Big Tech (English Wikipedia)

Andrews, Frank; Pym, Ambrose (February 24, 2021). "The Websites Sustaining Britain's Far-Right Influencers". Bellingcat. Archived from the original on February 24, 2021. Retrieved February 25, 2021.

benzinga.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Cingari, Piero. "Magnificent 7 Eye $13-Trillion Market Cap: 'They Are Sucking All The Air Out Of The Universe,' Wall Street Veteran Says". Benzingaglish. Retrieved February 28, 2024.

bloomberg.com (Global: 118^th place; English: 85^th place)

Vlastelica, Ryan (April 17, 2025). "Netflix Defies Big Tech Slump as Wall Street Seeks Tariff Haven". Bloomberg News. Retrieved March 14, 2026.
Jaisinghani, Sagarika; Ponthus; MacDonogh, Isolde (December 17, 2025). "Tesla's Rally to Record High Is Leaving Big Tech Peers Behind". Bloomberg News. Retrieved March 14, 2026.
Sen, Conor (November 15, 2017). "The 'Big Five' Could Destroy the Tech Ecosystem". Bloomberg.

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; English: 3^rd place)

Researcher, C. Q. (September 14, 2021). Issues for Debate in American Public Policy: Selections from CQ Researcher. CQ Press. ISBN 978-1-07-183525-8.

brightplanet.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Clearing Up Confusion – Deep Web vs. Dark Web". BrightPlanet. March 27, 2014. Archived from the original on May 16, 2015.

brookings.edu (Global: 1,937^th place; English: 1,225^th place)

Hendrickson, Clara; Galston, William A. (May 28, 2019). "Big tech threats: Making sense of the backlash against online platforms". Brookings Institution. Retrieved November 19, 2021.

bu.edu (Global: 2,348^th place; English: 1,348^th place)

scholarship.law.bu.edu

Ghappour, Ahmed (September 1, 2017). "Data Collection and the Regulatory State". Connecticut Law Review. 49 (5): 1733. Archived from the original on May 1, 2021. Retrieved September 6, 2020.
Ghappour, Ahmed (April 1, 2017). "Searching Places Unknown: Law Enforcement Jurisdiction on the Dark Web". Stanford Law Review. 69 (4): 1075. Archived from the original on April 20, 2021. Retrieved September 6, 2020.

businessinsider.com (Global: 201^st place; English: 139^th place)

businessinsider.com

Jackson, Abby. "14 things that are harder to get into than Harvard". Business Insider. Retrieved April 3, 2022.
DeBord, Matthew (February 9, 2019). "Everyone who thinks Tesla is a tech company is completely wrong — Tesla should aspire to be Honda". Business Insider. Retrieved April 22, 2022.
Leskin, Paige. "Here are all the major US tech companies blocked behind China's 'Great Firewall'". Business Insider. Retrieved September 29, 2021.

markets.businessinsider.com

GmbH, finanzen net. "The DOJ's latest probe erased $33 billion from Amazon, Apple, Facebook, and Google | Markets Insider". markets.businessinsider.com. Archived from the original on November 27, 2021. Retrieved February 21, 2020.

cairn.info (Global: 574^th place; English: 2,035^th place)

Smyrnaios, Nikos (2016). "L'effet GAFAM : stratégies et logiques de l'oligopole de l'internet" [The GAFAM effect: Strategies and logics of the internet oligopoly]. Communication et Langages (in French). 2016 (188). NecPlus: 61–83. doi:10.4074/S0336150016012047. ISSN 0003-5033. Archived from the original on July 13, 2019. Retrieved July 13, 2019.

cnbc.com (Global: 303^rd place; English: 191^st place)

Stankiewicz, Kevin (October 29, 2021). "'Bye-bye FAANG, hello MAMAA'—Cramer reveals a new acronym after Facebook's name change". CNBC. Retrieved October 30, 2021.
Brodie, Lee (February 5, 2013). "Cramer: Does Your Portfolio Have FANGs?". CNBC. Retrieved November 9, 2021.
Gurdus, Lizzy (May 1, 2017). "Cramer: Disney, Apple and the fate of FANG". CNBC. Retrieved November 9, 2021.
"Eric Schmidt is stepping down as the executive chairman of Alphabet". CNBC. December 21, 2017.
Subin, Samantha (October 29, 2021). "Microsoft passes Apple to become the world's most valuable company". CNBC. Retrieved March 15, 2023.
Stevens, Pippa (April 26, 2019). "Four 'MAGA' stocks are worth a combined $4 trillion. Here's the one to own, say two experts". CNBC. Archived from the original on January 1, 2020. Retrieved January 27, 2020.
Smith, Elliot (February 19, 2024). "Magnificent 7 profits now exceed almost every country in the world. Should we be worried?". CNBC. Retrieved February 19, 2024.
Imbert, Fred (July 1, 2024). "Morgan Stanley says Magnificent Seven now make up 31% of the S&P 500". CNBC. Retrieved April 17, 2024.
Iacurci, Greg (July 1, 2024). "Is the U.S. stock market too 'concentrated'? Here's what to know". CNBC. Retrieved July 1, 2024.
Goswami, Rohan; Levy, Ari (August 5, 2024). "$1 trillion wipeout: Market rout punishes megacap tech". CNBC. Retrieved August 5, 2024.
Novet, Jordan (September 26, 2021). "Google is slashing the amount it keeps from sales on its cloud marketplace as pressure mounts on app stores". CNBC. Retrieved October 24, 2021.
Elias, Jennifer (January 16, 2020). "Alphabet, Google's parent company, hits trillion-dollar market cap for first time". CNBC. Retrieved March 15, 2023.
Novet, Jordan (September 5, 2021). "How Amazon's cloud business generates billions in profit". CNBC. Retrieved October 24, 2021.
Feiner, Lauren (April 14, 2020). "Amazon stock hits a new all-time high as it sees unprecedented demand". CNBC. Retrieved March 15, 2023.
Capoot, Ashley (November 1, 2022). "Amazon sell-off pushes market cap below $1 trillion for first time since April 2020". CNBC.
Palmer, Annie (June 26, 2024). "Amazon reaches $2 trillion market cap for the first time". CNBC.
Salinas, Sara (August 2, 2018). "Apple hangs onto its historic $1 trillion market cap". CNBC.
Leswing, Kif (January 3, 2022). "Apple becomes first U.S. company to reach $3 trillion market cap". CNBC.
Field, Hayden (June 30, 2023). "Apple's market cap closes above $3 trillion for the first time". CNBC.
Levy, Ari (April 25, 2019). "Microsoft hits $1 trillion market cap for the first time as stock jumps on earnings beat". CNBC.
Novet, Jordan (June 24, 2021). "Microsoft closes above $2 trillion market cap for the first time". CNBC.
Goswami, Rohan (May 30, 2023). "Nvidia crosses into $1 trillion market cap before giving back gains". CNBC. Retrieved May 30, 2023.
Subin, Samantha (October 25, 2021). "Tesla hits $1 trillion market cap for the first time after Hertz says it will buy 100,000 electric vehicles". CNBC. Retrieved December 29, 2022.
Lahiff, Keris (October 25, 2021). "As Tesla joins the elite $1 trillion stock club, two traders see another potential milestone ahead". CNBC. Retrieved December 29, 2022.
Kolodny, Lora (December 14, 2022). "Elon Musk sells another huge chunk of Tesla shares". CNBC. Retrieved December 29, 2022.
Goswami, Rohan (December 27, 2022). "Tesla's stock is headed for its worst month, quarter and year on record". CNBC. Retrieved December 29, 2022.
Palmer, Annie (November 8, 2024). "Tesla hits $1 trillion market cap as stock rallies after Trump win". CNBC. Retrieved November 8, 2024.
Pisani, Bob (October 3, 2017). "We are letting Amazon and Apple 'avoid taxes, invade privacy, and destroy jobs,' says NYU professor". CNBC.
Feiner, Lauren (March 12, 2019). "Elizabeth Warren says Facebook proved her point that it has too much power by removing her ads". CNBC. Retrieved November 11, 2021.
Breuninger, Kevin; Feiner, Lauren (July 9, 2021). "Biden signs order to crack down on Big Tech, boost competition 'across the board'". CNBC. Retrieved July 9, 2021.
Field, Hayden; Javers, Eamon (June 6, 2024). "U.S. regulators to open antitrust probes into Nvidia, Microsoft and OpenAI". CNBC. Retrieved June 6, 2024.
Goswami, Rohan; Elias, Jennifer (August 5, 2024). "Google loses antitrust case over search". CNBC. Retrieved August 5, 2024.
Elias, Jennifer (April 17, 2025). "Google hit with second antitrust blow, adding to concerns about future of ads business". CNBC. Retrieved April 18, 2025.
Vanian, Jonathan (November 18, 2025). "Meta wins FTC antitrust trial that focused on WhatsApp, Instagram". CNBC. Retrieved November 18, 2025.
Browne, Ryan (April 22, 2022). "EU agrees on landmark law aimed at forcing Big Tech firms to tackle illegal content". CNBC. Retrieved April 22, 2022.

cnn.com (Global: 36^th place; English: 26^th place)

Isidore, Chris (April 2, 2025). "Tesla sales plunge: Biggest decline in history". CNN.
Fung, Brian (October 21, 2024). "How Republicans pushed social media companies to stop fighting election misinformation". CNN. Retrieved May 13, 2025.
Reilly, Liam (November 18, 2024). "Nearly 40% of young Americans get their news from influencers. Many of them lean to the right, study finds". CNN. Archived from the original on November 19, 2024. Retrieved November 21, 2024.
Sullivan, Kate; Fung, Brian; Klein, Betsy (July 9, 2021). "Biden signs sweeping executive order that targets Big Tech and aims to push competition in US economy". CNN. Retrieved July 9, 2021.

companiesmarketcap.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Companies ranked by Market Cap - CompaniesMarketCap.com". companiesmarketcap.com. Retrieved September 17, 2025.

datamation.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Enderle, Rob (January 18, 2022). "Why NVIDIA Has Become a Leader in the AI Market". Datamation. Archived from the original on May 29, 2022. Retrieved April 11, 2022.

dfreelon.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

Freelon, Deen; Marwick, Alice; Kreiss, Daniel (September 4, 2020). "False equivalencies: Online activism from left to right". Science. 369 (6508): 1197–1201. Bibcode:2020Sci...369.1197F. doi:10.1126/science.abb2428. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 32883863. S2CID 221471947. Archived from the original on September 4, 2020. Retrieved September 5, 2020. (freely available version)

dictionary.com (Global: 1,672^nd place; English: 1,248^th place)

blog.dictionary.com

Solomon, Jane (May 6, 2015). "The Deep Web vs. The Dark Web: Do You Know The Difference?". Archived from the original on May 9, 2015. Retrieved May 26, 2015.

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

Khanal, Shaleen; Zhang, Hongzhou; Taeihagh, Araz (April 4, 2025). "Why and How Is the Power of Big Tech Increasing in the Policy Process? The Case of Generative AI". Policy and Society. 44 (1): 52–69. doi:10.1093/polsoc/puae012. ISSN 1449-4035.
Saura García, Carlos (2024). "Datafeudalism: The Domination of Modern Societies by Big Tech Companies". Philosophy & Technology. 37 (3) 90. doi:10.1007/s13347-024-00777-1. hdl:10234/208358.
Gibney, Elizabeth (October 23, 2019). "Hello quantum world! Google publishes landmark quantum supremacy claim". Nature. 574 (7779): 461–462. Bibcode:2019Natur.574..461G. doi:10.1038/d41586-019-03213-z. PMID 31645740. S2CID 204836839.
Smyrnaios, Nikos (2016). "L'effet GAFAM : stratégies et logiques de l'oligopole de l'internet" [The GAFAM effect: Strategies and logics of the internet oligopoly]. Communication et Langages (in French). 2016 (188). NecPlus: 61–83. doi:10.4074/S0336150016012047. ISSN 0003-5033. Archived from the original on July 13, 2019. Retrieved July 13, 2019.
Gebru, Timnit; Torres, Émile P. (April 14, 2024). "The TESCREAL bundle: Eugenics and the promise of utopia through artificial general intelligence". First Monday. 29 (4). doi:10.5210/fm.v29i4.13636. ISSN 1396-0466.
Thomas, Alexander (2024). "Systemic Dehumanization". The Politics and Ethics of Transhumanism. Techno-Human Evolution and Advanced Capitalism (1 ed.). Bristol University Press. pp. 159–194. doi:10.2307/jj.14284473.9. ISBN 978-1-5292-3964-5. JSTOR jj.14284473.9.
Freelon, Deen; Marwick, Alice; Kreiss, Daniel (September 4, 2020). "False equivalencies: Online activism from left to right". Science. 369 (6508): 1197–1201. Bibcode:2020Sci...369.1197F. doi:10.1126/science.abb2428. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 32883863. S2CID 221471947. Archived from the original on September 4, 2020. Retrieved September 5, 2020. (freely available version)

economist.com (Global: 331^st place; English: 272^nd place)

"Move over FAANG, here comes MAGA – The tech giants are still in rude health". The Economist. August 4, 2018. Retrieved January 27, 2020.
"The rules of the tech game are changing". The Economist. February 27, 2021. ISSN 0013-0613. Retrieved September 29, 2021.
"Is Margrethe Vestager championing consumers or her political career?". The Economist. September 14, 2017. Retrieved June 26, 2020.

engadget.com (Global: 613^th place; English: 442^nd place)

Bell, Karissa (March 24, 2022). "European Union reaches provisional agreement on antitrust law targeting tech giants". Engadget. Retrieved March 24, 2022.
Holt, Kris (September 7, 2023). "EU confirms the six tech giants subject to its strict new competition laws". Engadget.

europa.eu (Global: 62^nd place; English: 100^th place)

europarl.europa.eu

Parliament of the European Union, Hearing of Margrethe Vestager 8 Oct. 2019 p. 28

digital-markets-act.ec.europa.eu

"Commission finds Apple and Meta in breach of the Digital Markets Act - Digital Markets Act (DMA)". digital-markets-act.ec.europa.eu. Retrieved February 19, 2026.

edps.europa.eu

"Tech Dispatch: Federated Social Media Platforms" (PDF). European Data Protection Supervisor (EDPS).

fastercapital.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"FAANG: Beyond the Core: Exploring FAANG: Stocks and Their Impact". FasterCapital. Retrieved January 18, 2026.

finance.yahoo.com (Global: 894^th place; English: 567^th place)

Feller, Ethan (July 18, 2023). "Alphabet Earnings Preview: Tech Titans Battle for AI and Cloud Supremacy". Yahoo! Finance. Retrieved June 22, 2024.
"The 'Magnificent Seven' tech stocks drive markets higher as AI mania grips investors". Yahoo Finance. May 30, 2023. Retrieved February 28, 2024.
Farooque, Faizan (November 29, 2024). "Tesla's AI push could pave the way for the next chapter of its stock story". Yahoo Finance. Archived from the original on April 25, 2025. Retrieved April 23, 2025.

financialpost.com (Global: 3,787^th place; English: 2,072^nd place)

"Russia labels Meta an 'extremist organization', says WhatsApp can stay". Financial Post. March 21, 2022.

fool.com (Global: 6,246^th place; English: 4,084^th place)

Frankel, Matthew (September 29, 2017). "What Are the FANG Stocks?". Motley Fool. Retrieved August 11, 2018.
Mann, Bill (November 5, 2021). "FAANG is Dead. Long Live MANAMANA". The Motley Fool. Retrieved April 22, 2022.
Drury, Keithen (July 6, 2024). "Forget the 'Magnificent Seven.' What About the Incredible Eight?". The Motley Fool. Retrieved April 17, 2025.

fortune.com (Global: 647^th place; English: 421^st place)

Liedtke, Michael (April 21, 2025). "Tesla Kicks Off Earnings Season for Big Tech's 'Magnificent 7' Amid Huge Market Cap Drops Spurred by 'Massive Uncertainty and Chaos' from White House". Fortune. Archived from the original on April 21, 2025. Retrieved March 14, 2026.
"Fortune 500". Fortune. Retrieved November 17, 2022.
Colvin, Geoff. "A $803 billion company most people have never heard of just knocked Tesla out of the Magnificent 7". Fortune. Retrieved September 17, 2025.
Carpenter, Jacob (March 31, 2022). "Big Tech stocks weathered the Q1 selloff. Others weren't so lucky". Fortune. Retrieved April 22, 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service (link)

ft.com (Global: 193^rd place; English: 127^th place)

Waters, Richard (July 27, 2018). "Move over Faangs, make way for Maga". Financial Times. Retrieved November 18, 2018.
Ahuja, Anjana (May 10, 2023). "We need to examine the beliefs of today's tech luminaries". Financial Times. Retrieved October 1, 2023.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service (link)

ftc.gov (Global: 4,627^th place; English: 2,648^th place)

A Look Behind the Screens: Examining the Data Practices of Social Media and Video Streaming Services (PDF) (Report). Federal Trade Commission. 2024. Retrieved September 21, 2024.
"FTC to Examine Past Acquisitions by Large Technology Companies". Federal Trade Commission. February 11, 2020.
"FTC's Bureau of Competition Launches Task Force to Monitor Technology Markets". Federal Trade Commission. February 26, 2019.

fxssi.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Most Valuable Companies in the World – 2020". FXSSI – Forex Sentiment Board. Retrieved January 27, 2020.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service (link)

globalnews.ca (Global: 1,016^th place; English: 518^th place)

"'Problematic': Germany's Angela Merkel calls out Twitter over Trump ban". Global News. January 11, 2021. Retrieved January 12, 2021.

go.com (Global: 97^th place; English: 79^th place)

abcnews.go.com

"This is what Trump told supporters before many stormed Capitol Hill". ABC News. Retrieved January 10, 2021. The fake news and the big tech, big tech, is now coming into their own. We beat them four years ago, we surprised them. We took him by surprise and this year they rigged an election, they rigged it like they have never rigged an election before, and by the way, last night, they didn't do a bad job either, if you notice. I am honest, and I just again, I want to thank you. It's just a great honor to have this kind of crowd and to be before you and hundreds of thousands of American patriots who are committed to the honesty of our elections and the integrity of our glorious Republic.

greenpeace.org (Global: 4,678^th place; English: 4,764^th place)

"Supply Change – Climate commitments and renewable energy progress by consumer electronics brands and their top suppliers" (PDF). Greenpeace / Stand.earth. 2022.

hbr.org (Global: 4,164^th place; English: 2,641^st place)

Beard, Alison (January 2022). "Can Big Tech Be Disrupted?". Harvard Business Review. Retrieved February 26, 2023.

hdl.handle.net (Global: 66^th place; English: 34^th place)

Saura García, Carlos (2024). "Datafeudalism: The Domination of Modern Societies by Big Tech Companies". Philosophy & Technology. 37 (3) 90. doi:10.1007/s13347-024-00777-1. hdl:10234/208358.

house.gov (Global: 501^st place; English: 234^th place)

docs.house.gov

Wu, Tim (July 16, 2019). "Where New Industries Get Their Start: Rebooting the Startup Economy" (PDF). House of Representatives. Archived (PDF) from the original on December 21, 2019.
"Why the Consumer Welfare Standard Should Remain the Bedrock of Antitrust Policy" (PDF). Information Technology & Innovation Foundation. October 5, 2018.

judiciary.house.gov

Investigation of Competition in Digital Markets (PDF) (Report). United States House of Representatives. January 2021.
Chairman Nadler's Statement for the markup of H.R.3825 (Report). United States House of Representatives. June 2021.

energycommerce.house.gov

"E&C Committee Announces Hearing with Tech CEOs on the Misinformation and Disinformation Plaguing Online Platforms". Democrats, Energy and Commerce Committee. February 18, 2021. Archived from the original on April 18, 2022. Retrieved August 6, 2021.

hrw.org (Global: 601^st place; English: 472^nd place)

"Big Tech's Heavy Hand Around the Globe". Human Rights Watch. September 8, 2020. Retrieved September 29, 2021.

igotanoffer.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"How to get into big tech companies (FAANG+) in 7 steps". IGotAnOffer. Retrieved April 7, 2026.

inc.com (Global: 2,680^th place; English: 1,491^st place)

Bariso, Justin (May 30, 2021). "Life at Google vs. Life at Amazon: From Hiring to Firing (and Everything in Between)". Inc.com. Retrieved October 5, 2021.

internetassociation.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

Dippon, Christian (2017). Economic Value of Internet Intermediaries and the Role of Liability Protections (PDF) (Report). NERA Economic Consulting. Retrieved May 30, 2020 – via Internet Association.

investopedia.com (Global: 2,021^st place; English: 1,613^th place)

"Magnificent 7 Stocks: What You Need To Know". Investopedia. Retrieved September 17, 2025.

investor.atmeta.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Meta Reports Fourth Quarter and Full Year 2024 Results". January 29, 2025.

itif.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

Kennedy, Joe (November 9, 2020). "Monopoly Myths: Is Big Tech Creating 'Kill Zones'?".

jstor.org (Global: 23^rd place; English: 15^th place)

Thomas, Alexander (2024). "Systemic Dehumanization". The Politics and Ethics of Transhumanism. Techno-Human Evolution and Advanced Capitalism (1 ed.). Bristol University Press. pp. 159–194. doi:10.2307/jj.14284473.9. ISBN 978-1-5292-3964-5. JSTOR jj.14284473.9.

lemonde.fr (Global: 60^th place; English: 343^rd place)

Bougon, François (May 21, 2019). "Face aux Gafam, les députés adoptent le droit voisin" [Members of Parliament pass a related rights law against GAFAM] (in French). Le Monde. Archived from the original on May 25, 2019. Retrieved May 26, 2019.

linkedin.com (Global: 713^th place; English: 549^th place)

"Top Companies 2021: The 50 best workplaces to grow your career in the U.S." linkedin.com. Retrieved October 5, 2021.

loc.gov (Global: 63^rd place; English: 47^th place)

webarchive.loc.gov

Solomon, Jane (May 6, 2015). "The Deep Web vs. The Dark Web: Do You Know The Difference?". Archived from the original on May 9, 2015. Retrieved May 26, 2015.

marketwatch.com (Global: 1,878^th place; English: 1,099^th place)

Newman, Daniel (August 11, 2025). "Opinion: Alphabet, Meta, Amazon and Microsoft Share This One Thing—And It'll Keep the Stocks Fired Up". MarketWatch. Archived from the original on August 11, 2025. Retrieved March 14, 2026.

medium.com (Global: 651^st place; English: 479^th place)

Warren, Elizabeth (March 8, 2019). "Here's how we can break up Big Tech". Medium. Retrieved February 13, 2025.

mk.co.kr (Global: 1,173^rd place; English: 1,260^th place)

김제림 (Kim Je-rim) (May 29, 2019). "'FAANG' 지고 'MAGA' 시대 온다" ["FAANG" is losing and "MAGA" is coming]. 매일경제 (in Korean). Retrieved January 27, 2020.

motherjones.com (Global: 2,128^th place; English: 1,157^th place)

Breland, Ali. "In attacking Amazon, Matt Gaetz boosts a terrorist organization". Mother Jones. Retrieved August 28, 2021.

nbcchicago.com (Global: 4,529^th place; English: 2,376^th place)

Izaguirre, Anthony (March 7, 2021). "GOP Pushes Bills to Allow Social Media 'Censorship' Lawsuits". NBC Chicago. Archived from the original on December 19, 2021. Retrieved December 25, 2024. Researchers have not found widespread evidence that social media companies are biased against conservative news, posts or materials.

nbcnews.com (Global: 156^th place; English: 101^st place)

"Biden softens criticism of Facebook after accusing company of 'killing people'". NBC News. July 19, 2021. Retrieved August 6, 2021.
Tolentino, Daysia (September 19, 2024). "Social media companies engaged in 'vast surveillance,' FTC finds, calling status quo 'unacceptable'". NBC News. Retrieved September 21, 2024.

newrepublic.com (Global: 2,046^th place; English: 1,108^th place)

Silverman, Jacob; Noah, Timothy; Noah, Timothy; Ford, Matt; Ford, Matt; Segers, Grace; Segers, Grace; Konczal, Mike; Sterling, Steph (July 19, 2021). "Facebook Is Designed to Spread Covid Misinformation". The New Republic. ISSN 0028-6583. Retrieved August 6, 2021.

news18.com (Global: 361^st place; English: 180^th place)

"Microsoft Teams Now Has Roughly 250 Million Monthly Active Users Globally". News18.

newsweek.com (Global: 371^st place; English: 235^th place)

"Trump Blames 'Big Media, Big Tech' as he Rails Against Election 'Fraud' Without Evidence". Washington Times. November 5, 2020. Retrieved January 12, 2021.

nih.gov (Global: 5^th place; English: 5^th place)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Gibney, Elizabeth (October 23, 2019). "Hello quantum world! Google publishes landmark quantum supremacy claim". Nature. 574 (7779): 461–462. Bibcode:2019Natur.574..461G. doi:10.1038/d41586-019-03213-z. PMID 31645740. S2CID 204836839.
Freelon, Deen; Marwick, Alice; Kreiss, Daniel (September 4, 2020). "False equivalencies: Online activism from left to right". Science. 369 (6508): 1197–1201. Bibcode:2020Sci...369.1197F. doi:10.1126/science.abb2428. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 32883863. S2CID 221471947. Archived from the original on September 4, 2020. Retrieved September 5, 2020. (freely available version)

npr.org (Global: 114^th place; English: 75^th place)

"How 5 Tech Giants Have Become More Like Governments Than Companies", NPR, October 26, 2017
Bond, Shannon (March 16, 2021). "'Ya Basta Facebook' Says Company Must Curb Misinformation In Spanish". NPR.org. Retrieved August 6, 2021.
"Just 12 People Are Behind Most Vaccine Hoaxes On Social Media, Research Shows". NPR.org. Retrieved August 6, 2021.
"Going Dark: The Internet Behind The Internet". NPR. May 25, 2014. Archived from the original on May 27, 2015. Retrieved May 29, 2015.

nytimes.com (Global: 7^th place; English: 7^th place)

Attributed to multiple references:
- Satariano, Adam; Mozur, Paul (March 13, 2026). "U.S. Tech Giants Flocked to the Persian Gulf. Now They Are Targets". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on March 14, 2026. Retrieved March 14, 2026.
- Attributed to multiple references:
  - Herrman, John (November 13, 2019). "We're Stuck With the Tech Giants. But They're Stuck With Each Other". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on November 14, 2019. Retrieved April 22, 2020.
  - Metz, Cade; Weise, Karen; Isaac, Mike (January 29, 2024). "Nvidia's Big Tech Rivals Put Their Own A.I. Chips on the Table". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on January 29, 2024. Retrieved March 14, 2026.
  - Swisher, Kara (July 1, 2020). "Opinion | Here Come the 4 Horsemen of the Techopolypse". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved August 28, 2020.
  - Russell, Karl; Rennison, Joe (January 22, 2024). "These Seven Tech Stocks Are Driving the Market". The New York Times. Retrieved February 27, 2024.
  - Apple, Google and a Deal That Controls the Internet The New York Times, 2020.
  - Manjoo, Farhad (May 19, 2022). "Regulating Online Speech Can Be a Terrible Idea". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved May 19, 2022.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service (link)
  - Singh, Karan Deep (February 10, 2021). "Twitter Blocks Accounts in India as Modi Pressures Social Media". New York Times. Retrieved December 5, 2021.
  - Frenkel, Sheera (November 17, 2024). "Liberals Are Left Out in the Cold as Social Media Veers Right". The New York Times. Retrieved May 13, 2025.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service (link)
  - Roose, Kevin; Frenkel, Sheera; Perlroth, Nicole (March 29, 2020). "Tech Giants Prepared for 2016-Style Meddling. But the Threat Has Changed". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved August 6, 2021.
  - McCabe, David (June 5, 2024). "U.S. Clears Way for Antitrust Inquiries of Nvidia, Microsoft and OpenAI". The New York Times. Retrieved June 6, 2024.
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  nyu.edu (Global: 1,362^nd place; English: 822^nd place)
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    Smyrnaios, Nikos (2016). "L'effet GAFAM : stratégies et logiques de l'oligopole de l'internet" [The GAFAM effect: Strategies and logics of the internet oligopoly]. Communication et Langages (in French). 2016 (188). NecPlus: 61–83. doi:10.4074/S0336150016012047. ISSN 0003-5033. Archived from the original on July 13, 2019. Retrieved July 13, 2019.
    "Why China crushed its tech giants". Wired UK. ISSN 1357-0978. Retrieved September 29, 2021.
    Haroun, Chris (April 10, 2014). "Fighting the Big Fight: What the Cloud Wars Mean for Netflix, Spotify, Airbnb". Wired. ISSN 1059-1028. Retrieved November 24, 2021.
    "The rules of the tech game are changing". The Economist. February 27, 2021. ISSN 0013-0613. Retrieved September 29, 2021.
    Manjoo, Farhad (May 19, 2022). "Regulating Online Speech Can Be a Terrible Idea". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved May 19, 2022.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service (link)
    Gebru, Timnit; Torres, Émile P. (April 14, 2024). "The TESCREAL bundle: Eugenics and the promise of utopia through artificial general intelligence". First Monday. 29 (4). doi:10.5210/fm.v29i4.13636. ISSN 1396-0466.
    "Analysis | The Technology 202: New report calls conservative claims of social media censorship 'a form of disinformation'". Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved August 28, 2021.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service (link)
    Seetharaman, Deepa (November 15, 2018). "Facebook Says Criticism of Its Russia Response Is 'Unfair'". Wall Street Journal. ISSN 0099-9660. Retrieved August 6, 2021.
    Wells, Georgia; McMillan, Robert; Volz, Dustin (October 8, 2019). "Senate Faults Google, Other Tech Giants for Role in Russian Election Meddling". Wall Street Journal. ISSN 0099-9660. Retrieved August 6, 2021.
    Roose, Kevin; Frenkel, Sheera; Perlroth, Nicole (March 29, 2020). "Tech Giants Prepared for 2016-Style Meddling. But the Threat Has Changed". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved August 6, 2021.
    "YouTube says it's getting better at taking down videos that break its rules. They still number in the millions". Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved August 6, 2021.
    Silverman, Jacob; Noah, Timothy; Noah, Timothy; Ford, Matt; Ford, Matt; Segers, Grace; Segers, Grace; Konczal, Mike; Sterling, Steph (July 19, 2021). "Facebook Is Designed to Spread Covid Misinformation". The New Republic. ISSN 0028-6583. Retrieved August 6, 2021.
    Freelon, Deen; Marwick, Alice; Kreiss, Daniel (September 4, 2020). "False equivalencies: Online activism from left to right". Science. 369 (6508): 1197–1201. Bibcode:2020Sci...369.1197F. doi:10.1126/science.abb2428. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 32883863. S2CID 221471947. Archived from the original on September 4, 2020. Retrieved September 5, 2020. (freely available version)
    Edelman, Gilad. "What Is Web3, Anyway?". Wired. ISSN 1059-1028. Archived from the original on February 10, 2022. Retrieved December 3, 2021.
    wsj.com (Global: 94^th place; English: 66^th place)
    Attributed to multiple references:
    Rana, Preetika; Dotan, Tom (October 30, 2023). "Tech Titans Rebound From Tough Times as AI Fuels Optimism". The Wall Street Journal. ISSN 0099-9660. Retrieved March 14, 2026.
    Singh, Hardika (March 22, 2023). "Apple, Microsoft Dominate U.S. Markets After FAANG Trade Fizzles". The Wall Street Journal. News Corp. Retrieved March 22, 2023.
    Driebusch, Corrie (June 12, 2026). "SpaceX Now Worth $2.1 Trillion, Pulls Off Goldilocks Debut". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved June 12, 2026.
    Ramkumar, Amrith (January 16, 2020). "Alphabet Becomes Fourth U.S. Company to Reach $1 Trillion Market Value". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved March 15, 2023.
    Bobrowsky, Meghan (December 30, 2022). "Tesla Stock Fell 65% in 2022, Its Biggest-Ever Annual Decline". The Wall Street Journal. News Corp. Retrieved December 30, 2022.
    Seetharaman, Deepa (November 15, 2018). "Facebook Says Criticism of Its Russia Response Is 'Unfair'". Wall Street Journal. ISSN 0099-9660. Retrieved August 6, 2021.
    Wells, Georgia; McMillan, Robert; Volz, Dustin (October 8, 2019). "Senate Faults Google, Other Tech Giants for Role in Russian Election Meddling". Wall Street Journal. ISSN 0099-9660. Retrieved August 6, 2021.
    Kruppa, Miles; Wolfe, Jan (August 5, 2024). "Google Loses Antitrust Case Over Search-Engine Dominance". The Wall Street Journal. News Corp. Retrieved August 5, 2024.
    zdnet.com (Global: 1,235^th place; English: 855^th place)
    Grossman, Wendy M. "The Twenty-Six Words that Created the Internet, book review: The biography of a law". ZDNet. Retrieved September 4, 2020.
    
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Big Tech (English Wikipedia)

adsabs.harvard.edu (Global: 14th place; English: 9th place)

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

allthingsd.com (Global: 9,045th place; English: 6,423rd place)

analyzify.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

apnews.com (Global: 101st place; English: 62nd place)

arstechnica.com (Global: 473rd place; English: 338th place)

axios.com (Global: 1,139th place; English: 623rd place)

barrons.com (Global: 2,543rd place; English: 1,528th place)

bbc.com (Global: 26th place; English: 23rd place)

bellingcat.com (Global: 6,214th place; English: 5,075th place)

benzinga.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

bloomberg.com (Global: 118th place; English: 85th place)

books.google.com (Global: 3rd place; English: 3rd place)

brightplanet.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

brookings.edu (Global: 1,937th place; English: 1,225th place)

bu.edu (Global: 2,348th place; English: 1,348th place)

scholarship.law.bu.edu

businessinsider.com (Global: 201st place; English: 139th place)

businessinsider.com

markets.businessinsider.com

cairn.info (Global: 574th place; English: 2,035th place)

cnbc.com (Global: 303rd place; English: 191st place)

cnn.com (Global: 36th place; English: 26th place)

companiesmarketcap.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

datamation.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

dfreelon.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

dictionary.com (Global: 1,672nd place; English: 1,248th place)

blog.dictionary.com

doi.org (Global: 2nd place; English: 2nd place)

economist.com (Global: 331st place; English: 272nd place)

engadget.com (Global: 613th place; English: 442nd place)

europa.eu (Global: 62nd place; English: 100th place)

europarl.europa.eu

digital-markets-act.ec.europa.eu

edps.europa.eu

fastercapital.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

finance.yahoo.com (Global: 894th place; English: 567th place)

financialpost.com (Global: 3,787th place; English: 2,072nd place)

fool.com (Global: 6,246th place; English: 4,084th place)

fortune.com (Global: 647th place; English: 421st place)

ft.com (Global: 193rd place; English: 127th place)

ftc.gov (Global: 4,627th place; English: 2,648th place)

fxssi.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

globalnews.ca (Global: 1,016th place; English: 518th place)

go.com (Global: 97th place; English: 79th place)

abcnews.go.com

greenpeace.org (Global: 4,678th place; English: 4,764th place)

hbr.org (Global: 4,164th place; English: 2,641st place)

hdl.handle.net (Global: 66th place; English: 34th place)

house.gov (Global: 501st place; English: 234th place)

docs.house.gov

judiciary.house.gov

energycommerce.house.gov

hrw.org (Global: 601st place; English: 472nd place)

igotanoffer.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

inc.com (Global: 2,680th place; English: 1,491st place)

internetassociation.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

investopedia.com (Global: 2,021st place; English: 1,613th place)

investor.atmeta.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

itif.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

jstor.org (Global: 23rd place; English: 15th place)

lemonde.fr (Global: 60th place; English: 343rd place)

linkedin.com (Global: 713th place; English: 549th place)

loc.gov (Global: 63rd place; English: 47th place)

webarchive.loc.gov

marketwatch.com (Global: 1,878th place; English: 1,099th place)

medium.com (Global: 651st place; English: 479th place)

mk.co.kr (Global: 1,173rd place; English: 1,260th place)

motherjones.com (Global: 2,128th place; English: 1,157th place)

nbcchicago.com (Global: 4,529th place; English: 2,376th place)

nbcnews.com (Global: 156th place; English: 101st place)

newrepublic.com (Global: 2,046th place; English: 1,108th place)

news18.com (Global: 361st place; English: 180th place)

newsweek.com (Global: 371st place; English: 235th place)

nih.gov (Global: 5th place; English: 5th place)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

npr.org (Global: 114th place; English: 75th place)

nytimes.com (Global: 7th place; English: 7th place)

nyu.edu (Global: 1,362nd place; English: 822nd place)

adsabs.harvard.edu (Global: 14^th place; English: 9^th place)

allthingsd.com (Global: 9,045^th place; English: 6,423^rd place)

apnews.com (Global: 101^st place; English: 62^nd place)

arstechnica.com (Global: 473^rd place; English: 338^th place)

axios.com (Global: 1,139^th place; English: 623^rd place)

barrons.com (Global: 2,543^rd place; English: 1,528^th place)

bbc.com (Global: 26^th place; English: 23^rd place)

bellingcat.com (Global: 6,214^th place; English: 5,075^th place)

bloomberg.com (Global: 118^th place; English: 85^th place)

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; English: 3^rd place)

brookings.edu (Global: 1,937^th place; English: 1,225^th place)

bu.edu (Global: 2,348^th place; English: 1,348^th place)

businessinsider.com (Global: 201^st place; English: 139^th place)

cairn.info (Global: 574^th place; English: 2,035^th place)

cnbc.com (Global: 303^rd place; English: 191^st place)

cnn.com (Global: 36^th place; English: 26^th place)

dictionary.com (Global: 1,672^nd place; English: 1,248^th place)

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

economist.com (Global: 331^st place; English: 272^nd place)

engadget.com (Global: 613^th place; English: 442^nd place)

europa.eu (Global: 62^nd place; English: 100^th place)

finance.yahoo.com (Global: 894^th place; English: 567^th place)

financialpost.com (Global: 3,787^th place; English: 2,072^nd place)

fool.com (Global: 6,246^th place; English: 4,084^th place)

fortune.com (Global: 647^th place; English: 421^st place)

ft.com (Global: 193^rd place; English: 127^th place)

ftc.gov (Global: 4,627^th place; English: 2,648^th place)

globalnews.ca (Global: 1,016^th place; English: 518^th place)

go.com (Global: 97^th place; English: 79^th place)

greenpeace.org (Global: 4,678^th place; English: 4,764^th place)

hbr.org (Global: 4,164^th place; English: 2,641^st place)

hdl.handle.net (Global: 66^th place; English: 34^th place)

house.gov (Global: 501^st place; English: 234^th place)

hrw.org (Global: 601^st place; English: 472^nd place)

inc.com (Global: 2,680^th place; English: 1,491^st place)

investopedia.com (Global: 2,021^st place; English: 1,613^th place)

jstor.org (Global: 23^rd place; English: 15^th place)

lemonde.fr (Global: 60^th place; English: 343^rd place)

linkedin.com (Global: 713^th place; English: 549^th place)

loc.gov (Global: 63^rd place; English: 47^th place)

marketwatch.com (Global: 1,878^th place; English: 1,099^th place)

medium.com (Global: 651^st place; English: 479^th place)

mk.co.kr (Global: 1,173^rd place; English: 1,260^th place)

motherjones.com (Global: 2,128^th place; English: 1,157^th place)

nbcchicago.com (Global: 4,529^th place; English: 2,376^th place)

nbcnews.com (Global: 156^th place; English: 101^st place)

newrepublic.com (Global: 2,046^th place; English: 1,108^th place)

news18.com (Global: 361^st place; English: 180^th place)

newsweek.com (Global: 371^st place; English: 235^th place)

nih.gov (Global: 5^th place; English: 5^th place)

npr.org (Global: 114^th place; English: 75^th place)

nytimes.com (Global: 7^th place; English: 7^th place)

nyu.edu (Global: 1,362^nd place; English: 822^nd place)

pbs.org (Global: 260^th place; English: 176^th place)

pcmag.com (Global: 1,442^nd place; English: 915^th place)

politi.co (Global: 8,434^th place; English: 4,824^th place)

popsci.com (Global: 4,048^th place; English: 2,846^th place)

pymnts.com (Global: low place; English: 8,728^th place)

reason.com (Global: 2,693^rd place; English: 1,431^st place)

reuters.com (Global: 38^th place; English: 30^th place)

science.org (Global: 1,007^th place; English: 665^th place)

scientificamerican.com (Global: 1,110^th place; English: 817^th place)

scmp.com (Global: 302^nd place; English: 189^th place)

scroll.in (Global: 1,216^th place; English: 593^rd place)

seattletimes.com (Global: 449^th place; English: 222^nd place)

seekingalpha.com (Global: 6,587^th place; English: 4,157^th place)

semanticscholar.org (Global: 15^th place; English: 8^th place)

slate.com (Global: 409^th place; English: 260^th place)

ssrn.com (Global: 907^th place; English: 529^th place)

statesman.com (Global: 2,973^rd place; English: 1,436^th place)

supremecourt.gov (Global: 3,581^st place; English: 1,811^th place)

techcrunch.com (Global: 317^th place; English: 224^th place)

techradar.com (Global: 1,513^th place; English: 964^th place)

techtarget.com (Global: 3,908^th place; English: 3,051^st place)

telegraph.co.uk (Global: 40^th place; English: 27^th place)

theatlantic.com (Global: 322^nd place; English: 198^th place)

thedailybeast.com (Global: 517^th place; English: 315^th place)

theglobeandmail.com (Global: 336^th place; English: 179^th place)

theguardian.com (Global: 16^th place; English: 11^th place)

thehill.com (Global: 469^th place; English: 252^nd place)