Biodegradable plastic (English Wikipedia)

Ammala, Anne; Bateman, Stuart; Dean, Katherine; Petinakis, Eustathios; Sangwan, Parveen; Wong, Susan; Yuan, Qiang; Yu, Long; Patrick, Colin; Leong, K.H. (August 2011). "An overview of degradable and biodegradable polyolefins". Progress in Polymer Science. 36 (8): 1015–1049. doi:10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2010.12.002.
Rudin, Alfred; Choi, Phillip (2013). "Biopolymers". The Elements of Polymer Science & Engineering. pp. 521–535. doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-382178-2.00013-4. ISBN 978-0-12-382178-2.
Chodak, Ivan (2008). "Polyhydroxyalkanoates: Origin, Properties and Applications". Monomers, Polymers and Composites from Renewable Resources. pp. 451–477. doi:10.1016/B978-0-08-045316-3.00022-3. ISBN 978-0-08-045316-3.
Philip, S.; Keshavarz, T.; Roy, I. (March 2007). "Polyhydroxyalkanoates: biodegradable polymers with a range of applications". Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology. 82 (3): 233–247. Bibcode:2007JCTB...82..233P. doi:10.1002/jctb.1667.
Chen, Guo-Qiang (2009). "A microbial polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) based bio- and materials industry". Chemical Society Reviews. 38 (8): 2434–2446. doi:10.1039/b812677c. PMID 19623359.
Chen, Guo-Qiang; Patel, Martin K. (11 April 2012). "Plastics Derived from Biological Sources: Present and Future: A Technical and Environmental Review". Chemical Reviews. 112 (4): 2082–2099. doi:10.1021/cr200162d. PMID 22188473.
Science Advice for Policy by European Academies (SAPEA) (2021). Biodegradability of plastics in the open environment. Berlin: Science Advice for Policy by European Academies. doi:10.26356/biodegradabilityplastics. ISBN 978-3-9820301-8-0. {{cite book}}: |author1= has generic name (help)^{[page needed]}
Andrady, Anthony L.; Neal, Mike A. (27 July 2009). "Applications and societal benefits of plastics". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 364 (1526): 1977–1984. doi:10.1098/rstb.2008.0304. PMC 2873019. PMID 19528050.
Song, J. H.; Murphy, R. J.; Narayan, R.; Davies, G. B. H. (2009-07-27). "Biodegradable and compostable alternatives to conventional plastics". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 364 (1526): 2127–2139. doi:10.1098/rstb.2008.0289. ISSN 0962-8436. PMC 2873018. PMID 19528060.
Kim, Young Baek; Lenz, Robert W. (2001), Babel, Wolfgang; Steinbüchel, Alexander (eds.), "Polyesters from Microorganisms", Biopolyesters, vol. 71, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, pp. 51–79, doi:10.1007/3-540-40021-4_2, ISBN 978-3-540-41141-3, PMID 11217417
Jacquel, Nicolas; Lo, Chi-Wei; Wei, Yu-Hong; Wu, Ho-Shing; Wang, Shaw S. (April 2008). "Isolation and purification of bacterial poly(3-hydroxyalkanoates)". Biochemical Engineering Journal. 39 (1): 15–27. Bibcode:2008BioEJ..39...15J. doi:10.1016/j.bej.2007.11.029.
Philip, S.; Keshavarz, T.; Roy, I. (March 2007). "Polyhydroxyalkanoates: biodegradable polymers with a range of applications". Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology. 82 (3): 233–247. Bibcode:2007JCTB...82..233P. doi:10.1002/jctb.1667.
Chaléat, C.; Halley, Peter J.; Truss, R.W. (2014), "Mechanical Properties of Starch-Based Plastics", Starch Polymers, Elsevier, pp. 187–209, doi:10.1016/b978-0-444-53730-0.00023-3, ISBN 978-0-444-53730-0
Khalid, Saud; Yu, Long; Meng, Linghan; Liu, Hongsheng; Ali, Amjad; Chen, Ling (2017-12-10). "Poly(lactic acid)/starch composites: Effect of microstructure and morphology of starch granules on performance". Journal of Applied Polymer Science. 134 (46) 45504. doi:10.1002/app.45504.
Avérous, Luc; Pollet, Eric (2014), "Nanobiocomposites Based on Plasticized Starch", Starch Polymers, Elsevier, pp. 211–239, doi:10.1016/b978-0-444-53730-0.00028-2, ISBN 978-0-444-53730-0
Thakur, Vijay Kumar; Thakur, Manju Kumari; Raghavan, Prasanth; Kessler, Michael R. (2014). "Progress in Green Polymer Composites from Lignin for Multifunctional Applications: A Review". ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering. 2 (5). ACS Publications: 1072–2019. doi:10.1021/sc500087z.
Taniguchi, Ikuo; Yoshida, Shosuke; Hiraga, Kazumi; Miyamoto, Kenji; Kimura, Yoshiharu; Oda, Kohei (2019). "Biodegradation of PET: Current Status and Application Aspects". ACS Catalysis. 9 (5). ACS Publications: 4089–4105. doi:10.1021/acscatal.8b05171. S2CID 145882709.
CSIRO Molecular Science, Bag 10, Clayton South MDC, Vic 3169, Australia; Gunatillake, Pa (2003-10-01). "Biodegradable synthetic polymers for tissue engineering". European Cells and Materials. 5: 1–16. doi:10.22203/eCM.v005a01. PMID 14562275.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
Xu, Jun; Guo, Bao-Hua (2010), Chen, George Guo-Qiang (ed.), "Microbial Succinic Acid, Its Polymer Poly(butylene succinate), and Applications", Plastics from Bacteria, Microbiology Monographs, vol. 14, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, pp. 347–388, doi:10.1007/978-3-642-03287-5_14, ISBN 978-3-642-03286-8
Tokiwa, Yutaka; Calabia, Buenaventurada; Ugwu, Charles; Aiba, Seiichi (2009-08-26). "Biodegradability of Plastics". International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 10 (9): 3722–3742. doi:10.3390/ijms10093722. ISSN 1422-0067. PMC 2769161. PMID 19865515.
Chiellini, Emo; Corti, Andrea; D'Antone, Salvatore; Solaro, Roberto (June 2003). "Biodegradation of poly (vinyl alcohol) based materials". Progress in Polymer Science. 28 (6): 963–1014. doi:10.1016/S0079-6700(02)00149-1.
Yaradoddi, Jayachandra S.; Hugar, Shoba; Banapurmath, Nagaraj Rhok S. (2019), Martínez, Leticia Myriam Torres; Kharissova, Oxana Vasilievna; Kharisov, Boris Ildusovich (eds.), "Alternative and Renewable Bio-based and Biodegradable Plastics", Handbook of Ecomaterials, Springer International Publishing, pp. 2935–2954, doi:10.1007/978-3-319-68255-6_150, ISBN 978-3-319-68255-6
Muniyasamy, Sudhakar; Ofosu, Osei; John, Maya Jacob; Anandjiwala, Rajesh D. (2016-04-06). "Mineralization of Poly(lactic acid) (PLA), Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-valerate) (PHBV) and PLA/PHBV Blend in Compost and Soil Environments". Journal of Renewable Materials. 4 (2): 133–145. doi:10.7569/jrm.2016.634104. ISSN 2164-6325.
Kubowicz, Stephan; Booth, Andy M. (2017-11-07). "Biodegradability of Plastics: Challenges and Misconceptions". Environmental Science & Technology. 51 (21): 12058–12060. Bibcode:2017EnST...5112058K. doi:10.1021/acs.est.7b04051. ISSN 0013-936X. PMID 29022342.
Thompson, Richard C.; Moore, Charles J.; Saal, Frederick S. vom; Swan, Shanna (14 June 2009). "Plastics, the environment and human health: current consensus and future trends". Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B. 364 (1526): 2153–2166. doi:10.1098/rstb.2009.0053. PMC 2873021. PMID 19528062.
Yabannavar, Asha V.; Bartha, Richard (October 1994). "Methods for Assessment of Biodegradability of Plastic Films in Soil". Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 60 (10): 3608–3614. Bibcode:1994ApEnM..60.3608Y. doi:10.1128/aem.60.10.3608-3614.1994. PMC 201863. PMID 16349408.
Bonhomme, S; Cuer, A; Delort, A-M; Lemaire, J; Sancelme, M; Scott, G (January 2003). "Environmental biodegradation of polyethylene". Polymer Degradation and Stability. 81 (3): 441–452. doi:10.1016/S0141-3910(03)00129-0.
Jakubowicz, Ignacy; Yarahmadi, Nazdaneh; Arthurson, Veronica (May 2011). "Kinetics of abiotic and biotic degradability of low-density polyethylene containing prodegradant additives and its effect on the growth of microbial communities". Polymer Degradation and Stability. 96 (5): 919–928. doi:10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2011.01.031.
Sultan, Benjamin (26 October 2012). "Global warming threatens agricultural productivity in Africa and South Asia". Environmental Research Letters. 7 (4) 041001. Bibcode:2012ERL.....7d1001S. doi:10.1088/1748-9326/7/4/041001.
Gerngross, Tillman U. (1999). "Can biotechnology move us toward a sustainable society?". Nature Biotechnology. 17 (6): 541–544. doi:10.1038/9843. PMID 10385316. S2CID 36258380.
Gerngross, Tillman U.; Slater, Steven C. (August 2000). "How Green are Green Plastics?". Scientific American. 283 (2): 36–41. Bibcode:2000SciAm.283b..36G. doi:10.1038/scientificamerican0800-36. JSTOR 26058824. PMID 10914397. NAID 10030850546.
Akiyama, Minoru; Tsuge, Takeharu; Doi, Yoshiharu (2003). "Environmental life cycle comparison of polyhydroxyalkanoates produced from renewable carbon resources by bacterial fermentation". Polymer Degradation and Stability. 80 (1): 183–194. doi:10.1016/S0141-3910(02)00400-7.
Vink, Erwin T.H.; Rábago, Karl R.; Glassner, David A.; Gruber, Patrick R. (January 2003). "Applications of life cycle assessment to NatureWorks™ polylactide (PLA) production". Polymer Degradation and Stability. 80 (3): 403–419. doi:10.1016/S0141-3910(02)00372-5.
Petkewich, R. (2003). "Technology Solutions: Microbes manufacture plastic from food waste". Environmental Science & Technology. 37 (9): 175A–. Bibcode:2003EnST...37..175P. doi:10.1021/es032456x. PMID 12775035.
Vink, Erwin T.H.; Glassner, David A.; Kolstad, Jeffrey J.; Wooley, Robert J.; O'Connor, Ryan P. (March 2007). "ORIGINAL RESEARCH: The eco-profiles for current and near-future NatureWorks® polylactide (PLA) production". Industrial Biotechnology. 3 (1): 58–81. doi:10.1089/ind.2007.3.058.
A. Michael Sismour; Benner, Steven A. (July 2005). "Synthetic biology". Nature Reviews Genetics. 6 (7): 533–543. doi:10.1038/nrg1637. ISSN 1471-0064. PMC 7097405. PMID 15995697.
Somerville, Chris; Nawrath, Christianae; Poirier, Yves (February 1995). "Production of Polyhydroxyalkanoates, a Family of Biodegradable Plastics and Elastomers, in Bacteria and Plants". Bio/Technology. 13 (2): 142–150. doi:10.1038/nbt0295-142. ISSN 1546-1696. PMID 9634754. S2CID 1449289.
Liu, Bin (11 June 2018). "Recent Advances in Biodegradable Conducting Polymers and Their Biomedical Applications". Biomacromolecules. 19 (6): 1783–1803. doi:10.1021/acs.biomac.8b00275. PMID 29787260.
Yadid, Moran; Feiner, Ron; Dvir, Tal (18 March 2019). "Gold Nanoparticle-Integrated Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine". Nano Letters. 19 (4): 2198–2206. Bibcode:2019NanoL..19.2198Y. doi:10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b00472. PMID 30884238. S2CID 83460782.
Mao, Angelo S.; Mooney, David J. (2015-11-24). "Regenerative medicine: Current therapies and future directions". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 112 (47): 14452–14459. Bibcode:2015PNAS..11214452M. doi:10.1073/pnas.1508520112. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 4664309. PMID 26598661.

ecostandard.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

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eesi.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Fact Sheet - Landfill Methane | White Papers | EESI". www.eesi.org. Retrieved 2019-08-09.

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"Are bioplastics better for the environment than conventional plastics?". Ensia. Retrieved 2023-05-20.

environmentalleader.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Hermes, Jennifer. "Biodegradable Plastics: Yes or No?" Published 5 Feb 2018. Retrieved 23 April 2019.

epa.gov (Global: 882^nd place; English: 600^th place)

"Municipal Waste Factsheet" (PDF). EPA. Archived from the original (PDF) on 1 August 2013. Retrieved 7 May 2013.
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europa.eu (Global: 68^th place; English: 117^th place)

ec.europa.eu

"European Green Deal: Putting an end to wasteful packaging, boosting reuse and recycling" (Press release). Brussels: European Commission. 30 November 2022. Retrieved 2023-03-01.

european-bioplastics.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

"What are the required circumstances for a compostable product to compost?". European Bioplastics e.V. Retrieved 2018-12-17.

globalcomposting.solutions (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Aerobic Composting vs Anearobic | Global Composting Solutions". globalcomposting. Retrieved 2019-08-08.

harvard.edu (Global: 18^th place; English: 17^th place)

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Philip, S.; Keshavarz, T.; Roy, I. (March 2007). "Polyhydroxyalkanoates: biodegradable polymers with a range of applications". Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology. 82 (3): 233–247. Bibcode:2007JCTB...82..233P. doi:10.1002/jctb.1667.
Jacquel, Nicolas; Lo, Chi-Wei; Wei, Yu-Hong; Wu, Ho-Shing; Wang, Shaw S. (April 2008). "Isolation and purification of bacterial poly(3-hydroxyalkanoates)". Biochemical Engineering Journal. 39 (1): 15–27. Bibcode:2008BioEJ..39...15J. doi:10.1016/j.bej.2007.11.029.
Philip, S.; Keshavarz, T.; Roy, I. (March 2007). "Polyhydroxyalkanoates: biodegradable polymers with a range of applications". Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology. 82 (3): 233–247. Bibcode:2007JCTB...82..233P. doi:10.1002/jctb.1667.
Kubowicz, Stephan; Booth, Andy M. (2017-11-07). "Biodegradability of Plastics: Challenges and Misconceptions". Environmental Science & Technology. 51 (21): 12058–12060. Bibcode:2017EnST...5112058K. doi:10.1021/acs.est.7b04051. ISSN 0013-936X. PMID 29022342.
Yabannavar, Asha V.; Bartha, Richard (October 1994). "Methods for Assessment of Biodegradability of Plastic Films in Soil". Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 60 (10): 3608–3614. Bibcode:1994ApEnM..60.3608Y. doi:10.1128/aem.60.10.3608-3614.1994. PMC 201863. PMID 16349408.
Sultan, Benjamin (26 October 2012). "Global warming threatens agricultural productivity in Africa and South Asia". Environmental Research Letters. 7 (4) 041001. Bibcode:2012ERL.....7d1001S. doi:10.1088/1748-9326/7/4/041001.
Gerngross, Tillman U.; Slater, Steven C. (August 2000). "How Green are Green Plastics?". Scientific American. 283 (2): 36–41. Bibcode:2000SciAm.283b..36G. doi:10.1038/scientificamerican0800-36. JSTOR 26058824. PMID 10914397. NAID 10030850546.
Petkewich, R. (2003). "Technology Solutions: Microbes manufacture plastic from food waste". Environmental Science & Technology. 37 (9): 175A–. Bibcode:2003EnST...37..175P. doi:10.1021/es032456x. PMID 12775035.
Yadid, Moran; Feiner, Ron; Dvir, Tal (18 March 2019). "Gold Nanoparticle-Integrated Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine". Nano Letters. 19 (4): 2198–2206. Bibcode:2019NanoL..19.2198Y. doi:10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b00472. PMID 30884238. S2CID 83460782.
Mao, Angelo S.; Mooney, David J. (2015-11-24). "Regenerative medicine: Current therapies and future directions". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 112 (47): 14452–14459. Bibcode:2015PNAS..11214452M. doi:10.1073/pnas.1508520112. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 4664309. PMID 26598661.

howstuffworks.com (Global: 840^th place; English: 635^th place)

William Harris (2010-12-15). "How long does it take for plastics to biodegrade?". How Stuff Works. Retrieved 2013-05-09.

iflscience.com (Global: low place; English: 9,862^nd place)

"Eight Million Tonnes of Plastic Are Going into the Ocean Each Year". IFLScience. 13 February 2015. Retrieved 2019-08-02.

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2019.igem.org

"Team:Virginia - 2019.igem.org". 2019.igem.org. Retrieved 2019-08-07.

independent.co.uk (Global: 36^th place; English: 33^rd place)

"Biodegradable plastic grown on GM plants". The Independent. 1999-09-29. Retrieved 2019-08-07.

jstor.org (Global: 26^th place; English: 20^th place)

Gerngross, Tillman U.; Slater, Steven C. (August 2000). "How Green are Green Plastics?". Scientific American. 283 (2): 36–41. Bibcode:2000SciAm.283b..36G. doi:10.1038/scientificamerican0800-36. JSTOR 26058824. PMID 10914397. NAID 10030850546.

minambiente.it (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Consiglio dei Ministri conferma la messa al bando dei sacchetti di plastica non biodegradabili | Ministero dell'Ambiente e della Tutela del Territorio e del Mare". www.minambiente.it. Retrieved 2019-08-07.

nih.gov (Global: 4^th place; English: 4^th place)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Chen, Guo-Qiang (2009). "A microbial polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) based bio- and materials industry". Chemical Society Reviews. 38 (8): 2434–2446. doi:10.1039/b812677c. PMID 19623359.
Chen, Guo-Qiang; Patel, Martin K. (11 April 2012). "Plastics Derived from Biological Sources: Present and Future: A Technical and Environmental Review". Chemical Reviews. 112 (4): 2082–2099. doi:10.1021/cr200162d. PMID 22188473.
Andrady, Anthony L.; Neal, Mike A. (27 July 2009). "Applications and societal benefits of plastics". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 364 (1526): 1977–1984. doi:10.1098/rstb.2008.0304. PMC 2873019. PMID 19528050.
Song, J. H.; Murphy, R. J.; Narayan, R.; Davies, G. B. H. (2009-07-27). "Biodegradable and compostable alternatives to conventional plastics". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 364 (1526): 2127–2139. doi:10.1098/rstb.2008.0289. ISSN 0962-8436. PMC 2873018. PMID 19528060.
Kim, Young Baek; Lenz, Robert W. (2001), Babel, Wolfgang; Steinbüchel, Alexander (eds.), "Polyesters from Microorganisms", Biopolyesters, vol. 71, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, pp. 51–79, doi:10.1007/3-540-40021-4_2, ISBN 978-3-540-41141-3, PMID 11217417
CSIRO Molecular Science, Bag 10, Clayton South MDC, Vic 3169, Australia; Gunatillake, Pa (2003-10-01). "Biodegradable synthetic polymers for tissue engineering". European Cells and Materials. 5: 1–16. doi:10.22203/eCM.v005a01. PMID 14562275.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
Tokiwa, Yutaka; Calabia, Buenaventurada; Ugwu, Charles; Aiba, Seiichi (2009-08-26). "Biodegradability of Plastics". International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 10 (9): 3722–3742. doi:10.3390/ijms10093722. ISSN 1422-0067. PMC 2769161. PMID 19865515.
Kubowicz, Stephan; Booth, Andy M. (2017-11-07). "Biodegradability of Plastics: Challenges and Misconceptions". Environmental Science & Technology. 51 (21): 12058–12060. Bibcode:2017EnST...5112058K. doi:10.1021/acs.est.7b04051. ISSN 0013-936X. PMID 29022342.
Thompson, Richard C.; Moore, Charles J.; Saal, Frederick S. vom; Swan, Shanna (14 June 2009). "Plastics, the environment and human health: current consensus and future trends". Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B. 364 (1526): 2153–2166. doi:10.1098/rstb.2009.0053. PMC 2873021. PMID 19528062.
Yabannavar, Asha V.; Bartha, Richard (October 1994). "Methods for Assessment of Biodegradability of Plastic Films in Soil". Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 60 (10): 3608–3614. Bibcode:1994ApEnM..60.3608Y. doi:10.1128/aem.60.10.3608-3614.1994. PMC 201863. PMID 16349408.
Gerngross, Tillman U. (1999). "Can biotechnology move us toward a sustainable society?". Nature Biotechnology. 17 (6): 541–544. doi:10.1038/9843. PMID 10385316. S2CID 36258380.
Gerngross, Tillman U.; Slater, Steven C. (August 2000). "How Green are Green Plastics?". Scientific American. 283 (2): 36–41. Bibcode:2000SciAm.283b..36G. doi:10.1038/scientificamerican0800-36. JSTOR 26058824. PMID 10914397. NAID 10030850546.
Petkewich, R. (2003). "Technology Solutions: Microbes manufacture plastic from food waste". Environmental Science & Technology. 37 (9): 175A–. Bibcode:2003EnST...37..175P. doi:10.1021/es032456x. PMID 12775035.
A. Michael Sismour; Benner, Steven A. (July 2005). "Synthetic biology". Nature Reviews Genetics. 6 (7): 533–543. doi:10.1038/nrg1637. ISSN 1471-0064. PMC 7097405. PMID 15995697.
Somerville, Chris; Nawrath, Christianae; Poirier, Yves (February 1995). "Production of Polyhydroxyalkanoates, a Family of Biodegradable Plastics and Elastomers, in Bacteria and Plants". Bio/Technology. 13 (2): 142–150. doi:10.1038/nbt0295-142. ISSN 1546-1696. PMID 9634754. S2CID 1449289.
Liu, Bin (11 June 2018). "Recent Advances in Biodegradable Conducting Polymers and Their Biomedical Applications". Biomacromolecules. 19 (6): 1783–1803. doi:10.1021/acs.biomac.8b00275. PMID 29787260.
Yadid, Moran; Feiner, Ron; Dvir, Tal (18 March 2019). "Gold Nanoparticle-Integrated Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine". Nano Letters. 19 (4): 2198–2206. Bibcode:2019NanoL..19.2198Y. doi:10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b00472. PMID 30884238. S2CID 83460782.
Mao, Angelo S.; Mooney, David J. (2015-11-24). "Regenerative medicine: Current therapies and future directions". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 112 (47): 14452–14459. Bibcode:2015PNAS..11214452M. doi:10.1073/pnas.1508520112. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 4664309. PMID 26598661.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Andrady, Anthony L.; Neal, Mike A. (27 July 2009). "Applications and societal benefits of plastics". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 364 (1526): 1977–1984. doi:10.1098/rstb.2008.0304. PMC 2873019. PMID 19528050.
Song, J. H.; Murphy, R. J.; Narayan, R.; Davies, G. B. H. (2009-07-27). "Biodegradable and compostable alternatives to conventional plastics". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 364 (1526): 2127–2139. doi:10.1098/rstb.2008.0289. ISSN 0962-8436. PMC 2873018. PMID 19528060.
Tokiwa, Yutaka; Calabia, Buenaventurada; Ugwu, Charles; Aiba, Seiichi (2009-08-26). "Biodegradability of Plastics". International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 10 (9): 3722–3742. doi:10.3390/ijms10093722. ISSN 1422-0067. PMC 2769161. PMID 19865515.
Thompson, Richard C.; Moore, Charles J.; Saal, Frederick S. vom; Swan, Shanna (14 June 2009). "Plastics, the environment and human health: current consensus and future trends". Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B. 364 (1526): 2153–2166. doi:10.1098/rstb.2009.0053. PMC 2873021. PMID 19528062.
Yabannavar, Asha V.; Bartha, Richard (October 1994). "Methods for Assessment of Biodegradability of Plastic Films in Soil". Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 60 (10): 3608–3614. Bibcode:1994ApEnM..60.3608Y. doi:10.1128/aem.60.10.3608-3614.1994. PMC 201863. PMID 16349408.
A. Michael Sismour; Benner, Steven A. (July 2005). "Synthetic biology". Nature Reviews Genetics. 6 (7): 533–543. doi:10.1038/nrg1637. ISSN 1471-0064. PMC 7097405. PMID 15995697.
Mao, Angelo S.; Mooney, David J. (2015-11-24). "Regenerative medicine: Current therapies and future directions". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 112 (47): 14452–14459. Bibcode:2015PNAS..11214452M. doi:10.1073/pnas.1508520112. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 4664309. PMID 26598661.

nii.ac.jp (Global: 304^th place; English: 1,952^nd place)

ci.nii.ac.jp

Gerngross, Tillman U.; Slater, Steven C. (August 2000). "How Green are Green Plastics?". Scientific American. 283 (2): 36–41. Bibcode:2000SciAm.283b..36G. doi:10.1038/scientificamerican0800-36. JSTOR 26058824. PMID 10914397. NAID 10030850546.

phys.org (Global: 1,283^rd place; English: 1,130^th place)

"Genetic engineering increases yield of biodegradable plastic from cyanobacteria". phys.org. Retrieved 2019-08-07.

plasticsindustry.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Position Paper on Degradable Additives" (PDF). Plastics Industry Association. 2018. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2022-10-06.

scgchemicals.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"The Green Plastic "Bio-PET"". www.scgchemicals.com. Archived from the original on 2019-08-09. Retrieved 2019-08-09.

semanticscholar.org (Global: 11^th place; English: 8^th place)

api.semanticscholar.org

Taniguchi, Ikuo; Yoshida, Shosuke; Hiraga, Kazumi; Miyamoto, Kenji; Kimura, Yoshiharu; Oda, Kohei (2019). "Biodegradation of PET: Current Status and Application Aspects". ACS Catalysis. 9 (5). ACS Publications: 4089–4105. doi:10.1021/acscatal.8b05171. S2CID 145882709.
Gerngross, Tillman U. (1999). "Can biotechnology move us toward a sustainable society?". Nature Biotechnology. 17 (6): 541–544. doi:10.1038/9843. PMID 10385316. S2CID 36258380.
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