Black Dahlia (English Wikipedia)
Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Black Dahlia" in English language version.
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1947project.blogspot.com (Global: low place; English: low place)
- "Mother of Three Choked to Death; Body Flung on Signal Hill Oil Field". 1947Project. May 11, 2005.
1947project.com (Global: low place; English: low place)
- "Slain Woman's Stripped Body Found in Gutter". 1947Project. July 8, 1947.
archive.org (Global: 6th place; English: 6th place)
- Nickel 2001, pp. 189–190. Nickel, Steve (2001). Torso: The Story of Eliot Ness and the Search for a Psychopathic Killer. John F. Blair. ISBN 978-0-895-87246-3.
- Nickel 2001, p. 289. Nickel, Steve (2001). Torso: The Story of Eliot Ness and the Search for a Psychopathic Killer. John F. Blair. ISBN 978-0-895-87246-3.
- Cyriax 1993, p. 123. Cyriax, Oliver (1993). Crime: An Encyclopedia. Andre Deutsch. ISBN 978-0-233-98821-4.
- Wilkes 2006, p. 174. Wilkes, Roger (2006). Giant Book of Unsolved Crimes (Revised ed.). Magpie Books. ISBN 978-1-845-29205-8.
archive.today (Global: 14th place; English: 14th place)
- "Investigation: Birth Certificate". Blackdahlia.info. Archived from the original on October 14, 2007. Retrieved February 2, 2010.
Copy of Short's registered birth certificate showing that no middle name was included
- "Excerpts From Grand Jury Summary". BlackDahlia website. Archived from the original on May 27, 2012. Retrieved November 4, 2007.
- "Fact Versus Fiction" BlackDahlia.info. Archived February 18, 2013, at archive.today
- "District Attorney Suspects" BlackDahlia.info.
bbc.co.uk (Global: 8th place; English: 10th place)
news.bbc.co.uk
- Summers, Chris (August 31, 2006). "The enduring legend of Black Dahlia". BBC. Retrieved September 10, 2017.
bbc.com (Global: 20th place; English: 30th place)
- "The Black Dahlia: Los Angeles' most famous unsolved murder". BBC. January 8, 2017. Archived from the original on September 12, 2017. Retrieved September 11, 2017.
blackdahlia.info (Global: low place; English: low place)
- "Investigation: Birth Certificate". Blackdahlia.info. Archived from the original on October 14, 2007. Retrieved February 2, 2010.
Copy of Short's registered birth certificate showing that no middle name was included
- "Excerpts From Grand Jury Summary". BlackDahlia website. Archived from the original on May 27, 2012. Retrieved November 4, 2007.
- "Fact Versus Fiction" BlackDahlia.info. Archived February 18, 2013, at archive.today
books.google.com (Global: 3rd place; English: 3rd place)
- Knowlton & Newton 1995, p. 30. Knowlton, Janice; Newton, Michael (1995). Daddy Was the Black Dahlia Killer. New York: Simon and Schuster. ISBN 0-671-88084-5.
- Knowlton & Newton 1995, p. 118. Knowlton, Janice; Newton, Michael (1995). Daddy Was the Black Dahlia Killer. New York: Simon and Schuster. ISBN 0-671-88084-5.
- Knowlton & Newton 1995, p. 140. Knowlton, Janice; Newton, Michael (1995). Daddy Was the Black Dahlia Killer. New York: Simon and Schuster. ISBN 0-671-88084-5.
- Hodel 2003, pp. 14–16. Hodel, Steve (2003). Black Dahlia Avenger: A Genius for Murder. New York: Arcade Publishing. ISBN 1-55970-664-3.
- Nelson & Bayliss 2006, pp. 14, 27. Nelson, Mark; Bayliss, Sarah Hudson (2006). Exquisite Corpse: Surrealism and the Black Dahlia Murder. New York: Bulfinch Press. ISBN 0-8212-5819-2.
- Reppetto 2013, p. 154. Reppetto, Thomas A. (2013). American Police, A History: 1945–2012: The Blue Parade. Vol. II. Enigma Books. ISBN 978-1-936274-44-4.
- Knowlton & Newton 1995, p. 3. Knowlton, Janice; Newton, Michael (1995). Daddy Was the Black Dahlia Killer. New York: Simon and Schuster. ISBN 0-671-88084-5.
- Knowlton & Newton 1995, p. 147, 244. Knowlton, Janice; Newton, Michael (1995). Daddy Was the Black Dahlia Killer. New York: Simon and Schuster. ISBN 0-671-88084-5.
- Rasmussen 2005, pp. 80–97. Rasmussen, William T. (2005). Corroborating Evidence: The Black Dahlia Murder. Santa Fe, NM: Sunstone Press. ISBN 0-86534-536-8.
- Rasmussen 2005, p. 101. Rasmussen, William T. (2005). Corroborating Evidence: The Black Dahlia Murder. Santa Fe, NM: Sunstone Press. ISBN 0-86534-536-8.
- Rasmussen 2005, p. 122. Rasmussen, William T. (2005). Corroborating Evidence: The Black Dahlia Murder. Santa Fe, NM: Sunstone Press. ISBN 0-86534-536-8.
- Rasmussen 2005, pp. 48–70. Rasmussen, William T. (2005). Corroborating Evidence: The Black Dahlia Murder. Santa Fe, NM: Sunstone Press. ISBN 0-86534-536-8.
- Haugen, Brenda; et al. (Design by Tracy Davies and Gene Bentdahl; additional research by Marcie Spence and Kathleen Baxter) (2011) [2010]. "Chapter 4: A Dangerous Path". In Kaelberer, Angie; Edney, Philip; Sandmann, Alexa L.; Klenk, Jane (eds.). The Black Dahlia: Shattered Dreams. True Crime (2nd ed.). Mankato: Compass Point Books (Capstone). ISBN 978-0-7565-4358-7 – via Google Books.
charleyproject.org (Global: 7,487th place; English: 4,077th place)
- "Mimi Boomhower". The Charley Project.
- "Jean Elizabeth Spangler". The Charley Project. Archived from the original on July 29, 2016. Retrieved October 11, 2015.
chronline.com (Global: low place; English: low place)
- Aadland, Gordon (April 28, 2012). Schwartz, Eric; Tomtas, Justyna; Taylor, Chad; Taylor, Coralee; Taylor, Franklin (eds.). "Gordon Aadland: The Cold Case that stretches from Los Angeles to Centralia". The Chronicle Newspaper. Centralia, Washington: CT Publishing LLC. Retrieved September 7, 2021.
crimelibrary.com (Global: 2,488th place; English: 1,653rd place)
- Bardsley, Marilyn. "The Cleveland Torso Murders aka Kingsbury Run Murders – Eliot Ness Case". Crime Library. Archived from the original on July 24, 2014. Retrieved July 14, 2014.
derangedlacrimes.com (Global: low place; English: low place)
- "The Butcher". Deranged L.A. Crimes. August 16, 2013.
doenetwork.org (Global: 7,616th place; English: 4,331st place)
- "2157DFCA – Mimi Boomhower". The Doe Network.
ew.com (Global: 35th place; English: 31st place)
- Jensen, Jeff (March 2, 2015). "American Horror Story recap: Black Dahlia 'American Horror Story' recap". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved September 12, 2017.
exquisitecorpsebook.com (Global: low place; English: low place)
- Nelson, Mark; Bayliss, Sarah Hudson (December 5, 2008). "George Hodel, Lloyd Wright, the Black Dahlia Murder, and the J. A. Konrad bill for cement work" (PDF). Exquisitecorpsebook.com. Archived from the original (PDF) on September 16, 2012. Retrieved September 12, 2017.
familysearch.org (Global: 646th place; English: 535th place)
familysearch.org
- "Cleo Alvin Short Jr". www.familysearch.org. Retrieved June 25, 2023.
- "Phoebe May Sawyer". www.familysearch.org. Retrieved June 25, 2023.
ancestors.familysearch.org
- "FamilySearch.org". ancestors.familysearch.org. Retrieved June 25, 2023.
fbi.gov (Global: 881st place; English: 611th place)
- "The Black Dahlia". Federal Bureau of Investigation. Retrieved January 1, 2019.
ghostarchive.org (Global: 32nd place; English: 21st place)
- Bray, Christopher (June 3, 2006). "'Hell, someone's cut this girl in half!'". The Telegraph. Archived from the original on January 11, 2022. Retrieved September 9, 2017.
governing.com (Global: low place; English: 7,336th place)
- Greenblatt, Alan (September 30, 2009). "What is the Age of Responsibility?". Governing. Retrieved September 12, 2017.
Arbitrary as such reasoning may sound to modern Americans, 21 stuck as a threshold age through the 19th century and into the 20th.
imdb.com (Global: 16th place; English: 23rd place)
- "The Black Dahlia". IMDb.
independent.com (Global: 5,339th place; English: 2,984th place)
- "The Black Dahlia Never Dies". The Independent.
ladailymirror.com (Global: low place; English: low place)
- Harnisch, Larry (September 10, 2017). "Black Dahlia: 5 Reasons Leslie Dillon Didn't Kill Elizabeth Short". The Daily Mirror. Retrieved September 22, 2017.
- Harnisch, Larry (September 10, 2017). "Black Dahlia – Piu Eatwell's 'Black Dahlia, Red Rose' Exhumes Leslie Dillon". The Daily Mirror. Retrieved September 22, 2017.
- "Santa Monica Police Link Killing of Teenage Girl to Earlier Stabbing of Teenage Girl". The Daily Mirror. October 5, 1947.
latimes.com (Global: 22nd place; English: 19th place)
latimes.com
- Harnisch, Larry (September 15, 2006). "Haunting images and details of death". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved September 9, 2017.
- Harnisch, Larry (January 6, 1997). "A Slaying Cloaked in Mystery and Myths". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved September 11, 2017.
- McLellan, Dennis (January 9, 2003). "Obituaries: Ralph Asdel, 82; Detective in the Black Dahlia Case". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved February 25, 2010.
- Harnisch, Larry (November 1, 1999). "A Crossroads of Murder and Myth in Hollywood". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved September 12, 2017.
- Corwin, Miles (March 25, 1996). "False Confessions and Tips Still Flow in Simpson Case". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved September 9, 2017.
- McLellan, Dennis (January 9, 2003). "Ralph Asdel, 82; Detective in the Black Dahlia Case". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved September 15, 2017.
- Lopez, Steve (April 13, 2003). "Another Dance With L.A.'s Black Dahlia Case". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved September 13, 2017.
- McLellan, Dennis (December 19, 2004). "Janice Knowlton, 67; Believed That Her Father Killed the Black Dahlia". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved September 16, 2017.
latimesblogs.latimes.com
- "A Kinder, Simpler Time Dept.: The Office of Tomorrow". The Daily Mirror. Los Angeles History. Los Angeles Times. Retrieved September 17, 2017.
laweekly.com (Global: 890th place; English: 548th place)
- Meares, Hadley (January 4, 2017). "In 1947, a Month After the Black Dahlia, the 'Lipstick Murder' Shocked L.A." LA Weekly. Retrieved September 12, 2017.
leehutchauthor.com (Global: low place; English: low place)
- "GHOSTS OF THE PAST". February 9, 2017.
legacy.com (Global: 672nd place; English: 400th place)
- "Dorothea Schloesser Obituary (2012) – Legacy Remembers". Legacy.com. Retrieved June 25, 2023.
lmharnisch.com (Global: low place; English: low place)
- Harnisch, Larry. "Common Myths About the Black Dahlia and Their Origins". Archived from the original on December 30, 2016. Retrieved September 9, 2017.
- Suzan Nightingale (January 17, 1982). "Black Dahlia: Author Claims to Have Found 1947 Killer". Los Angeles Herald Examiner.
mainetoday.com (Global: low place; English: low place)
- Steeves, Heather (February 14, 2014). "The Black Dahlia lived on Munjoy Hill: An unsolved murder from the vaults". Maine Today. Retrieved December 29, 2016.
medium.com (Global: 551st place; English: 406th place)
mirror.co.uk (Global: 245th place; English: 189th place)
- Carter, Claire (September 14, 2017). "Tortured, hacked in half and drained of blood: Horrific Black Dahlia murder mystery is finally 'solved' 70 years on". Daily Mirror. Retrieved September 17, 2017.
murderousroots.com (Global: low place; English: low place)
- "Elizabeth Short: The Black Dahlia". Murderous Roots. August 12, 2020. Retrieved June 25, 2023.
news.google.com (Global: 59th place; English: 45th place)
- Quier, Hawley; Rohn, William J.; Keller, James E.; Dillon, Walter S.; Burkholder, A.N., eds. (October 16, 1944). "Time of tub murder set: Neighbor reports he heard Georgette Bauerdorf's scream". 2nd section. Reading Eagle. Vol. 77, no. 263. Reading, Pennsylvania. United Press. p. 15. Retrieved September 7, 2021 – via Google Newspapers.
newspapers.com (Global: 55th place; English: 36th place)
- "suicide". The Los Angeles Times. Los Angeles, California. March 15, 1947. p. 4. Retrieved October 5, 2019 – via newspapers.com.
- "Los Angeles Killer Claims New Victim". Valley Morning Star. May 13, 1947.
- "SHADES OF THE 'BLACK DAHLIA". The Independent. March 18, 1956.
- "Jilted Gal Rings Guy in Gardenia Murder". Daily News New. August 6, 1943.
- "Another Nude Murder in L.A." Santa Cruz Sentinel. March 12, 1947.
- "Slain Woman's Husband Freed". The San Bernardino County Sun. August 2, 1947.
- "Mother of Three Choked to Death, Body Flung in Signal Hill Oil Field, Los Angeles Times". Los Angeles Times. May 13, 1947.
- "Mother of 3 Children Latest Los Angeles Victim of Murder". The Tribune. May 13, 1947.
- "Letter Tells Details of L.A. Killing". The Bakersfield Californian. February 17, 1948.
- "Springer Murder Tips Flood Police". Los Angeles Times. June 18, 1949.
- "Missing Actress' Mother Believes Daughter Alive". Daily Capital Journal. Salem, Oregon. October 18, 1949. p. 20 – via Newspapers.com.
- "Jean Spangler Believed Victim in 'Dahlia' Series". St. Louis Star and Times. October 12, 1949.
- "TV Actress Feared Victim of Sex Fiend". Long Beach Independent. October 12, 1949.
- "Daughter to Note 3rd Year of Actress Disappearance". Los Angeles Times. October 5, 1952.
nydailynews.com (Global: 134th place; English: 100th place)
- Blakinger, Keri (January 16, 2016). "Nearly 70 years after her murder, here are the things we still don't know about Black Dahlia". New York Daily News. Retrieved September 10, 2017.
nytimes.com (Global: 7th place; English: 7th place)
- Thomson, David (May 18, 2003). "L.A. Confidential". The New York Times. Retrieved September 16, 2017.
- "Video Game to Play in Vintage Gumshoes". The New York Times. May 6, 2011.
ocregister.com (Global: 1,086th place; English: 618th place)
- Larsen, Peter (October 23, 2024). "Why Michael Connelly says it was time to take on the Black Dahlia case". Orange County Register. Retrieved November 25, 2025.
portlandtribune.com (Global: 8,169th place; English: 4,502nd place)
- DiStefano, Anne Marie (September 11, 2006). "The Dahlia, divined". Portland Tribune. Pamplin Media Group. Archived from the original on September 12, 2017. Retrieved September 12, 2017.
rollingstone.com (Global: 47th place; English: 38th place)
- Barcella, Laura (January 26, 2018). "Has the Black Dahlia Murder Finally been Solved?". Rolling Stone. Archived from the original on June 30, 2018. Retrieved January 28, 2018.
sfgate.com (Global: 166th place; English: 121st place)
- Dowd, Katie (November 2, 2018). "Does this old letter finally solve the mystery of the Black Dahlia?". SFGATE.
sfweekly.com (Global: 3,730th place; English: 2,177th place)
- Calhoun, Bob (July 3, 2017). "Yesterday's Crimes: The Black Dahlia Lies in Oakland". SF Weekly. Retrieved September 11, 2017.
starrymag.com (Global: low place; English: 6,756th place)
- "American Horror Story – Return to Murder House". starrymag.com. October 24, 2018. Archived from the original on October 25, 2018. Retrieved November 23, 2018.
stevehodel.com (Global: low place; English: low place)
- "1940s "L.A. Lone Woman Murders" Victim Map". Steve Hodel. April 16, 2014.
- "1947 LAPD CONFIDENT THAT THE "BLACK DAHLIA AVENGER" WAS A SERIAL KILLER". Steve Hodel. July 23, 2009.
- "A Standalone Murder" (PDF). Steve Hodel.
- "THE LOUISE SPRINGER MURDER" (PDF). Steve Hodel.
telegraph.co.uk (Global: 30th place; English: 24th place)
- Bray, Christopher (June 3, 2006). "'Hell, someone's cut this girl in half!'". The Telegraph. Archived from the original on January 11, 2022. Retrieved September 9, 2017.
theguardian.com (Global: 12th place; English: 11th place)
- "I know who killed the Black Dahlia: My own father". TheGuardian.com. May 26, 2016.
- Fitts, Alexis Sobel (May 26, 2016). "I know who killed the Black Dahlia: my own father". The Guardian. Retrieved September 9, 2017.
theoremfact.wordpress.com (Global: low place; English: low place)
- "THE BLACK DAHLIAS". The Theorem Factory. May 7, 2017.
time.com (Global: 61st place; English: 54th place)
content.time.com
- "The Black Dahlia". Time. Top 10 Unsolved Crimes. December 17, 2008. Archived from the original on December 29, 2015. Retrieved September 10, 2017.
trutv.com (Global: 1,456th place; English: 1,023rd place)
- Scheeres, Julia. "Macabre Discovery". The Black Dahlia. Archived from the original on June 1, 2008. Retrieved October 8, 2013.
- "The Black Dahlia: The Unsolved Murder of Elizabeth Short". Trutv.com. April 11, 2003. Archived from the original on January 9, 2010. Retrieved August 10, 2010.
ucr.edu (Global: 1,553rd place; English: 1,008th place)
cdnc.ucr.edu
- "LA Grand Jury Sifts Unsolved 'Black Dahlia' Type Murders". Madera Daily News-Tribune. No. 55. September 7, 1949. p. 2 – via California Digital Newspaper Collection.
- "Man Jailed as Suspect in 'Black Dahlia' Murder". Madera Daily News. No. 52. September 20, 1948. p. 2 – via California Digital Newspaper Collection.
- "Another Nude Murder in L.A." Madera Tribune. May 13, 1947.
unc.edu (Global: 1,538th place; English: 1,042nd place)
blackdahlia.web.unc.edu
- "Sex Fiend Slaying Victim Identified by Fingerprint Records of F.B.I.". Los Angeles Times. January 17, 1947. p. 2. Scans Archived March 28, 2019, at the Wayback Machine available at The Black Dahlia Archived April 19, 2019, at the Wayback Machine historical archive from the University of North Carolina.
unsolved.com (Global: low place; English: low place)
- "Black Dahlia & Torso Slayer". Unsolved Mysteries. Season 5. Episode 13. Cosgrove-Meurer Productions. December 9, 1992. Lifetime.
web.archive.org (Global: 1st place; English: 1st place)
- Harnisch, Larry. "Common Myths About the Black Dahlia and Their Origins". Archived from the original on December 30, 2016. Retrieved September 9, 2017.
- "The Black Dahlia: Los Angeles' most famous unsolved murder". BBC. January 8, 2017. Archived from the original on September 12, 2017. Retrieved September 11, 2017.
- Scheeres, Julia. "Macabre Discovery". The Black Dahlia. Archived from the original on June 1, 2008. Retrieved October 8, 2013.
- Nelson, Mark; Bayliss, Sarah Hudson (December 5, 2008). "George Hodel, Lloyd Wright, the Black Dahlia Murder, and the J. A. Konrad bill for cement work" (PDF). Exquisitecorpsebook.com. Archived from the original (PDF) on September 16, 2012. Retrieved September 12, 2017.
- "Sex Fiend Slaying Victim Identified by Fingerprint Records of F.B.I.". Los Angeles Times. January 17, 1947. p. 2. Scans Archived March 28, 2019, at the Wayback Machine available at The Black Dahlia Archived April 19, 2019, at the Wayback Machine historical archive from the University of North Carolina.
- Barcella, Laura (January 26, 2018). "Has the Black Dahlia Murder Finally been Solved?". Rolling Stone. Archived from the original on June 30, 2018. Retrieved January 28, 2018.
- Bardsley, Marilyn. "The Cleveland Torso Murders aka Kingsbury Run Murders – Eliot Ness Case". Crime Library. Archived from the original on July 24, 2014. Retrieved July 14, 2014.
- "The Black Dahlia: The Unsolved Murder of Elizabeth Short". Trutv.com. April 11, 2003. Archived from the original on January 9, 2010. Retrieved August 10, 2010.
- "Jean Elizabeth Spangler". The Charley Project. Archived from the original on July 29, 2016. Retrieved October 11, 2015.
- DiStefano, Anne Marie (September 11, 2006). "The Dahlia, divined". Portland Tribune. Pamplin Media Group. Archived from the original on September 12, 2017. Retrieved September 12, 2017.
- "The Black Dahlia". Time. Top 10 Unsolved Crimes. December 17, 2008. Archived from the original on December 29, 2015. Retrieved September 10, 2017.
- "American Horror Story – Return to Murder House". starrymag.com. October 24, 2018. Archived from the original on October 25, 2018. Retrieved November 23, 2018.