Bitumen (English Wikipedia)

"Facts about Alberta's oil sands and its industry" (PDF). Oil Sands Discovery Centre. Archived from the original (PDF) on 23 November 2015. Retrieved 19 January 2015.
"Bitumount". Government of Alberta. 2016. Retrieved 20 January 2016.

anton-paar.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

wiki.anton-paar.com

"Particle Size in Building Materials: From Cement to Bitumen". Anton Paar.

archive.org (Global: 6^th place; English: 6^th place)

Abraham, Herbert (1938). Asphalts and Allied Substances: Their Occurrence, Modes of Production, Uses in the Arts, and Methods of Testing (4th ed.). New York: D. Van Nostrand Co., Inc.
census, 1900, United States Census Office 12th; Steuart, William Mott; Census, United States Bureau of the (1905). Mines and quarries 1902. Govt. Print. Off. p. 980. Bitumen mixed with clay was usually called asphaltum.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
Pedanius Dioscorides (1829). De Materia Medica. Original written c. 40 AD, translated by Goodyer (1655) or (Greek/Latin) compiled by Sprengel (1829) p. 100 (p. 145 in PDF).
Salmon, William (7 September 1685). "Polygraphice, or The arts of drawing, engraving, etching, limning, painting, washing, varnishing, gilding, colouring, dying, beautifying and perfuming: in seven books ... to which also is added, I. The one hundred and twelve chemical arcanums of Petrus Johannes Faber ... II. An abstract of choice chemical preparations...The 5th edition..." London : Printed for Thomas Passinger... and Thomas Sawbridge – via Internet Archive.
"Comments on asphalt patents of R.T. Claridge, Esq". Notes and Queries: A medium of intercommunication for Literary Men, General Readers, etc. Ninth series. Vol. XII, July–December, 1903 (9th S. XII, 4 July 1903). London: John C. Francis. 20 January 1904. pp. 18–19. Writer is replying to note or query from previous publication, cited as 9th S. xi. 30
Phipson, Dr T. Lamb (1902). Confessions of a Violinist: Realities and Romance. London: Chatto & Windus. p. 11. Full text at Internet Archive (archive.org)
Gerhard, W.M. Paul (1908). Modern Baths and Bath Houses (1st ed.). New York: John Wiley and Sons. (Enter "asphalt" into the search field for list of pages discussing the subject)
"Claridge's Patent Asphalte Co. ventures into tarred slag macadam", Concrete and Constructional Engineering, IX (1), London: 760, January 1914
"Clarmac and Clarphalte", The Building News and Engineering Journal, 109: July to December 1915 (3157): 2–4 (n. 13–15 in electronic page field), 7 July 1915
Roads laid with Clarmac The Building News and Engineering Journal, 1915 109 (3157), p.3 (n14 in electronic field).

asphaltpavement.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

The Asphalt Paving Industry: A Global Perspective, 2nd Edition (PDF). Lanham, Maryland, and Brussels: National Asphalt Pavement Association and European Asphalt Pavement Association. 2011. ISBN 978-0-914313-06-9. Archived from the original (PDF) on 7 January 2014. Retrieved 27 September 2012.
"Asphalt Pavement Recycling". Annual Asphalt Pavement Industry Survey on Recycled Materials and Warm-Mix Asphalt Usage: 2018. National Asphalt Pavement Association. Archived from the original on 23 January 2020. Retrieved 14 January 2020.

auburn.edu (Global: 8,344^th place; English: 5,278^th place)

eng.auburn.edu

"How Should We Express RAP and RAS Contents?". Asphalt Technology E-News. 26 (2). 2014. Archived from the original on 9 June 2015.

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; English: 3^rd place)

Speight, James G. (2015). Asphalt Materials Science and Technology. Elsevier Science. p. 82. ISBN 978-0-12-800501-9.
Pedanius Dioscorides (1829). De Materia Medica. Original written c. 40 AD, translated by Goodyer (1655) or (Greek/Latin) compiled by Sprengel (1829) p. 100 (p. 145 in PDF).
"Nothing New under the Sun (on French asphaltum use in 1621)". The Mechanics' Magazine, museum, register, journal and gazette. Vol. 29. London: W.A. Robertson. 7 April – 29 September 1838. p. 176.
R.J. Forbes (1958), Studies in Early Petroleum History, Leiden, Netherlands: E.J. Brill, p. 24
"Specification of the Patent granted to Richard Tappin Claridge, of the County of Middlesex, for a Mastic Cement, or Composition applicable to Paving and Road making, covering Buildings and various purposes". Journal of the Franklin Institute of the State of Pennsylvania and Mechanics' Register. Vol. 22. London: Pergamon Press. July 1838. pp. 414–418.
"Obituary of Frederick Walter Simms". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. XXVI: 120–121. November 1865 – June 1866.
Broome, D.C. (1963). "The development of the modern asphalt road". The Surveyor and Municipal and County Engineer. Vol. 122, no. 3278 & 3279. London. pp. 1437–1440 & 1472–1475.
"Claridge's Scottish and Irish Patents in 1838". The Mechanics' Magazine, museum, register, journal and gazette. Vol. 29. London: W.A. Robertson. 7 April – 29 September 1838. pp. vii, viii, 64, 128.
Laxton, William (1838). The Civil Engineer and Architect's Journal. Published for the proprietor.
"1838 bitumen UK uses by Robinson's and Claridge's companies, & the Bastenne company". The Mechanics' Magazine, museum, register, journal and gazette. Vol. 29. London: W.A. Robertson. 22 September 1838. p. 448.
"Registration of Clarmac Roads", The Law Reports: Chancery Division, 1: 544–547, 1921
Clarmac financial difficults due to WW1 Debentures deposited The Law Reports: Chancery Division, (1921) Vol. 1 p. 545. Retrieved 17 June 2010.
Claridge's Patent Asphalte Co. compulsorily wound up Funds invested in new company The Law Times Reports (1921) Vol.125, p. 256. Retrieved 15 June 2010.

britannica.com (Global: 37^th place; English: 64^th place)

"Great Bath". Britannica. Retrieved 26 October 2022.
"Bitumen | Oil Sands, Extraction & Refining | Britannica". www.britannica.com. Retrieved 23 June 2024.

british-history.ac.uk (Global: 544^th place; English: 267^th place)

Hobhouse, Hermione, ed. (1994). "British History Online". 'Northern Millwall: Tooke Town', Survey of London: volumes 43 and 44: Poplar, Blackwall and Isle of Dogs. pp. 423–433 (see text at refs 169 & 170).
Hobhouse, Hermione, ed. (1994). "British History Online". 'Cubitt Town: Riverside area: from Newcastle Drawdock to Cubitt Town Pier', Survey of London: volumes 43 and 44: Poplar, Blackwall and Isle of Dogs. pp. 528–532 (see text at refs 507 & 510).

canadianpetroleumhalloffame.ca (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Robert C. Fitzsimmons (1881–1971)". Canadian Petroleum Hall of Fame. 2010. Retrieved 20 January 2016.

capp.ca (Global: low place; English: low place)

"2007 Canadian Crude Oil Forecast and Market Outlook". Canadian Association of Petroleum Producers. June 2007. Archived from the original on 26 February 2014.
"2015 CAPP Crude Oil Forecast, Markets & Transportation". Canadian Association of Petroleum Producers. Archived from the original on 20 January 2016. Retrieved 21 January 2016.

cdc.gov (Global: 251^st place; English: 248^th place)

"CDC – NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards – Asphalt fumes". cdc.gov. Retrieved 27 November 2015.

datapages.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

payperview.datapages.com

Arie Nissenbaum (May 1978). "Dead Sea Asphalts – Historical Aspects [free abstract]". AAPG Bulletin. 62 (5): 837–844. doi:10.1306/c1ea4e5f-16c9-11d7-8645000102c1865d.

dega-akustik.de (Global: low place; English: low place)

pub.dega-akustik.de

Atamer S, Altinsoy ME, Hirschfeld J (2019). "Vibro-Acoustical Analyses of a Dishwasher" (PDF). TU Dresden. Retrieved 23 September 2025.

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

Sörensen, Anja; Wichert, Bodo (2009). "Asphalt and Bitumen". Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. doi:10.1002/14356007.a03_169.pub2. ISBN 978-3-527-30673-2.
Bunger, J.; Thomas, K.; Dorrence, S. (1979). "Compound types and properties of Utah and Athabasca tar sand bitumens". Fuel. 58 (3): 183–195. Bibcode:1979Fuel...58..183B. doi:10.1016/0016-2361(79)90116-9.
Selby, D.; Creaser, R. (2005). "Direct radiometric dating of hydrocarbon deposits using rhenium-osmium isotopes". Science. 308 (5726): 1293–1295. Bibcode:2005Sci...308.1293S. doi:10.1126/science.1111081. PMID 15919988. S2CID 41419594.
Boëda, Éric; Bonilauri, Stéphanie; Connan, Jacques; Jarvie, Dan; Mercier, Norbert; Tobey, Mark; Valladas, Hélène; Sakhel, Heba al (2008). "New Evidence for Significant Use of Bitumen in Middle Palaeolithic Technical Systems at Umm el Tlel (Syria) around 70,000 BP". Paléorient. 34 (2): 67–83. doi:10.3406/paleo.2008.5257. ISSN 0153-9345. JSTOR 41496524.
Schmidt, Patrick; Iovita, Radu; Charrié-Duhaut, Armelle; Möller, Gunther; Namen, Abay; Dutkiewicz, Ewa (23 February 2024). "Ochre-based compound adhesives at the Mousterian type-site document complex cognition and high investment". Science Advances. 10 (8) eadl0822. Bibcode:2024SciA...10L.822S. doi:10.1126/sciadv.adl0822. ISSN 2375-2548. PMC 10881035. PMID 38381827.
Connan, Jacques; Nissenbaum, Arie (2004). "The organic geochemistry of the Hasbeya asphalt (Lebanon): comparison with asphalts from the Dead Sea area and Iraq". Organic Geochemistry. 35 (6): 775–789. Bibcode:2004OrGeo..35..775C. doi:10.1016/j.orggeochem.2004.01.015. ISSN 0146-6380.
Arie Nissenbaum (May 1978). "Dead Sea Asphalts – Historical Aspects [free abstract]". AAPG Bulletin. 62 (5): 837–844. doi:10.1306/c1ea4e5f-16c9-11d7-8645000102c1865d.
Robinson, Paul R.; Hsu, Chang Samuel (2017). "Introduction to Petroleum Technology". Springer Handbook of Petroleum Technology. Springer International Publishing. p. 9. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-49347-3_1.
Fauvelle, Mikael; Smith, Erin M.; Brown, Sean H.; Des Lauriers, Matthew R. (2012). "Asphaltum hafting and projectile point durability: an experimental comparison of three hafting methods". Journal of Archaeological Science. 39 (8): 2802–2809. Bibcode:2012JArSc..39.2802F. doi:10.1016/j.jas.2012.04.014.
Fauvelle, Mikael (2014). "Acorns, Asphaltum, and Asymmetrical Exchange: Invisible Exports and the Political Economy of the Santa Barbara Channel". American Antiquity. 79 (3): 573–575. doi:10.7183/0002-7316.79.3.573. ISSN 0002-7316.
Ronalds, B.F. (2019). "Bonnington Chemical Works (1822–1878): Pioneer Coal Tar Company". International Journal for the History of Engineering & Technology. 89 (1–2): 73–91. doi:10.1080/17581206.2020.1787807. S2CID 221115202.
Al-Mohammedawi, Ahmed; Mollenhauer, Konrad (9 March 2022). "Current Research and Challenges in Bitumen Emulsion Manufacturing and Its Properties". Materials. 15 (6): 2026. Bibcode:2022Mate...15.2026A. doi:10.3390/ma15062026. ISSN 1996-1944. PMC 8952829. PMID 35329476.
Okada, K; Nur, Rifaid M; Fujii, Yasuhiko (15 November 1999). "The formation of explosive compounds in bitumen/nitrate mixtures". Journal of Hazardous Materials. 69 (3): 245–256. Bibcode:1999JHzM...69..245O. doi:10.1016/S0304-3894(99)00122-3.
Phillips, D.C.; Hitchon, J.W.; Johnson, D.I.; Matthews, J.R. (July 1984). "The radiation swelling of bitumens and bitumenised wastes". Journal of Nuclear Materials. 125 (2): 202–218. Bibcode:1984JNuM..125..202P. doi:10.1016/0022-3115(84)90546-4 – via Elsevier Science Direct.
Ait-Langomazino, N.; Sellier, R.; Jouquet, G.; Trescinski, M. (June 1991). "Microbial degradation of bitumen". Experientia. 47 (6): 533–539. doi:10.1007/BF01949873. ISSN 0014-4754.
Oztürk C (1 December 1996). "Development of efficient treatment methods to reduce the noise level of dishwashers". The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America. 100 (6): 3986–3989. Bibcode:1996ASAJ..100.3986O. doi:10.1121/1.416191. ISSN 0001-4966. Retrieved 23 September 2025.
Hesp, Simon A.M.; Herbert F. Shurvell (2010). "X-ray fluorescence detection of waste engine oil residue in bitumen and its effect on cracking in service". International Journal of Pavement Engineering. 11 (6): 541–553. doi:10.1080/10298436.2010.488729. ISSN 1029-8436. S2CID 138499155.
Williams, Brett A.; J. Richard Willis (September 2020). Asphalt Pavement Industry Survey on Recycled Materials and Warm-Mix Asphalt Usage 2019 (Information Series 138) 10th Annual Survey (Report). doi:10.13140/RG.2.2.21946.82888. IS138(10e) – via ResearchGate.
Wang, He; Rath, Punyaslok; Buttlar, William G. (1 April 2020). "Recycled asphalt shingle modified asphalt mixture design and performance evaluation". Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering (English Edition). 7 (2): 205–214. doi:10.1016/j.jtte.2019.09.004. ISSN 2095-7564.
Karlsson, Robert; Isacsson, Ulf (1 February 2006). "Material-Related Aspects of Asphalt Recycling – State-of-the-Art". Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering. 18 (1): 81–92. doi:10.1061/(asce)0899-1561(2006)18:1(81). ISSN 0899-1561.
Cavallari, J. M.; Zwack, L. M.; Lange, C. R.; Herrick, R. F.; Mcclean, M. D. (2012). "Temperature-Dependent Emission Concentrations of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Paving and Built-Up Roofing Asphalts". Annals of Occupational Hygiene. 56 (2): 148–160. doi:10.1093/annhyg/mer107. ISSN 0003-4878. PMID 22267131.
Khare, Peeyush; Machesky, Jo; Soto, Ricardo; He, Megan; Presto, Albert A.; Gentner, Drew R. (1 September 2020). "Asphalt-related emissions are a major missing nontraditional source of secondary organic aerosol precursors". Science Advances. 6 (36) eabb9785. Bibcode:2020SciA....6.9785K. doi:10.1126/sciadv.abb9785. ISSN 2375-2548. PMC 7467703. PMID 32917599.

dot.gov (Global: 1,620^th place; English: 841^st place)

fhwa.dot.gov

"Highway Statistics Series: Public Road Length Miles by Type of Surface and Ownership". Federal Highway Administration. 1 October 2013.

elsevier.com (Global: 365^th place; English: 372^nd place)

linkinghub.elsevier.com

Okada, K; Nur, Rifaid M; Fujii, Yasuhiko (15 November 1999). "The formation of explosive compounds in bitumen/nitrate mixtures". Journal of Hazardous Materials. 69 (3): 245–256. Bibcode:1999JHzM...69..245O. doi:10.1016/S0304-3894(99)00122-3.
Phillips, D.C.; Hitchon, J.W.; Johnson, D.I.; Matthews, J.R. (July 1984). "The radiation swelling of bitumens and bitumenised wastes". Journal of Nuclear Materials. 125 (2): 202–218. Bibcode:1984JNuM..125..202P. doi:10.1016/0022-3115(84)90546-4 – via Elsevier Science Direct.

gov.ab.ca (Global: low place; English: 7,687^th place)

energy.gov.ab.ca

"Oil Sands Glossary". Oil Sands Royalty Guidelines. Government of Alberta. 2008. Archived from the original on 1 November 2007.
"What is Oil Sands". Alberta Energy. 2007. Archived from the original on 5 February 2016.

gulfrequest.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Growing Demand for Middle Eastern Bitumen Price". 19 July 2024. Retrieved 25 July 2024.

hdl.handle.net (Global: 66^th place; English: 34^th place)

Al-Qadi, Imad L.; Elseifi, Mostafa; Carpenter, Samuel H. (March 2007). Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement – A Literature Review (Report). CiteSeerX 10.1.1.390.3460. hdl:2142/46007. {{cite report}}: Cite uses deprecated parameter |citeseerx= (help)

hec.gov.pk (Global: low place; English: low place)

eprints.hec.gov.pk

Muhammad Abdul Quddus (1992). "Catalytic Oxidation of Asphalt". Thesis submitted to Department of Applied Chemistry; University of Karachi. Pakistan: Higher Education Commission Pakistan: Pakistan Research Repository. p. 6, in ch. 2 pdf. Archived from the original on 5 February 2011.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: publisher location (link)

highways.today (Global: low place; English: low place)

"What is Bitumen?". Highways Today. 5 January 2021. Retrieved 4 January 2022.

hotmix.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

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McNichol, Dan (2005). Paving the Way: Asphalt in America. Lanham, MD: National Asphalt Pavement Association. ISBN 978-0-914313-04-5. Archived from the original on 29 August 2006.

iaea.org (Global: 1,135^th place; English: 1,124^th place)

inis.iaea.org

Rodier, J.; Scheidhauer, J.; Malabre, M. (1961). The conditioning of radioactive waste by bitumen (Report) (in French). CEA Marcoule, 30 (France).
Lefillatre, G.; Rodier, J.; Hullo, R.; Cudel, Y.; Rodi, L. (1969). Use of a thin-film evaporator for bitumen coating of radioactive concentrates (Report) (in French). CEA Marcoule, 30 (France).

iarc.fr (Global: 6,127^th place; English: 6,610^th place)

monographs.iarc.fr

IARC (2013). Bitumens and Bitumen Emissions, and Some N- and S-Heterocyclic Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons. Vol. 103. Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer. ISBN 978-92-832-1326-0.

jstor.org (Global: 23^rd place; English: 15^th place)

Boëda, Éric; Bonilauri, Stéphanie; Connan, Jacques; Jarvie, Dan; Mercier, Norbert; Tobey, Mark; Valladas, Hélène; Sakhel, Heba al (2008). "New Evidence for Significant Use of Bitumen in Middle Palaeolithic Technical Systems at Umm el Tlel (Syria) around 70,000 BP". Paléorient. 34 (2): 67–83. doi:10.3406/paleo.2008.5257. ISSN 0153-9345. JSTOR 41496524.
John D. Fairfield, "Rapid Transit: Automobility and Settlement in Urban America" Reviews in American History 23#1 (1995), pp. 80–85 online.

london-gazette.co.uk (Global: 4,150^th place; English: 3,729^th place)

"Claridge's UK Patents in 1837 & 1838". The London Gazette. 25 February 1851. p. 489.
"Notice of the Winding up of Clarmac Roads", The London Gazette (29340): 10568, 26 October 1915
"Claridge's Patent Asphalte Co. winds up 10 November 1917". The London Gazette. 16 November 1917. p. 11863.

megalithic.co.uk (Global: 8,511^th place; English: 6,400^th place)

The Megalithic Portal and Megalith Map. "C.Michael Hogan (2008) Morro Creek, ed. by A. Burnham". Megalithic.co.uk. Retrieved 27 August 2013.

mileslewis.net (Global: low place; English: low place)

Miles, Lewis (2000). "Section 10.6: Damp Proofing" (PDF). in Australian Building: A Cultural Investigation. p. 10.06.1. Archived from the original (PDF) on 15 December 2010.. Note: different sections of Miles' online work were written in different years, as evidenced at the top of each page (not including the heading page of each section). This particular section appears to have been written in 2000

mineralproducts.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Asphalt Applications". mineralproducts.org. Retrieved 22 January 2022.

neb-one.gc.ca (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Crude Oil and Petroleum Products". National Energy Board of Canada. Retrieved 21 January 2016.

niepce.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

Niépce Museum history pages. Retrieved 27 October 2012. Archived 3 August 2007 at the Wayback Machine

nih.gov (Global: 5^th place; English: 5^th place)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Selby, D.; Creaser, R. (2005). "Direct radiometric dating of hydrocarbon deposits using rhenium-osmium isotopes". Science. 308 (5726): 1293–1295. Bibcode:2005Sci...308.1293S. doi:10.1126/science.1111081. PMID 15919988. S2CID 41419594.
Schmidt, Patrick; Iovita, Radu; Charrié-Duhaut, Armelle; Möller, Gunther; Namen, Abay; Dutkiewicz, Ewa (23 February 2024). "Ochre-based compound adhesives at the Mousterian type-site document complex cognition and high investment". Science Advances. 10 (8) eadl0822. Bibcode:2024SciA...10L.822S. doi:10.1126/sciadv.adl0822. ISSN 2375-2548. PMC 10881035. PMID 38381827.
Al-Mohammedawi, Ahmed; Mollenhauer, Konrad (9 March 2022). "Current Research and Challenges in Bitumen Emulsion Manufacturing and Its Properties". Materials. 15 (6): 2026. Bibcode:2022Mate...15.2026A. doi:10.3390/ma15062026. ISSN 1996-1944. PMC 8952829. PMID 35329476.
Cavallari, J. M.; Zwack, L. M.; Lange, C. R.; Herrick, R. F.; Mcclean, M. D. (2012). "Temperature-Dependent Emission Concentrations of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Paving and Built-Up Roofing Asphalts". Annals of Occupational Hygiene. 56 (2): 148–160. doi:10.1093/annhyg/mer107. ISSN 0003-4878. PMID 22267131.
Khare, Peeyush; Machesky, Jo; Soto, Ricardo; He, Megan; Presto, Albert A.; Gentner, Drew R. (1 September 2020). "Asphalt-related emissions are a major missing nontraditional source of secondary organic aerosol precursors". Science Advances. 6 (36) eabb9785. Bibcode:2020SciA....6.9785K. doi:10.1126/sciadv.abb9785. ISSN 2375-2548. PMC 7467703. PMID 32917599.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Schmidt, Patrick; Iovita, Radu; Charrié-Duhaut, Armelle; Möller, Gunther; Namen, Abay; Dutkiewicz, Ewa (23 February 2024). "Ochre-based compound adhesives at the Mousterian type-site document complex cognition and high investment". Science Advances. 10 (8) eadl0822. Bibcode:2024SciA...10L.822S. doi:10.1126/sciadv.adl0822. ISSN 2375-2548. PMC 10881035. PMID 38381827.
Al-Mohammedawi, Ahmed; Mollenhauer, Konrad (9 March 2022). "Current Research and Challenges in Bitumen Emulsion Manufacturing and Its Properties". Materials. 15 (6): 2026. Bibcode:2022Mate...15.2026A. doi:10.3390/ma15062026. ISSN 1996-1944. PMC 8952829. PMID 35329476.
Khare, Peeyush; Machesky, Jo; Soto, Ricardo; He, Megan; Presto, Albert A.; Gentner, Drew R. (1 September 2020). "Asphalt-related emissions are a major missing nontraditional source of secondary organic aerosol precursors". Science Advances. 6 (36) eabb9785. Bibcode:2020SciA....6.9785K. doi:10.1126/sciadv.abb9785. ISSN 2375-2548. PMC 7467703. PMID 32917599.

nwrpartnership.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"The Project". North West Redwater Partnership. Retrieved 21 January 2016.

phys.org (Global: 1,595^th place; English: 1,363^rd place)

"Asphalt adds to air pollution, especially on hot, sunny days". phys.org. Retrieved 11 October 2020.

psu.edu (Global: 299^th place; English: 159^th place)

citeseerx.ist.psu.edu

Al-Qadi, Imad L.; Elseifi, Mostafa; Carpenter, Samuel H. (March 2007). Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement – A Literature Review (Report). CiteSeerX 10.1.1.390.3460. hdl:2142/46007. {{cite report}}: Cite uses deprecated parameter |citeseerx= (help)

selenicebitumi.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Archived 22 February 2015 at the Wayback Machine, Selenice Bitumi for more information about Selenizza

semanticscholar.org (Global: 15^th place; English: 8^th place)

api.semanticscholar.org

Selby, D.; Creaser, R. (2005). "Direct radiometric dating of hydrocarbon deposits using rhenium-osmium isotopes". Science. 308 (5726): 1293–1295. Bibcode:2005Sci...308.1293S. doi:10.1126/science.1111081. PMID 15919988. S2CID 41419594.
Ronalds, B.F. (2019). "Bonnington Chemical Works (1822–1878): Pioneer Coal Tar Company". International Journal for the History of Engineering & Technology. 89 (1–2): 73–91. doi:10.1080/17581206.2020.1787807. S2CID 221115202.
Hesp, Simon A.M.; Herbert F. Shurvell (2010). "X-ray fluorescence detection of waste engine oil residue in bitumen and its effect on cracking in service". International Journal of Pavement Engineering. 11 (6): 541–553. doi:10.1080/10298436.2010.488729. ISSN 1029-8436. S2CID 138499155.

shipbrook.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Salmon, William (1673). Polygraphice; Or, The Arts of Drawing, Engraving, Etching, Limning, Painting, Washing, Varnishing, Gilding, Colouring, Dying, Beautifying and Perfuming (Second ed.). London: R. Jones. p. 81. Archived from the original on 22 August 2016.

springer.com (Global: 182^nd place; English: 172^nd place)

link.springer.com

Ait-Langomazino, N.; Sellier, R.; Jouquet, G.; Trescinski, M. (June 1991). "Microbial degradation of bitumen". Experientia. 47 (6): 533–539. doi:10.1007/BF01949873. ISSN 0014-4754.

startlogic.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

catharinecole.startlogic.com

"title". Catharinecole.startlogic.com. 1 January 1970. Archived from the original on 2 November 2019. Retrieved 27 March 2019.

tufts.edu (Global: 192^nd place; English: 165^th place)

perseus.tufts.edu

ἄσφαλτος. Liddell, Henry George; Scott, Robert; A Greek–English Lexicon at the Perseus Project.
σφάλλειν in Liddell and Scott.
Herodotus, The Histories, 1.179.4, on Perseus.

uspto.gov (Global: 2,155^th place; English: 1,380^th place)

"CPC Definition – C10C Working-up Pitch, Asphalt, Bitumen, Tar; Pyroligneous Acid". Classification Resources. United States Patent and Trademark Office. November 2016. Retrieved 12 August 2023.

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The First Photograph (Harry Ransom Center, University of Texas at Austin). Archived 27 December 2009 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved 27 October 2012.

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Pintak, Lawrence (19 March 2015). ""Roads were not built for cars": how cyclists, not drivers, first fought to pave US roads". Vox.

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"Oil Sands Glossary". Oil Sands Royalty Guidelines. Government of Alberta. 2008. Archived from the original on 1 November 2007.
Walker, Ian C. (1998), Marketing Challenges for Canadian Bitumen (PDF), Tulsa, OK: International Centre for Heavy Hydrocarbons, archived from the original on 13 March 2012, Bitumen has been defined by various sources as crude oil with a dynamic viscosity at reservoir conditions of more than 10,000 centipoise. Canadian "bitumen" supply is more loosely accepted as production from the Athabasca, Wabasca, Peace River and Cold Lake oil-sands deposits. The majority of the oil produced from these deposits has an API gravity of between 8° and 12° and a reservoir viscosity of over 10,000 centipoise although small volumes have higher API gravities and lower viscosities.
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The Asphalt Paving Industry: A Global Perspective, 2nd Edition (PDF). Lanham, Maryland, and Brussels: National Asphalt Pavement Association and European Asphalt Pavement Association. 2011. ISBN 978-0-914313-06-9. Archived from the original (PDF) on 7 January 2014. Retrieved 27 September 2012.
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"Asphalt Pavement Recycling". Annual Asphalt Pavement Industry Survey on Recycled Materials and Warm-Mix Asphalt Usage: 2018. National Asphalt Pavement Association. Archived from the original on 23 January 2020. Retrieved 14 January 2020.
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Boëda, Éric; Bonilauri, Stéphanie; Connan, Jacques; Jarvie, Dan; Mercier, Norbert; Tobey, Mark; Valladas, Hélène; Sakhel, Heba al (2008). "New Evidence for Significant Use of Bitumen in Middle Palaeolithic Technical Systems at Umm el Tlel (Syria) around 70,000 BP". Paléorient. 34 (2): 67–83. doi:10.3406/paleo.2008.5257. ISSN 0153-9345. JSTOR 41496524.
Schmidt, Patrick; Iovita, Radu; Charrié-Duhaut, Armelle; Möller, Gunther; Namen, Abay; Dutkiewicz, Ewa (23 February 2024). "Ochre-based compound adhesives at the Mousterian type-site document complex cognition and high investment". Science Advances. 10 (8) eadl0822. Bibcode:2024SciA...10L.822S. doi:10.1126/sciadv.adl0822. ISSN 2375-2548. PMC 10881035. PMID 38381827.
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Bitumen (English Wikipedia)

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