Bison (English Wikipedia)

Vislobokova, I. A.; Titov, V. V.; Yarmolchyk, I. A. (2026). "Bison (Eobison) constantini sp. nov. (Artiodactyla, Bovidae) from the Lower Pleistocene of Taurida Cave in the Crimea and Some Aspects of the History of the Subgenus Eobison". Paleontological Journal. 60 (1): 85–100. Bibcode:2026PalJ...60...85V. doi:10.1134/S003103012560129X.
Boeskorov, Gennady G.; Potapova, Olga R.; Protopopov, Albert V.; Plotnikov, Valery V.; Agenbroad, Larry D.; Kirikov, Konstantin S.; Pavlov, Innokenty S.; Shchelchkova, Marina V.; Belolyubskii, Innocenty N.; Tomshin, Mikhail D.; Kowalczyk, Rafal; Davydov, Sergey P.; Kolesov, Stanislav D.; Tikhonov, Alexey N.; van der Plicht, Johannes (June 2016). "The Yukagir Bison: The exterior morphology of a complete frozen mummy of the extinct steppe bison, Bison priscus from the early Holocene of northern Yakutia, Russia". Quaternary International. 406: 94–110. Bibcode:2016QuInt.406...94B. doi:10.1016/j.quaint.2015.11.084. hdl:11370/9b970d19-a564-49ba-9391-4f1a97d1885a.
Grange, Thierry; Brugal, Jean-Philip; Flori, Laurence; Gautier, Mathieu; Uzunidis, Antigone; Geigl, Eva-Maria (September 2018). "The Evolution and Population Diversity of Bison in Pleistocene and Holocene Eurasia: Sex Matters". Diversity. 10 (3): 65. Bibcode:2018Diver..10...65G. doi:10.3390/d10030065.
Zver, Lars; Toškan, Borut; Bužan, Elena (September 2021). "Phylogeny of Late Pleistocene and Holocene Bison species in Europe and North America". Quaternary International. 595: 30–38. Bibcode:2021QuInt.595...30Z. doi:10.1016/j.quaint.2021.04.022.
Sorbelli, Leonardo; Alba, David M.; Cherin, Marco; Moullé, Pierre-Élie; Brugal, Jean-Philip; Madurell-Malapeira, Joan (June 2021). "A review on Bison schoetensacki and its closest relatives through the early-Middle Pleistocene transition: Insights from the Vallparadís Section (NE Iberian Peninsula) and other European localities". Quaternary Science Reviews. 261 106933. Bibcode:2021QSRv..26106933S. doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2021.106933.
Froese, Duane; Stiller, Mathias; Heintzman, Peter D.; Reyes, Alberto V.; Zazula, Grant D.; Soares, André E. R.; Meyer, Matthias; Hall, Elizabeth; Jensen, Britta J. L.; Arnold, Lee J.; MacPhee, Ross D. E.; Shapiro, Beth (28 March 2017). "Fossil and genomic evidence constrains the timing of bison arrival in North America". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 114 (13): 3457–3462. Bibcode:2017PNAS..114.3457F. doi:10.1073/pnas.1620754114. PMC 5380047. PMID 28289222.
Wilson, M.C.; Hills, L.V.; Shapiro, B. (2008). "Late Pleistocene northward-dispersing Bison antiquus from the Bighill Creek Formation, Gallelli Gravel Pit, Alberta, Canada, and the fate of Bison occidentalis". Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences. 45 (7): 827–59. Bibcode:2008CaJES..45..827W. doi:10.1139/E08-027.
Zazula, Grant D.; Hall, Elizabeth; Hare, P. Gregory; Thomas, Christian; Mathewes, Rolf; La Farge, Catherine; Martel, André L.; Heintzman, Peter D.; Shapiro, Beth (November 2017). "A middle Holocene steppe bison and paleoenvironments from the Versleuce Meadows, Whitehorse, Yukon, Canada". Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences. 54 (11): 1138–1152. Bibcode:2017CaJES..54.1138Z. doi:10.1139/cjes-2017-0100. hdl:1807/78639.
Halbert, N.; Gogan, P.; Hiebert, R.; Derr, J. (2007). "Where the buffalo roam: The role of history and genetics in the conservation of bison on U.S. federal lands". Park Science. 24 (2): 22–29. Bibcode:2007PaSci..24...22H. Archived from the original on 3 March 2013.
Polziehn, R.; Strobeck, C.; Sheraton, J.; Beech, R. (1995). "Bovine mtDNA Discovered in North American Bison Populations". Conservation Biology. 9 (6): 1638–1643 (1642). Bibcode:1995ConBi...9.1638P. doi:10.1046/j.1523-1739.1995.09061638.x.
Ranglack DH, Dobson LK, du Toit JT, Derr J (17 December 2015). "Genetic Analysis of the Henry Mountains Bison Herd". PLOS ONE. 10 (12) e0144239. Bibcode:2015PLoSO..1044239R. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0144239. PMC 4682953. PMID 26673758.
Mary Meagher, Margaret E. Meyer (September 1994). "On the Origin of Brucellosis in Bison of Yellowstone National Park: A Review". Conservation Biology. 8 (3): 645–653. Bibcode:1994ConBi...8..645M. doi:10.1046/j.1523-1739.1994.08030645.x. JSTOR 2386505.
Sinding, M.-H. S.; Ciucani, M. M.; Ramos-Madrigal, J.; Carmagnini, A.; Rasmussen, J. A.; Feng, S.; Chen, G.; Vieira, F. G.; Mattiangeli, V.; Ganjoo, R. K.; Larson, G.; Sicheritz-Pontén, T.; Petersen, B.; Frantz, L.; Gilbert, M. T. P. (2021). "Kouprey (Bos sauveli) genomes unveil polytomic origin of wild Asian Bos". iScience. 24 (11) 103226. Bibcode:2021iSci...24j3226S. doi:10.1016/j.isci.2021.103226. PMC 8531564. PMID 34712923.
Kuemmerle, Tobias; Perzanowski, Kajetan; Chaskovskyy, Oleh; Ostapowicz, Katarzyna; Halada, Lubos; Bashta, Andriy-Taras; Kruhlov, Ivan; Hostert, Patrick; Waller, Donald M.; Radeloff, Volker C. (April 2010). "European Bison habitat in the Carpathian Mountains". Biological Conservation. 143 (4): 908–916. Bibcode:2010BCons.143..908K. doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2009.12.038.
Craine, Joseph M.; Towne, E. Gene; Miller, Mary; Fierer, Noah (16 November 2015). "Climatic warming and the future of bison as grazers". Scientific Reports. 5 (1) 16738. Bibcode:2015NatSR...516738C. doi:10.1038/srep16738. PMC 4645125. PMID 26567987.
Leonard, Joshua L.; Perkins, Lora B.; Lammers, Duane J.; Jenks, Jonathan A. (2017). "Are Bison Intermediate Feeders? Unveiling Summer Diet Selection at the Northern Fringe of Historical Distribution". Rangeland Ecology & Management. 70 (4): 405–410. Bibcode:2017REcoM..70..405L. doi:10.1016/j.rama.2017.01.005. hdl:10150/667459.
Painter, Luke E.; Ripple, William J. (2012). "Effects of bison on willow and cottonwood in northern Yellowstone National Park". Forest Ecology and Management. 264: 150–158. Bibcode:2012ForEM.264..150P. doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2011.10.010.
Allred, Brady W.; Fuhlendorf, Samuel D.; Engle, David M.; Elmore, R. Dwayne (October 2011). "Ungulate preference for burned patches reveals strength of fire–grazing interaction". Ecology and Evolution. 1 (2): 132–144. Bibcode:2011EcoEv...1..132A. doi:10.1002/ece3.12. PMC 3287302. PMID 22393490.
Craine; et al. (2013). "Precipitation timing and grazer performance in a tallgrass prairie". Oikos. 122 (2): 191–198. Bibcode:2013Oikos.122..191C. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0706.2012.20400.x.
Hamel, Sandra (2012). "Maternal allocation in bison: co-occurrence of senescence, cost of reproduction, and individual quality". Ecological Applications. 22 (5): 1628–1639. Bibcode:2012EcoAp..22.1628H. doi:10.1890/11-2181.1. PMID 22908718.
Kunvar, Sazia; Czarnomska, Sylwia; Pertoldi, Cino; Stronen, Astrid V.; Ruczyńska, Iwona; Tokarska, Małgorzata (2025). "A lethal disease of the European bison – posthitis is conditionally determined by its genomics". Scientific Reports. 15 (1) 4483. Bibcode:2025NatSR..15.4483K. doi:10.1038/s41598-025-88702-0. PMC 11802879. PMID 39915645.

amnh.org (Global: 454^th place; English: 907^th place)

research.amnh.org

"Glossary. American Museum of Natural History". Archived from the original on 20 November 2021.

animaldiversity.org (Global: 1,343^rd place; English: 1,384^th place)

Hendricks, K. "Bison bonasus, European bison" Archived 20 July 2021 at the Wayback Machine, Animal Diversity Web, 2013.

archive.org (Global: 6^th place; English: 6^th place)

Sapp, Rick (2006). Trophy Bowhunting: Plan the Hunt of a Lifetime and Bag One for the Record Books (illustrated ed.). Stackpole. ISBN 978-0-8117-3315-1.
Lott, Dale F. (2003). American Bison: A Natural History. University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-24062-9.

aupress.ca (Global: low place; English: low place)

Brink, Jack W. (2008). Imagining Head-Smashed-In: Aboriginal Buffalo Hunting on the Northern Plains (PDF). Athabasca University Press. ISBN 978-1-897425-09-1. Archived (PDF) from the original on 16 December 2011.

bbc.co.uk (Global: 11^th place; English: 10^th place)

"Chernobyl's Przewalski's horses are poached for meat". BBC. Archived from the original on 31 December 2016. Retrieved 13 March 2017.

billingsgazette.com (Global: 8,606^th place; English: 4,361^st place)

French, Brett. "Bison carcasses cleaned up outside Yellowstone following heavy winter of hunting". Billings Gazette. Retrieved 12 March 2023.

bison-ebcc.eu (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Actual, and Potential Threats". European Bison Conservation Center. Archived from the original on 4 September 2012. Retrieved 17 June 2013.

bisoncentral.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"| National Bison Association". Bisoncentral.com. Archived from the original on 20 January 2011. Retrieved 19 February 2011.

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; English: 3^rd place)

Newman, Edward, ed. (1859). "Notice of the Various Species of Bovine Animals". The Zoologist. 17: 6362. Archived from the original on 6 July 2014.
Ludwig N. Carbyn; S. Oosenbrug; D. W. Anions; Canadian Circumpolar Institute (1993). Wolves, bison and the dynamics related to the Peace-Athabasca Delta in Canada's Wood Buffalo National Park. Canadian Circumpolar Institute. ISBN 978-0-919058-83-5. Retrieved 10 July 2012.

bozemandailychronicle.com (Global: low place; English: 8,294^th place)

Schontzler, Gail (30 October 2011). "Citizen Turner: Billionaire makes homes in Montana, where the buffalo can roam". Bozeman Daily Chronicle. Archived from the original on 2 August 2022. Retrieved 12 February 2021.

cbc.ca (Global: 110^th place; English: 65^th place)

"Anthrax kills bison in southern N.W.T." CBC.CA. 8 July 2006. Archived from the original on 6 January 2009.

cdc.gov (Global: 251^st place; English: 248^th place)

Cherry, C; Leong, K; Wallen, R; Buttke, D (2016). "Notes from the Field. Injuries Associated with Bison Encounters — Yellowstone National Park, 2015". MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 65 (11): 293–294. doi:10.15585/mmwr.mm6511a5. PMID 27010506. Archived from the original on 24 June 2017. Retrieved 8 September 2017.

dogfoodinsider.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Taste Of The Wild Dog Food Review Archived 1 March 2021 at the Wayback Machine DogFoodInsider.com

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

Vislobokova, I. A.; Titov, V. V.; Yarmolchyk, I. A. (2026). "Bison (Eobison) constantini sp. nov. (Artiodactyla, Bovidae) from the Lower Pleistocene of Taurida Cave in the Crimea and Some Aspects of the History of the Subgenus Eobison". Paleontological Journal. 60 (1): 85–100. Bibcode:2026PalJ...60...85V. doi:10.1134/S003103012560129X.
Boeskorov, Gennady G.; Potapova, Olga R.; Protopopov, Albert V.; Plotnikov, Valery V.; Agenbroad, Larry D.; Kirikov, Konstantin S.; Pavlov, Innokenty S.; Shchelchkova, Marina V.; Belolyubskii, Innocenty N.; Tomshin, Mikhail D.; Kowalczyk, Rafal; Davydov, Sergey P.; Kolesov, Stanislav D.; Tikhonov, Alexey N.; van der Plicht, Johannes (June 2016). "The Yukagir Bison: The exterior morphology of a complete frozen mummy of the extinct steppe bison, Bison priscus from the early Holocene of northern Yakutia, Russia". Quaternary International. 406: 94–110. Bibcode:2016QuInt.406...94B. doi:10.1016/j.quaint.2015.11.084. hdl:11370/9b970d19-a564-49ba-9391-4f1a97d1885a.
Aune, K.; Jørgensen, D. & Gates, C. (2018) [errata version of 2017 assessment]. "Bison bison". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017 e.T2815A123789863. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T2815A45156541.en.
Verkaar, Edward L. C.; Nijman, Isaäc J.; Beeke, Maurice; Hanekamp, Eline; Lenstra, Johannes A. (22 January 2004). "Maternal and Paternal Lineages in Cross-Breeding Bovine Species. Has Wisent a Hybrid Origin?". Molecular Biology and Evolution. 21 (7): 1165–1170. doi:10.1093/molbev/msh064. PMID 14739241.
Wang, Kun; Lenstra, Johannes A.; Liu, Liang; Hu, Quanjun; Ma, Tao; Qiu, Qiang; Liu, Jianquan (19 October 2018). "Incomplete lineage sorting rather than hybridization explains the inconsistent phylogeny of the wisent". Communications Biology. 1 (1) 169. doi:10.1038/s42003-018-0176-6. PMC 6195592. PMID 30374461.
Grange, Thierry; Brugal, Jean-Philip; Flori, Laurence; Gautier, Mathieu; Uzunidis, Antigone; Geigl, Eva-Maria (September 2018). "The Evolution and Population Diversity of Bison in Pleistocene and Holocene Eurasia: Sex Matters". Diversity. 10 (3): 65. Bibcode:2018Diver..10...65G. doi:10.3390/d10030065.
Zver, Lars; Toškan, Borut; Bužan, Elena (September 2021). "Phylogeny of Late Pleistocene and Holocene Bison species in Europe and North America". Quaternary International. 595: 30–38. Bibcode:2021QuInt.595...30Z. doi:10.1016/j.quaint.2021.04.022.
Sorbelli, Leonardo; Alba, David M.; Cherin, Marco; Moullé, Pierre-Élie; Brugal, Jean-Philip; Madurell-Malapeira, Joan (June 2021). "A review on Bison schoetensacki and its closest relatives through the early-Middle Pleistocene transition: Insights from the Vallparadís Section (NE Iberian Peninsula) and other European localities". Quaternary Science Reviews. 261 106933. Bibcode:2021QSRv..26106933S. doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2021.106933.
Froese, Duane; Stiller, Mathias; Heintzman, Peter D.; Reyes, Alberto V.; Zazula, Grant D.; Soares, André E. R.; Meyer, Matthias; Hall, Elizabeth; Jensen, Britta J. L.; Arnold, Lee J.; MacPhee, Ross D. E.; Shapiro, Beth (28 March 2017). "Fossil and genomic evidence constrains the timing of bison arrival in North America". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 114 (13): 3457–3462. Bibcode:2017PNAS..114.3457F. doi:10.1073/pnas.1620754114. PMC 5380047. PMID 28289222.
Wilson, M.C.; Hills, L.V.; Shapiro, B. (2008). "Late Pleistocene northward-dispersing Bison antiquus from the Bighill Creek Formation, Gallelli Gravel Pit, Alberta, Canada, and the fate of Bison occidentalis". Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences. 45 (7): 827–59. Bibcode:2008CaJES..45..827W. doi:10.1139/E08-027.
Zazula, Grant D.; Hall, Elizabeth; Hare, P. Gregory; Thomas, Christian; Mathewes, Rolf; La Farge, Catherine; Martel, André L.; Heintzman, Peter D.; Shapiro, Beth (November 2017). "A middle Holocene steppe bison and paleoenvironments from the Versleuce Meadows, Whitehorse, Yukon, Canada". Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences. 54 (11): 1138–1152. Bibcode:2017CaJES..54.1138Z. doi:10.1139/cjes-2017-0100. hdl:1807/78639.
Hedrick, P. W. (July 2009). "Conservation Genetics and North American Bison (Bison bison)". Journal of Heredity. 100 (4): 411–420. doi:10.1093/jhered/esp024. PMID 19414501.
Polziehn, R.; Strobeck, C.; Sheraton, J.; Beech, R. (1995). "Bovine mtDNA Discovered in North American Bison Populations". Conservation Biology. 9 (6): 1638–1643 (1642). Bibcode:1995ConBi...9.1638P. doi:10.1046/j.1523-1739.1995.09061638.x.
Ranglack DH, Dobson LK, du Toit JT, Derr J (17 December 2015). "Genetic Analysis of the Henry Mountains Bison Herd". PLOS ONE. 10 (12) e0144239. Bibcode:2015PLoSO..1044239R. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0144239. PMC 4682953. PMID 26673758.
Mary Meagher, Margaret E. Meyer (September 1994). "On the Origin of Brucellosis in Bison of Yellowstone National Park: A Review". Conservation Biology. 8 (3): 645–653. Bibcode:1994ConBi...8..645M. doi:10.1046/j.1523-1739.1994.08030645.x. JSTOR 2386505.
Wang, Kun; Lenstra, Johannes A.; Liu, Liang; Hu, Quanjun; Ma, Tao; Qiu, Qiang; Liu, Jianquan (19 October 2018). "Incomplete lineage sorting rather than hybridization explains the inconsistent phylogeny of the wisent". Communications Biology. 1 (1) 169. doi:10.1038/s42003-018-0176-6. PMC 6195592. PMID 30374461.
Sinding, M.-H. S.; Ciucani, M. M.; Ramos-Madrigal, J.; Carmagnini, A.; Rasmussen, J. A.; Feng, S.; Chen, G.; Vieira, F. G.; Mattiangeli, V.; Ganjoo, R. K.; Larson, G.; Sicheritz-Pontén, T.; Petersen, B.; Frantz, L.; Gilbert, M. T. P. (2021). "Kouprey (Bos sauveli) genomes unveil polytomic origin of wild Asian Bos". iScience. 24 (11) 103226. Bibcode:2021iSci...24j3226S. doi:10.1016/j.isci.2021.103226. PMC 8531564. PMID 34712923.
McMillan, B. R.; Cottam, M. R.; Kaufman, D. W. (2000). "Wallowing Behavior of American Bison (Bos bison)". American Midland Naturalist. 144 (1): 159–167. doi:10.1674/0003-0031(2000)144[0159:wboabb]2.0.co;2. JSTOR 3083019.
van Vuren, Dirk; Bray, Martin P. (1986). "Population Dynamics of Bison in the Henry Mountains, Utah". Journal of Mammalogy. 67 (3): 503–511. doi:10.2307/1381282. JSTOR 1381282.
Kuemmerle, Tobias; Perzanowski, Kajetan; Chaskovskyy, Oleh; Ostapowicz, Katarzyna; Halada, Lubos; Bashta, Andriy-Taras; Kruhlov, Ivan; Hostert, Patrick; Waller, Donald M.; Radeloff, Volker C. (April 2010). "European Bison habitat in the Carpathian Mountains". Biological Conservation. 143 (4): 908–916. Bibcode:2010BCons.143..908K. doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2009.12.038.
Craine, Joseph M.; Towne, E. Gene; Miller, Mary; Fierer, Noah (16 November 2015). "Climatic warming and the future of bison as grazers". Scientific Reports. 5 (1) 16738. Bibcode:2015NatSR...516738C. doi:10.1038/srep16738. PMC 4645125. PMID 26567987.
Leonard, Joshua L.; Perkins, Lora B.; Lammers, Duane J.; Jenks, Jonathan A. (2017). "Are Bison Intermediate Feeders? Unveiling Summer Diet Selection at the Northern Fringe of Historical Distribution". Rangeland Ecology & Management. 70 (4): 405–410. Bibcode:2017REcoM..70..405L. doi:10.1016/j.rama.2017.01.005. hdl:10150/667459.
Painter, Luke E.; Ripple, William J. (2012). "Effects of bison on willow and cottonwood in northern Yellowstone National Park". Forest Ecology and Management. 264: 150–158. Bibcode:2012ForEM.264..150P. doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2011.10.010.
Frank, Douglas A.; McNaughton, Samuel J.; Tracy, Benjamin F. (1 July 1998). "The Ecology of the Earth's Grazing Ecosystems". BioScience. 48 (7): 513–521. doi:10.2307/1313313. JSTOR 1313313.
Allred, Brady W.; Fuhlendorf, Samuel D.; Engle, David M.; Elmore, R. Dwayne (October 2011). "Ungulate preference for burned patches reveals strength of fire–grazing interaction". Ecology and Evolution. 1 (2): 132–144. Bibcode:2011EcoEv...1..132A. doi:10.1002/ece3.12. PMC 3287302. PMID 22393490.
Baskin, Leonid; Danell, Kjell (2003). "European Bison Wisent — Bison bonasus: Bison bonasus Linnaeus, 1758. Artiodactyla, Bovidae, Bovinae". Ecology of Ungulates. pp. 187–198. doi:10.1007/978-3-662-06820-5_12. ISBN 978-3-642-07852-1.
Craine; et al. (2013). "Precipitation timing and grazer performance in a tallgrass prairie". Oikos. 122 (2): 191–198. Bibcode:2013Oikos.122..191C. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0706.2012.20400.x.
Hamel, Sandra (2012). "Maternal allocation in bison: co-occurrence of senescence, cost of reproduction, and individual quality". Ecological Applications. 22 (5): 1628–1639. Bibcode:2012EcoAp..22.1628H. doi:10.1890/11-2181.1. PMID 22908718.
Kunvar, Sazia; Czarnomska, Sylwia; Pertoldi, Cino; Stronen, Astrid V.; Ruczyńska, Iwona; Tokarska, Małgorzata (2025). "A lethal disease of the European bison – posthitis is conditionally determined by its genomics". Scientific Reports. 15 (1) 4483. Bibcode:2025NatSR..15.4483K. doi:10.1038/s41598-025-88702-0. PMC 11802879. PMID 39915645.
Palmer, T.S. (1904). "Index Generum Mammalium: a List of the Genera and Families of Mammals" (PDF). North American Fauna. 23: 137. doi:10.3996/nafa.23.0001. Archived (PDF) from the original on 6 February 2025. Retrieved 4 November 2024.
Isenberg, Andrew C. (2000). The Destruction of the Bison. pp. 136–7, 151–2. doi:10.1017/CBO9780511549861. ISBN 978-0-521-77172-6.
Cherry, C; Leong, K; Wallen, R; Buttke, D (2016). "Notes from the Field. Injuries Associated with Bison Encounters — Yellowstone National Park, 2015". MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 65 (11): 293–294. doi:10.15585/mmwr.mm6511a5. PMID 27010506. Archived from the original on 24 June 2017. Retrieved 8 September 2017.
Paz-Garcia, David A. (2024). eLife Assessment: Most Beefalo cattle have no detectable bison genetic ancestry (Preprint). doi:10.7554/elife.102750.1.sa3.

fnal.gov (Global: 6,350^th place; English: 7,243^rd place)

ed.fnal.gov

"Are Bison an Endangered Species?". Fermilab Science Education Office. Leon M. Lederman Science Education Center, Fermilab. Archived from the original on 27 September 2013. Retrieved 21 June 2013.

fws.gov (Global: 2,032^nd place; English: 1,082^nd place)

ecos.fws.gov

"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Species Report". Archived from the original on 19 October 2011. Retrieved 3 June 2009.
"Wood Bison". U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service ECOS Environmental Conservation Online System. Archived from the original on 14 March 2017. Retrieved 13 March 2017.

hal.science (Global: 2,005^th place; English: 1,689^th place)

Sorbelli, Leonardo; Alba, David M.; Cherin, Marco; Moullé, Pierre-Élie; Brugal, Jean-Philip; Madurell-Malapeira, Joan (June 2021). "A review on Bison schoetensacki and its closest relatives through the early-Middle Pleistocene transition: Insights from the Vallparadís Section (NE Iberian Peninsula) and other European localities". Quaternary Science Reviews. 261 106933. Bibcode:2021QSRv..26106933S. doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2021.106933.

hdl.handle.net (Global: 66^th place; English: 34^th place)

Boeskorov, Gennady G.; Potapova, Olga R.; Protopopov, Albert V.; Plotnikov, Valery V.; Agenbroad, Larry D.; Kirikov, Konstantin S.; Pavlov, Innokenty S.; Shchelchkova, Marina V.; Belolyubskii, Innocenty N.; Tomshin, Mikhail D.; Kowalczyk, Rafal; Davydov, Sergey P.; Kolesov, Stanislav D.; Tikhonov, Alexey N.; van der Plicht, Johannes (June 2016). "The Yukagir Bison: The exterior morphology of a complete frozen mummy of the extinct steppe bison, Bison priscus from the early Holocene of northern Yakutia, Russia". Quaternary International. 406: 94–110. Bibcode:2016QuInt.406...94B. doi:10.1016/j.quaint.2015.11.084. hdl:11370/9b970d19-a564-49ba-9391-4f1a97d1885a.
Zazula, Grant D.; Hall, Elizabeth; Hare, P. Gregory; Thomas, Christian; Mathewes, Rolf; La Farge, Catherine; Martel, André L.; Heintzman, Peter D.; Shapiro, Beth (November 2017). "A middle Holocene steppe bison and paleoenvironments from the Versleuce Meadows, Whitehorse, Yukon, Canada". Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences. 54 (11): 1138–1152. Bibcode:2017CaJES..54.1138Z. doi:10.1139/cjes-2017-0100. hdl:1807/78639.
Leonard, Joshua L.; Perkins, Lora B.; Lammers, Duane J.; Jenks, Jonathan A. (2017). "Are Bison Intermediate Feeders? Unveiling Summer Diet Selection at the Northern Fringe of Historical Distribution". Rangeland Ecology & Management. 70 (4): 405–410. Bibcode:2017REcoM..70..405L. doi:10.1016/j.rama.2017.01.005. hdl:10150/667459.

ibmp.info (Global: low place; English: low place)

Geremia C, Wallen R, White PJ. Population dynamics and adaptive management of Yellowstone bison. Archived 28 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine Mammoth Hot Springs, WY: Yellowstone National Park, National Park Service; 2015.

indiancountrytodaymedianetwork.com (Global: low place; English: 6,447^th place)

Jawort, Adrian (17 April 2013). "Shot, Left to Rot: Montana Officials Kill Bison Bull Wandering Outside Yellowstone National Park". Indian Country Today. Archived from the original on 18 April 2013. Retrieved 18 April 2013.
Hansen, Terri (12 May 2013). "Montana Governor Vetoes Three Anti-Bison Bills, Lets the Hunt Stand". Indian Country Today Media Network. Archived from the original on 22 May 2013. Retrieved 17 June 2013.

itis.gov (Global: 241^st place; English: 478^th place)

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Bison (English Wikipedia)

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