. PMID 19284392.
Gründemann C, Gruber CW, Hertrampf A, Zehl M, Kopp B, Huber R (July 2011). "An aqueous birch leaf extract of Betula pendula inhibits the growth and cell division of inflammatory lymphocytes". Journal of Ethnopharmacology. Immunomodulators. 136 (3): 444–451. doi:10.1016/j.jep.2011.05.018. PMID 21619918.
Rastogi S, Pandey MM, Kumar Singh Rawat A (January 2015). "Medicinal plants of the genus Betula--traditional uses and a phytochemical-pharmacological review". Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 159: 62–83. doi:10.1016/j.jep.2014.11.010. PMC 7126499. PMID 25449458.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Ranpal S, Sieverts M, Wörl V, Kahlenberg G, Gilles S, Landgraf M, et al. (July 2022). "Is Pollen Production of Birch Controlled by Genetics and Local Conditions?". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 19 (13): 8160. doi:10.3390/ijerph19138160. PMC 9266428. PMID 35805818.
Demirci B, Paper DH, Demirci F, Can Başer KH, Franz G (December 2004). "Essential Oil of Betula pendula Roth. Buds". Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 1 (3): 301–303. doi:10.1093/ecam/neh041. PMC 538512. PMID 15841263.
E Kovac-Besović E, Durić K, Kalodera Z, Sofić E (February 2009). "Identification and isolation of pharmacologically active triterpenes in Betuale cortex, Betula pendula Roth., Betulaceae". Bosnian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences. 9 (1): 31–38. doi:10.17305/bjbms.2009.2853. PMC 5645545. PMID 19284392.
Rastogi S, Pandey MM, Kumar Singh Rawat A (January 2015). "Medicinal plants of the genus Betula--traditional uses and a phytochemical-pharmacological review". Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 159: 62–83. doi:10.1016/j.jep.2014.11.010. PMC 7126499. PMID 25449458.

nordicwellbeing.com

Lindahl J (9 January 2011). "Bark Bread is back". Nordic Wellbeing. Retrieved 21 July 2011.

nrm.se

linnaeus.nrm.se

Anderberg A (14 October 1999). "Betula pendula Roth". Den virtuella floran. Naturhistoriska riksmuseet. Retrieved 29 May 2014.

rhs.org.uk

"Betula pendula 'Laciniata'". RHS. Retrieved 12 April 2020.
"RHS Plant Selector – Betula pendula 'Purpurea'". Royal Horticultural Society. Retrieved 12 November 2014.
"Betula pendula 'Tristis'". RHS. Retrieved 12 April 2020.
"RHS Plant Selector – Betula pendula 'Youngii'". Royal Horticultural Society. Retrieved 12 November 2014.

treebee.ca

European white birch, TD Tree Bee

treesforlife.org.uk

Featherstone AW. "Silver birch, downy birch". Trees for Life. Retrieved 28 May 2014.

visitsauna.fi

"Perinteinen saunavihta (Traditional sauna vihta)" (in Finnish). Visit sauna. Archived from the original on 2 November 2014. Retrieved 30 May 2014.

web.archive.org

English Names for Korean Native Plants (PDF). Pocheon: Korea National Arboretum. 2015. p. 373. ISBN 978-89-97450-98-5. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 May 2017. Retrieved 26 January 2017 – via Korea Forest Service.
Vakkari P (2009). "Silver birch (Betula pendula)" (PDF). EUFORGEN Technical Guidelines for Genetic Conservation and Use. Archived from the original (PDF) on 18 January 2017. Retrieved 17 January 2017.
"Silver birch: Betula pendula". Forestry Commission. Archived from the original on 29 May 2014. Retrieved 28 May 2014.
"Birch, downy (Betula pubescens)". Woodland Trust. Archived from the original on 20 February 2019. Retrieved 10 May 2016.
"Perinteinen saunavihta (Traditional sauna vihta)" (in Finnish). Visit sauna. Archived from the original on 2 November 2014. Retrieved 30 May 2014.
"Filsuvez EPAR". European Medicines Agency (EMA). 13 April 2022. Archived from the original on 6 July 2022. Retrieved 6 July 2022. Text was copied from this source which is copyright European Medicines Agency. Reproduction is authorized provided the source is acknowledged.
"Betula pendula var. carelica – curly birch". Arboretum Mustila. 24 April 2013. Archived from the original on 18 December 2014. Retrieved 12 November 2014.

woodlandtrust.org.uk

"Birch, downy (Betula pubescens)". Woodland Trust. Archived from the original on 20 February 2019. Retrieved 10 May 2016.

woodstovewizard.com

Cox MD. "Firewood types: silver birch". WoodstoveWizard.com. Retrieved 29 May 2014.