Bias in curricula (English Wikipedia)
Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Bias in curricula" in English language version.
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abc.net.au
- Shelton, Tracey (September 2, 2023). "Conflicting histories: The stories we're taught in school can shape our national identity, but how accurate are they?". Australian Broadcasting Corporation. Retrieved July 10, 2024.
akjournals.com
- Szabó-Zsoldos, Gábor (May 8, 2023). "Decolonising history teaching in the United Kingdom: Movements, methods, and curricula". Hungarian Educational Research Journal. 13 (4): 515–530. doi:10.1556/063.2023.00139. Retrieved 13 July 2024.
bbc.com
- Perasso, Valeria (October 8, 2017). "100 Women: 'We can't teach girls of the future with books of the past'". BBC News. Retrieved January 2, 2024.
bisa.ac.uk
- Mason, Robert (September 28, 2022). "Decolonising the UK curriculum should be the start of a much wider process". British International Studies Association. Retrieved 13 July 2024.
books.google.com
- Nash, Gary B.; Crabtree, Charlotte Antoinette; Dunn, Ross E. (2000). History on Trial: Culture Wars and the Teaching of the Past. Vintage Books. pp. 20, 114. ISBN 9780679767503. Retrieved 12 July 2024.
c-span.org
- "A People's History United States". C-SPAN. January 26, 2000. Retrieved January 2, 2024.
- "48 Liberal Lies American History". C-SPAN. September 23, 2008. Retrieved January 2, 2024.
ca.gov
cde.ca.gov
- "Standards for Evaluating Instructional Materials for Social Content, 2000 Edition" (PDF). California Department of Education: 7. September 21, 2007. ISBN 978-0-8011-1532-5. OCLC 166430950. Archived from the original (PDF) on February 9, 2014. Retrieved January 2, 2024.
cnn.com
edition.cnn.com
- Czitrom, Daniel (March 22, 2010). "Texas school board whitewashes history". CNN. Retrieved January 2, 2024.
doi.org
- Szabó-Zsoldos, Gábor (May 8, 2023). "Decolonising history teaching in the United Kingdom: Movements, methods, and curricula". Hungarian Educational Research Journal. 13 (4): 515–530. doi:10.1556/063.2023.00139. Retrieved 13 July 2024.
- Fan, Y.; Shepherd, L. J.; Slavich, E.; Waters, D.; Stone, M.; Abel, R.; Johnston, E. L. (February 13, 2019). Ewen, Heidi H. (ed.). "Gender and cultural bias in student evaluations: Why representation matters". PLOS ONE. 14 (2): e0209749. Bibcode:2019PLoSO..1409749F. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0209749. ISSN 1932-6203. OCLC 8052670379. PMC 6373838. PMID 30759093.
- Nelson, Matthew J. (September–October 2006). "Muslims, Markets, and the Meaning of a "Good" Education in Pakistan" (PDF). Asian Survey. 46 (5): 699–720. doi:10.1525/as.2006.46.5.699. eISSN 1533-838X. ISSN 0004-4687. OCLC 9970846512.
- Aybak, Tunç (2016). "Geopolitics of Denial: Turkish State's 'Armenian Problem'" (PDF). Journal of Balkan and Near Eastern Studies. 18 (2): 125–144. doi:10.1080/19448953.2016.1141582. S2CID 147690827.
This officially distributed educational material reconstructs the history in line with the denial policies of the government portraying the Armenians as backstabbers and betrayers, who are portrayed as a threat to the sovereignty and identity of modern Turkey. The demonization of the Armenians in Turkish education is a prevailing occurrence that is underwritten by the government to reinforce the denial discourse.
- Galip, Özlem Belçim (2020). New Social Movements and the Armenian Question in Turkey: Civil Society vs. the State. Modernity, Memory and Identity in South-East Europe. Palgrave Macmillan. p. 186. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-59400-8. eISSN 2523-7993. ISBN 978-3-030-59400-8. ISSN 2523-7985.
Additionally, for instance, the racism and language of hatred in officially approved school textbooks is very intense. These books still show Armenians as the enemies, so it would be necessary for these books to be amended...
- Gürpınar, Doğan (2016). "The manufacturing of denial: the making of the Turkish 'official thesis' on the Armenian genocide between 1974 and 1990". Journal of Balkan and Near Eastern Studies. 18 (3): 217–240 [234]. doi:10.1080/19448953.2016.1176397. S2CID 148518678.
The Armenians were conspicuous by their absence in the school curriculum for decades. Their historical existence in Anatolia was deliberately dismissed... This deliberate omission ceased abruptly in the mid-1980s when a new sub-chapter was introduced tellingly entitled 'Armenian problem'... This sub-chapter depicted the 'Armenian problem' as an exploit and machination of Great Powers (i.e. Britain and Russia) who exploited Armenians as instruments to destabilize the Ottoman Empire and impose their mischievous plots."
Dixon 2010b, p. 104. "In the 1950s, 60s and 70s, Turkish high school students did not learn anything about Armenians' existence in the Ottoman Empire or about their deportation during World War I (WWI). Starting in the 1980s, however, high school history textbooks taught Turkish students that Armenians rose up and violently attacked the Ottoman government and innocent fellow citizens prior to and during WWI, and that the government forcibly relocated Armenians in order to protect and preserve the Turkish nation. A decade later, Turkish high school students were told that Armenians were traitors and propagandists who had tried to take advantage of the weakness of the Ottoman Empire and had 'stabbed Turks in the back. And more recently, high school history textbooks in Turkey described the 'Turkish-Armenian War' that took place between Turks and Armenians following the end of World War 1,160 and mentioned that recent research and excavations have documented the fact that Armenians committed genocide against Turks." Dixon, Jennifer M. (2010b). "Education and National Narratives: Changing Representations of the Armenian Genocide in History Textbooks in Turkey" (PDF). International Journal for Education Law and Policy: 103–126. - Bilali, Rezarta (2013). "National Narrative and Social Psychological Influences in Turks' Denial of the Mass Killings of Armenians as Genocide: Understanding Denial". Journal of Social Issues. 69 (1): 16–33. doi:10.1111/josi.12001.
The interpretations of this period of history in Turkish textbooks include accounts that may be interpreted as psychological justifications or excuses to deflect responsibility: (a) blaming Armenians for treason or for attacking Turkish–Muslim populations; (b) claiming that violent acts were in self-defense (protection from territorial loss and/or protection of the Turkish population that was being targeted by Armenian banditry); (c) shifting responsibility to external factors and third parties (claiming that Armenian deaths were a result of hardship); (d) claiming benevolent motivations behind the deportations (stopping the inter-communal warfare). These interpretations exemplify how moral disengagement mechanisms operate at the level of collective narratives. Three targets of attribution can be readily identified: the in-group (i.e., denial of responsibility), the out-group (i.e., blaming the victim), and situational factors (i.e., blaming third parties or circumstances).
- Dixon, Jennifer M. (2010a). "Defending the Nation? Maintaining Turkey's Narrative of the Armenian Genocide". South European Society and Politics. 15 (3): 467–485. doi:10.1080/13608746.2010.513605. S2CID 144494811.
endchan.org
- Dixon 2010b, p. 105. Dixon, Jennifer M. (2010b). "Education and National Narratives: Changing Representations of the Armenian Genocide in History Textbooks in Turkey" (PDF). International Journal for Education Law and Policy: 103–126.
- Gürpınar, Doğan (2016). "The manufacturing of denial: the making of the Turkish 'official thesis' on the Armenian genocide between 1974 and 1990". Journal of Balkan and Near Eastern Studies. 18 (3): 217–240 [234]. doi:10.1080/19448953.2016.1176397. S2CID 148518678.
The Armenians were conspicuous by their absence in the school curriculum for decades. Their historical existence in Anatolia was deliberately dismissed... This deliberate omission ceased abruptly in the mid-1980s when a new sub-chapter was introduced tellingly entitled 'Armenian problem'... This sub-chapter depicted the 'Armenian problem' as an exploit and machination of Great Powers (i.e. Britain and Russia) who exploited Armenians as instruments to destabilize the Ottoman Empire and impose their mischievous plots."
Dixon 2010b, p. 104. "In the 1950s, 60s and 70s, Turkish high school students did not learn anything about Armenians' existence in the Ottoman Empire or about their deportation during World War I (WWI). Starting in the 1980s, however, high school history textbooks taught Turkish students that Armenians rose up and violently attacked the Ottoman government and innocent fellow citizens prior to and during WWI, and that the government forcibly relocated Armenians in order to protect and preserve the Turkish nation. A decade later, Turkish high school students were told that Armenians were traitors and propagandists who had tried to take advantage of the weakness of the Ottoman Empire and had 'stabbed Turks in the back. And more recently, high school history textbooks in Turkey described the 'Turkish-Armenian War' that took place between Turks and Armenians following the end of World War 1,160 and mentioned that recent research and excavations have documented the fact that Armenians committed genocide against Turks." Dixon, Jennifer M. (2010b). "Education and National Narratives: Changing Representations of the Armenian Genocide in History Textbooks in Turkey" (PDF). International Journal for Education Law and Policy: 103–126. - Dixon 2010b, p. 115. Dixon, Jennifer M. (2010b). "Education and National Narratives: Changing Representations of the Armenian Genocide in History Textbooks in Turkey" (PDF). International Journal for Education Law and Policy: 103–126.
harvard.edu
ui.adsabs.harvard.edu
- Fan, Y.; Shepherd, L. J.; Slavich, E.; Waters, D.; Stone, M.; Abel, R.; Johnston, E. L. (February 13, 2019). Ewen, Heidi H. (ed.). "Gender and cultural bias in student evaluations: Why representation matters". PLOS ONE. 14 (2): e0209749. Bibcode:2019PLoSO..1409749F. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0209749. ISSN 1932-6203. OCLC 8052670379. PMC 6373838. PMID 30759093.
hindu.com
- Verghese, B.G. (June 23, 2004). "Myth and hate as history". The Hindu. Archived from the original on December 18, 2013. Retrieved January 3, 2024.
indiana.edu
repository.law.indiana.edu
- Grossberg, Michael (May 2002). "Does Censorship Really Protect Children?". The Federal Communications Law Journal. 54 (3): 591–597. Retrieved July 10, 2024.
israelnationalnews.com
- Ben-Yechiel, Ze'ev (September 28, 2008). "US Books: Jesus was Palestinian". Israel National News. Retrieved January 2, 2024.
mdx.ac.uk
eprints.mdx.ac.uk
- Aybak, Tunç (2016). "Geopolitics of Denial: Turkish State's 'Armenian Problem'" (PDF). Journal of Balkan and Near Eastern Studies. 18 (2): 125–144. doi:10.1080/19448953.2016.1141582. S2CID 147690827.
This officially distributed educational material reconstructs the history in line with the denial policies of the government portraying the Armenians as backstabbers and betrayers, who are portrayed as a threat to the sovereignty and identity of modern Turkey. The demonization of the Armenians in Turkish education is a prevailing occurrence that is underwritten by the government to reinforce the denial discourse.
nih.gov
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Fan, Y.; Shepherd, L. J.; Slavich, E.; Waters, D.; Stone, M.; Abel, R.; Johnston, E. L. (February 13, 2019). Ewen, Heidi H. (ed.). "Gender and cultural bias in student evaluations: Why representation matters". PLOS ONE. 14 (2): e0209749. Bibcode:2019PLoSO..1409749F. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0209749. ISSN 1932-6203. OCLC 8052670379. PMC 6373838. PMID 30759093.
pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Fan, Y.; Shepherd, L. J.; Slavich, E.; Waters, D.; Stone, M.; Abel, R.; Johnston, E. L. (February 13, 2019). Ewen, Heidi H. (ed.). "Gender and cultural bias in student evaluations: Why representation matters". PLOS ONE. 14 (2): e0209749. Bibcode:2019PLoSO..1409749F. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0209749. ISSN 1932-6203. OCLC 8052670379. PMC 6373838. PMID 30759093.
pewresearch.org
- Masci, David (February 4, 2009). "The Social and Legal Dimensions of the Evolution Debate in the U.S." Pew Research Center. Retrieved July 10, 2024.
sadker.org
- Sadker, David. "Seven Forms of Bias in Instructional Materials". The Myra Sadker Foundation. Retrieved January 2, 2024.
sdpi.org
- Nayyar, A. H. (January–February 2004). "Twisted truth: Press and politicians make gains from SDPI curriculum report". SDPI Research and News Bulletin. 11 (1). Sustainable Development Policy Institute. Archived from the original on August 29, 2010. Retrieved January 2, 2024.
semanticscholar.org
api.semanticscholar.org
- Aybak, Tunç (2016). "Geopolitics of Denial: Turkish State's 'Armenian Problem'" (PDF). Journal of Balkan and Near Eastern Studies. 18 (2): 125–144. doi:10.1080/19448953.2016.1141582. S2CID 147690827.
This officially distributed educational material reconstructs the history in line with the denial policies of the government portraying the Armenians as backstabbers and betrayers, who are portrayed as a threat to the sovereignty and identity of modern Turkey. The demonization of the Armenians in Turkish education is a prevailing occurrence that is underwritten by the government to reinforce the denial discourse.
- Gürpınar, Doğan (2016). "The manufacturing of denial: the making of the Turkish 'official thesis' on the Armenian genocide between 1974 and 1990". Journal of Balkan and Near Eastern Studies. 18 (3): 217–240 [234]. doi:10.1080/19448953.2016.1176397. S2CID 148518678.
The Armenians were conspicuous by their absence in the school curriculum for decades. Their historical existence in Anatolia was deliberately dismissed... This deliberate omission ceased abruptly in the mid-1980s when a new sub-chapter was introduced tellingly entitled 'Armenian problem'... This sub-chapter depicted the 'Armenian problem' as an exploit and machination of Great Powers (i.e. Britain and Russia) who exploited Armenians as instruments to destabilize the Ottoman Empire and impose their mischievous plots."
Dixon 2010b, p. 104. "In the 1950s, 60s and 70s, Turkish high school students did not learn anything about Armenians' existence in the Ottoman Empire or about their deportation during World War I (WWI). Starting in the 1980s, however, high school history textbooks taught Turkish students that Armenians rose up and violently attacked the Ottoman government and innocent fellow citizens prior to and during WWI, and that the government forcibly relocated Armenians in order to protect and preserve the Turkish nation. A decade later, Turkish high school students were told that Armenians were traitors and propagandists who had tried to take advantage of the weakness of the Ottoman Empire and had 'stabbed Turks in the back. And more recently, high school history textbooks in Turkey described the 'Turkish-Armenian War' that took place between Turks and Armenians following the end of World War 1,160 and mentioned that recent research and excavations have documented the fact that Armenians committed genocide against Turks." Dixon, Jennifer M. (2010b). "Education and National Narratives: Changing Representations of the Armenian Genocide in History Textbooks in Turkey" (PDF). International Journal for Education Law and Policy: 103–126. - Dixon, Jennifer M. (2010a). "Defending the Nation? Maintaining Turkey's Narrative of the Armenian Genocide". South European Society and Politics. 15 (3): 467–485. doi:10.1080/13608746.2010.513605. S2CID 144494811.
soas.ac.uk
eprints.soas.ac.uk
- Waghnar, Burzine K. (February 27, 2005). "Pakistan Studies: the state of the craft". SOAS University of London. Dawn. Retrieved January 3, 2024.
- Nelson, Matthew J. (September–October 2006). "Muslims, Markets, and the Meaning of a "Good" Education in Pakistan" (PDF). Asian Survey. 46 (5): 699–720. doi:10.1525/as.2006.46.5.699. eISSN 1533-838X. ISSN 0004-4687. OCLC 9970846512.
tribuneindia.com
- "UNESCO report reveals covert gender bias in school textbooks". The Tribune (India). June 29, 2020. Retrieved January 2, 2024.
unc.edu
mediahub.unc.edu
- Greenlee, Cynthia (March 7, 2019). "Hidden history: How the education system overlooks harsh realities of Natives past and present". University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Retrieved July 12, 2024.
vox.com
- Whisnant, Sophie (August 26, 2019). "How history textbooks reflect America's refusal to reckon with slavery". Vox. Retrieved July 12, 2024.
washingtonpost.com
- Strauss, Valerie (September 12, 2014). "Proposed Texas textbooks are inaccurate, biased and politicized, new report finds". Washington Post. Archived from the original on September 10, 2023. Retrieved January 2, 2024.
web.archive.org
- Hoodbhoy, Pervez (April 28, 2003). "What Are They Teaching In Pakistani Schools Today?". pakistan-facts.com. p. 154. Archived from the original on September 26, 2007. Retrieved January 3, 2024.
- Strauss, Valerie (September 12, 2014). "Proposed Texas textbooks are inaccurate, biased and politicized, new report finds". Washington Post. Archived from the original on September 10, 2023. Retrieved January 2, 2024.
- "Standards for Evaluating Instructional Materials for Social Content, 2000 Edition" (PDF). California Department of Education: 7. September 21, 2007. ISBN 978-0-8011-1532-5. OCLC 166430950. Archived from the original (PDF) on February 9, 2014. Retrieved January 2, 2024.
- Verghese, B.G. (June 23, 2004). "Myth and hate as history". The Hindu. Archived from the original on December 18, 2013. Retrieved January 3, 2024.
- Nayyar, A. H. (January–February 2004). "Twisted truth: Press and politicians make gains from SDPI curriculum report". SDPI Research and News Bulletin. 11 (1). Sustainable Development Policy Institute. Archived from the original on August 29, 2010. Retrieved January 2, 2024.
- Makhijani, Vishnu (November 23, 2003). "Pakistani social studies textbooks creating havoc". Yahoo News. Archived from the original on January 15, 2006. Retrieved January 3, 2024.
- Rosser, Yvette Claire. "Abuse of History in Pakistan: Bangladesh to Kargil". pakistan-facts.com. Archived from the original on September 26, 2007. Retrieved January 3, 2024.
worldcat.org
search.worldcat.org
- Göçek, Fatma Müge (2015). Denial of Violence: Ottoman Past, Turkish Present and Collective Violence Against the Armenians, 1789–2009. Oxford University Press. pp. 63–64. ISBN 978-0-19-933420-9. OCLC 870211367.
- "Standards for Evaluating Instructional Materials for Social Content, 2000 Edition" (PDF). California Department of Education: 7. September 21, 2007. ISBN 978-0-8011-1532-5. OCLC 166430950. Archived from the original (PDF) on February 9, 2014. Retrieved January 2, 2024.
- Fan, Y.; Shepherd, L. J.; Slavich, E.; Waters, D.; Stone, M.; Abel, R.; Johnston, E. L. (February 13, 2019). Ewen, Heidi H. (ed.). "Gender and cultural bias in student evaluations: Why representation matters". PLOS ONE. 14 (2): e0209749. Bibcode:2019PLoSO..1409749F. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0209749. ISSN 1932-6203. OCLC 8052670379. PMC 6373838. PMID 30759093.
- Nasr, Seyyed Vali Reza (1994). "Entering the Political Process, 1947–1958". The Vanguard of the Islamic Revolution: The Jama'at-i Islami of Pakistan. University of California Press. pp. 121–122. ISBN 978-0-520-08369-1. OCLC 28375514.
- Nelson, Matthew J. (September–October 2006). "Muslims, Markets, and the Meaning of a "Good" Education in Pakistan" (PDF). Asian Survey. 46 (5): 699–720. doi:10.1525/as.2006.46.5.699. eISSN 1533-838X. ISSN 0004-4687. OCLC 9970846512.
- Rosser, Yvette Claire (2003). Islamization of Pakistani Social Studies Textbooks. Rupa & Company. ISBN 978-81-291-0221-8. OCLC 54959785.
- Ekmekçioğlu, Lerna (2016). Recovering Armenia: The Limits of Belonging in Post-Genocide Turkey. Stanford University Press. p. xii. ISBN 978-0-8047-9706-1. OCLC 936219299.
- Galip, Özlem Belçim (2020). New Social Movements and the Armenian Question in Turkey: Civil Society vs. the State. Modernity, Memory and Identity in South-East Europe. Palgrave Macmillan. p. 186. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-59400-8. eISSN 2523-7993. ISBN 978-3-030-59400-8. ISSN 2523-7985.
Additionally, for instance, the racism and language of hatred in officially approved school textbooks is very intense. These books still show Armenians as the enemies, so it would be necessary for these books to be amended...
yahoo.com
in.news.yahoo.com
- Makhijani, Vishnu (November 23, 2003). "Pakistani social studies textbooks creating havoc". Yahoo News. Archived from the original on January 15, 2006. Retrieved January 3, 2024.