Birch (English Wikipedia)

Forest, Félix; Savolainen, Vincent; Chase, Mark W.; Lupia, Richard; Bruneau, Anne; Crane, Peter R. (January 2005). "Teasing Apart Molecular- Versus Fossil-based Error Estimates when Dating Phylogenetic Trees: A Case Study in the Birch Family (Betulaceae)". Systematic Botany. 30 (1): 118–133. Bibcode:2005SysBo..30..118F. doi:10.1600/0363644053661850.
Wang, Tianxiang; Wang, Yue; Crocetti, Roberto; Wålinder, Magnus (July 2022). "In-plane mechanical properties of birch plywood". Construction and Building Materials. 340 127852. Bibcode:2022CBMat.34027852W. doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2022.127852.
Ebeling, Sandra; Naumann, Katrin; Pollok, Simone; Wardecki, Tina; Vidal-y-Sy, Sabine; Nascimento, Juliana M.; Boerries, Melanie; Schmidt, Gudula; Brandner, Johanna M.; Merfort, Irmgard (22 January 2014). "From a Traditional Medicinal Plant to a Rational Drug: Understanding the Clinically Proven Wound Healing Efficacy of Birch Bark Extract". PLOS ONE. 9 (1) e86147. Bibcode:2014PLoSO...986147E. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0086147. PMC 3899119. PMID 24465925.

archive.org (Global: 6^th place; English: 6^th place)

Keeler, Harriet L. (1900). Our Native Trees and How to Identify Them. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. pp. 295–297.
Angier, Bradford (1974). Field Guide to Edible Wild Plants. Harrisburg, PA: Stackpole Books. p. 34. ISBN 0-8117-0616-8. OCLC 799792.
Weiss, Peg; Kandinsky, Wassily (1995). Kandinsky and Old Russia: the artist as ethnographer and shaman. New Haven: Yale University Press. p. 36. ISBN 0-300-05647-8. OCLC 30701876.
Parini, Jay (1999). Robert Frost: A Life. New York: Halt. p. 22. ISBN 0-8050-3181-2.

bbc.co.uk (Global: 11^th place; English: 10^th place)

Kinver, Mark (30 September 2015). "UK team germinates critically endangered Japanese birch". BBC News. BBC. Retrieved 30 September 2015.

bonappetit.com (Global: 7,699^th place; English: 4,301^st place)

Park, Michael Y. (2014-06-07). "Which Type of Wood Should You Use for Smoking Meat?". Bon Appétit. Retrieved 2026-03-28.

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; English: 3^rd place)

Mallory, J. P.; Adams, Douglas Q. (1997). Encyclopedia of Indo-European Culture. Taylor & Francis. pp. 65–6. ISBN 978-1-884964-98-5.
Fagan, Deirdre J. (2007). Critical Companion to Robert Frost: A Literary Reference to His Life and Work. Infobase Publishing. p. 42. ISBN 978-1-4381-0854-4. Retrieved 10 November 2013.

bushcraftuk.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Birch Tar – How to collect it". Archived from the original on February 27, 2008.

carleton.edu (Global: low place; English: 7,913^th place)

"Recognizing Trees Using Bark". Cowling Arboretum Carleton College. 19 April 2019. Retrieved 2022-04-27.

collectionswa.net.au (Global: low place; English: low place)

"PUNISHMENT BIRCH". collectionswa.net.au. Retrieved 2026-03-28.

craftcouncil.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Inside the Birchbark Canoe". American Craft Council. Retrieved 2025-03-09.

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

Forest, Félix; Savolainen, Vincent; Chase, Mark W.; Lupia, Richard; Bruneau, Anne; Crane, Peter R. (January 2005). "Teasing Apart Molecular- Versus Fossil-based Error Estimates when Dating Phylogenetic Trees: A Case Study in the Birch Family (Betulaceae)". Systematic Botany. 30 (1): 118–133. Bibcode:2005SysBo..30..118F. doi:10.1600/0363644053661850.
Wang, Tianxiang; Wang, Yue; Crocetti, Roberto; Wålinder, Magnus (July 2022). "In-plane mechanical properties of birch plywood". Construction and Building Materials. 340 127852. Bibcode:2022CBMat.34027852W. doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2022.127852.
Ebeling, Sandra; Naumann, Katrin; Pollok, Simone; Wardecki, Tina; Vidal-y-Sy, Sabine; Nascimento, Juliana M.; Boerries, Melanie; Schmidt, Gudula; Brandner, Johanna M.; Merfort, Irmgard (22 January 2014). "From a Traditional Medicinal Plant to a Rational Drug: Understanding the Clinically Proven Wound Healing Efficacy of Birch Bark Extract". PLOS ONE. 9 (1) e86147. Bibcode:2014PLoSO...986147E. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0086147. PMC 3899119. PMID 24465925.

europa.eu (Global: 62^nd place; English: 100^th place)

ema.europa.eu

"Episalvan". European Medicines Agency. 5 February 2016. Retrieved 29 October 2020.

ewhannas.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

tmswebsiteadmin (2021-09-21). "What Kind of Wood Are Popsicle Sticks Made of? | Blog | EW Hannas". E.W. Hannas Inc. Retrieved 2025-05-03.

g4dcv.co.uk (Global: low place; English: low place)

Prakel, David (August 1979). "BBC's Home Service" Archived 2013-12-06 at the Wayback Machine, Hi-Fi Answers, pp67–9 (Courtesy link)

hetkisauna.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

en.hetkisauna.com

Sauna, Hetki (2024-06-21). "What is that birch twig bundle in a Finnish sauna?". Hetkisauna. Retrieved 2026-03-28.

kew.org (Global: 100^th place; English: 140^th place)

apps.kew.org

"World Checklist of Selected Plant Families: Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew". apps.kew.org.

kurochkaclothing.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"The Birch: Russia's Tree | News & Info". kurochkaclothing.com. Retrieved 2018-09-24.

lww.com (Global: 2,576^th place; English: 2,635^th place)

journals.lww.com

Clark, William Arthur (January 1937). "History of fracture treatment up to the sixteenth century". The Journal of Bone & Joint Surgery. 19 (1): 47–63. Another method cited was that of splints made of birch bark soaked in water until quite soft. They were then carefully fitted to the limb and tied with bark thongs. On drying, they became stiff and firm. There is no record of the use of extension, but, nevertheless, very few crippled and deformed Indians were to be seen.

medium.com (Global: 651^st place; English: 479^th place)

Pavlova, Ekaterina (2024-03-23). "a Birch tree in Slavic folklore". Medium. Retrieved 2026-03-28.

merrycoz.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

Pfileger, Pat. "Our Young Folks: Swinging on a Birch-Tree, by Lucy Larcom & Winslow Homer (1867)". Merry Coz.

nih.gov (Global: 5^th place; English: 5^th place)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Ebeling, Sandra; Naumann, Katrin; Pollok, Simone; Wardecki, Tina; Vidal-y-Sy, Sabine; Nascimento, Juliana M.; Boerries, Melanie; Schmidt, Gudula; Brandner, Johanna M.; Merfort, Irmgard (22 January 2014). "From a Traditional Medicinal Plant to a Rational Drug: Understanding the Clinically Proven Wound Healing Efficacy of Birch Bark Extract". PLOS ONE. 9 (1) e86147. Bibcode:2014PLoSO...986147E. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0086147. PMC 3899119. PMID 24465925.

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Ebeling, Sandra; Naumann, Katrin; Pollok, Simone; Wardecki, Tina; Vidal-y-Sy, Sabine; Nascimento, Juliana M.; Boerries, Melanie; Schmidt, Gudula; Brandner, Johanna M.; Merfort, Irmgard (22 January 2014). "From a Traditional Medicinal Plant to a Rational Drug: Understanding the Clinically Proven Wound Healing Efficacy of Birch Bark Extract". PLOS ONE. 9 (1) e86147. Bibcode:2014PLoSO...986147E. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0086147. PMC 3899119. PMID 24465925.

rasp.org.al (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Traditional celebrations in Novosej". RASP. Archived from the original on December 3, 2013. Retrieved August 28, 2013.

reapermini.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Joyce, Daniel. "Birch Seed Leaves". reapermini.com. Archived from the original on 2010-12-31. Retrieved 2010-04-09.

sagaan.de (Global: low place; English: low place)

"The history of birch bark". Sagaan. Retrieved 2026-03-28.

thespruce.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"11 Birch Trees Common to North American Landscapes". The Spruce. Retrieved 2022-04-27.

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

"Birch". Wood Magazine. Archived from the original on February 21, 2015. Retrieved December 1, 2013.
"Birch Tar – How to collect it". Archived from the original on February 27, 2008.
Prakel, David (August 1979). "BBC's Home Service" Archived 2013-12-06 at the Wayback Machine, Hi-Fi Answers, pp67–9 (Courtesy link)
Joyce, Daniel. "Birch Seed Leaves". reapermini.com. Archived from the original on 2010-12-31. Retrieved 2010-04-09.
"Traditional celebrations in Novosej". RASP. Archived from the original on December 3, 2013. Retrieved August 28, 2013.

woodmagazine.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Birch". Wood Magazine. Archived from the original on February 21, 2015. Retrieved December 1, 2013.

worldcat.org (Global: 4^th place; English: 4^th place)

search.worldcat.org

Angier, Bradford (1974). Field Guide to Edible Wild Plants. Harrisburg, PA: Stackpole Books. p. 34. ISBN 0-8117-0616-8. OCLC 799792.
Weiss, Peg; Kandinsky, Wassily (1995). Kandinsky and Old Russia: the artist as ethnographer and shaman. New Haven: Yale University Press. p. 36. ISBN 0-300-05647-8. OCLC 30701876.

yamaha.com (Global: 7,234^th place; English: 6,868^th place)

hub.yamaha.com

Cerra, Steve La (2022-01-21). "A Brief Guide to Drum Tonewoods". Yamaha Music – Blog. Retrieved 2024-09-03.

Birch (English Wikipedia)

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