Bilateria (English Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Bilateria" in English language version.

refsWebsite

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34doi.org

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34nih.gov

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15harvard.edu

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12semanticscholar.org

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3kb.se

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2web.archive.org

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1geoscienceworld.org

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1worldcat.org

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1merriam-webster.com

209^th place

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1books.google.com

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1sinauer.com

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1weber.edu

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1psu.edu

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1sciencedirect.com

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1catalogueoflife.org

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1researchgate.net

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1qmul.ac.uk

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1handle.net

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76^th place

1palaeodiversity.org

low place

books.google.com

Minelli, Alessandro (2009). Perspectives in Animal Phylogeny and Evolution. Oxford University Press. p. 53. ISBN 978-0-19-856620-5.

catalogueoflife.org

"Animalia". The Catalogue of Life. Retrieved 18 February 2025.

doi.org

Grazhdankin, Dima (2004). "Patterns of distribution in the Ediacaran biotas: facies versus biogeography and evolution" (PDF). Paleobiology. 30 (2): 203–221. Bibcode:2004Pbio...30..203G. doi:10.1666/0094-8373(2004)030<0203:PODITE>2.0.CO;2. S2CID 129376371.
Bekkouche, Nicolas; Gąsiorowski, Ludwik (2022-12-31). "Careful amendment of morphological data sets improves phylogenetic frameworks: re-evaluating placement of the fossil Amiskwia sagittiformis". Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 20 (1): 1–14. doi:10.1080/14772019.2022.2109217. ISSN 1477-2019.
Chen, Zhe; Zhou, Chuanming; Yuan, Xunlai; Xiao, Shuhai (2019). "Death march of a segmented and trilobate bilaterian elucidates early animal evolution". Nature. 573 (7774): 412–415. Bibcode:2019Natur.573..412C. doi:10.1038/s41586-019-1522-7. PMID 31485079.
Finnerty, John R. (November 2005). "Did internal transport, rather than directed locomotion, favor the evolution of bilateral symmetry in animals?" (PDF). BioEssays. 27 (11): 1174–1180. doi:10.1002/bies.20299. PMID 16237677. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2019-07-02. Retrieved 2018-03-07.
Knoll, Andrew H.; Carroll, Sean B. (25 June 1999). "Early Animal Evolution: Emerging Views from Comparative Biology and Geology". Science. 284 (5423): 2129–2137. doi:10.1126/science.284.5423.2129. PMID 10381872. S2CID 8908451.
Balavoine, G.; Adoutte, Andre (2003). "The segmented Urbilateria: A testable scenario". Integrative and Comparative Biology. 43 (1): 137–147. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.560.8727. doi:10.1093/icb/43.1.137. PMID 21680418. S2CID 80975506.
Masterman, A. T. (1899). "On the Theory of Archimeric Segmentation and its bearing upon the Phyletic Classification of the Cœlomata". Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. 22: 270–310. doi:10.1017/S0370164600051245.
Levit, Georgy S.; Hoßfeld, Uwe; Naumann, Benjamin; Lukas, Paul; Olsson, Lennart (2022). "The biogenetic law and the Gastraea theory: From Ernst Haeckel's discoveries to contemporary views". Journal of Experimental Zoology Part B: Molecular and Developmental Evolution. 338 (1–2): 13–27. Bibcode:2022JEZB..338...13L. doi:10.1002/jez.b.23039. PMID 33724681.
Olsson, Lennart (2007). "A clash of traditions: the history of comparative and experimental embryology in Sweden as exemplified by the research of Gösta Jägersten and Sven Hörstadius". Theory in Biosciences. 126 (4): 117–129. doi:10.1007/s12064-007-0008-6. PMID 18008099.
Nielsen, Claus (1985). "Animal phylogeny in the light of the trochaea theory". Biological Journal of the Linnean Society. 25 (3): 243–299. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8312.1985.tb00396.x.
Cannon, Johanna Taylor; Vellutini, Bruno Cossermelli; Smith, Julian; Ronquist, Fredrik; Jondelius, Ulf; Hejnol, Andreas (2016). "Xenacoelomorpha is the sister group to Nephrozoa". Nature. 530 (7588): 89–93. Bibcode:2016Natur.530...89C. doi:10.1038/nature16520. PMID 26842059. S2CID 205247296.
Baguñà, Jaume; Martinez, Pere; Paps, Jordi; Riutort, Marta (April 2008). "Back in time: a new systematic proposal for the Bilateria". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 363 (1496): 1481–1491. doi:10.1098/rstb.2007.2238. PMC 2615819. PMID 18192186.
Hombría, James C.-G.; García-Ferrés, Mar; Sánchez-Higueras, Carlos (5 August 2021). "Anterior Hox Genes and the Process of Cephalization". Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology. 9. doi:10.3389/fcell.2021.718175. PMC 8374599. PMID 34422836.
Evans, Scott D.; Hughes, Ian V.; Gehling, James G.; Droser, Mary L. (7 April 2020). "Discovery of the oldest bilaterian from the Ediacaran of South Australia". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 117 (14): 7845–7850. Bibcode:2020PNAS..117.7845E. doi:10.1073/pnas.2001045117. PMC 7149385. PMID 32205432.
Fedonkin, M. A.; Waggoner, B. M. (November 1997). "The Late Precambrian fossil Kimberella is a mollusc-like bilaterian organism". Nature. 388 (6645): 868–871. Bibcode:1997Natur.388..868F. doi:10.1038/42242. S2CID 4395089.
Bengtson, S.; Budd, G. (19 November 2004). "Comment on 'small bilaterian fossils from 40 to 55 million years before the Cambrian'". Science. 306 (5700): 1291a. doi:10.1126/science.1101338. PMID 15550644.
Bengtson, S.; Donoghue, P. C. J.; Cunningham, J. A.; Yin, C. (2012). "A merciful death for the 'earliest bilaterian,' Vernanimalcula". Evolution & Development. 14 (5): 421–427. doi:10.1111/j.1525-142X.2012.00562.x. PMID 22947315. S2CID 205675058.
Hagadorn, J. W.; Xiao, S.; Donoghue, P. C. J.; Bengtson, S.; Gostling, N. J.; Pawlowska, M.; Raff, E. C.; Raff, R. A.; Turner, F. R.; Chongyu, Y.; Zhou, C.; Yuan, X.; McFeely, M. B.; Stampanoni, M.; Nealson, K. H. (13 October 2006). "Cellular and Subcellular Structure of Neoproterozoic Animal Embryos". Science. 314 (5797): 291–294. Bibcode:2006Sci...314..291H. doi:10.1126/science.1133129. PMID 17038620. S2CID 25112751.
Pecoits, E.; Konhauser, K. O.; Aubet, N. R.; Heaman, L. M.; Veroslavsky, G.; Stern, R. A.; Gingras, M. K. (June 29, 2012). "Bilaterian burrows and grazing behavior at >585 million years ago". Science. 336 (6089): 1693–1696. Bibcode:2012Sci...336.1693P. doi:10.1126/science.1216295. PMID 22745427. S2CID 27970523.
Verde, Mariano (15 September 2022). "Revisiting the supposed oldest bilaterian trace fossils from Uruguay: Late Paleozoic, not Ediacaran". Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 602. Bibcode:2022PPP...60211158V. doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2022.111158.
Nielsen, Claus (2008). "Six major steps in animal evolution: are we derived sponge larvae?". Evolution and Development. 10 (2): 241–257. doi:10.1111/j.1525-142X.2008.00231.x. PMID 18315817. S2CID 8531859.
Halanych, K.; Bacheller, J.; Aguinaldo, A.; Liva, S.; Hillis, D.; Lake, J. (17 March 1995). "Evidence from 18S ribosomal DNA that the lophophorates are protostome animals". Science. 267 (5204): 1641–1643. Bibcode:1995Sci...267.1641H. doi:10.1126/science.7886451. PMID 7886451. S2CID 12196991.
Paps, J.; Baguna, J.; Riutort, M. (14 July 2009). "Bilaterian phylogeny: a broad sampling of 13 nuclear genes provides a new Lophotrochozoa phylogeny and supports a paraphyletic basal Acoelomorpha". Molecular Biology and Evolution. 26 (10): 2397–2406. doi:10.1093/molbev/msp150. PMID 19602542.
Telford, Maximilian J. (15 April 2008). "Resolving animal phylogeny: A sledgehammer for a tough nut?". Developmental Cell. 14 (4): 457–459. doi:10.1016/j.devcel.2008.03.016. PMID 18410719.
Helfenbein, Kevin G.; Fourcade, H. Matthew; Vanjani, Rohit G.; Boore, Jeffrey L. (20 July 2004). "The mitochondrial genome of Paraspadella gotoi is highly reduced and reveals that chaetognaths are a sister group to protostomes". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 101 (29): 10639–10643. Bibcode:2004PNAS..10110639H. doi:10.1073/pnas.0400941101. PMC 489987. PMID 15249679.
Papillon, Daniel; Perez, Yvan; Caubit, Xavier; Yannick Le, Parco (November 2004). "Identification of chaetognaths as protostomes is supported by the analysis of their mitochondrial genome". Molecular Biology and Evolution. 21 (11): 2122–2129. doi:10.1093/molbev/msh229. PMID 15306659.
Fröbius, Andreas C.; Funch, Peter (2017-04-04). "Rotiferan Hox genes give new insights into the evolution of metazoan bodyplans". Nature Communications. 8 (1): 9. Bibcode:2017NatCo...8....9F. doi:10.1038/s41467-017-00020-w. PMC 5431905. PMID 28377584.
Martín-Durán, José M.; Passamaneck, Yale J.; Martindale, Mark Q.; Hejnol, Andreas (2016). "The developmental basis for the recurrent evolution of deuterostomy and protostomy". Nature Ecology & Evolution. 1 (1): 0005. doi:10.1038/s41559-016-0005. PMID 28812551. S2CID 90795.
Cannon, Johanna Taylor; Vellutini, Bruno Cossermelli; Smith, Julian; Ronquist, Fredrik; Jondelius, Ulf; Hejnol, Andreas (2016). "Xenacoelomorpha is the sister group to Nephrozoa". Nature. 530 (7588): 89–93. Bibcode:2016Natur.530...89C. doi:10.1038/nature16520. PMID 26842059. S2CID 205247296.
Dunn, Casey W.; Giribet, Gonzalo; Edgecombe, Gregory D.; Hejnol, Andreas (23 November 2014). "Animal Phylogeny and Its Evolutionary Implications". Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics. 45 (1): 371–395. doi:10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-120213-091627.
Kapli, Paschalia; Natsidis, Paschalis; Leite, Daniel J.; Fursman, Maximilian; Jeffrie, Nadia; et al. (2021-03-19). "Lack of support for Deuterostomia prompts reinterpretation of the first Bilateria". Science Advances. 7 (12): eabe2741. Bibcode:2021SciA....7.2741K. doi:10.1126/sciadv.abe2741. PMC 7978419. PMID 33741592.
Peterson, Kevin J.; Cotton, James A.; Gehling, James G.; Pisani, Davide (27 April 2008). "The Ediacaran emergence of bilaterians: congruence between the genetic and the geological fossil records". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B: Biological Sciences. 363 (1496): 1435–1443. doi:10.1098/rstb.2007.2233. PMC 2614224. PMID 18192191.
Philippe, Hervé; Poustka, Albert J.; Chiodin, Marta; Hoff, Katharina J.; Dessimoz, Christophe; et al. (2019). "Mitigating Anticipated Effects of Systematic Errors Supports Sister-Group Relationship between Xenacoelomorpha and Ambulacraria". Current Biology. 29 (11): 1818–1826.e6. Bibcode:2019CBio...29E1818P. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2019.04.009. hdl:21.11116/0000-0004-DC4B-1. PMID 31104936.
Swalla, Billie J. (21 November 2024). "Deuterostome Ancestors and Chordate Origins". Integrative and Comparative Biology. 64 (5): 1175–1181. doi:10.1093/icb/icae134. PMID 39104213.

geoscienceworld.org

paleobiol.geoscienceworld.org

Grazhdankin, Dima (2004). "Patterns of distribution in the Ediacaran biotas: facies versus biogeography and evolution" (PDF). Paleobiology. 30 (2): 203–221. Bibcode:2004Pbio...30..203G. doi:10.1666/0094-8373(2004)030<0203:PODITE>2.0.CO;2. S2CID 129376371.

handle.net

hdl.handle.net

Philippe, Hervé; Poustka, Albert J.; Chiodin, Marta; Hoff, Katharina J.; Dessimoz, Christophe; et al. (2019). "Mitigating Anticipated Effects of Systematic Errors Supports Sister-Group Relationship between Xenacoelomorpha and Ambulacraria". Current Biology. 29 (11): 1818–1826.e6. Bibcode:2019CBio...29E1818P. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2019.04.009. hdl:21.11116/0000-0004-DC4B-1. PMID 31104936.

harvard.edu

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Grazhdankin, Dima (2004). "Patterns of distribution in the Ediacaran biotas: facies versus biogeography and evolution" (PDF). Paleobiology. 30 (2): 203–221. Bibcode:2004Pbio...30..203G. doi:10.1666/0094-8373(2004)030<0203:PODITE>2.0.CO;2. S2CID 129376371.
Chen, Zhe; Zhou, Chuanming; Yuan, Xunlai; Xiao, Shuhai (2019). "Death march of a segmented and trilobate bilaterian elucidates early animal evolution". Nature. 573 (7774): 412–415. Bibcode:2019Natur.573..412C. doi:10.1038/s41586-019-1522-7. PMID 31485079.
Levit, Georgy S.; Hoßfeld, Uwe; Naumann, Benjamin; Lukas, Paul; Olsson, Lennart (2022). "The biogenetic law and the Gastraea theory: From Ernst Haeckel's discoveries to contemporary views". Journal of Experimental Zoology Part B: Molecular and Developmental Evolution. 338 (1–2): 13–27. Bibcode:2022JEZB..338...13L. doi:10.1002/jez.b.23039. PMID 33724681.
Cannon, Johanna Taylor; Vellutini, Bruno Cossermelli; Smith, Julian; Ronquist, Fredrik; Jondelius, Ulf; Hejnol, Andreas (2016). "Xenacoelomorpha is the sister group to Nephrozoa". Nature. 530 (7588): 89–93. Bibcode:2016Natur.530...89C. doi:10.1038/nature16520. PMID 26842059. S2CID 205247296.
Evans, Scott D.; Hughes, Ian V.; Gehling, James G.; Droser, Mary L. (7 April 2020). "Discovery of the oldest bilaterian from the Ediacaran of South Australia". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 117 (14): 7845–7850. Bibcode:2020PNAS..117.7845E. doi:10.1073/pnas.2001045117. PMC 7149385. PMID 32205432.
Fedonkin, M. A.; Waggoner, B. M. (November 1997). "The Late Precambrian fossil Kimberella is a mollusc-like bilaterian organism". Nature. 388 (6645): 868–871. Bibcode:1997Natur.388..868F. doi:10.1038/42242. S2CID 4395089.
Hagadorn, J. W.; Xiao, S.; Donoghue, P. C. J.; Bengtson, S.; Gostling, N. J.; Pawlowska, M.; Raff, E. C.; Raff, R. A.; Turner, F. R.; Chongyu, Y.; Zhou, C.; Yuan, X.; McFeely, M. B.; Stampanoni, M.; Nealson, K. H. (13 October 2006). "Cellular and Subcellular Structure of Neoproterozoic Animal Embryos". Science. 314 (5797): 291–294. Bibcode:2006Sci...314..291H. doi:10.1126/science.1133129. PMID 17038620. S2CID 25112751.
Pecoits, E.; Konhauser, K. O.; Aubet, N. R.; Heaman, L. M.; Veroslavsky, G.; Stern, R. A.; Gingras, M. K. (June 29, 2012). "Bilaterian burrows and grazing behavior at >585 million years ago". Science. 336 (6089): 1693–1696. Bibcode:2012Sci...336.1693P. doi:10.1126/science.1216295. PMID 22745427. S2CID 27970523.
Verde, Mariano (15 September 2022). "Revisiting the supposed oldest bilaterian trace fossils from Uruguay: Late Paleozoic, not Ediacaran". Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 602. Bibcode:2022PPP...60211158V. doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2022.111158.
Halanych, K.; Bacheller, J.; Aguinaldo, A.; Liva, S.; Hillis, D.; Lake, J. (17 March 1995). "Evidence from 18S ribosomal DNA that the lophophorates are protostome animals". Science. 267 (5204): 1641–1643. Bibcode:1995Sci...267.1641H. doi:10.1126/science.7886451. PMID 7886451. S2CID 12196991.
Helfenbein, Kevin G.; Fourcade, H. Matthew; Vanjani, Rohit G.; Boore, Jeffrey L. (20 July 2004). "The mitochondrial genome of Paraspadella gotoi is highly reduced and reveals that chaetognaths are a sister group to protostomes". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 101 (29): 10639–10643. Bibcode:2004PNAS..10110639H. doi:10.1073/pnas.0400941101. PMC 489987. PMID 15249679.
Fröbius, Andreas C.; Funch, Peter (2017-04-04). "Rotiferan Hox genes give new insights into the evolution of metazoan bodyplans". Nature Communications. 8 (1): 9. Bibcode:2017NatCo...8....9F. doi:10.1038/s41467-017-00020-w. PMC 5431905. PMID 28377584.
Cannon, Johanna Taylor; Vellutini, Bruno Cossermelli; Smith, Julian; Ronquist, Fredrik; Jondelius, Ulf; Hejnol, Andreas (2016). "Xenacoelomorpha is the sister group to Nephrozoa". Nature. 530 (7588): 89–93. Bibcode:2016Natur.530...89C. doi:10.1038/nature16520. PMID 26842059. S2CID 205247296.
Kapli, Paschalia; Natsidis, Paschalis; Leite, Daniel J.; Fursman, Maximilian; Jeffrie, Nadia; et al. (2021-03-19). "Lack of support for Deuterostomia prompts reinterpretation of the first Bilateria". Science Advances. 7 (12): eabe2741. Bibcode:2021SciA....7.2741K. doi:10.1126/sciadv.abe2741. PMC 7978419. PMID 33741592.
Philippe, Hervé; Poustka, Albert J.; Chiodin, Marta; Hoff, Katharina J.; Dessimoz, Christophe; et al. (2019). "Mitigating Anticipated Effects of Systematic Errors Supports Sister-Group Relationship between Xenacoelomorpha and Ambulacraria". Current Biology. 29 (11): 1818–1826.e6. Bibcode:2019CBio...29E1818P. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2019.04.009. hdl:21.11116/0000-0004-DC4B-1. PMID 31104936.

kb.se

urn.kb.se

Cannon, Johanna Taylor; Vellutini, Bruno Cossermelli; Smith, Julian; Ronquist, Fredrik; Jondelius, Ulf; Hejnol, Andreas (2016). "Xenacoelomorpha is the sister group to Nephrozoa". Nature. 530 (7588): 89–93. Bibcode:2016Natur.530...89C. doi:10.1038/nature16520. PMID 26842059. S2CID 205247296.
Bengtson, S.; Donoghue, P. C. J.; Cunningham, J. A.; Yin, C. (2012). "A merciful death for the 'earliest bilaterian,' Vernanimalcula". Evolution & Development. 14 (5): 421–427. doi:10.1111/j.1525-142X.2012.00562.x. PMID 22947315. S2CID 205675058.
Cannon, Johanna Taylor; Vellutini, Bruno Cossermelli; Smith, Julian; Ronquist, Fredrik; Jondelius, Ulf; Hejnol, Andreas (2016). "Xenacoelomorpha is the sister group to Nephrozoa". Nature. 530 (7588): 89–93. Bibcode:2016Natur.530...89C. doi:10.1038/nature16520. PMID 26842059. S2CID 205247296.

merriam-webster.com

"bilateria". Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary. Merriam-Webster.

nih.gov

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Chen, Zhe; Zhou, Chuanming; Yuan, Xunlai; Xiao, Shuhai (2019). "Death march of a segmented and trilobate bilaterian elucidates early animal evolution". Nature. 573 (7774): 412–415. Bibcode:2019Natur.573..412C. doi:10.1038/s41586-019-1522-7. PMID 31485079.
Finnerty, John R. (November 2005). "Did internal transport, rather than directed locomotion, favor the evolution of bilateral symmetry in animals?" (PDF). BioEssays. 27 (11): 1174–1180. doi:10.1002/bies.20299. PMID 16237677. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2019-07-02. Retrieved 2018-03-07.
Knoll, Andrew H.; Carroll, Sean B. (25 June 1999). "Early Animal Evolution: Emerging Views from Comparative Biology and Geology". Science. 284 (5423): 2129–2137. doi:10.1126/science.284.5423.2129. PMID 10381872. S2CID 8908451.
Balavoine, G.; Adoutte, Andre (2003). "The segmented Urbilateria: A testable scenario". Integrative and Comparative Biology. 43 (1): 137–147. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.560.8727. doi:10.1093/icb/43.1.137. PMID 21680418. S2CID 80975506.
Levit, Georgy S.; Hoßfeld, Uwe; Naumann, Benjamin; Lukas, Paul; Olsson, Lennart (2022). "The biogenetic law and the Gastraea theory: From Ernst Haeckel's discoveries to contemporary views". Journal of Experimental Zoology Part B: Molecular and Developmental Evolution. 338 (1–2): 13–27. Bibcode:2022JEZB..338...13L. doi:10.1002/jez.b.23039. PMID 33724681.
Olsson, Lennart (2007). "A clash of traditions: the history of comparative and experimental embryology in Sweden as exemplified by the research of Gösta Jägersten and Sven Hörstadius". Theory in Biosciences. 126 (4): 117–129. doi:10.1007/s12064-007-0008-6. PMID 18008099.
Cannon, Johanna Taylor; Vellutini, Bruno Cossermelli; Smith, Julian; Ronquist, Fredrik; Jondelius, Ulf; Hejnol, Andreas (2016). "Xenacoelomorpha is the sister group to Nephrozoa". Nature. 530 (7588): 89–93. Bibcode:2016Natur.530...89C. doi:10.1038/nature16520. PMID 26842059. S2CID 205247296.
Baguñà, Jaume; Martinez, Pere; Paps, Jordi; Riutort, Marta (April 2008). "Back in time: a new systematic proposal for the Bilateria". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 363 (1496): 1481–1491. doi:10.1098/rstb.2007.2238. PMC 2615819. PMID 18192186.
Hombría, James C.-G.; García-Ferrés, Mar; Sánchez-Higueras, Carlos (5 August 2021). "Anterior Hox Genes and the Process of Cephalization". Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology. 9. doi:10.3389/fcell.2021.718175. PMC 8374599. PMID 34422836.
Evans, Scott D.; Hughes, Ian V.; Gehling, James G.; Droser, Mary L. (7 April 2020). "Discovery of the oldest bilaterian from the Ediacaran of South Australia". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 117 (14): 7845–7850. Bibcode:2020PNAS..117.7845E. doi:10.1073/pnas.2001045117. PMC 7149385. PMID 32205432.
Bengtson, S.; Budd, G. (19 November 2004). "Comment on 'small bilaterian fossils from 40 to 55 million years before the Cambrian'". Science. 306 (5700): 1291a. doi:10.1126/science.1101338. PMID 15550644.
Bengtson, S.; Donoghue, P. C. J.; Cunningham, J. A.; Yin, C. (2012). "A merciful death for the 'earliest bilaterian,' Vernanimalcula". Evolution & Development. 14 (5): 421–427. doi:10.1111/j.1525-142X.2012.00562.x. PMID 22947315. S2CID 205675058.
Hagadorn, J. W.; Xiao, S.; Donoghue, P. C. J.; Bengtson, S.; Gostling, N. J.; Pawlowska, M.; Raff, E. C.; Raff, R. A.; Turner, F. R.; Chongyu, Y.; Zhou, C.; Yuan, X.; McFeely, M. B.; Stampanoni, M.; Nealson, K. H. (13 October 2006). "Cellular and Subcellular Structure of Neoproterozoic Animal Embryos". Science. 314 (5797): 291–294. Bibcode:2006Sci...314..291H. doi:10.1126/science.1133129. PMID 17038620. S2CID 25112751.
Pecoits, E.; Konhauser, K. O.; Aubet, N. R.; Heaman, L. M.; Veroslavsky, G.; Stern, R. A.; Gingras, M. K. (June 29, 2012). "Bilaterian burrows and grazing behavior at >585 million years ago". Science. 336 (6089): 1693–1696. Bibcode:2012Sci...336.1693P. doi:10.1126/science.1216295. PMID 22745427. S2CID 27970523.
Nielsen, Claus (2008). "Six major steps in animal evolution: are we derived sponge larvae?". Evolution and Development. 10 (2): 241–257. doi:10.1111/j.1525-142X.2008.00231.x. PMID 18315817. S2CID 8531859.
Halanych, K.; Bacheller, J.; Aguinaldo, A.; Liva, S.; Hillis, D.; Lake, J. (17 March 1995). "Evidence from 18S ribosomal DNA that the lophophorates are protostome animals". Science. 267 (5204): 1641–1643. Bibcode:1995Sci...267.1641H. doi:10.1126/science.7886451. PMID 7886451. S2CID 12196991.
Paps, J.; Baguna, J.; Riutort, M. (14 July 2009). "Bilaterian phylogeny: a broad sampling of 13 nuclear genes provides a new Lophotrochozoa phylogeny and supports a paraphyletic basal Acoelomorpha". Molecular Biology and Evolution. 26 (10): 2397–2406. doi:10.1093/molbev/msp150. PMID 19602542.
Telford, Maximilian J. (15 April 2008). "Resolving animal phylogeny: A sledgehammer for a tough nut?". Developmental Cell. 14 (4): 457–459. doi:10.1016/j.devcel.2008.03.016. PMID 18410719.
Helfenbein, Kevin G.; Fourcade, H. Matthew; Vanjani, Rohit G.; Boore, Jeffrey L. (20 July 2004). "The mitochondrial genome of Paraspadella gotoi is highly reduced and reveals that chaetognaths are a sister group to protostomes". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 101 (29): 10639–10643. Bibcode:2004PNAS..10110639H. doi:10.1073/pnas.0400941101. PMC 489987. PMID 15249679.
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