Biosignature (English Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Biosignature" in English language version.

refsWebsite

Global rank English rank

80doi.org

2^nd place

66harvard.edu

18^th place

17^th place

60nih.gov

4^th place

43semanticscholar.org

11^th place

8^th place

21arxiv.org

69^th place

59^th place

18worldcat.org

5^th place

15web.archive.org

1^st place

9nasa.gov

75^th place

83^rd place

4space.com

936^th place

713^th place

3handle.net

102^nd place

76^th place

3phys.org

1,283^rd place

1,130^th place

3caltech.edu

887^th place

714^th place

3esa.int

1,482^nd place

1,468^th place

2nap.edu

2,128^th place

1,553^rd place

2spacetelescope.org

8,860^th place

6,620^th place

2nature.com

234^th place

397^th place

2mit.edu

415^th place

327^th place

1science-dictionary.com

low place

1washingtonpost.com

34^th place

27^th place

1psu.edu

207^th place

136^th place

1cyberlipid.org

low place

1usatoday.com

41^st place

34^th place

1ucla.edu

782^nd place

585^th place

1cornellcollege.edu

low place

1waters.com

low place

1gov.sk.ca

low place

6,032^nd place

1crcpress.com

low place

9,832^nd place

1permedia.ca

low place

1nytimes.com

7^th place

1technologyreview.com

1,943^rd place

1,253^rd place

1cambridge.org

305^th place

264^th place

1eurekalert.org

3,538^th place

3,083^rd place

1wired.com

193^rd place

152^nd place

1umd.edu

1,747^th place

1,277^th place

1zenodo.org

621^st place

380^th place

1elsevier.com

610^th place

704^th place

1liebertpub.com

low place

1open.ac.uk

4,356^th place

2,724^th place

1archive.org

6^th place

1ruvr.ru

5,312^th place

low place

1excite.com

low place

9,059^th place

1jhuapl.edu

6,195^th place

5,404^th place

1usra.edu

2,838^th place

2,185^th place

1theconversation.com

928^th place

651^st place

1bbc.com

20^th place

30^th place

1spaceflightnow.com

2,930^th place

2,204^th place

1futureplanets.blogspot.com

low place

1berkeley.edu

580^th place

462^nd place

1e2tmission.wordpress.com

low place

1science.org

1,160^th place

737^th place

1swri.edu

low place

archive.org

Chambers, Paul (1999). Life on Mars; The Complete Story. London: Blandford. ISBN 0-7137-2747-0.

arxiv.org

Meadows VS, Reinhard CT, Arney GN, Parenteau MN, Schwieterman EW, Domagal-Goldman SD, et al. (June 2018). "Exoplanet Biosignatures: Understanding Oxygen as a Biosignature in the Context of Its Environment". Astrobiology. 18 (6): 630–662. arXiv:1705.07560. Bibcode:2018AsBio..18..630M. doi:10.1089/ast.2017.1727. PMC 6014580. PMID 29746149.
Luger R, Barnes R (February 2015). "Extreme water loss and abiotic O2 buildup on planets throughout the habitable zones of M dwarfs". Astrobiology. 15 (2): 119–43. arXiv:1411.7412. Bibcode:2015AsBio..15..119L. doi:10.1089/ast.2014.1231. PMC 4323125. PMID 25629240.
Wordsworth, Robin; Pierrehumbert, Raymond (1 April 2014). "Abiotic oxygen-dominated atmospheres on terrestrial habitable zone planets". The Astrophysical Journal. 785 (2): L20. arXiv:1403.2713. Bibcode:2014ApJ...785L..20W. doi:10.1088/2041-8205/785/2/L20. S2CID 17414970.
Lisse, Carey (2020). "A Geologically Robust Procedure for Observing Rocky Exoplanets to Ensure that Detection of Atmospheric Oxygen Is a Modern Earth-like Biosignature". Astrophysical Journal Letters. 898 (577): L17. arXiv:2006.07403. Bibcode:2020ApJ...898L..17L. doi:10.3847/2041-8213/ab9b91. S2CID 219687224.
Reinhard, Christopher T.; Olson, Stephanie L.; Schwieterman, Edward W.; Lyons, Timothy W. (April 2017). "False Negatives for Remote Life Detection on Ocean-Bearing Planets: Lessons from the Early Earth". Astrobiology. 17 (4): 287–297. arXiv:1702.01137. Bibcode:2017AsBio..17..287R. doi:10.1089/ast.2016.1598. PMC 5399744. PMID 28418704.
DasSarma, Shiladitya; Schwieterman, Edward W. (2018). "Early evolution of purple retinal pigments on Earth and implications for exoplanet biosignatures". International Journal of Astrobiology. 20 (3): 1–10. arXiv:1810.05150. Bibcode:2018arXiv181005150D. doi:10.1017/S1473550418000423. ISSN 1473-5504. S2CID 119341330.
Krissansen-Totton J, Schwieterman EW, Charnay B, Arney G, Robinson TD, Meadows V, Catling DC (January 2016). "Is the Pale Blue Dot unique? Optimized photometric bands for identifying Earth-like exoplanets". The Astrophysical Journal. 817 (1): 31. arXiv:1512.00502. Bibcode:2016ApJ...817...31K. doi:10.3847/0004-637X/817/1/31. S2CID 119211858.
O'Malley-James, Jack T; Kaltenegger, Lisa (2019). "Biofluorescent Worlds – II. Biological fluorescence induced by stellar UV flares, a new temporal biosignature". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 488 (4): 4530–4545. arXiv:1608.06930. Bibcode:2019MNRAS.488.4530O. doi:10.1093/mnras/stz1842. S2CID 118394043.
Brogi M, Snellen IA, de Kok RJ, Albrecht S, Birkby J, de Mooij EJ (June 2012). "The signature of orbital motion from the dayside of the planet τ Boötis b". Nature. 486 (7404): 502–4. arXiv:1206.6109. Bibcode:2012Natur.486..502B. doi:10.1038/nature11161. PMID 22739313. S2CID 4368217.
Krissansen-Totton J, Olson S, Catlig DC (24 January 2018). "Disequilibrium biosignatures over Earth history and implications for detecting exoplanet life". Science Advances. 4 (1, eaao5747): eaao5747. arXiv:1801.08211. Bibcode:2018SciA....4.5747K. doi:10.1126/sciadv.aao5747. PMC 5787383. PMID 29387792.
Arney, Giada N. (March 2019). "The K Dwarf Advantage for Biosignatures on Directly Imaged Exoplanets". The Astrophysical Journal. 873 (1): L7. arXiv:2001.10458. Bibcode:2019ApJ...873L...7A. doi:10.3847/2041-8213/ab0651. ISSN 2041-8205. S2CID 127742050.
Krissansen-Totton J, Bergsman DS, Catling DC (January 2016). "On Detecting Biospheres from Chemical Thermodynamic Disequilibrium in Planetary Atmospheres". Astrobiology. 16 (1): 39–67. arXiv:1503.08249. Bibcode:2016AsBio..16...39K. doi:10.1089/ast.2015.1327. PMID 26789355. S2CID 26959254.
Krissansen-Totton J, Arney GN, Catling DC (April 2018). "Constraining the climate and ocean pH of the early Earth with a geological carbon cycle model". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 115 (16): 4105–4110. arXiv:1804.00763. Bibcode:2018PNAS..115.4105K. doi:10.1073/pnas.1721296115. PMC 5910859. PMID 29610313.
Arney, Giada N. (March 2019). "The K Dwarf Advantage for Biosignatures on Directly Imaged Exoplanets". The Astrophysical Journal. 873 (1): L7. arXiv:2001.10458. Bibcode:2019ApJ...873L...7A. doi:10.3847/2041-8213/ab0651. ISSN 2041-8205.
Catling DC, Krissansen-Totton J, Kiang NY, Crisp D, Robinson TD, DasSarma S, et al. (June 2018). "Exoplanet Biosignatures: A Framework for Their Assessment". Astrobiology. 18 (6): 709–738. arXiv:1705.06381. Bibcode:2018AsBio..18..709C. doi:10.1089/ast.2017.1737. PMC 6049621. PMID 29676932.
Sholes SF, Krissansen-Totton J, Catling DC (May 2019). "2 as Potential Antibiosignatures". Astrobiology. 19 (5): 655–668. arXiv:1811.08501. Bibcode:2019AsBio..19..655S. doi:10.1089/ast.2018.1835. PMID 30950631. S2CID 96435170.
MacKenzie SM, Caswell TE, Phillips-Lander CM, Stavros EN, Hofgartner JD, Sun VZ, Powell KE, Steuer CJ, O'Rourke JG, Dhaliwal JK, Leung CW (2016-09-15). "THEO concept mission: Testing the Habitability of Enceladus's Ocean". Advances in Space Research. 58 (6): 1117–1137. arXiv:1605.00579. Bibcode:2016AdSpR..58.1117M. doi:10.1016/j.asr.2016.05.037. ISSN 0273-1177. S2CID 119112894.
Anglada-Escudé, Guillem; Amado, Pedro J.; Barnes, John; et al. (2016). "A terrestrial planet candidate in a temperate orbit around Proxima Centauri". Nature. 536 (7617): 437–440. arXiv:1609.03449. Bibcode:2016Natur.536..437A. doi:10.1038/nature19106. PMID 27558064. S2CID 4451513.
Meadows VS, Arney GN, Schwieterman EW, Lustig-Yaeger J, Lincowski AP, Robinson T, et al. (February 2018). "The Habitability of Proxima Centauri b: Environmental States and Observational Discriminants". Astrobiology. 18 (2): 133–189. arXiv:1608.08620. Bibcode:2018AsBio..18..133M. doi:10.1089/ast.2016.1589. PMC 5820795. PMID 29431479.
Lincowski AP, Meadows VS, Lustig-Yaeger J (2019-05-17). "The Detectability and Characterization of the TRAPPIST-1 Exoplanet Atmospheres with JWST". The Astronomical Journal. 158 (1): 27. arXiv:1905.07070v1. Bibcode:2019AJ....158...27L. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/ab21e0. S2CID 158046684.
Crossfield IJ (2016-04-21). "Exoplanet Atmospheres and Giant Ground-Based Telescopes". arXiv:1604.06458v1 [astro-ph.IM].

bbc.com

Amos, Jonathan (2014-04-03). "Saturn moon hides 'great lake'". Retrieved 2019-06-07.

berkeley.edu

eoa.ssl.berkeley.edu

"EOA – Enceladus Organic Analyzer". Retrieved 2019-06-07.

caltech.edu

authors.library.caltech.edu

Webster CR, Mahaffy PR, Atreya SK, Flesch GJ, Mischna MA, Meslin PY, et al. (January 2015). "Mars atmosphere. Mars methane detection and variability at Gale crater" (PDF). Science. 347 (6220): 415–7. Bibcode:2015Sci...347..415W. doi:10.1126/science.1261713. PMID 25515120. S2CID 20304810.
Porco CC, Helfenstein P, Thomas PC, Ingersoll AP, Wisdom J, West R, et al. (March 2006). "Cassini observes the active south pole of Enceladus" (PDF). Science. 311 (5766): 1393–401. Bibcode:2006Sci...311.1393P. doi:10.1126/science.1123013. PMID 16527964. S2CID 6976648.
Iess, L.; Stevenson, D. J.; Parisi, M.; Hemingway, D.; Jacobson, R.A.; Lunine, Jonathan I.; Nimmo, F.; Armstrong, J. W.; Asmar, S. W.; Ducci, M.; Tortora, P. (April 4, 2014). "The Gravity Field and Interior Structure of Enceladus" (PDF). Science. 344 (6179): 78–80. Bibcode:2014Sci...344...78I. doi:10.1126/science.1250551. PMID 24700854. S2CID 28990283.

cambridge.org

DasSarma, Shiladitya; Schwieterman, Edward W. (2018). "Early evolution of purple retinal pigments on Earth and implications for exoplanet biosignatures". International Journal of Astrobiology. 20 (3): 1–10. arXiv:1810.05150. Bibcode:2018arXiv181005150D. doi:10.1017/S1473550418000423. ISSN 1473-5504. S2CID 119341330.

cornellcollege.edu

Schopf JW, Kudryavtsev AB, Czaja AD, Tripathi AB (28 April 2007). "Evidence of Archean life: Stromatolites and microfossils" (PDF). Precambrian Research. 158 (3–4): 141–155. Bibcode:2007PreR..158..141S. doi:10.1016/j.precamres.2007.04.009. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-12-24. Retrieved 2013-01-15.

crcpress.com

Niessen, Wilfried M.A. (2001). Current Practice of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (1 ed.). pp. 55–94.

cyberlipid.org

"Fatty alcohols". Archived from the original on 2012-06-25. Retrieved 2006-04-01.

doi.org

Summons RE, Amend JP, Bish D, Buick R, Cody GD, Des Marais DJ, et al. (March 2011). "Preservation of martian organic and environmental records: final report of the Mars biosignature working group" (PDF). Astrobiology. 11 (2): 157–81. Bibcode:2011AsBio..11..157S. doi:10.1089/ast.2010.0506. hdl:1721.1/66519. PMID 21417945. S2CID 9963677. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2019-11-28. Retrieved 2013-06-22.
Domagal-Goldman SD, Meadows VS, Claire MW, Kasting JF (June 2011). "Using biogenic sulfur gases as remotely detectable biosignatures on anoxic planets". Astrobiology. 11 (5): 419–41. Bibcode:2011AsBio..11..419D. doi:10.1089/ast.2010.0509. PMC 3133782. PMID 21663401.
Seager S, Schrenk M, Bains W (January 2012). "An astrophysical view of Earth-based metabolic biosignature gases". Astrobiology. 12 (1): 61–82. Bibcode:2012AsBio..12...61S. doi:10.1089/ast.2010.0489. hdl:1721.1/73073. PMID 22269061. S2CID 18142901.
Meadows VS (October 2017). "2 as a Biosignature in Exoplanetary Atmospheres". Astrobiology. 17 (10): 1022–1052. doi:10.1089/ast.2016.1578. PMC 5655594. PMID 28443722.
Meadows VS, Reinhard CT, Arney GN, Parenteau MN, Schwieterman EW, Domagal-Goldman SD, et al. (June 2018). "Exoplanet Biosignatures: Understanding Oxygen as a Biosignature in the Context of Its Environment". Astrobiology. 18 (6): 630–662. arXiv:1705.07560. Bibcode:2018AsBio..18..630M. doi:10.1089/ast.2017.1727. PMC 6014580. PMID 29746149.
Ver Eecke HC, Butterfield DA, Huber JA, Lilley MD, Olson EJ, Roe KK, et al. (August 2012). "Hydrogen-limited growth of hyperthermophilic methanogens at deep-sea hydrothermal vents". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 109 (34): 13674–9. Bibcode:2012PNAS..10913674V. doi:10.1073/pnas.1206632109. PMC 3427048. PMID 22869718.
Szostak J (May 2018). "How Did Life Begin?". Nature. 557 (7704): S13–S15. Bibcode:2018Natur.557S..13S. doi:10.1038/d41586-018-05098-w. PMID 29743709.
Ward, Colin R.; Walter, Malcolm R.; Campbell, Kathleen A.; Kranendonk, Martin J. Van; Djokic, Tara (2017-05-09). "Earliest signs of life on land preserved in ca. 3.5 Ga hot spring deposits". Nature Communications. 8: 15263. Bibcode:2017NatCo...815263D. doi:10.1038/ncomms15263. ISSN 2041-1723. PMC 5436104. PMID 28486437.
Luger R, Barnes R (February 2015). "Extreme water loss and abiotic O2 buildup on planets throughout the habitable zones of M dwarfs". Astrobiology. 15 (2): 119–43. arXiv:1411.7412. Bibcode:2015AsBio..15..119L. doi:10.1089/ast.2014.1231. PMC 4323125. PMID 25629240.
Wordsworth, Robin; Pierrehumbert, Raymond (1 April 2014). "Abiotic oxygen-dominated atmospheres on terrestrial habitable zone planets". The Astrophysical Journal. 785 (2): L20. arXiv:1403.2713. Bibcode:2014ApJ...785L..20W. doi:10.1088/2041-8205/785/2/L20. S2CID 17414970.
Lisse, Carey (2020). "A Geologically Robust Procedure for Observing Rocky Exoplanets to Ensure that Detection of Atmospheric Oxygen Is a Modern Earth-like Biosignature". Astrophysical Journal Letters. 898 (577): L17. arXiv:2006.07403. Bibcode:2020ApJ...898L..17L. doi:10.3847/2041-8213/ab9b91. S2CID 219687224.
Reinhard, Christopher T.; Olson, Stephanie L.; Schwieterman, Edward W.; Lyons, Timothy W. (April 2017). "False Negatives for Remote Life Detection on Ocean-Bearing Planets: Lessons from the Early Earth". Astrobiology. 17 (4): 287–297. arXiv:1702.01137. Bibcode:2017AsBio..17..287R. doi:10.1089/ast.2016.1598. PMC 5399744. PMID 28418704.
Beegle LW, Wilson MG, Abilleira F, Jordan JF, Wilson GR (August 2007). "A concept for NASA's Mars 2016 astrobiology field laboratory". Astrobiology. 7 (4): 545–77. Bibcode:2007AsBio...7..545B. doi:10.1089/ast.2007.0153. PMID 17723090. S2CID 7127896.
Bosak, Tanja; Souza-Egipsy, Virginia; Corsetti, Frank A.; Newman, Dianne K. (2004). "Micrometer-scale porosity as a biosignature in carbonate crusts". Geology. 32 (9): 781. Bibcode:2004Geo....32..781B. doi:10.1130/G20681.1.
McKay DS, Gibson EK, Thomas-Keprta KL, Vali H, Romanek CS, Clemett SJ, et al. (August 1996). "Search for past life on Mars: possible relic biogenic activity in martian meteorite ALH84001". Science. 273 (5277): 924–30. Bibcode:1996Sci...273..924M. doi:10.1126/science.273.5277.924. PMID 8688069. S2CID 40690489.
Friedmann EI, Wierzchos J, Ascaso C, Winklhofer M (February 2001). "Chains of magnetite crystals in the meteorite ALH84001: evidence of biological origin". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 98 (5): 2176–81. doi:10.1073/pnas.051514698. PMC 30112. PMID 11226212.
Thomas-Keprta KL, Clemett SJ, Bazylinski DA, Kirschvink JL, McKay DS, Wentworth SJ, et al. (February 2001). "Truncated hexa-octahedral magnetite crystals in ALH84001: presumptive biosignatures". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 98 (5): 2164–9. doi:10.1073/pnas.051500898. PMC 30110. PMID 11226210.
McSween HY (2019), "The Search for Biosignatures in Martian Meteorite Allan Hills 84001", in Cavalazzi B, Westall F (eds.), Biosignatures for Astrobiology, Advances in Astrobiology and Biogeophysics, Springer International Publishing, pp. 167–182, doi:10.1007/978-3-319-96175-0_8, ISBN 978-3-319-96175-0, S2CID 186696892
Garcia-Ruiz JM (December 30, 1999). "Morphological behavior of inorganic precipitation systems – Instruments, Methods, and Missions for Astrobiology II". SPIE Proceedings. Instruments, Methods, and Missions for Astrobiology II. Proc. SPIE 3755: 74. doi:10.1117/12.375088. S2CID 84764520. It is concluded that "morphology cannot be used unambiguously as a tool for primitive life detection".
Schopf JW, Kudryavtsev AB, Czaja AD, Tripathi AB (28 April 2007). "Evidence of Archean life: Stromatolites and microfossils" (PDF). Precambrian Research. 158 (3–4): 141–155. Bibcode:2007PreR..158..141S. doi:10.1016/j.precamres.2007.04.009. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-12-24. Retrieved 2013-01-15.
Chosson, P; Lanau, C; Connan, J; Dessort, D (1991). "Biodegradation of refractory hydrocarbon biomarkers from petroleum under laboratory conditions". Nature. 351 (6328): 640–642. Bibcode:1991Natur.351..640C. doi:10.1038/351640a0. PMID 2052089. S2CID 4305795.
Head, Ian M.; Jones, Martin; Larter, Steve R. (2003). "Biological activity in the deep subsurface and the origin of heavy oil" (PDF). Nature. 426 (6964): 344–352. Bibcode:2003Natur.426..344H. doi:10.1038/nature02134. PMID 14628064. S2CID 4372154.
Bieger, Tilman; Hellou, Jocelyne; Abrajano Jr., Teofilou A. (1996). "Petroleum biomarkers as tracers of lubricating oil contamination". Marine Pollution Bulletin. 32 (2): 270–274. Bibcode:1996MarPB..32..270B. doi:10.1016/0025-326X(95)00151-C.
Ratnayake, Amila Sandaruwan; Sampei, Yoshikazu (2019-06-01). "Organic geochemical evaluation of contamination tracers in deepwater well rock cuttings from the Mannar Basin, Sri Lanka". Journal of Petroleum Exploration and Production Technology. 9 (2): 989–996. doi:10.1007/s13202-018-0575-8. ISSN 2190-0566.
Seager S, Bains W, Petkowski JJ (June 2016). "Toward a List of Molecules as Potential Biosignature Gases for the Search for Life on Exoplanets and Applications to Terrestrial Biochemistry" (PDF). Astrobiology. 16 (6): 465–85. Bibcode:2016AsBio..16..465S. doi:10.1089/ast.2015.1404. hdl:1721.1/109943. PMID 27096351. S2CID 4350250.
DasSarma, Shiladitya; Schwieterman, Edward W. (2018). "Early evolution of purple retinal pigments on Earth and implications for exoplanet biosignatures". International Journal of Astrobiology. 20 (3): 1–10. arXiv:1810.05150. Bibcode:2018arXiv181005150D. doi:10.1017/S1473550418000423. ISSN 1473-5504. S2CID 119341330.
Berdyugina SV, Kuhn J, Harrington D, Santl-Temkiv T, Messersmith EJ (January 2016). "Remote sensing of life: polarimetric signatures of photosynthetic pigments as sensitive biomarkers". International Journal of Astrobiology. 15 (1): 45–56. Bibcode:2016IJAsB..15...45B. doi:10.1017/S1473550415000129.
Hegde S, Paulino-Lima IG, Kent R, Kaltenegger L, Rothschild L (March 2015). "Surface biosignatures of exo-earths: remote detection of extraterrestrial life". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 112 (13): 3886–91. Bibcode:2015PNAS..112.3886H. doi:10.1073/pnas.1421237112. PMC 4386386. PMID 25775594.
Claudi, R.; Erculiani, M. S.; Galletta, G.; Billi, D.; Pace, E.; Schierano, D.; Giro, E.; D'Alessandro, M. (20 May 2015). "Simulating super earth atmospheres in the laboratory". International Journal of Astrobiology. 15 (1): 35–44. doi:10.1017/S1473550415000117. S2CID 125008098.
Krissansen-Totton J, Schwieterman EW, Charnay B, Arney G, Robinson TD, Meadows V, Catling DC (January 2016). "Is the Pale Blue Dot unique? Optimized photometric bands for identifying Earth-like exoplanets". The Astrophysical Journal. 817 (1): 31. arXiv:1512.00502. Bibcode:2016ApJ...817...31K. doi:10.3847/0004-637X/817/1/31. S2CID 119211858.
O'Malley-James, Jack T; Kaltenegger, Lisa (2019). "Biofluorescent Worlds – II. Biological fluorescence induced by stellar UV flares, a new temporal biosignature". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 488 (4): 4530–4545. arXiv:1608.06930. Bibcode:2019MNRAS.488.4530O. doi:10.1093/mnras/stz1842. S2CID 118394043.
Brogi M, Snellen IA, de Kok RJ, Albrecht S, Birkby J, de Mooij EJ (June 2012). "The signature of orbital motion from the dayside of the planet τ Boötis b". Nature. 486 (7404): 502–4. arXiv:1206.6109. Bibcode:2012Natur.486..502B. doi:10.1038/nature11161. PMID 22739313. S2CID 4368217.
Krissansen-Totton J, Olson S, Catlig DC (24 January 2018). "Disequilibrium biosignatures over Earth history and implications for detecting exoplanet life". Science Advances. 4 (1, eaao5747): eaao5747. arXiv:1801.08211. Bibcode:2018SciA....4.5747K. doi:10.1126/sciadv.aao5747. PMC 5787383. PMID 29387792.
Arney, Giada N. (March 2019). "The K Dwarf Advantage for Biosignatures on Directly Imaged Exoplanets". The Astrophysical Journal. 873 (1): L7. arXiv:2001.10458. Bibcode:2019ApJ...873L...7A. doi:10.3847/2041-8213/ab0651. ISSN 2041-8205. S2CID 127742050.
Lovelock JE (August 1965). "A physical basis for life detection experiments". Nature. 207 (997): 568–70. Bibcode:1965Natur.207..568L. doi:10.1038/207568a0. PMID 5883628. S2CID 33821197.
Hitchcock DR, Lovelock JE (1967-01-01). "Life detection by atmospheric analysis". Icarus. 7 (1): 149–159. Bibcode:1967Icar....7..149H. doi:10.1016/0019-1035(67)90059-0. ISSN 0019-1035.
Krissansen-Totton J, Bergsman DS, Catling DC (January 2016). "On Detecting Biospheres from Chemical Thermodynamic Disequilibrium in Planetary Atmospheres". Astrobiology. 16 (1): 39–67. arXiv:1503.08249. Bibcode:2016AsBio..16...39K. doi:10.1089/ast.2015.1327. PMID 26789355. S2CID 26959254.
Lovelock James Ephraim; Kaplan I. R.; Pirie Norman Wingate (1975-05-06). "Thermodynamics and the recognition of alien biospheres". Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B. Biological Sciences. 189 (1095): 167–181. Bibcode:1975RSPSB.189..167L. doi:10.1098/rspb.1975.0051. S2CID 129105448.
Krissansen-Totton J, Arney GN, Catling DC (April 2018). "Constraining the climate and ocean pH of the early Earth with a geological carbon cycle model". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 115 (16): 4105–4110. arXiv:1804.00763. Bibcode:2018PNAS..115.4105K. doi:10.1073/pnas.1721296115. PMC 5910859. PMID 29610313.
Arney, Giada N. (March 2019). "The K Dwarf Advantage for Biosignatures on Directly Imaged Exoplanets". The Astrophysical Journal. 873 (1): L7. arXiv:2001.10458. Bibcode:2019ApJ...873L...7A. doi:10.3847/2041-8213/ab0651. ISSN 2041-8205.
Benner SA (December 2010). "Defining life". Astrobiology. 10 (10): 1021–30. Bibcode:2010AsBio..10.1021B. doi:10.1089/ast.2010.0524. PMC 3005285. PMID 21162682.
National Academies Of Sciences Engineering; Division on Engineering Physical Sciences; Space Studies Board; Committee on Astrobiology Science Strategy for the Search for Life in the Universe (2019). Read "An Astrobiology Strategy for the Search for Life in the Universe" at NAP.edu. doi:10.17226/25252. ISBN 978-0-309-48416-9. PMID 30986006. S2CID 243600456.
Zahnle K, Freedman RS, Catling DC (2011-04-01). "Is there methane on Mars?". Icarus. 212 (2): 493–503. Bibcode:2011Icar..212..493Z. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2010.11.027. ISSN 0019-1035.
Benner, Steven A.; Hutter, Daniel (2002-02-01). "Phosphates, DNA, and the Search for Nonterrean Life: A Second Generation Model for Genetic Molecules". Bioorganic Chemistry. 30 (1): 62–80. doi:10.1006/bioo.2001.1232.
Špaček, Jan; Benner, Steven A. (2022-10-01). "Agnostic Life Finder (ALF) for Large-Scale Screening of Martian Life During In Situ Refueling". Astrobiology. 22 (10): 1255–1263. doi:10.1089/ast.2021.0070. ISSN 1531-1074.
Benner, Steven A. (2017). "Detecting Darwinism from Molecules in the Enceladus Plumes, Jupiter's Moons, and Other Planetary Water Lagoons". Astrobiology. 17 (9): 840–851. doi:10.1089/ast.2016.1611. ISSN 1531-1074. PMC 5610385.
Sutton, Mark A.; Burton, Aaron S.; Zaikova, Elena; Sutton, Ryan E.; Brinckerhoff, William B.; Bevilacqua, Julie G.; Weng, Margaret M.; Mumma, Michael J.; Johnson, Sarah Stewart (2019-03-29). "Radiation Tolerance of Nanopore Sequencing Technology for Life Detection on Mars and Europa". Scientific Reports. 9 (1). doi:10.1038/s41598-019-41488-4. ISSN 2045-2322. PMC 6441015.
Krasnopolsky VA, Maillard JP, Owen TC (2004-12-01). "Detection of methane in the martian atmosphere: evidence for life?". Icarus. 172 (2): 537–547. Bibcode:2004Icar..172..537K. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2004.07.004. ISSN 0019-1035.
Formisano V, Atreya S, Encrenaz T, Ignatiev N, Giuranna M (December 2004). "Detection of methane in the atmosphere of Mars". Science. 306 (5702): 1758–61. Bibcode:2004Sci...306.1758F. doi:10.1126/science.1101732. PMID 15514118. S2CID 13533388.
Mumma MJ, Villanueva GL, Novak RE, Hewagama T, Bonev BP, Disanti MA, et al. (February 2009). "Strong release of methane on Mars in northern summer 2003". Science. 323 (5917): 1041–5. Bibcode:2009Sci...323.1041M. doi:10.1126/science.1165243. PMID 19150811. S2CID 25083438.
Krasnopolsky VA (2012-01-01). "Search for methane and upper limits to ethane and SO2 on Mars". Icarus. 217 (1): 144–152. Bibcode:2012Icar..217..144K. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2011.10.019. ISSN 0019-1035.
Webster CR, Mahaffy PR, Atreya SK, Flesch GJ, Mischna MA, Meslin PY, et al. (January 2015). "Mars atmosphere. Mars methane detection and variability at Gale crater" (PDF). Science. 347 (6220): 415–7. Bibcode:2015Sci...347..415W. doi:10.1126/science.1261713. PMID 25515120. S2CID 20304810.
Amoroso M, Merritt D, Parra JM, Cardesín-Moinelo A, Aoki S, Wolkenberg P, Alessandro Aronica, Formisano V, Oehler D (May 2019). "Independent confirmation of a methane spike on Mars and a source region east of Gale Crater". Nature Geoscience. 12 (5): 326–332. Bibcode:2019NatGe..12..326G. doi:10.1038/s41561-019-0331-9. ISSN 1752-0908. S2CID 134110253.
Webster CR, Mahaffy PR, Atreya SK, Moores JE, Flesch GJ, Malespin C, et al. (June 2018). "Background levels of methane in Mars' atmosphere show strong seasonal variations". Science. 360 (6393): 1093–1096. Bibcode:2018Sci...360.1093W. doi:10.1126/science.aaq0131. PMID 29880682.
Mumma MJ, Villanueva GL, Novak RE, Hewagama T, Bonev BP, Disanti MA, et al. (February 2009). "Strong release of methane on Mars in northern summer 2003". Science. 323 (5917): 1041–5. Bibcode:2009Sci...323.1041M. doi:10.1126/science.1165243. PMID 19150811. S2CID 25083438.
Korablev O, Vandaele AC, Montmessin F, Fedorova AA, Trokhimovskiy A, Forget F, et al. (April 2019). "No detection of methane on Mars from early ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter observations" (PDF). Nature. 568 (7753): 517–520. Bibcode:2019Natur.568..517K. doi:10.1038/s41586-019-1096-4. PMID 30971829. S2CID 106411228.
Catling DC, Krissansen-Totton J, Kiang NY, Crisp D, Robinson TD, DasSarma S, et al. (June 2018). "Exoplanet Biosignatures: A Framework for Their Assessment". Astrobiology. 18 (6): 709–738. arXiv:1705.06381. Bibcode:2018AsBio..18..709C. doi:10.1089/ast.2017.1737. PMC 6049621. PMID 29676932.
Wang Y, Tian F, Li T, Hu Y (2016-03-01). "On the detection of carbon monoxide as an anti-biosignature in exoplanetary atmospheres". Icarus. 266: 15–23. Bibcode:2016Icar..266...15W. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2015.11.010. ISSN 0019-1035.
Sholes SF, Krissansen-Totton J, Catling DC (May 2019). "2 as Potential Antibiosignatures". Astrobiology. 19 (5): 655–668. arXiv:1811.08501. Bibcode:2019AsBio..19..655S. doi:10.1089/ast.2018.1835. PMID 30950631. S2CID 96435170.
Klein HP, Horowitz NH, Levin GV, Oyama VI, Lederberg J, Rich A, et al. (October 1976). "The viking biological investigation: preliminary results". Science. 194 (4260): 99–105. Bibcode:1976Sci...194...99K. doi:10.1126/science.194.4260.99. PMID 17793090. S2CID 24957458.
Fortes AD (2000-08-01). "Exobiological Implications of a Possible Ammonia–Water Ocean inside Titan". Icarus. 146 (2): 444–452. Bibcode:2000Icar..146..444F. doi:10.1006/icar.2000.6400. ISSN 0019-1035.
Grasset O, Sotin C, Deschamps F (2000-06-01). "On the internal structure and dynamics of Titan". Planetary and Space Science. 48 (7): 617–636. Bibcode:2000P&SS...48..617G. doi:10.1016/S0032-0633(00)00039-8. ISSN 0032-0633.
Gudipati MS, Jacovi R, Couturier-Tamburelli I, Lignell A, Allen M (2013-04-03). "Photochemical activity of Titan's low-altitude condensed haze". Nature Communications. 4: 1648. Bibcode:2013NatCo...4.1648G. doi:10.1038/ncomms2649. PMID 23552063.
Smith BA, Soderblom LA, Johnson TV, Ingersoll AP, Collins SA, Shoemaker EM, et al. (June 1979). "The jupiter system through the eyes of voyager 1". Science. 204 (4396): 951–72. Bibcode:1979Sci...204..951S. doi:10.1126/science.204.4396.951. PMID 17800430. S2CID 33147728.
Kivelson MG, Khurana KK, Russell CT, Volwerk M, Walker RJ, Zimmer C (August 2000). "Galileo magnetometer measurements: a stronger case for a subsurface ocean at Europa". Science. 289 (5483): 1340–3. Bibcode:2000Sci...289.1340K. doi:10.1126/science.289.5483.1340. PMID 10958778. S2CID 44381312.
Phillips CB, Pappalardo RT (2014-05-20). "Europa Clipper Mission Concept: Exploring Jupiter's Ocean Moon". Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union. 95 (20): 165–167. Bibcode:2014EOSTr..95..165P. doi:10.1002/2014EO200002.
Porco CC, Helfenstein P, Thomas PC, Ingersoll AP, Wisdom J, West R, et al. (March 2006). "Cassini observes the active south pole of Enceladus" (PDF). Science. 311 (5766): 1393–401. Bibcode:2006Sci...311.1393P. doi:10.1126/science.1123013. PMID 16527964. S2CID 6976648.
Postberg F, Schmidt J, Hillier J, Kempf S, Srama R (June 2011). "A salt-water reservoir as the source of a compositionally stratified plume on Enceladus". Nature. 474 (7353): 620–2. Bibcode:2011Natur.474..620P. doi:10.1038/nature10175. PMID 21697830. S2CID 4400807.
Witze, Alexandra (2014). "Icy Enceladus hides a watery ocean". Nature News. doi:10.1038/nature.2014.14985. S2CID 131145017.
Iess, L.; Stevenson, D. J.; Parisi, M.; Hemingway, D.; Jacobson, R.A.; Lunine, Jonathan I.; Nimmo, F.; Armstrong, J. W.; Asmar, S. W.; Ducci, M.; Tortora, P. (April 4, 2014). "The Gravity Field and Interior Structure of Enceladus" (PDF). Science. 344 (6179): 78–80. Bibcode:2014Sci...344...78I. doi:10.1126/science.1250551. PMID 24700854. S2CID 28990283.
Reh, K.; Spilker, L.; Lunine, Jonathan I.; Waite Jr., Jack Hunter; Cable, M. L.; Postberg, Frank; Clark, K. (March 2016). "Enceladus Life Finder: The search for life in a habitable Moon". 2016 IEEE Aerospace Conference. pp. 1–8. doi:10.1109/AERO.2016.7500813. ISBN 978-1-4673-7676-1. S2CID 22950150.
Konstantinidis, Konstantinos; Flores Martinez, Claudio L.; Dachwald, Bernd; Ohndorf, Andreas; Dykta, Paul; Bowitz, Pascal; Rudolph, Martin; Digel, Ilya; Kowalski, Julia; Voigt, Konstantin; Förstner, Roger (January 2015). "A lander mission to probe subglacial water on Saturn׳s moon Enceladus for life". Acta Astronautica. 106: 63–89. Bibcode:2015AcAau.106...63K. doi:10.1016/j.actaastro.2014.09.012.
Tsou P, Brownlee DE, McKay CP, Anbar AD, Yano H, Altwegg K, et al. (August 2012). "LIFE: Life Investigation For Enceladus A Sample Return Mission Concept in Search for Evidence of Life". Astrobiology. 12 (8): 730–42. Bibcode:2012AsBio..12..730T. doi:10.1089/ast.2011.0813. PMID 22970863. S2CID 34375065.
MacKenzie SM, Caswell TE, Phillips-Lander CM, Stavros EN, Hofgartner JD, Sun VZ, Powell KE, Steuer CJ, O'Rourke JG, Dhaliwal JK, Leung CW (2016-09-15). "THEO concept mission: Testing the Habitability of Enceladus's Ocean". Advances in Space Research. 58 (6): 1117–1137. arXiv:1605.00579. Bibcode:2016AdSpR..58.1117M. doi:10.1016/j.asr.2016.05.037. ISSN 0273-1177. S2CID 119112894.
Sherwood B (2016-09-01). "Strategic map for exploring the ocean-world Enceladus". Acta Astronautica. Space Flight Safety. 126: 52–58. Bibcode:2016AcAau.126...52S. doi:10.1016/j.actaastro.2016.04.013. ISSN 0094-5765. S2CID 112827329.
Anglada-Escudé, Guillem; Amado, Pedro J.; Barnes, John; et al. (2016). "A terrestrial planet candidate in a temperate orbit around Proxima Centauri". Nature. 536 (7617): 437–440. arXiv:1609.03449. Bibcode:2016Natur.536..437A. doi:10.1038/nature19106. PMID 27558064. S2CID 4451513.
Meadows VS, Arney GN, Schwieterman EW, Lustig-Yaeger J, Lincowski AP, Robinson T, et al. (February 2018). "The Habitability of Proxima Centauri b: Environmental States and Observational Discriminants". Astrobiology. 18 (2): 133–189. arXiv:1608.08620. Bibcode:2018AsBio..18..133M. doi:10.1089/ast.2016.1589. PMC 5820795. PMID 29431479.
Lincowski AP, Meadows VS, Lustig-Yaeger J (2019-05-17). "The Detectability and Characterization of the TRAPPIST-1 Exoplanet Atmospheres with JWST". The Astronomical Journal. 158 (1): 27. arXiv:1905.07070v1. Bibcode:2019AJ....158...27L. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/ab21e0. S2CID 158046684.

dx.doi.org

Benner, Steven A. (2017). "Detecting Darwinism from Molecules in the Enceladus Plumes, Jupiter's Moons, and Other Planetary Water Lagoons". Astrobiology. 17 (9): 840–851. doi:10.1089/ast.2016.1611. ISSN 1531-1074. PMC 5610385.
Sutton, Mark A.; Burton, Aaron S.; Zaikova, Elena; Sutton, Ryan E.; Brinckerhoff, William B.; Bevilacqua, Julie G.; Weng, Margaret M.; Mumma, Michael J.; Johnson, Sarah Stewart (2019-03-29). "Radiation Tolerance of Nanopore Sequencing Technology for Life Detection on Mars and Europa". Scientific Reports. 9 (1). doi:10.1038/s41598-019-41488-4. ISSN 2045-2322. PMC 6441015.

e2tmission.wordpress.com

"E2T - Explorer of Enceladus and Titan". E2T - Explorer of Enceladus and Titan. Retrieved 2019-06-07.

elsevier.com

linkinghub.elsevier.com

Benner, Steven A.; Hutter, Daniel (2002-02-01). "Phosphates, DNA, and the Search for Nonterrean Life: A Second Generation Model for Genetic Molecules". Bioorganic Chemistry. 30 (1): 62–80. doi:10.1006/bioo.2001.1232.

esa.int

ExoMars rover
"Enceladus rains water onto Saturn". European Space Agency. 26 July 2011. Retrieved 2019-06-07.
"Cassini samples the icy spray of Enceladus' water plumes". European Space Agency. 22 June 2011. Retrieved 2019-06-07.

eurekalert.org

Cornell University (13 August 2019). "Fluorescent glow may reveal hidden life in the cosmos". EurekAlert!. Retrieved 13 August 2019.

excite.com

apnews.excite.com

Chang, Alicia (July 9, 2013). "Panel: Next Mars rover should gather rocks, soil". Associated Press. Retrieved July 12, 2013.

futureplanets.blogspot.com

"Future Planetary Exploration: Proposed New Frontiers Missions". Future Planetary Exploration. 2017-08-04. Archived from the original on 2017-09-20. Retrieved 2019-06-07.

gov.sk.ca

publications.gov.sk.ca

Osadetz, K.G; Pasadakis, N.; Obermajer, M. (2002). "Definition and characterization of petroleum compositional families using principal component analysis of gasoline and saturate fraction composition ratios" (PDF). Energy and Resources. 1: 3–14.

handle.net

hdl.handle.net

Summons RE, Amend JP, Bish D, Buick R, Cody GD, Des Marais DJ, et al. (March 2011). "Preservation of martian organic and environmental records: final report of the Mars biosignature working group" (PDF). Astrobiology. 11 (2): 157–81. Bibcode:2011AsBio..11..157S. doi:10.1089/ast.2010.0506. hdl:1721.1/66519. PMID 21417945. S2CID 9963677. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2019-11-28. Retrieved 2013-06-22.
Seager S, Schrenk M, Bains W (January 2012). "An astrophysical view of Earth-based metabolic biosignature gases". Astrobiology. 12 (1): 61–82. Bibcode:2012AsBio..12...61S. doi:10.1089/ast.2010.0489. hdl:1721.1/73073. PMID 22269061. S2CID 18142901.
Seager S, Bains W, Petkowski JJ (June 2016). "Toward a List of Molecules as Potential Biosignature Gases for the Search for Life on Exoplanets and Applications to Terrestrial Biochemistry" (PDF). Astrobiology. 16 (6): 465–85. Bibcode:2016AsBio..16..465S. doi:10.1089/ast.2015.1404. hdl:1721.1/109943. PMID 27096351. S2CID 4350250.

harvard.edu

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Summons RE, Amend JP, Bish D, Buick R, Cody GD, Des Marais DJ, et al. (March 2011). "Preservation of martian organic and environmental records: final report of the Mars biosignature working group" (PDF). Astrobiology. 11 (2): 157–81. Bibcode:2011AsBio..11..157S. doi:10.1089/ast.2010.0506. hdl:1721.1/66519. PMID 21417945. S2CID 9963677. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2019-11-28. Retrieved 2013-06-22.
Domagal-Goldman SD, Meadows VS, Claire MW, Kasting JF (June 2011). "Using biogenic sulfur gases as remotely detectable biosignatures on anoxic planets". Astrobiology. 11 (5): 419–41. Bibcode:2011AsBio..11..419D. doi:10.1089/ast.2010.0509. PMC 3133782. PMID 21663401.
Seager S, Schrenk M, Bains W (January 2012). "An astrophysical view of Earth-based metabolic biosignature gases". Astrobiology. 12 (1): 61–82. Bibcode:2012AsBio..12...61S. doi:10.1089/ast.2010.0489. hdl:1721.1/73073. PMID 22269061. S2CID 18142901.
Meadows VS, Reinhard CT, Arney GN, Parenteau MN, Schwieterman EW, Domagal-Goldman SD, et al. (June 2018). "Exoplanet Biosignatures: Understanding Oxygen as a Biosignature in the Context of Its Environment". Astrobiology. 18 (6): 630–662. arXiv:1705.07560. Bibcode:2018AsBio..18..630M. doi:10.1089/ast.2017.1727. PMC 6014580. PMID 29746149.
Ver Eecke HC, Butterfield DA, Huber JA, Lilley MD, Olson EJ, Roe KK, et al. (August 2012). "Hydrogen-limited growth of hyperthermophilic methanogens at deep-sea hydrothermal vents". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 109 (34): 13674–9. Bibcode:2012PNAS..10913674V. doi:10.1073/pnas.1206632109. PMC 3427048. PMID 22869718.
Szostak J (May 2018). "How Did Life Begin?". Nature. 557 (7704): S13–S15. Bibcode:2018Natur.557S..13S. doi:10.1038/d41586-018-05098-w. PMID 29743709.
Ward, Colin R.; Walter, Malcolm R.; Campbell, Kathleen A.; Kranendonk, Martin J. Van; Djokic, Tara (2017-05-09). "Earliest signs of life on land preserved in ca. 3.5 Ga hot spring deposits". Nature Communications. 8: 15263. Bibcode:2017NatCo...815263D. doi:10.1038/ncomms15263. ISSN 2041-1723. PMC 5436104. PMID 28486437.
Luger R, Barnes R (February 2015). "Extreme water loss and abiotic O2 buildup on planets throughout the habitable zones of M dwarfs". Astrobiology. 15 (2): 119–43. arXiv:1411.7412. Bibcode:2015AsBio..15..119L. doi:10.1089/ast.2014.1231. PMC 4323125. PMID 25629240.
Wordsworth, Robin; Pierrehumbert, Raymond (1 April 2014). "Abiotic oxygen-dominated atmospheres on terrestrial habitable zone planets". The Astrophysical Journal. 785 (2): L20. arXiv:1403.2713. Bibcode:2014ApJ...785L..20W. doi:10.1088/2041-8205/785/2/L20. S2CID 17414970.
Lisse, Carey (2020). "A Geologically Robust Procedure for Observing Rocky Exoplanets to Ensure that Detection of Atmospheric Oxygen Is a Modern Earth-like Biosignature". Astrophysical Journal Letters. 898 (577): L17. arXiv:2006.07403. Bibcode:2020ApJ...898L..17L. doi:10.3847/2041-8213/ab9b91. S2CID 219687224.
Reinhard, Christopher T.; Olson, Stephanie L.; Schwieterman, Edward W.; Lyons, Timothy W. (April 2017). "False Negatives for Remote Life Detection on Ocean-Bearing Planets: Lessons from the Early Earth". Astrobiology. 17 (4): 287–297. arXiv:1702.01137. Bibcode:2017AsBio..17..287R. doi:10.1089/ast.2016.1598. PMC 5399744. PMID 28418704.
Beegle LW, Wilson MG, Abilleira F, Jordan JF, Wilson GR (August 2007). "A concept for NASA's Mars 2016 astrobiology field laboratory". Astrobiology. 7 (4): 545–77. Bibcode:2007AsBio...7..545B. doi:10.1089/ast.2007.0153. PMID 17723090. S2CID 7127896.
Bosak, Tanja; Souza-Egipsy, Virginia; Corsetti, Frank A.; Newman, Dianne K. (2004). "Micrometer-scale porosity as a biosignature in carbonate crusts". Geology. 32 (9): 781. Bibcode:2004Geo....32..781B. doi:10.1130/G20681.1.
McKay DS, Gibson EK, Thomas-Keprta KL, Vali H, Romanek CS, Clemett SJ, et al. (August 1996). "Search for past life on Mars: possible relic biogenic activity in martian meteorite ALH84001". Science. 273 (5277): 924–30. Bibcode:1996Sci...273..924M. doi:10.1126/science.273.5277.924. PMID 8688069. S2CID 40690489.
Schopf JW, Kudryavtsev AB, Czaja AD, Tripathi AB (28 April 2007). "Evidence of Archean life: Stromatolites and microfossils" (PDF). Precambrian Research. 158 (3–4): 141–155. Bibcode:2007PreR..158..141S. doi:10.1016/j.precamres.2007.04.009. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-12-24. Retrieved 2013-01-15.
Chosson, P; Lanau, C; Connan, J; Dessort, D (1991). "Biodegradation of refractory hydrocarbon biomarkers from petroleum under laboratory conditions". Nature. 351 (6328): 640–642. Bibcode:1991Natur.351..640C. doi:10.1038/351640a0. PMID 2052089. S2CID 4305795.
Head, Ian M.; Jones, Martin; Larter, Steve R. (2003). "Biological activity in the deep subsurface and the origin of heavy oil" (PDF). Nature. 426 (6964): 344–352. Bibcode:2003Natur.426..344H. doi:10.1038/nature02134. PMID 14628064. S2CID 4372154.
Bieger, Tilman; Hellou, Jocelyne; Abrajano Jr., Teofilou A. (1996). "Petroleum biomarkers as tracers of lubricating oil contamination". Marine Pollution Bulletin. 32 (2): 270–274. Bibcode:1996MarPB..32..270B. doi:10.1016/0025-326X(95)00151-C.
Seager S, Bains W, Petkowski JJ (June 2016). "Toward a List of Molecules as Potential Biosignature Gases for the Search for Life on Exoplanets and Applications to Terrestrial Biochemistry" (PDF). Astrobiology. 16 (6): 465–85. Bibcode:2016AsBio..16..465S. doi:10.1089/ast.2015.1404. hdl:1721.1/109943. PMID 27096351. S2CID 4350250.
DasSarma, Shiladitya; Schwieterman, Edward W. (2018). "Early evolution of purple retinal pigments on Earth and implications for exoplanet biosignatures". International Journal of Astrobiology. 20 (3): 1–10. arXiv:1810.05150. Bibcode:2018arXiv181005150D. doi:10.1017/S1473550418000423. ISSN 1473-5504. S2CID 119341330.
Berdyugina SV, Kuhn J, Harrington D, Santl-Temkiv T, Messersmith EJ (January 2016). "Remote sensing of life: polarimetric signatures of photosynthetic pigments as sensitive biomarkers". International Journal of Astrobiology. 15 (1): 45–56. Bibcode:2016IJAsB..15...45B. doi:10.1017/S1473550415000129.
Hegde S, Paulino-Lima IG, Kent R, Kaltenegger L, Rothschild L (March 2015). "Surface biosignatures of exo-earths: remote detection of extraterrestrial life". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 112 (13): 3886–91. Bibcode:2015PNAS..112.3886H. doi:10.1073/pnas.1421237112. PMC 4386386. PMID 25775594.
Krissansen-Totton J, Schwieterman EW, Charnay B, Arney G, Robinson TD, Meadows V, Catling DC (January 2016). "Is the Pale Blue Dot unique? Optimized photometric bands for identifying Earth-like exoplanets". The Astrophysical Journal. 817 (1): 31. arXiv:1512.00502. Bibcode:2016ApJ...817...31K. doi:10.3847/0004-637X/817/1/31. S2CID 119211858.
O'Malley-James, Jack T; Kaltenegger, Lisa (2019). "Biofluorescent Worlds – II. Biological fluorescence induced by stellar UV flares, a new temporal biosignature". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 488 (4): 4530–4545. arXiv:1608.06930. Bibcode:2019MNRAS.488.4530O. doi:10.1093/mnras/stz1842. S2CID 118394043.
Brogi M, Snellen IA, de Kok RJ, Albrecht S, Birkby J, de Mooij EJ (June 2012). "The signature of orbital motion from the dayside of the planet τ Boötis b". Nature. 486 (7404): 502–4. arXiv:1206.6109. Bibcode:2012Natur.486..502B. doi:10.1038/nature11161. PMID 22739313. S2CID 4368217.
Krissansen-Totton J, Olson S, Catlig DC (24 January 2018). "Disequilibrium biosignatures over Earth history and implications for detecting exoplanet life". Science Advances. 4 (1, eaao5747): eaao5747. arXiv:1801.08211. Bibcode:2018SciA....4.5747K. doi:10.1126/sciadv.aao5747. PMC 5787383. PMID 29387792.
Arney, Giada N. (March 2019). "The K Dwarf Advantage for Biosignatures on Directly Imaged Exoplanets". The Astrophysical Journal. 873 (1): L7. arXiv:2001.10458. Bibcode:2019ApJ...873L...7A. doi:10.3847/2041-8213/ab0651. ISSN 2041-8205. S2CID 127742050.
Lovelock JE (August 1965). "A physical basis for life detection experiments". Nature. 207 (997): 568–70. Bibcode:1965Natur.207..568L. doi:10.1038/207568a0. PMID 5883628. S2CID 33821197.
Hitchcock DR, Lovelock JE (1967-01-01). "Life detection by atmospheric analysis". Icarus. 7 (1): 149–159. Bibcode:1967Icar....7..149H. doi:10.1016/0019-1035(67)90059-0. ISSN 0019-1035.
Krissansen-Totton J, Bergsman DS, Catling DC (January 2016). "On Detecting Biospheres from Chemical Thermodynamic Disequilibrium in Planetary Atmospheres". Astrobiology. 16 (1): 39–67. arXiv:1503.08249. Bibcode:2016AsBio..16...39K. doi:10.1089/ast.2015.1327. PMID 26789355. S2CID 26959254.
Lovelock James Ephraim; Kaplan I. R.; Pirie Norman Wingate (1975-05-06). "Thermodynamics and the recognition of alien biospheres". Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B. Biological Sciences. 189 (1095): 167–181. Bibcode:1975RSPSB.189..167L. doi:10.1098/rspb.1975.0051. S2CID 129105448.
Krissansen-Totton J, Arney GN, Catling DC (April 2018). "Constraining the climate and ocean pH of the early Earth with a geological carbon cycle model". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 115 (16): 4105–4110. arXiv:1804.00763. Bibcode:2018PNAS..115.4105K. doi:10.1073/pnas.1721296115. PMC 5910859. PMID 29610313.
Arney, Giada N. (March 2019). "The K Dwarf Advantage for Biosignatures on Directly Imaged Exoplanets". The Astrophysical Journal. 873 (1): L7. arXiv:2001.10458. Bibcode:2019ApJ...873L...7A. doi:10.3847/2041-8213/ab0651. ISSN 2041-8205.
Benner SA (December 2010). "Defining life". Astrobiology. 10 (10): 1021–30. Bibcode:2010AsBio..10.1021B. doi:10.1089/ast.2010.0524. PMC 3005285. PMID 21162682.
Zahnle K, Freedman RS, Catling DC (2011-04-01). "Is there methane on Mars?". Icarus. 212 (2): 493–503. Bibcode:2011Icar..212..493Z. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2010.11.027. ISSN 0019-1035.
Krasnopolsky VA, Maillard JP, Owen TC (2004-12-01). "Detection of methane in the martian atmosphere: evidence for life?". Icarus. 172 (2): 537–547. Bibcode:2004Icar..172..537K. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2004.07.004. ISSN 0019-1035.
Formisano V, Atreya S, Encrenaz T, Ignatiev N, Giuranna M (December 2004). "Detection of methane in the atmosphere of Mars". Science. 306 (5702): 1758–61. Bibcode:2004Sci...306.1758F. doi:10.1126/science.1101732. PMID 15514118. S2CID 13533388.
Mumma MJ, Villanueva GL, Novak RE, Hewagama T, Bonev BP, Disanti MA, et al. (February 2009). "Strong release of methane on Mars in northern summer 2003". Science. 323 (5917): 1041–5. Bibcode:2009Sci...323.1041M. doi:10.1126/science.1165243. PMID 19150811. S2CID 25083438.
Krasnopolsky VA (2012-01-01). "Search for methane and upper limits to ethane and SO2 on Mars". Icarus. 217 (1): 144–152. Bibcode:2012Icar..217..144K. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2011.10.019. ISSN 0019-1035.
Webster CR, Mahaffy PR, Atreya SK, Flesch GJ, Mischna MA, Meslin PY, et al. (January 2015). "Mars atmosphere. Mars methane detection and variability at Gale crater" (PDF). Science. 347 (6220): 415–7. Bibcode:2015Sci...347..415W. doi:10.1126/science.1261713. PMID 25515120. S2CID 20304810.
Amoroso M, Merritt D, Parra JM, Cardesín-Moinelo A, Aoki S, Wolkenberg P, Alessandro Aronica, Formisano V, Oehler D (May 2019). "Independent confirmation of a methane spike on Mars and a source region east of Gale Crater". Nature Geoscience. 12 (5): 326–332. Bibcode:2019NatGe..12..326G. doi:10.1038/s41561-019-0331-9. ISSN 1752-0908. S2CID 134110253.
Webster CR, Mahaffy PR, Atreya SK, Moores JE, Flesch GJ, Malespin C, et al. (June 2018). "Background levels of methane in Mars' atmosphere show strong seasonal variations". Science. 360 (6393): 1093–1096. Bibcode:2018Sci...360.1093W. doi:10.1126/science.aaq0131. PMID 29880682.
Mumma MJ, Villanueva GL, Novak RE, Hewagama T, Bonev BP, Disanti MA, et al. (February 2009). "Strong release of methane on Mars in northern summer 2003". Science. 323 (5917): 1041–5. Bibcode:2009Sci...323.1041M. doi:10.1126/science.1165243. PMID 19150811. S2CID 25083438.
Korablev O, Vandaele AC, Montmessin F, Fedorova AA, Trokhimovskiy A, Forget F, et al. (April 2019). "No detection of methane on Mars from early ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter observations" (PDF). Nature. 568 (7753): 517–520. Bibcode:2019Natur.568..517K. doi:10.1038/s41586-019-1096-4. PMID 30971829. S2CID 106411228.
Catling DC, Krissansen-Totton J, Kiang NY, Crisp D, Robinson TD, DasSarma S, et al. (June 2018). "Exoplanet Biosignatures: A Framework for Their Assessment". Astrobiology. 18 (6): 709–738. arXiv:1705.06381. Bibcode:2018AsBio..18..709C. doi:10.1089/ast.2017.1737. PMC 6049621. PMID 29676932.
Wang Y, Tian F, Li T, Hu Y (2016-03-01). "On the detection of carbon monoxide as an anti-biosignature in exoplanetary atmospheres". Icarus. 266: 15–23. Bibcode:2016Icar..266...15W. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2015.11.010. ISSN 0019-1035.
Sholes SF, Krissansen-Totton J, Catling DC (May 2019). "2 as Potential Antibiosignatures". Astrobiology. 19 (5): 655–668. arXiv:1811.08501. Bibcode:2019AsBio..19..655S. doi:10.1089/ast.2018.1835. PMID 30950631. S2CID 96435170.
Klein HP, Horowitz NH, Levin GV, Oyama VI, Lederberg J, Rich A, et al. (October 1976). "The viking biological investigation: preliminary results". Science. 194 (4260): 99–105. Bibcode:1976Sci...194...99K. doi:10.1126/science.194.4260.99. PMID 17793090. S2CID 24957458.
Dragonfly: Exploring Titan's Surface with a New Frontiers Relocatable Lander. American Astronomical Society, DPS meeting #49, id.219.02. October 2017.
Fortes AD (2000-08-01). "Exobiological Implications of a Possible Ammonia–Water Ocean inside Titan". Icarus. 146 (2): 444–452. Bibcode:2000Icar..146..444F. doi:10.1006/icar.2000.6400. ISSN 0019-1035.
Grasset O, Sotin C, Deschamps F (2000-06-01). "On the internal structure and dynamics of Titan". Planetary and Space Science. 48 (7): 617–636. Bibcode:2000P&SS...48..617G. doi:10.1016/S0032-0633(00)00039-8. ISSN 0032-0633.
Gudipati MS, Jacovi R, Couturier-Tamburelli I, Lignell A, Allen M (2013-04-03). "Photochemical activity of Titan's low-altitude condensed haze". Nature Communications. 4: 1648. Bibcode:2013NatCo...4.1648G. doi:10.1038/ncomms2649. PMID 23552063.
Smith BA, Soderblom LA, Johnson TV, Ingersoll AP, Collins SA, Shoemaker EM, et al. (June 1979). "The jupiter system through the eyes of voyager 1". Science. 204 (4396): 951–72. Bibcode:1979Sci...204..951S. doi:10.1126/science.204.4396.951. PMID 17800430. S2CID 33147728.
Kivelson MG, Khurana KK, Russell CT, Volwerk M, Walker RJ, Zimmer C (August 2000). "Galileo magnetometer measurements: a stronger case for a subsurface ocean at Europa". Science. 289 (5483): 1340–3. Bibcode:2000Sci...289.1340K. doi:10.1126/science.289.5483.1340. PMID 10958778. S2CID 44381312.
Phillips CB, Pappalardo RT (2014-05-20). "Europa Clipper Mission Concept: Exploring Jupiter's Ocean Moon". Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union. 95 (20): 165–167. Bibcode:2014EOSTr..95..165P. doi:10.1002/2014EO200002.
Porco CC, Helfenstein P, Thomas PC, Ingersoll AP, Wisdom J, West R, et al. (March 2006). "Cassini observes the active south pole of Enceladus" (PDF). Science. 311 (5766): 1393–401. Bibcode:2006Sci...311.1393P. doi:10.1126/science.1123013. PMID 16527964. S2CID 6976648.
Postberg F, Schmidt J, Hillier J, Kempf S, Srama R (June 2011). "A salt-water reservoir as the source of a compositionally stratified plume on Enceladus". Nature. 474 (7353): 620–2. Bibcode:2011Natur.474..620P. doi:10.1038/nature10175. PMID 21697830. S2CID 4400807.
Iess, L.; Stevenson, D. J.; Parisi, M.; Hemingway, D.; Jacobson, R.A.; Lunine, Jonathan I.; Nimmo, F.; Armstrong, J. W.; Asmar, S. W.; Ducci, M.; Tortora, P. (April 4, 2014). "The Gravity Field and Interior Structure of Enceladus" (PDF). Science. 344 (6179): 78–80. Bibcode:2014Sci...344...78I. doi:10.1126/science.1250551. PMID 24700854. S2CID 28990283.
Konstantinidis, Konstantinos; Flores Martinez, Claudio L.; Dachwald, Bernd; Ohndorf, Andreas; Dykta, Paul; Bowitz, Pascal; Rudolph, Martin; Digel, Ilya; Kowalski, Julia; Voigt, Konstantin; Förstner, Roger (January 2015). "A lander mission to probe subglacial water on Saturn׳s moon Enceladus for life". Acta Astronautica. 106: 63–89. Bibcode:2015AcAau.106...63K. doi:10.1016/j.actaastro.2014.09.012.
Sotin C, Altwegg K, Brown RH, Hand K, Lunine JI, Soderblom J, Spencer J, Tortora P, JET Team (2011). JET: Journey to Enceladus and Titan. 42nd Lunar and Planetary Science Conference. p. 1326. Bibcode:2011LPI....42.1326S.
Tsou P, Brownlee DE, McKay CP, Anbar AD, Yano H, Altwegg K, et al. (August 2012). "LIFE: Life Investigation For Enceladus A Sample Return Mission Concept in Search for Evidence of Life". Astrobiology. 12 (8): 730–42. Bibcode:2012AsBio..12..730T. doi:10.1089/ast.2011.0813. PMID 22970863. S2CID 34375065.
MacKenzie SM, Caswell TE, Phillips-Lander CM, Stavros EN, Hofgartner JD, Sun VZ, Powell KE, Steuer CJ, O'Rourke JG, Dhaliwal JK, Leung CW (2016-09-15). "THEO concept mission: Testing the Habitability of Enceladus's Ocean". Advances in Space Research. 58 (6): 1117–1137. arXiv:1605.00579. Bibcode:2016AdSpR..58.1117M. doi:10.1016/j.asr.2016.05.037. ISSN 0273-1177. S2CID 119112894.
Sherwood B (2016-09-01). "Strategic map for exploring the ocean-world Enceladus". Acta Astronautica. Space Flight Safety. 126: 52–58. Bibcode:2016AcAau.126...52S. doi:10.1016/j.actaastro.2016.04.013. ISSN 0094-5765. S2CID 112827329.
Anglada-Escudé, Guillem; Amado, Pedro J.; Barnes, John; et al. (2016). "A terrestrial planet candidate in a temperate orbit around Proxima Centauri". Nature. 536 (7617): 437–440. arXiv:1609.03449. Bibcode:2016Natur.536..437A. doi:10.1038/nature19106. PMID 27558064. S2CID 4451513.
Meadows VS, Arney GN, Schwieterman EW, Lustig-Yaeger J, Lincowski AP, Robinson T, et al. (February 2018). "The Habitability of Proxima Centauri b: Environmental States and Observational Discriminants". Astrobiology. 18 (2): 133–189. arXiv:1608.08620. Bibcode:2018AsBio..18..133M. doi:10.1089/ast.2016.1589. PMC 5820795. PMID 29431479.
Lincowski AP, Meadows VS, Lustig-Yaeger J (2019-05-17). "The Detectability and Characterization of the TRAPPIST-1 Exoplanet Atmospheres with JWST". The Astronomical Journal. 158 (1): 27. arXiv:1905.07070v1. Bibcode:2019AJ....158...27L. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/ab21e0. S2CID 158046684.

jhuapl.edu

dragonfly.jhuapl.edu

"Dragonfly". dragonfly.jhuapl.edu. Retrieved 2019-06-07.

liebertpub.com

Špaček, Jan; Benner, Steven A. (2022-10-01). "Agnostic Life Finder (ALF) for Large-Scale Screening of Martian Life During In Situ Refueling". Astrobiology. 22 (10): 1255–1263. doi:10.1089/ast.2021.0070. ISSN 1531-1074.

mit.edu

eaps.mit.edu

Summons RE, Amend JP, Bish D, Buick R, Cody GD, Des Marais DJ, et al. (March 2011). "Preservation of martian organic and environmental records: final report of the Mars biosignature working group" (PDF). Astrobiology. 11 (2): 157–81. Bibcode:2011AsBio..11..157S. doi:10.1089/ast.2010.0506. hdl:1721.1/66519. PMID 21417945. S2CID 9963677. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2019-11-28. Retrieved 2013-06-22.

dspace.mit.edu

Seager S, Bains W, Petkowski JJ (June 2016). "Toward a List of Molecules as Potential Biosignature Gases for the Search for Life on Exoplanets and Applications to Terrestrial Biochemistry" (PDF). Astrobiology. 16 (6): 465–85. Bibcode:2016AsBio..16..465S. doi:10.1089/ast.2015.1404. hdl:1721.1/109943. PMID 27096351. S2CID 4350250.

nap.edu

Board, Space Studies (2010-08-13). New Worlds, New Horizons in Astronomy and Astrophysics. National Academies Press. ISBN 978-0-309-15799-5.
National Academies Of Sciences Engineering; Division on Engineering Physical Sciences; Space Studies Board; Committee on Astrobiology Science Strategy for the Search for Life in the Universe (2019). Read "An Astrobiology Strategy for the Search for Life in the Universe" at NAP.edu. doi:10.17226/25252. ISBN 978-0-309-48416-9. PMID 30986006. S2CID 243600456.

nasa.gov

mepag.jpl.nasa.gov

Steele; Beaty; et al. (September 26, 2006). "Final report of the MEPAG Astrobiology Field Laboratory Science Steering Group (AFL-SSG)" (.doc). The Astrobiology Field Laboratory. U.S.: the Mars Exploration Program Analysis Group (MEPAG) - NASA. p. 72.
Mars Trace Gas Mission Archived 2011-07-21 at the Wayback Machine (September 10, 2009).
Schulte, Mitch (December 20, 2012). "Call for Letters of Application for Membership on the Science Definition Team for the 2020 Mars Science Rover" (PDF). NASA. NNH13ZDA003L.

nai.nasa.gov

NASA Astrobiology Strategy 2015 Archived 2016-12-22 at the Wayback Machine.(PDF), NASA.

astrobiology.nasa.gov

Tenenbaum, David (July 30, 2008). "Reading Archaean Biosignatures". NASA. Archived from the original on November 29, 2014. Retrieved 2014-11-23.

rst.gsfc.nasa.gov

Remote Sensing Tutorial, Section 19-13a Archived 2011-10-21 at the Wayback Machine - Missions to Mars during the Third Millennium, Nicholas M. Short Sr., et al., NASA.

astrobiology.arc.nasa.gov

Rothschild, Lynn (September 2003). "Understand the evolutionary mechanisms and environmental limits of life". NASA. Archived from the original on 2011-01-26. Retrieved 2009-07-13.

marsprogram.jpl.nasa.gov

"Mars Science Laboratory: Mission". NASA/JPL. Archived from the original on 2006-03-05. Retrieved 2010-03-12.

jpl.nasa.gov

"Europa Clipper". www.jpl.nasa.gov. Retrieved 2019-06-07.

nature.com

Witze, Alexandra (2014). "Icy Enceladus hides a watery ocean". Nature News. doi:10.1038/nature.2014.14985. S2CID 131145017.
Anglada-Escudé, Guillem; Amado, Pedro J.; Barnes, John; et al. (2016). "A terrestrial planet candidate in a temperate orbit around Proxima Centauri". Nature. 536 (7617): 437–440. arXiv:1609.03449. Bibcode:2016Natur.536..437A. doi:10.1038/nature19106. PMID 27558064. S2CID 4451513.

nih.gov

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Summons RE, Amend JP, Bish D, Buick R, Cody GD, Des Marais DJ, et al. (March 2011). "Preservation of martian organic and environmental records: final report of the Mars biosignature working group" (PDF). Astrobiology. 11 (2): 157–81. Bibcode:2011AsBio..11..157S. doi:10.1089/ast.2010.0506. hdl:1721.1/66519. PMID 21417945. S2CID 9963677. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2019-11-28. Retrieved 2013-06-22.
Domagal-Goldman SD, Meadows VS, Claire MW, Kasting JF (June 2011). "Using biogenic sulfur gases as remotely detectable biosignatures on anoxic planets". Astrobiology. 11 (5): 419–41. Bibcode:2011AsBio..11..419D. doi:10.1089/ast.2010.0509. PMC 3133782. PMID 21663401.
Seager S, Schrenk M, Bains W (January 2012). "An astrophysical view of Earth-based metabolic biosignature gases". Astrobiology. 12 (1): 61–82. Bibcode:2012AsBio..12...61S. doi:10.1089/ast.2010.0489. hdl:1721.1/73073. PMID 22269061. S2CID 18142901.
Meadows VS (October 2017). "2 as a Biosignature in Exoplanetary Atmospheres". Astrobiology. 17 (10): 1022–1052. doi:10.1089/ast.2016.1578. PMC 5655594. PMID 28443722.
Meadows VS, Reinhard CT, Arney GN, Parenteau MN, Schwieterman EW, Domagal-Goldman SD, et al. (June 2018). "Exoplanet Biosignatures: Understanding Oxygen as a Biosignature in the Context of Its Environment". Astrobiology. 18 (6): 630–662. arXiv:1705.07560. Bibcode:2018AsBio..18..630M. doi:10.1089/ast.2017.1727. PMC 6014580. PMID 29746149.
Ver Eecke HC, Butterfield DA, Huber JA, Lilley MD, Olson EJ, Roe KK, et al. (August 2012). "Hydrogen-limited growth of hyperthermophilic methanogens at deep-sea hydrothermal vents". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 109 (34): 13674–9. Bibcode:2012PNAS..10913674V. doi:10.1073/pnas.1206632109. PMC 3427048. PMID 22869718.
Szostak J (May 2018). "How Did Life Begin?". Nature. 557 (7704): S13–S15. Bibcode:2018Natur.557S..13S. doi:10.1038/d41586-018-05098-w. PMID 29743709.
Ward, Colin R.; Walter, Malcolm R.; Campbell, Kathleen A.; Kranendonk, Martin J. Van; Djokic, Tara (2017-05-09). "Earliest signs of life on land preserved in ca. 3.5 Ga hot spring deposits". Nature Communications. 8: 15263. Bibcode:2017NatCo...815263D. doi:10.1038/ncomms15263. ISSN 2041-1723. PMC 5436104. PMID 28486437.
Luger R, Barnes R (February 2015). "Extreme water loss and abiotic O2 buildup on planets throughout the habitable zones of M dwarfs". Astrobiology. 15 (2): 119–43. arXiv:1411.7412. Bibcode:2015AsBio..15..119L. doi:10.1089/ast.2014.1231. PMC 4323125. PMID 25629240.
Reinhard, Christopher T.; Olson, Stephanie L.; Schwieterman, Edward W.; Lyons, Timothy W. (April 2017). "False Negatives for Remote Life Detection on Ocean-Bearing Planets: Lessons from the Early Earth". Astrobiology. 17 (4): 287–297. arXiv:1702.01137. Bibcode:2017AsBio..17..287R. doi:10.1089/ast.2016.1598. PMC 5399744. PMID 28418704.
Beegle LW, Wilson MG, Abilleira F, Jordan JF, Wilson GR (August 2007). "A concept for NASA's Mars 2016 astrobiology field laboratory". Astrobiology. 7 (4): 545–77. Bibcode:2007AsBio...7..545B. doi:10.1089/ast.2007.0153. PMID 17723090. S2CID 7127896.
McKay DS, Gibson EK, Thomas-Keprta KL, Vali H, Romanek CS, Clemett SJ, et al. (August 1996). "Search for past life on Mars: possible relic biogenic activity in martian meteorite ALH84001". Science. 273 (5277): 924–30. Bibcode:1996Sci...273..924M. doi:10.1126/science.273.5277.924. PMID 8688069. S2CID 40690489.
Friedmann EI, Wierzchos J, Ascaso C, Winklhofer M (February 2001). "Chains of magnetite crystals in the meteorite ALH84001: evidence of biological origin". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 98 (5): 2176–81. doi:10.1073/pnas.051514698. PMC 30112. PMID 11226212.
Thomas-Keprta KL, Clemett SJ, Bazylinski DA, Kirschvink JL, McKay DS, Wentworth SJ, et al. (February 2001). "Truncated hexa-octahedral magnetite crystals in ALH84001: presumptive biosignatures". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 98 (5): 2164–9. doi:10.1073/pnas.051500898. PMC 30110. PMID 11226210.
Chosson, P; Lanau, C; Connan, J; Dessort, D (1991). "Biodegradation of refractory hydrocarbon biomarkers from petroleum under laboratory conditions". Nature. 351 (6328): 640–642. Bibcode:1991Natur.351..640C. doi:10.1038/351640a0. PMID 2052089. S2CID 4305795.
Head, Ian M.; Jones, Martin; Larter, Steve R. (2003). "Biological activity in the deep subsurface and the origin of heavy oil" (PDF). Nature. 426 (6964): 344–352. Bibcode:2003Natur.426..344H. doi:10.1038/nature02134. PMID 14628064. S2CID 4372154.
Seager S, Bains W, Petkowski JJ (June 2016). "Toward a List of Molecules as Potential Biosignature Gases for the Search for Life on Exoplanets and Applications to Terrestrial Biochemistry" (PDF). Astrobiology. 16 (6): 465–85. Bibcode:2016AsBio..16..465S. doi:10.1089/ast.2015.1404. hdl:1721.1/109943. PMID 27096351. S2CID 4350250.
Hegde S, Paulino-Lima IG, Kent R, Kaltenegger L, Rothschild L (March 2015). "Surface biosignatures of exo-earths: remote detection of extraterrestrial life". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 112 (13): 3886–91. Bibcode:2015PNAS..112.3886H. doi:10.1073/pnas.1421237112. PMC 4386386. PMID 25775594.
Brogi M, Snellen IA, de Kok RJ, Albrecht S, Birkby J, de Mooij EJ (June 2012). "The signature of orbital motion from the dayside of the planet τ Boötis b". Nature. 486 (7404): 502–4. arXiv:1206.6109. Bibcode:2012Natur.486..502B. doi:10.1038/nature11161. PMID 22739313. S2CID 4368217.
Krissansen-Totton J, Olson S, Catlig DC (24 January 2018). "Disequilibrium biosignatures over Earth history and implications for detecting exoplanet life". Science Advances. 4 (1, eaao5747): eaao5747. arXiv:1801.08211. Bibcode:2018SciA....4.5747K. doi:10.1126/sciadv.aao5747. PMC 5787383. PMID 29387792.
Lovelock JE (August 1965). "A physical basis for life detection experiments". Nature. 207 (997): 568–70. Bibcode:1965Natur.207..568L. doi:10.1038/207568a0. PMID 5883628. S2CID 33821197.
Krissansen-Totton J, Bergsman DS, Catling DC (January 2016). "On Detecting Biospheres from Chemical Thermodynamic Disequilibrium in Planetary Atmospheres". Astrobiology. 16 (1): 39–67. arXiv:1503.08249. Bibcode:2016AsBio..16...39K. doi:10.1089/ast.2015.1327. PMID 26789355. S2CID 26959254.
Krissansen-Totton J, Arney GN, Catling DC (April 2018). "Constraining the climate and ocean pH of the early Earth with a geological carbon cycle model". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 115 (16): 4105–4110. arXiv:1804.00763. Bibcode:2018PNAS..115.4105K. doi:10.1073/pnas.1721296115. PMC 5910859. PMID 29610313.
Benner SA (December 2010). "Defining life". Astrobiology. 10 (10): 1021–30. Bibcode:2010AsBio..10.1021B. doi:10.1089/ast.2010.0524. PMC 3005285. PMID 21162682.
National Academies Of Sciences Engineering; Division on Engineering Physical Sciences; Space Studies Board; Committee on Astrobiology Science Strategy for the Search for Life in the Universe (2019). Read "An Astrobiology Strategy for the Search for Life in the Universe" at NAP.edu. doi:10.17226/25252. ISBN 978-0-309-48416-9. PMID 30986006. S2CID 243600456.
Formisano V, Atreya S, Encrenaz T, Ignatiev N, Giuranna M (December 2004). "Detection of methane in the atmosphere of Mars". Science. 306 (5702): 1758–61. Bibcode:2004Sci...306.1758F. doi:10.1126/science.1101732. PMID 15514118. S2CID 13533388.
Mumma MJ, Villanueva GL, Novak RE, Hewagama T, Bonev BP, Disanti MA, et al. (February 2009). "Strong release of methane on Mars in northern summer 2003". Science. 323 (5917): 1041–5. Bibcode:2009Sci...323.1041M. doi:10.1126/science.1165243. PMID 19150811. S2CID 25083438.
Webster CR, Mahaffy PR, Atreya SK, Flesch GJ, Mischna MA, Meslin PY, et al. (January 2015). "Mars atmosphere. Mars methane detection and variability at Gale crater" (PDF). Science. 347 (6220): 415–7. Bibcode:2015Sci...347..415W. doi:10.1126/science.1261713. PMID 25515120. S2CID 20304810.
Webster CR, Mahaffy PR, Atreya SK, Moores JE, Flesch GJ, Malespin C, et al. (June 2018). "Background levels of methane in Mars' atmosphere show strong seasonal variations". Science. 360 (6393): 1093–1096. Bibcode:2018Sci...360.1093W. doi:10.1126/science.aaq0131. PMID 29880682.
Mumma MJ, Villanueva GL, Novak RE, Hewagama T, Bonev BP, Disanti MA, et al. (February 2009). "Strong release of methane on Mars in northern summer 2003". Science. 323 (5917): 1041–5. Bibcode:2009Sci...323.1041M. doi:10.1126/science.1165243. PMID 19150811. S2CID 25083438.
Korablev O, Vandaele AC, Montmessin F, Fedorova AA, Trokhimovskiy A, Forget F, et al. (April 2019). "No detection of methane on Mars from early ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter observations" (PDF). Nature. 568 (7753): 517–520. Bibcode:2019Natur.568..517K. doi:10.1038/s41586-019-1096-4. PMID 30971829. S2CID 106411228.
Catling DC, Krissansen-Totton J, Kiang NY, Crisp D, Robinson TD, DasSarma S, et al. (June 2018). "Exoplanet Biosignatures: A Framework for Their Assessment". Astrobiology. 18 (6): 709–738. arXiv:1705.06381. Bibcode:2018AsBio..18..709C. doi:10.1089/ast.2017.1737. PMC 6049621. PMID 29676932.
Sholes SF, Krissansen-Totton J, Catling DC (May 2019). "2 as Potential Antibiosignatures". Astrobiology. 19 (5): 655–668. arXiv:1811.08501. Bibcode:2019AsBio..19..655S. doi:10.1089/ast.2018.1835. PMID 30950631. S2CID 96435170.
Klein HP, Horowitz NH, Levin GV, Oyama VI, Lederberg J, Rich A, et al. (October 1976). "The viking biological investigation: preliminary results". Science. 194 (4260): 99–105. Bibcode:1976Sci...194...99K. doi:10.1126/science.194.4260.99. PMID 17793090. S2CID 24957458.
Gudipati MS, Jacovi R, Couturier-Tamburelli I, Lignell A, Allen M (2013-04-03). "Photochemical activity of Titan's low-altitude condensed haze". Nature Communications. 4: 1648. Bibcode:2013NatCo...4.1648G. doi:10.1038/ncomms2649. PMID 23552063.
Smith BA, Soderblom LA, Johnson TV, Ingersoll AP, Collins SA, Shoemaker EM, et al. (June 1979). "The jupiter system through the eyes of voyager 1". Science. 204 (4396): 951–72. Bibcode:1979Sci...204..951S. doi:10.1126/science.204.4396.951. PMID 17800430. S2CID 33147728.
Kivelson MG, Khurana KK, Russell CT, Volwerk M, Walker RJ, Zimmer C (August 2000). "Galileo magnetometer measurements: a stronger case for a subsurface ocean at Europa". Science. 289 (5483): 1340–3. Bibcode:2000Sci...289.1340K. doi:10.1126/science.289.5483.1340. PMID 10958778. S2CID 44381312.
Porco CC, Helfenstein P, Thomas PC, Ingersoll AP, Wisdom J, West R, et al. (March 2006). "Cassini observes the active south pole of Enceladus" (PDF). Science. 311 (5766): 1393–401. Bibcode:2006Sci...311.1393P. doi:10.1126/science.1123013. PMID 16527964. S2CID 6976648.
Postberg F, Schmidt J, Hillier J, Kempf S, Srama R (June 2011). "A salt-water reservoir as the source of a compositionally stratified plume on Enceladus". Nature. 474 (7353): 620–2. Bibcode:2011Natur.474..620P. doi:10.1038/nature10175. PMID 21697830. S2CID 4400807.
Iess, L.; Stevenson, D. J.; Parisi, M.; Hemingway, D.; Jacobson, R.A.; Lunine, Jonathan I.; Nimmo, F.; Armstrong, J. W.; Asmar, S. W.; Ducci, M.; Tortora, P. (April 4, 2014). "The Gravity Field and Interior Structure of Enceladus" (PDF). Science. 344 (6179): 78–80. Bibcode:2014Sci...344...78I. doi:10.1126/science.1250551. PMID 24700854. S2CID 28990283.
Tsou P, Brownlee DE, McKay CP, Anbar AD, Yano H, Altwegg K, et al. (August 2012). "LIFE: Life Investigation For Enceladus A Sample Return Mission Concept in Search for Evidence of Life". Astrobiology. 12 (8): 730–42. Bibcode:2012AsBio..12..730T. doi:10.1089/ast.2011.0813. PMID 22970863. S2CID 34375065.
Anglada-Escudé, Guillem; Amado, Pedro J.; Barnes, John; et al. (2016). "A terrestrial planet candidate in a temperate orbit around Proxima Centauri". Nature. 536 (7617): 437–440. arXiv:1609.03449. Bibcode:2016Natur.536..437A. doi:10.1038/nature19106. PMID 27558064. S2CID 4451513.
Meadows VS, Arney GN, Schwieterman EW, Lustig-Yaeger J, Lincowski AP, Robinson T, et al. (February 2018). "The Habitability of Proxima Centauri b: Environmental States and Observational Discriminants". Astrobiology. 18 (2): 133–189. arXiv:1608.08620. Bibcode:2018AsBio..18..133M. doi:10.1089/ast.2016.1589. PMC 5820795. PMID 29431479.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Domagal-Goldman SD, Meadows VS, Claire MW, Kasting JF (June 2011). "Using biogenic sulfur gases as remotely detectable biosignatures on anoxic planets". Astrobiology. 11 (5): 419–41. Bibcode:2011AsBio..11..419D. doi:10.1089/ast.2010.0509. PMC 3133782. PMID 21663401.
Meadows VS (October 2017). "2 as a Biosignature in Exoplanetary Atmospheres". Astrobiology. 17 (10): 1022–1052. doi:10.1089/ast.2016.1578. PMC 5655594. PMID 28443722.
Meadows VS, Reinhard CT, Arney GN, Parenteau MN, Schwieterman EW, Domagal-Goldman SD, et al. (June 2018). "Exoplanet Biosignatures: Understanding Oxygen as a Biosignature in the Context of Its Environment". Astrobiology. 18 (6): 630–662. arXiv:1705.07560. Bibcode:2018AsBio..18..630M. doi:10.1089/ast.2017.1727. PMC 6014580. PMID 29746149.
Ver Eecke HC, Butterfield DA, Huber JA, Lilley MD, Olson EJ, Roe KK, et al. (August 2012). "Hydrogen-limited growth of hyperthermophilic methanogens at deep-sea hydrothermal vents". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 109 (34): 13674–9. Bibcode:2012PNAS..10913674V. doi:10.1073/pnas.1206632109. PMC 3427048. PMID 22869718.
Ward, Colin R.; Walter, Malcolm R.; Campbell, Kathleen A.; Kranendonk, Martin J. Van; Djokic, Tara (2017-05-09). "Earliest signs of life on land preserved in ca. 3.5 Ga hot spring deposits". Nature Communications. 8: 15263. Bibcode:2017NatCo...815263D. doi:10.1038/ncomms15263. ISSN 2041-1723. PMC 5436104. PMID 28486437.
Luger R, Barnes R (February 2015). "Extreme water loss and abiotic O2 buildup on planets throughout the habitable zones of M dwarfs". Astrobiology. 15 (2): 119–43. arXiv:1411.7412. Bibcode:2015AsBio..15..119L. doi:10.1089/ast.2014.1231. PMC 4323125. PMID 25629240.
Reinhard, Christopher T.; Olson, Stephanie L.; Schwieterman, Edward W.; Lyons, Timothy W. (April 2017). "False Negatives for Remote Life Detection on Ocean-Bearing Planets: Lessons from the Early Earth". Astrobiology. 17 (4): 287–297. arXiv:1702.01137. Bibcode:2017AsBio..17..287R. doi:10.1089/ast.2016.1598. PMC 5399744. PMID 28418704.
Friedmann EI, Wierzchos J, Ascaso C, Winklhofer M (February 2001). "Chains of magnetite crystals in the meteorite ALH84001: evidence of biological origin". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 98 (5): 2176–81. doi:10.1073/pnas.051514698. PMC 30112. PMID 11226212.
Thomas-Keprta KL, Clemett SJ, Bazylinski DA, Kirschvink JL, McKay DS, Wentworth SJ, et al. (February 2001). "Truncated hexa-octahedral magnetite crystals in ALH84001: presumptive biosignatures". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 98 (5): 2164–9. doi:10.1073/pnas.051500898. PMC 30110. PMID 11226210.
Hegde S, Paulino-Lima IG, Kent R, Kaltenegger L, Rothschild L (March 2015). "Surface biosignatures of exo-earths: remote detection of extraterrestrial life". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 112 (13): 3886–91. Bibcode:2015PNAS..112.3886H. doi:10.1073/pnas.1421237112. PMC 4386386. PMID 25775594.
Krissansen-Totton J, Olson S, Catlig DC (24 January 2018). "Disequilibrium biosignatures over Earth history and implications for detecting exoplanet life". Science Advances. 4 (1, eaao5747): eaao5747. arXiv:1801.08211. Bibcode:2018SciA....4.5747K. doi:10.1126/sciadv.aao5747. PMC 5787383. PMID 29387792.
Krissansen-Totton J, Arney GN, Catling DC (April 2018). "Constraining the climate and ocean pH of the early Earth with a geological carbon cycle model". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 115 (16): 4105–4110. arXiv:1804.00763. Bibcode:2018PNAS..115.4105K. doi:10.1073/pnas.1721296115. PMC 5910859. PMID 29610313.
Benner SA (December 2010). "Defining life". Astrobiology. 10 (10): 1021–30. Bibcode:2010AsBio..10.1021B. doi:10.1089/ast.2010.0524. PMC 3005285. PMID 21162682.
Benner, Steven A. (2017). "Detecting Darwinism from Molecules in the Enceladus Plumes, Jupiter's Moons, and Other Planetary Water Lagoons". Astrobiology. 17 (9): 840–851. doi:10.1089/ast.2016.1611. ISSN 1531-1074. PMC 5610385.
Sutton, Mark A.; Burton, Aaron S.; Zaikova, Elena; Sutton, Ryan E.; Brinckerhoff, William B.; Bevilacqua, Julie G.; Weng, Margaret M.; Mumma, Michael J.; Johnson, Sarah Stewart (2019-03-29). "Radiation Tolerance of Nanopore Sequencing Technology for Life Detection on Mars and Europa". Scientific Reports. 9 (1). doi:10.1038/s41598-019-41488-4. ISSN 2045-2322. PMC 6441015.
Catling DC, Krissansen-Totton J, Kiang NY, Crisp D, Robinson TD, DasSarma S, et al. (June 2018). "Exoplanet Biosignatures: A Framework for Their Assessment". Astrobiology. 18 (6): 709–738. arXiv:1705.06381. Bibcode:2018AsBio..18..709C. doi:10.1089/ast.2017.1737. PMC 6049621. PMID 29676932.
Meadows VS, Arney GN, Schwieterman EW, Lustig-Yaeger J, Lincowski AP, Robinson T, et al. (February 2018). "The Habitability of Proxima Centauri b: Environmental States and Observational Discriminants". Astrobiology. 18 (2): 133–189. arXiv:1608.08620. Bibcode:2018AsBio..18..133M. doi:10.1089/ast.2016.1589. PMC 5820795. PMID 29431479.

nytimes.com

Gertner, Jon (15 September 2022). "The Search for Intelligent Life Is About to Get a Lot More Interesting - There are an estimated 100 billion galaxies in the universe, home to an unimaginable abundance of planets. And now, there are new ways to spot signs of life on them". The New York Times. Retrieved 15 September 2022.

open.ac.uk

oro.open.ac.uk

Korablev O, Vandaele AC, Montmessin F, Fedorova AA, Trokhimovskiy A, Forget F, et al. (April 2019). "No detection of methane on Mars from early ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter observations" (PDF). Nature. 568 (7753): 517–520. Bibcode:2019Natur.568..517K. doi:10.1038/s41586-019-1096-4. PMID 30971829. S2CID 106411228.

permedia.ca

uig.permedia.ca

Head, Ian M.; Jones, Martin; Larter, Steve R. (2003). "Biological activity in the deep subsurface and the origin of heavy oil" (PDF). Nature. 426 (6964): 344–352. Bibcode:2003Natur.426..344H. doi:10.1038/nature02134. PMID 14628064. S2CID 4372154.

phys.org

University of New South Wales (May 9, 2017). "Oldest evidence of life on land found in 3.48-billion-year-old Australian rocks". Phys.org. Retrieved 2019-06-12.
Cousins, Claire (5 January 2018). "Rover could discover life on Mars – here's what it would take to prove it". PhysOrg.
JPL/NASA (April 3, 2013). "NASA team investigates complex chemistry at Titan". Phys.org. Retrieved 2019-06-07.

psu.edu

php.scripts.psu.edu

"SIGNATURES OF LIFE FROM EARTH AND BEYOND". Penn State Astrobiology Research Center (PSARC). Penn State. 2009. Archived from the original on 2018-10-23. Retrieved 2011-01-14.

ruvr.ru

english.ruvr.ru

Pavlishchev, Boris (Jul 15, 2012). "ExoMars program gathers strength". The Voice of Russia. Archived from the original on 2012-08-06. Retrieved 2012-07-15.

science-dictionary.com

"Biosignature - definition". Science Dictionary. 2011. Archived from the original on 2010-03-16. Retrieved 2011-01-12.

science.org

Voosen, Paul (2017-01-04). "Updated: NASA taps missions to tiny metal world and Jupiter Trojans". Science | AAAS. Retrieved 2019-06-07.

semanticscholar.org

api.semanticscholar.org

Summons RE, Amend JP, Bish D, Buick R, Cody GD, Des Marais DJ, et al. (March 2011). "Preservation of martian organic and environmental records: final report of the Mars biosignature working group" (PDF). Astrobiology. 11 (2): 157–81. Bibcode:2011AsBio..11..157S. doi:10.1089/ast.2010.0506. hdl:1721.1/66519. PMID 21417945. S2CID 9963677. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2019-11-28. Retrieved 2013-06-22.
Seager S, Schrenk M, Bains W (January 2012). "An astrophysical view of Earth-based metabolic biosignature gases". Astrobiology. 12 (1): 61–82. Bibcode:2012AsBio..12...61S. doi:10.1089/ast.2010.0489. hdl:1721.1/73073. PMID 22269061. S2CID 18142901.
Wordsworth, Robin; Pierrehumbert, Raymond (1 April 2014). "Abiotic oxygen-dominated atmospheres on terrestrial habitable zone planets". The Astrophysical Journal. 785 (2): L20. arXiv:1403.2713. Bibcode:2014ApJ...785L..20W. doi:10.1088/2041-8205/785/2/L20. S2CID 17414970.
Lisse, Carey (2020). "A Geologically Robust Procedure for Observing Rocky Exoplanets to Ensure that Detection of Atmospheric Oxygen Is a Modern Earth-like Biosignature". Astrophysical Journal Letters. 898 (577): L17. arXiv:2006.07403. Bibcode:2020ApJ...898L..17L. doi:10.3847/2041-8213/ab9b91. S2CID 219687224.
Beegle LW, Wilson MG, Abilleira F, Jordan JF, Wilson GR (August 2007). "A concept for NASA's Mars 2016 astrobiology field laboratory". Astrobiology. 7 (4): 545–77. Bibcode:2007AsBio...7..545B. doi:10.1089/ast.2007.0153. PMID 17723090. S2CID 7127896.
McKay DS, Gibson EK, Thomas-Keprta KL, Vali H, Romanek CS, Clemett SJ, et al. (August 1996). "Search for past life on Mars: possible relic biogenic activity in martian meteorite ALH84001". Science. 273 (5277): 924–30. Bibcode:1996Sci...273..924M. doi:10.1126/science.273.5277.924. PMID 8688069. S2CID 40690489.
McSween HY (2019), "The Search for Biosignatures in Martian Meteorite Allan Hills 84001", in Cavalazzi B, Westall F (eds.), Biosignatures for Astrobiology, Advances in Astrobiology and Biogeophysics, Springer International Publishing, pp. 167–182, doi:10.1007/978-3-319-96175-0_8, ISBN 978-3-319-96175-0, S2CID 186696892
Garcia-Ruiz JM (December 30, 1999). "Morphological behavior of inorganic precipitation systems – Instruments, Methods, and Missions for Astrobiology II". SPIE Proceedings. Instruments, Methods, and Missions for Astrobiology II. Proc. SPIE 3755: 74. doi:10.1117/12.375088. S2CID 84764520. It is concluded that "morphology cannot be used unambiguously as a tool for primitive life detection".
Chosson, P; Lanau, C; Connan, J; Dessort, D (1991). "Biodegradation of refractory hydrocarbon biomarkers from petroleum under laboratory conditions". Nature. 351 (6328): 640–642. Bibcode:1991Natur.351..640C. doi:10.1038/351640a0. PMID 2052089. S2CID 4305795.
Roushdy, M.I.; El Nady, M.M.; Mostafa, Y.M.; El Gendy, N.Sh.; Ali, H.R. (2010). "Biomarkers characteristics of crude oils from some oilfields in the gulf of suez, egypt". Journal of American Science. 6 (11). S2CID 55952894.
Head, Ian M.; Jones, Martin; Larter, Steve R. (2003). "Biological activity in the deep subsurface and the origin of heavy oil" (PDF). Nature. 426 (6964): 344–352. Bibcode:2003Natur.426..344H. doi:10.1038/nature02134. PMID 14628064. S2CID 4372154.
Ashton, Buffy M.; East, Rebecca S.; Walsh, Maud M.; Miles, Scott; Obeton, Edward B. (2000). "Studying and Verifying the Use of Chemical Biomarkers for Identifying and Quantitating Oil Residues in the Environment". Journal of Ocean and Climate Systems: 1–54. S2CID 201925529.
Seager S, Bains W, Petkowski JJ (June 2016). "Toward a List of Molecules as Potential Biosignature Gases for the Search for Life on Exoplanets and Applications to Terrestrial Biochemistry" (PDF). Astrobiology. 16 (6): 465–85. Bibcode:2016AsBio..16..465S. doi:10.1089/ast.2015.1404. hdl:1721.1/109943. PMID 27096351. S2CID 4350250.
DasSarma, Shiladitya; Schwieterman, Edward W. (2018). "Early evolution of purple retinal pigments on Earth and implications for exoplanet biosignatures". International Journal of Astrobiology. 20 (3): 1–10. arXiv:1810.05150. Bibcode:2018arXiv181005150D. doi:10.1017/S1473550418000423. ISSN 1473-5504. S2CID 119341330.
Claudi, R.; Erculiani, M. S.; Galletta, G.; Billi, D.; Pace, E.; Schierano, D.; Giro, E.; D'Alessandro, M. (20 May 2015). "Simulating super earth atmospheres in the laboratory". International Journal of Astrobiology. 15 (1): 35–44. doi:10.1017/S1473550415000117. S2CID 125008098.
Krissansen-Totton J, Schwieterman EW, Charnay B, Arney G, Robinson TD, Meadows V, Catling DC (January 2016). "Is the Pale Blue Dot unique? Optimized photometric bands for identifying Earth-like exoplanets". The Astrophysical Journal. 817 (1): 31. arXiv:1512.00502. Bibcode:2016ApJ...817...31K. doi:10.3847/0004-637X/817/1/31. S2CID 119211858.
O'Malley-James, Jack T; Kaltenegger, Lisa (2019). "Biofluorescent Worlds – II. Biological fluorescence induced by stellar UV flares, a new temporal biosignature". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 488 (4): 4530–4545. arXiv:1608.06930. Bibcode:2019MNRAS.488.4530O. doi:10.1093/mnras/stz1842. S2CID 118394043.
Brogi M, Snellen IA, de Kok RJ, Albrecht S, Birkby J, de Mooij EJ (June 2012). "The signature of orbital motion from the dayside of the planet τ Boötis b". Nature. 486 (7404): 502–4. arXiv:1206.6109. Bibcode:2012Natur.486..502B. doi:10.1038/nature11161. PMID 22739313. S2CID 4368217.
Arney, Giada N. (March 2019). "The K Dwarf Advantage for Biosignatures on Directly Imaged Exoplanets". The Astrophysical Journal. 873 (1): L7. arXiv:2001.10458. Bibcode:2019ApJ...873L...7A. doi:10.3847/2041-8213/ab0651. ISSN 2041-8205. S2CID 127742050.
Lovelock JE (August 1965). "A physical basis for life detection experiments". Nature. 207 (997): 568–70. Bibcode:1965Natur.207..568L. doi:10.1038/207568a0. PMID 5883628. S2CID 33821197.
Krissansen-Totton J, Bergsman DS, Catling DC (January 2016). "On Detecting Biospheres from Chemical Thermodynamic Disequilibrium in Planetary Atmospheres". Astrobiology. 16 (1): 39–67. arXiv:1503.08249. Bibcode:2016AsBio..16...39K. doi:10.1089/ast.2015.1327. PMID 26789355. S2CID 26959254.
Lovelock James Ephraim; Kaplan I. R.; Pirie Norman Wingate (1975-05-06). "Thermodynamics and the recognition of alien biospheres". Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B. Biological Sciences. 189 (1095): 167–181. Bibcode:1975RSPSB.189..167L. doi:10.1098/rspb.1975.0051. S2CID 129105448.
National Academies Of Sciences Engineering; Division on Engineering Physical Sciences; Space Studies Board; Committee on Astrobiology Science Strategy for the Search for Life in the Universe (2019). Read "An Astrobiology Strategy for the Search for Life in the Universe" at NAP.edu. doi:10.17226/25252. ISBN 978-0-309-48416-9. PMID 30986006. S2CID 243600456.
Formisano V, Atreya S, Encrenaz T, Ignatiev N, Giuranna M (December 2004). "Detection of methane in the atmosphere of Mars". Science. 306 (5702): 1758–61. Bibcode:2004Sci...306.1758F. doi:10.1126/science.1101732. PMID 15514118. S2CID 13533388.
Mumma MJ, Villanueva GL, Novak RE, Hewagama T, Bonev BP, Disanti MA, et al. (February 2009). "Strong release of methane on Mars in northern summer 2003". Science. 323 (5917): 1041–5. Bibcode:2009Sci...323.1041M. doi:10.1126/science.1165243. PMID 19150811. S2CID 25083438.
Webster CR, Mahaffy PR, Atreya SK, Flesch GJ, Mischna MA, Meslin PY, et al. (January 2015). "Mars atmosphere. Mars methane detection and variability at Gale crater" (PDF). Science. 347 (6220): 415–7. Bibcode:2015Sci...347..415W. doi:10.1126/science.1261713. PMID 25515120. S2CID 20304810.
Amoroso M, Merritt D, Parra JM, Cardesín-Moinelo A, Aoki S, Wolkenberg P, Alessandro Aronica, Formisano V, Oehler D (May 2019). "Independent confirmation of a methane spike on Mars and a source region east of Gale Crater". Nature Geoscience. 12 (5): 326–332. Bibcode:2019NatGe..12..326G. doi:10.1038/s41561-019-0331-9. ISSN 1752-0908. S2CID 134110253.
Mumma MJ, Villanueva GL, Novak RE, Hewagama T, Bonev BP, Disanti MA, et al. (February 2009). "Strong release of methane on Mars in northern summer 2003". Science. 323 (5917): 1041–5. Bibcode:2009Sci...323.1041M. doi:10.1126/science.1165243. PMID 19150811. S2CID 25083438.
Korablev O, Vandaele AC, Montmessin F, Fedorova AA, Trokhimovskiy A, Forget F, et al. (April 2019). "No detection of methane on Mars from early ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter observations" (PDF). Nature. 568 (7753): 517–520. Bibcode:2019Natur.568..517K. doi:10.1038/s41586-019-1096-4. PMID 30971829. S2CID 106411228.
Sholes SF, Krissansen-Totton J, Catling DC (May 2019). "2 as Potential Antibiosignatures". Astrobiology. 19 (5): 655–668. arXiv:1811.08501. Bibcode:2019AsBio..19..655S. doi:10.1089/ast.2018.1835. PMID 30950631. S2CID 96435170.
Klein HP, Horowitz NH, Levin GV, Oyama VI, Lederberg J, Rich A, et al. (October 1976). "The viking biological investigation: preliminary results". Science. 194 (4260): 99–105. Bibcode:1976Sci...194...99K. doi:10.1126/science.194.4260.99. PMID 17793090. S2CID 24957458.
Smith BA, Soderblom LA, Johnson TV, Ingersoll AP, Collins SA, Shoemaker EM, et al. (June 1979). "The jupiter system through the eyes of voyager 1". Science. 204 (4396): 951–72. Bibcode:1979Sci...204..951S. doi:10.1126/science.204.4396.951. PMID 17800430. S2CID 33147728.
Kivelson MG, Khurana KK, Russell CT, Volwerk M, Walker RJ, Zimmer C (August 2000). "Galileo magnetometer measurements: a stronger case for a subsurface ocean at Europa". Science. 289 (5483): 1340–3. Bibcode:2000Sci...289.1340K. doi:10.1126/science.289.5483.1340. PMID 10958778. S2CID 44381312.
Porco CC, Helfenstein P, Thomas PC, Ingersoll AP, Wisdom J, West R, et al. (March 2006). "Cassini observes the active south pole of Enceladus" (PDF). Science. 311 (5766): 1393–401. Bibcode:2006Sci...311.1393P. doi:10.1126/science.1123013. PMID 16527964. S2CID 6976648.
Postberg F, Schmidt J, Hillier J, Kempf S, Srama R (June 2011). "A salt-water reservoir as the source of a compositionally stratified plume on Enceladus". Nature. 474 (7353): 620–2. Bibcode:2011Natur.474..620P. doi:10.1038/nature10175. PMID 21697830. S2CID 4400807.
Witze, Alexandra (2014). "Icy Enceladus hides a watery ocean". Nature News. doi:10.1038/nature.2014.14985. S2CID 131145017.
Iess, L.; Stevenson, D. J.; Parisi, M.; Hemingway, D.; Jacobson, R.A.; Lunine, Jonathan I.; Nimmo, F.; Armstrong, J. W.; Asmar, S. W.; Ducci, M.; Tortora, P. (April 4, 2014). "The Gravity Field and Interior Structure of Enceladus" (PDF). Science. 344 (6179): 78–80. Bibcode:2014Sci...344...78I. doi:10.1126/science.1250551. PMID 24700854. S2CID 28990283.
Reh, K.; Spilker, L.; Lunine, Jonathan I.; Waite Jr., Jack Hunter; Cable, M. L.; Postberg, Frank; Clark, K. (March 2016). "Enceladus Life Finder: The search for life in a habitable Moon". 2016 IEEE Aerospace Conference. pp. 1–8. doi:10.1109/AERO.2016.7500813. ISBN 978-1-4673-7676-1. S2CID 22950150.
Tsou P, Brownlee DE, McKay CP, Anbar AD, Yano H, Altwegg K, et al. (August 2012). "LIFE: Life Investigation For Enceladus A Sample Return Mission Concept in Search for Evidence of Life". Astrobiology. 12 (8): 730–42. Bibcode:2012AsBio..12..730T. doi:10.1089/ast.2011.0813. PMID 22970863. S2CID 34375065.
MacKenzie SM, Caswell TE, Phillips-Lander CM, Stavros EN, Hofgartner JD, Sun VZ, Powell KE, Steuer CJ, O'Rourke JG, Dhaliwal JK, Leung CW (2016-09-15). "THEO concept mission: Testing the Habitability of Enceladus's Ocean". Advances in Space Research. 58 (6): 1117–1137. arXiv:1605.00579. Bibcode:2016AdSpR..58.1117M. doi:10.1016/j.asr.2016.05.037. ISSN 0273-1177. S2CID 119112894.
Sherwood B (2016-09-01). "Strategic map for exploring the ocean-world Enceladus". Acta Astronautica. Space Flight Safety. 126: 52–58. Bibcode:2016AcAau.126...52S. doi:10.1016/j.actaastro.2016.04.013. ISSN 0094-5765. S2CID 112827329.
Anglada-Escudé, Guillem; Amado, Pedro J.; Barnes, John; et al. (2016). "A terrestrial planet candidate in a temperate orbit around Proxima Centauri". Nature. 536 (7617): 437–440. arXiv:1609.03449. Bibcode:2016Natur.536..437A. doi:10.1038/nature19106. PMID 27558064. S2CID 4451513.
Lincowski AP, Meadows VS, Lustig-Yaeger J (2019-05-17). "The Detectability and Characterization of the TRAPPIST-1 Exoplanet Atmospheres with JWST". The Astronomical Journal. 158 (1): 27. arXiv:1905.07070v1. Bibcode:2019AJ....158...27L. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/ab21e0. S2CID 158046684.

space.com

Choi CQ (August 2016). "Mars Life? 20 Years Later, Debate Over Meteorite Continues". Space.com. Retrieved 2019-06-07.
Wall, Mike (13 December 2011). "Mars Life Hunt Could Look for Magnetic Clues". Space.com. Retrieved 2011-12-15.
Cofield C (30 March 2015). "Catalog of Earth Microbes Could Help Find Alien Life". Space.com. Retrieved 2015-05-11.
Wall, Mike (24 January 2018). "Alien Life Hunt: Oxygen Isn't the Only Possible Sign of Life". Space.com. Retrieved 24 January 2018.

spaceflightnow.com

Clark, Stephen (2015-04-06). "Diverse destinations considered for new interplanetary probe". Spaceflight Now. Retrieved 2019-06-07.

spacetelescope.org

"Hubble discovers water vapour venting from Jupiter's moon Europa". www.spacetelescope.org. Retrieved 2019-06-07.
"Photo composite of suspected water plumes on Europa". www.spacetelescope.org. Retrieved 2019-06-07.

swri.edu

missionjuno.swri.edu

"How Fast Can Juno Go?". Mission Juno. Retrieved 2019-06-08.

technologyreview.com

"Artificial Life Shares Biosignature With Terrestrial Cousins". The Physics arXiv Blog. MIT. 10 January 2011. Archived from the original on 2018-10-23. Retrieved 2011-01-14.

theconversation.com

Desai, Ravi (July 27, 2017). "Saturn's moon Titan may harbour simple life forms – and reveal how organisms first formed on Earth". The Conversation. Retrieved 2019-06-07.

ucla.edu

astrobiology.ucla.edu

Agresti; House; Jögi; Kudryavstev; McKeegan; Runnegar; Schopf; Wdowiak (3 December 2008). "Detection and geochemical characterization of Earth's earliest life". NASA Astrobiology Institute. NASA. Archived from the original on 23 January 2013. Retrieved 2013-01-15.

umd.edu

physics.umd.edu

Where are they? (PDF) Mario Livio and Joseph Silk. Physics Today, March 2017.

usatoday.com

Crenson M (2006-08-06). "After 10 years, few believe life on Mars". Associated Press (on usatoday.com). Retrieved 2009-12-06.

usra.edu

hou.usra.edu

Turtle P, Barnes JW, Trainer MG, Lorenz RD, MacKenzie SM, Hibbard KE, Adams D, Bedini P, Langelaan JW, Zacny K (2017). Dragonfly: Exploring titan's prebiotic organic chemistry and habitability (PDF). Lunar and Planetary Science Conference.

washingtonpost.com

Frank, Adam (31 December 2020). "A new frontier is opening in the search for extraterrestrial life - The reason we haven't found life elsewhere in the universe is simple: We haven't looked until now". The Washington Post. Retrieved 1 January 2021.

waters.com

Stevens, Douglas; Hsu, Chang Samuel; Shi, Quan (2013). "Petroleum biomarkers analyzed by atmospheric gas chromatography-tandem mass spectroscopy" (PDF). Waters.

web.archive.org

"Biosignature - definition". Science Dictionary. 2011. Archived from the original on 2010-03-16. Retrieved 2011-01-12.
Summons RE, Amend JP, Bish D, Buick R, Cody GD, Des Marais DJ, et al. (March 2011). "Preservation of martian organic and environmental records: final report of the Mars biosignature working group" (PDF). Astrobiology. 11 (2): 157–81. Bibcode:2011AsBio..11..157S. doi:10.1089/ast.2010.0506. hdl:1721.1/66519. PMID 21417945. S2CID 9963677. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2019-11-28. Retrieved 2013-06-22.
NASA Astrobiology Strategy 2015 Archived 2016-12-22 at the Wayback Machine.(PDF), NASA.
"SIGNATURES OF LIFE FROM EARTH AND BEYOND". Penn State Astrobiology Research Center (PSARC). Penn State. 2009. Archived from the original on 2018-10-23. Retrieved 2011-01-14.
Tenenbaum, David (July 30, 2008). "Reading Archaean Biosignatures". NASA. Archived from the original on November 29, 2014. Retrieved 2014-11-23.
"Fatty alcohols". Archived from the original on 2012-06-25. Retrieved 2006-04-01.
Agresti; House; Jögi; Kudryavstev; McKeegan; Runnegar; Schopf; Wdowiak (3 December 2008). "Detection and geochemical characterization of Earth's earliest life". NASA Astrobiology Institute. NASA. Archived from the original on 23 January 2013. Retrieved 2013-01-15.
Schopf JW, Kudryavtsev AB, Czaja AD, Tripathi AB (28 April 2007). "Evidence of Archean life: Stromatolites and microfossils" (PDF). Precambrian Research. 158 (3–4): 141–155. Bibcode:2007PreR..158..141S. doi:10.1016/j.precamres.2007.04.009. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-12-24. Retrieved 2013-01-15.
"Artificial Life Shares Biosignature With Terrestrial Cousins". The Physics arXiv Blog. MIT. 10 January 2011. Archived from the original on 2018-10-23. Retrieved 2011-01-14.
Mars Trace Gas Mission Archived 2011-07-21 at the Wayback Machine (September 10, 2009).
Remote Sensing Tutorial, Section 19-13a Archived 2011-10-21 at the Wayback Machine - Missions to Mars during the Third Millennium, Nicholas M. Short Sr., et al., NASA.
Rothschild, Lynn (September 2003). "Understand the evolutionary mechanisms and environmental limits of life". NASA. Archived from the original on 2011-01-26. Retrieved 2009-07-13.
Pavlishchev, Boris (Jul 15, 2012). "ExoMars program gathers strength". The Voice of Russia. Archived from the original on 2012-08-06. Retrieved 2012-07-15.
"Mars Science Laboratory: Mission". NASA/JPL. Archived from the original on 2006-03-05. Retrieved 2010-03-12.
"Future Planetary Exploration: Proposed New Frontiers Missions". Future Planetary Exploration. 2017-08-04. Archived from the original on 2017-09-20. Retrieved 2019-06-07.

wired.com

Mann, Adam (June 27, 2012). "New View of Exoplanets Will Aid Search for E.T." Wired. Retrieved June 28, 2012.

worldcat.org

Ward, Colin R.; Walter, Malcolm R.; Campbell, Kathleen A.; Kranendonk, Martin J. Van; Djokic, Tara (2017-05-09). "Earliest signs of life on land preserved in ca. 3.5 Ga hot spring deposits". Nature Communications. 8: 15263. Bibcode:2017NatCo...815263D. doi:10.1038/ncomms15263. ISSN 2041-1723. PMC 5436104. PMID 28486437.
Ratnayake, Amila Sandaruwan; Sampei, Yoshikazu (2019-06-01). "Organic geochemical evaluation of contamination tracers in deepwater well rock cuttings from the Mannar Basin, Sri Lanka". Journal of Petroleum Exploration and Production Technology. 9 (2): 989–996. doi:10.1007/s13202-018-0575-8. ISSN 2190-0566.
DasSarma, Shiladitya; Schwieterman, Edward W. (2018). "Early evolution of purple retinal pigments on Earth and implications for exoplanet biosignatures". International Journal of Astrobiology. 20 (3): 1–10. arXiv:1810.05150. Bibcode:2018arXiv181005150D. doi:10.1017/S1473550418000423. ISSN 1473-5504. S2CID 119341330.
Arney, Giada N. (March 2019). "The K Dwarf Advantage for Biosignatures on Directly Imaged Exoplanets". The Astrophysical Journal. 873 (1): L7. arXiv:2001.10458. Bibcode:2019ApJ...873L...7A. doi:10.3847/2041-8213/ab0651. ISSN 2041-8205. S2CID 127742050.
Hitchcock DR, Lovelock JE (1967-01-01). "Life detection by atmospheric analysis". Icarus. 7 (1): 149–159. Bibcode:1967Icar....7..149H. doi:10.1016/0019-1035(67)90059-0. ISSN 0019-1035.
Arney, Giada N. (March 2019). "The K Dwarf Advantage for Biosignatures on Directly Imaged Exoplanets". The Astrophysical Journal. 873 (1): L7. arXiv:2001.10458. Bibcode:2019ApJ...873L...7A. doi:10.3847/2041-8213/ab0651. ISSN 2041-8205.
Zahnle K, Freedman RS, Catling DC (2011-04-01). "Is there methane on Mars?". Icarus. 212 (2): 493–503. Bibcode:2011Icar..212..493Z. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2010.11.027. ISSN 0019-1035.
Špaček, Jan; Benner, Steven A. (2022-10-01). "Agnostic Life Finder (ALF) for Large-Scale Screening of Martian Life During In Situ Refueling". Astrobiology. 22 (10): 1255–1263. doi:10.1089/ast.2021.0070. ISSN 1531-1074.
Benner, Steven A. (2017). "Detecting Darwinism from Molecules in the Enceladus Plumes, Jupiter's Moons, and Other Planetary Water Lagoons". Astrobiology. 17 (9): 840–851. doi:10.1089/ast.2016.1611. ISSN 1531-1074. PMC 5610385.
Sutton, Mark A.; Burton, Aaron S.; Zaikova, Elena; Sutton, Ryan E.; Brinckerhoff, William B.; Bevilacqua, Julie G.; Weng, Margaret M.; Mumma, Michael J.; Johnson, Sarah Stewart (2019-03-29). "Radiation Tolerance of Nanopore Sequencing Technology for Life Detection on Mars and Europa". Scientific Reports. 9 (1). doi:10.1038/s41598-019-41488-4. ISSN 2045-2322. PMC 6441015.
Krasnopolsky VA, Maillard JP, Owen TC (2004-12-01). "Detection of methane in the martian atmosphere: evidence for life?". Icarus. 172 (2): 537–547. Bibcode:2004Icar..172..537K. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2004.07.004. ISSN 0019-1035.
Krasnopolsky VA (2012-01-01). "Search for methane and upper limits to ethane and SO2 on Mars". Icarus. 217 (1): 144–152. Bibcode:2012Icar..217..144K. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2011.10.019. ISSN 0019-1035.
Amoroso M, Merritt D, Parra JM, Cardesín-Moinelo A, Aoki S, Wolkenberg P, Alessandro Aronica, Formisano V, Oehler D (May 2019). "Independent confirmation of a methane spike on Mars and a source region east of Gale Crater". Nature Geoscience. 12 (5): 326–332. Bibcode:2019NatGe..12..326G. doi:10.1038/s41561-019-0331-9. ISSN 1752-0908. S2CID 134110253.
Wang Y, Tian F, Li T, Hu Y (2016-03-01). "On the detection of carbon monoxide as an anti-biosignature in exoplanetary atmospheres". Icarus. 266: 15–23. Bibcode:2016Icar..266...15W. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2015.11.010. ISSN 0019-1035.
Fortes AD (2000-08-01). "Exobiological Implications of a Possible Ammonia–Water Ocean inside Titan". Icarus. 146 (2): 444–452. Bibcode:2000Icar..146..444F. doi:10.1006/icar.2000.6400. ISSN 0019-1035.
Grasset O, Sotin C, Deschamps F (2000-06-01). "On the internal structure and dynamics of Titan". Planetary and Space Science. 48 (7): 617–636. Bibcode:2000P&SS...48..617G. doi:10.1016/S0032-0633(00)00039-8. ISSN 0032-0633.
MacKenzie SM, Caswell TE, Phillips-Lander CM, Stavros EN, Hofgartner JD, Sun VZ, Powell KE, Steuer CJ, O'Rourke JG, Dhaliwal JK, Leung CW (2016-09-15). "THEO concept mission: Testing the Habitability of Enceladus's Ocean". Advances in Space Research. 58 (6): 1117–1137. arXiv:1605.00579. Bibcode:2016AdSpR..58.1117M. doi:10.1016/j.asr.2016.05.037. ISSN 0273-1177. S2CID 119112894.
Sherwood B (2016-09-01). "Strategic map for exploring the ocean-world Enceladus". Acta Astronautica. Space Flight Safety. 126: 52–58. Bibcode:2016AcAau.126...52S. doi:10.1016/j.actaastro.2016.04.013. ISSN 0094-5765. S2CID 112827329.

zenodo.org

Zahnle K, Freedman RS, Catling DC (2011-04-01). "Is there methane on Mars?". Icarus. 212 (2): 493–503. Bibcode:2011Icar..212..493Z. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2010.11.027. ISSN 0019-1035.