Big Oil (English Wikipedia)

Bousso, Ron (8 February 2023). "Big Oil doubles profits in blockbuster 2022". Reuters. Archived from the original on 31 March 2023. • Details for 2020 from the more detailed diagram in King, Ben (12 February 2023). "Why are BP, Shell, and other oil giants making so much money right now?". BBC News. Archived from the original on 22 April 2023.

bloomberg.com (Global: 99^th place; English: 77^th place)

"ConocoPhillips: The Making of an Oil Major". Business Week. 12 December 2005. Retrieved 1 April 2016.
Katakey, Rakteem (26 January 2017). "Oil Supermajors' Debt From the Crude Collapse May Have Peaked". Bloomberg News. Retrieved 22 April 2017.
Gruley, Bryan; Crowley, Kevin; Adams-Heard, Rachel; Wethe, David (20 July 2020). "Frackers Are in Crisis, Endangering America's Energy Renaissance". Bloomberg News.

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; English: 3^rd place)

Högselius, Per (2018). Energy and Geopolitics. Routledge. ISBN 9781351710282. Retrieved 9 July 2022. In global oil parlance, it is common to talk about the 'seven supermajors' comprising ExxonMobil, Chevron, ConocoPhillips, BP, Shell, Total and Eni.
Colgan, Jeff D. (2021). Partial Hegemony: Oil Politics and International Order. Oxford University Press. pp. 61–66. ISBN 978-0-19-754640-6.
Colgan, Jeff D. (2021). Partial Hegemony: Oil Politics and International Order. Oxford University Press. pp. 70–72. ISBN 978-0-19-754640-6.

cleantechnica.com (Global: 7,748^th place; English: 5,149^th place)

Hanley, Steve (25 April 2022). "Big Oil – PBS Frontline Series On An Industry That Lies To Get What It Wants". CleanTechnica.

cnn.com (Global: 28^th place; English: 26^th place)

money.cnn.com

"Global 500". Archived 11 July 2018 at the Wayback Machine. Fortune. Accessed August 2008.

companiesmarketcap.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Top publicly traded oil and gas companies by earnings". companiesmarketcap.com. Retrieved 9 July 2025.
"Top publicly traded oil and gas companies by revenue". companiesmarketcap.com. Retrieved 9 July 2025.

doe.gov (Global: 2,463^rd place; English: 2,220^th place)

tonto.eia.doe.gov

Energy Information Administration (2009). "Who are the major players supplying the world oil market?".

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

Krasner, Stephen D. (1978). Defending the National Interest: Raw Materials Investments and U.S. Foreign Policy. Center for International Affairs, Harvard University. Princeton University Press. p. 330. doi:10.2307/j.ctv15r5858. ISBN 978-0-691-02182-9. JSTOR j.ctv15r5858. Kennedy's Treasury Secretary, Douglas Dillon, was a director of Chase Manhattan Bank and thus tied to the Rockefellers and big oil. Nixon's campaigns were partly financed by oil money, and his Secretary of the Interior, Walter Hickel, was an ...
McFarland, Victor; Colgan, Jeff D. (2022). "Oil and power: the effectiveness of state threats on markets". Review of International Political Economy. 30 (2): 487–510. doi:10.1080/09692290.2021.2014931. ISSN 0969-2290. S2CID 245399635.

financial-dictionary.info (Global: low place; English: low place)

Herold, Thomas (3 March 2017). "What are the Big Oil Super Majors?". Herold Financial Dictionary. Retrieved 13 October 2022.
Herold, Thomas (3 March 2017). "What are the Big Oil Super Majors?". Herold Financial Dictionary. Retrieved 1 September 2022.

forbes.com (Global: 54^th place; English: 48^th place)

Helman, Christopher (19 March 2015). "The World's Biggest Oil And Gas Companies - 2015". Forbes. Retrieved 6 December 2015.

fortune.com (Global: 433^rd place; English: 284^th place)

"Global 500 2020". Fortune. Retrieved 16 December 2020.
"Global 500". Fortune. Retrieved 16 August 2022.
"Global 500". Fortune. Retrieved 26 August 2022.

ft.com (Global: 210^th place; English: 157^th place)

The new Seven Sisters: oil and gas giants dwarf western rivals Archived 19 August 2007 at the Wayback Machine, by Carola Hoyos, Financial Times. 11 March 2007
Hoyos, Carola (11 March 2007). "The new Seven Sisters: oil and gas giants dwarf western rivals". Financial Times. Retrieved 20 October 2013.
Hoyos, Carola (11 March 2007). "New and Old Leaders in the Upstream Oil Industry". Financial Times. Retrieved 11 May 2025.

gizmodo.com (Global: 474^th place; English: 329^th place)

"Big Oil's New Ad Campaign Is 'One of the Creepiest' It's Ever Made". Gizmodo. 27 January 2022. Retrieved 1 September 2022.

jstor.org (Global: 26^th place; English: 20^th place)

Krasner, Stephen D. (1978). Defending the National Interest: Raw Materials Investments and U.S. Foreign Policy. Center for International Affairs, Harvard University. Princeton University Press. p. 330. doi:10.2307/j.ctv15r5858. ISBN 978-0-691-02182-9. JSTOR j.ctv15r5858. Kennedy's Treasury Secretary, Douglas Dillon, was a director of Chase Manhattan Bank and thus tied to the Rockefellers and big oil. Nixon's campaigns were partly financed by oil money, and his Secretary of the Interior, Walter Hickel, was an ...

lawandsea.net (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Meaning of an 'Oil major' and 'Recognised Oil Majors'". Law and the Sea. Retrieved 6 December 2015.^{[dead link]}

laweekly.com (Global: 890^th place; English: 548^th place)

Ohanesian, Liz (23 May 2016). "Mad Max–Style Rides Reigned at This Post-Apocalyptic Car Show". L.A. Weekly. Archived from the original on 22 April 2017. Retrieved 22 April 2017.

lloydslist.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"TEN wins long-term suezmax charter with an oil major". Lloyds List. 1 December 2015. Retrieved 6 December 2015.

lmaa.london (Global: low place; English: low place)

McInnes, David. "Legal aspects of oil major approvals in oil tanker charter parties". www.lmaa.london. Ince & Co. Retrieved 6 December 2015.

newsroom.co.nz (Global: low place; English: low place)

Oram, Rod (26 April 2022). "'What we now know … they lied': how big oil companies betrayed us all". Newsroom.

nytimes.com (Global: 7^th place; English: 7^th place)

"Shell will invest despite decline in earnings". The New York Times. 2 February 2006. Retrieved 28 April 2011.

oilnow.gy (Global: low place; English: low place)

OilNOW (29 August 2017). "The super-majors... what and who are they?". OilNOW. Retrieved 1 September 2022.

pbs.org (Global: 198^th place; English: 154^th place)

"Slick Deal?". NewsHour with Jim Lehrer. 1 December 1998. Archived from the original on 17 December 2020. Retrieved 20 August 2007.

politico.com (Global: 312^th place; English: 197^th place)

King, Bob (13 May 2012). "Fact-checkers and Kochs' 'Big Oil'". Politico.

prospect.org (Global: 8,179^th place; English: 5,000^th place)

Montgomery, Peter (13 June 2014). "Meet the Billionaire Brothers You Never Heard of Who Fund the Religious Right". American Prospect.

public-accountability.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

Seidman, Derek; Gott, Molly (25 September 2019). "The Money Behind Empower Texans". Public Accountability Initiative.

reuters.com (Global: 49^th place; English: 47^th place)

Bousso, Ron (8 February 2023). "Big Oil doubles profits in blockbuster 2022". Reuters. Archived from the original on 31 March 2023. • Details for 2020 from the more detailed diagram in King, Ben (12 February 2023). "Why are BP, Shell, and other oil giants making so much money right now?". BBC News. Archived from the original on 22 April 2023.
"Oil majors' output growth hinges on strategy shift". Reuters. 1 August 2008. Archived from the original on 13 May 2012. Retrieved 28 April 2011.

salon.com (Global: 456^th place; English: 300^th place)

Johnson, Jake (29 July 2022). "Major handouts could make Big Oil companies the biggest "beneficiaries" of Manchin's climate deal". Salon. Retrieved 1 September 2022.

seekingalpha.com (Global: 5,344^th place; English: 3,420^th place)

Vardi, Nicholas (28 March 2007). "The New Seven Sisters: Today's Most Powerful Energy Companies". Seeking Alpha. Retrieved 12 April 2016.

semanticscholar.org (Global: 11^th place; English: 8^th place)

api.semanticscholar.org

McFarland, Victor; Colgan, Jeff D. (2022). "Oil and power: the effectiveness of state threats on markets". Review of International Political Economy. 30 (2): 487–510. doi:10.1080/09692290.2021.2014931. ISSN 0969-2290. S2CID 245399635.

sport-net.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

Chenevey, Yoshie (28 January 2022). "What Valero Owns?". Sport-net : Your #1 source for sports information and updates. Retrieved 1 September 2022.

suredividend.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Reynolds, Ben (9 June 2022). "The 6 Big Oil Supermajor Stocks Ranked From Best To Worst". Sure Dividend. Retrieved 1 September 2022.

thinkprogress.org (Global: 6,968^th place; English: 4,118^th place)

archive.thinkprogress.org

Leber, Rebecca (14 May 2012). "What Makes Koch Industries 'Big Oil' And Why You Shouldn't Believe The Claims Saying It Isn't". ThinkProgress.

time.com (Global: 61^st place; English: 54^th place)

"Inside the Big Oil Game". Time. 7 May 1979. Archived from the original on 18 September 2024. Retrieved 11 May 2025.
"Business: The Seven Sisters Still Rule". Time. 11 September 1978. Archived from the original on 13 April 2009. Retrieved 24 October 2010.
"Italy: Two-Timing the Seven Sisters". Time. 14 June 1963. Archived from the original on 13 February 2008. Retrieved 23 April 2017.

timeslive.co.za (Global: 2,624^th place; English: 1,497^th place)

Mann, Ian (24 January 2010). "Shaky industry that runs the world". The Times (South Africa). Archived from the original on 27 January 2010. Retrieved 12 April 2016.
"Shaky industry that runs the world". The Times. South Africa. 24 January 2010. Archived from the original on 27 January 2010. Retrieved 26 October 2010.

tribune242.com (Global: low place; English: 9,270^th place)

Allen, David (26 April 2012). "Why Should Bahamas Be In 7% Oil Minority?". The Tribune. Retrieved 23 April 2017.

valero.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Our History". Valero. Retrieved 1 September 2022.

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

"World Energy Investment 2023" (PDF). International Energy Agency. May 2023. p. 61. Archived (PDF) from the original on 7 August 2023.
Bousso, Ron (8 February 2023). "Big Oil doubles profits in blockbuster 2022". Reuters. Archived from the original on 31 March 2023. • Details for 2020 from the more detailed diagram in King, Ben (12 February 2023). "Why are BP, Shell, and other oil giants making so much money right now?". BBC News. Archived from the original on 22 April 2023.
"Oil majors' output growth hinges on strategy shift". Reuters. 1 August 2008. Archived from the original on 13 May 2012. Retrieved 28 April 2011.
"Inside the Big Oil Game". Time. 7 May 1979. Archived from the original on 18 September 2024. Retrieved 11 May 2025.
The new Seven Sisters: oil and gas giants dwarf western rivals Archived 19 August 2007 at the Wayback Machine, by Carola Hoyos, Financial Times. 11 March 2007
"Business: The Seven Sisters Still Rule". Time. 11 September 1978. Archived from the original on 13 April 2009. Retrieved 24 October 2010.
"Italy: Two-Timing the Seven Sisters". Time. 14 June 1963. Archived from the original on 13 February 2008. Retrieved 23 April 2017.
Ohanesian, Liz (23 May 2016). "Mad Max–Style Rides Reigned at This Post-Apocalyptic Car Show". L.A. Weekly. Archived from the original on 22 April 2017. Retrieved 22 April 2017.
Mann, Ian (24 January 2010). "Shaky industry that runs the world". The Times (South Africa). Archived from the original on 27 January 2010. Retrieved 12 April 2016.
"Slick Deal?". NewsHour with Jim Lehrer. 1 December 1998. Archived from the original on 17 December 2020. Retrieved 20 August 2007.
"Global 500". Archived 11 July 2018 at the Wayback Machine. Fortune. Accessed August 2008.
"Shaky industry that runs the world". The Times. South Africa. 24 January 2010. Archived from the original on 27 January 2010. Retrieved 26 October 2010.
"New and Old Leaders in the Upstream Oil Industry". ypenergy.org. Archived from the original on 22 December 2011. Retrieved 20 January 2012.

windows.net (Global: 3,026^th place; English: 2,399^th place)

iea.blob.core.windows.net

"World Energy Investment 2023" (PDF). International Energy Agency. May 2023. p. 61. Archived (PDF) from the original on 7 August 2023.

worldcat.org (Global: 5^th place; English: 5^th place)

search.worldcat.org

McFarland, Victor; Colgan, Jeff D. (2022). "Oil and power: the effectiveness of state threats on markets". Review of International Political Economy. 30 (2): 487–510. doi:10.1080/09692290.2021.2014931. ISSN 0969-2290. S2CID 245399635.

ypenergy.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

"New and Old Leaders in the Upstream Oil Industry". ypenergy.org. Archived from the original on 22 December 2011. Retrieved 20 January 2012.

Big Oil (English Wikipedia)

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bailii.org (Global: 3,544th place; English: 1,912th place)

bbc.com (Global: 20th place; English: 30th place)

bloomberg.com (Global: 99th place; English: 77th place)

books.google.com (Global: 3rd place; English: 3rd place)

cleantechnica.com (Global: 7,748th place; English: 5,149th place)

cnn.com (Global: 28th place; English: 26th place)

money.cnn.com

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financial-dictionary.info (Global: low place; English: low place)

forbes.com (Global: 54th place; English: 48th place)

fortune.com (Global: 433rd place; English: 284th place)

ft.com (Global: 210th place; English: 157th place)

gizmodo.com (Global: 474th place; English: 329th place)

jstor.org (Global: 26th place; English: 20th place)

lawandsea.net (Global: low place; English: low place)

laweekly.com (Global: 890th place; English: 548th place)

lloydslist.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

lmaa.london (Global: low place; English: low place)

newsroom.co.nz (Global: low place; English: low place)

nytimes.com (Global: 7th place; English: 7th place)

oilnow.gy (Global: low place; English: low place)

pbs.org (Global: 198th place; English: 154th place)

politico.com (Global: 312th place; English: 197th place)

prospect.org (Global: 8,179th place; English: 5,000th place)

public-accountability.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

reuters.com (Global: 49th place; English: 47th place)

salon.com (Global: 456th place; English: 300th place)

seekingalpha.com (Global: 5,344th place; English: 3,420th place)

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thinkprogress.org (Global: 6,968th place; English: 4,118th place)

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time.com (Global: 61st place; English: 54th place)

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archive.org (Global: 6^th place; English: 6^th place)

bailii.org (Global: 3,544^th place; English: 1,912^th place)

bbc.com (Global: 20^th place; English: 30^th place)

bloomberg.com (Global: 99^th place; English: 77^th place)

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cleantechnica.com (Global: 7,748^th place; English: 5,149^th place)

cnn.com (Global: 28^th place; English: 26^th place)

doe.gov (Global: 2,463^rd place; English: 2,220^th place)

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

forbes.com (Global: 54^th place; English: 48^th place)

fortune.com (Global: 433^rd place; English: 284^th place)

ft.com (Global: 210^th place; English: 157^th place)

gizmodo.com (Global: 474^th place; English: 329^th place)

jstor.org (Global: 26^th place; English: 20^th place)

laweekly.com (Global: 890^th place; English: 548^th place)

nytimes.com (Global: 7^th place; English: 7^th place)

pbs.org (Global: 198^th place; English: 154^th place)

politico.com (Global: 312^th place; English: 197^th place)

prospect.org (Global: 8,179^th place; English: 5,000^th place)

reuters.com (Global: 49^th place; English: 47^th place)

salon.com (Global: 456^th place; English: 300^th place)

seekingalpha.com (Global: 5,344^th place; English: 3,420^th place)

semanticscholar.org (Global: 11^th place; English: 8^th place)

thinkprogress.org (Global: 6,968^th place; English: 4,118^th place)

time.com (Global: 61^st place; English: 54^th place)

timeslive.co.za (Global: 2,624^th place; English: 1,497^th place)

tribune242.com (Global: low place; English: 9,270^th place)

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

windows.net (Global: 3,026^th place; English: 2,399^th place)

worldcat.org (Global: 5^th place; English: 5^th place)