Black matriarchy (English Wikipedia)

Billingsley, Andrew (1992). Climbing Jacob's Ladder. New York, New York: Simon & Schuster. p. 32. ISBN 978-0-671-67708-4.
Paul C. Glick (1997). Harriette Pipes McAdoo (ed.). Black families (3rd ed.). Thousand Oaks, Calif. [u.a.]: Sage. p. 119. ISBN 0-8039-5572-3.
Paul C. Glick (1997). Harriette Pipes McAdoo (ed.). Black families (3rd ed.). Thousand Oaks, Calif. [u.a.]: Sage. p. 120. ISBN 0-8039-5572-3.
Paul C. Glick (1997). Harriette Pipes McAdoo (ed.). Black families (3rd ed.). Thousand Oaks, Calif. [u.a.]: Sage. pp. 119–120. ISBN 0-8039-5572-3.
Andrew Billingsley (1992). Climbing Jacob's ladder: the enduring legacy of African-American families (Pbk. ed.). New York: Simon & Schuster. p. 42. ISBN 0-671-67708-X.
Andrew Billingsley (1992). Climbing Jacob's ladder: the enduring legacy of African-American families (Pbk. ed.). New York: Simon & Schuster. p. 44. ISBN 0-671-67708-X.
Paul C. Glick (1997). Harriette Pipes McAdoo (ed.). Black families (3rd ed.). Thousand Oaks, Calif. [u.a.]: Sage. p. 124. ISBN 0-8039-5572-3.
Paul C. Glick (1997). Harriette Pipes McAdoo (ed.). Black families (3rd ed.). Thousand Oaks, Calif. [u.a.]: Sage. p. 121. ISBN 0-8039-5572-3.
John McAdoo (1997). Harriette Pipes McAdoo (ed.). Black families (3rd ed.). Thousand Oaks, Calif. [u.a.]: Sage. pp. 184–186. ISBN 0-8039-5572-3.
Margaret Spencer; Stewart, James B. (1990). Cheatham, Harold E. (ed.). Black families: interdisciplinary perspectives (2nd ed.). New Brunswick, N.J.: Transaction Publishers. pp. 111–112. ISBN 0-88738-812-4.
Margaret Spencer; Stewart, James B. (1990). Cheatham, Harold E. (ed.). Black families: interdisciplinary perspectives (2nd ed.). New Brunswick, N.J.: Transaction Publishers. p. 112. ISBN 0-88738-812-4.
Margaret Spencer; Stewart, James B. (1990). Cheatham, Harold E. (ed.). Black families: interdisciplinary perspectives (2nd ed.). New Brunswick, N.J.: Transaction Publishers. pp. 124–125. ISBN 0-88738-812-4.
Billingsley, Andrew (1992). Climbing Jacob's Ladder. New York, New York: Simon & Schuster. p. 58. ISBN 978-0-671-67708-4.
Andrew Billingsley (1992). Climbing Jacob's ladder: the enduring legacy of African-American families (Pbk. ed.). New York: Simon & Schuster. pp. 60–61. ISBN 0-671-67708-X.
Rose M. Rivers; John Scanzoni (1997). Harriette Pipes McAdoo (ed.). Black families (3rd ed.). Thousand Oaks, Calif. [u.a.]: Sage. p. 334. ISBN 0-8039-5572-3.
Staples, [compiled by] Robert (1998). The black Family: essays and studies (6th ed.). Belmont, Calif.: Wadsworth Pub. Co. pp. 343–349. ISBN 978-0-534-55296-1.
Staples, [compiled by] Robert (1998). The black family: essays and studies (6th ed.). Belmont, Calif.: Wadsworth Pub. Co. pp. 37–58. ISBN 978-0-534-55296-1.

blackdemographics.com

"Black Marriage in America". Blackdemographics.com/. Akiim DeShay. Retrieved 8 July 2020.

books.google.com

Giordano, Joseph; Levine, Irving M. (Winter 1977). "Carter's Family Policy: The Pluralist's Challenge". Journal of Current Social Issues. 14 (1): 50. ISSN 0041-7211. Reproduced in White House Conference on Families, 1978: Joint Hearings Before the Subcommittee on Child and Human Development of the Committee on Human Resources, United States Senate... Washington: U.S. Government Printing Office. 1978. p. 490.

boston.com

Washington, Jesse (2010-11-06). "Blacks struggle with 72 percent unwed mothers rate - Boston.com". AP. Retrieved 31 July 2014.

britannica.com

"Nuclear family | Definition, Characteristics & Benefits | Britannica". www.britannica.com. 2024-07-26. Retrieved 2024-09-12.

cdc.gov

*Grove, Robert D.; Hetzel, Alice M. (1968). Vital Statistics Rates in the United States 1940-1960 (PDF) (Report). Public Health Service Publication. Vol. 1677. U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, U.S. Public Health Service, National Center for Health Statistics. p. 185.
- Ventura, Stephanie J.; Bachrach, Christine A. (October 18, 2000). Nonmarital Childbearing in the United States, 1940-99 (PDF) (Report). National Vital Statistics Reports. Vol. 48. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics, National Vital Statistics System. pp. 28–31.
- "Table 7. Nonmarital childbearing, by detailed race and Hispanic origin of mother, and maternal age: United States, selected years 1970-2010" (PDF). Centers for Disease Control.
- "Births: Final Data for 2018" (PDF). National Vital Statistics Reports. Vol. 68, no. 13. November 27, 2019. p. 9. Retrieved 1 January 2021.

census.gov

pubdb3.census.gov

U.S. Census Bureau. Current Population Survey. People in Families by Family Structure, Age, and Sex, Iterated by Income-to-Poverty Ratio and Race: 2007: Below 100% of Poverty – All Races Archived 2008-09-30 at the Wayback Machine.
U.S. Census Bureau. Current Population Survey. People in Families by Family Structure, Age, and Sex, Iterated by Income-to-Poverty Ratio and Race: 2007: Below 100% of Poverty – White Alone Archived 2009-04-13 at the Wayback Machine.
"Poverty 3-Part 100_06". Pubdb3.census.gov. 2008-08-26. Archived from the original on 2011-06-12. Retrieved 2010-09-16.
"Poverty 2-Part 100_09". Pubdb3.census.gov. 2008-08-26. Archived from the original on 2010-01-08. Retrieved 2010-09-16.

census.gov

Lofquist, Daphne; Terry Lugaila; Martin O'Connell; Sarah Feliz. "Households and Families: 2010" (PDF). US Census Bureau, American Community Survey Briefs. Retrieved 15 April 2013.
U.S. Bureau of the Census "Table 60. Married Couples by Race and Hispanic Origin of Spouses" Archived 2015-01-01 at the Wayback Machine, December 15, 2010 (Excel table Archived 2012-10-13 at the Wayback Machine)

www2.census.gov

U.S. Bureau of the Census "Statistical Abstract of the United States, 1982-83"^{[permanent dead link]}, 1983. Section 1: Population, file 1982-02.pdf, 170 pp.

cepr.org

"Slavery, sugar, and the African American family structure".

chapman.edu

digitalcommons.chapman.edu

Allen, Quaylan (2016-08-08). "'Tell your own story': manhood, masculinity and racial socialization among black fathers and their sons". Ethnic and Racial Studies. 39 (10): 1831–1848. doi:10.1080/01419870.2015.1110608. ISSN 0141-9870. S2CID 147515010.

cis.org

Camarota, y Steven A. (5 May 2017). "Births to Unmarried Mothers by Nativity and Education". Center for Immigration Studies. Retrieved 8 July 2020.

creators.com

Sowell, Thomas (August 16, 2004). "A painful anniversary". Creators Syndicate. Archived from the original on August 18, 2004. Retrieved June 1, 2020.

doi.org

Carpenter, Brian D.; Mulligan, Elizabeth A. (2010). "Assessment with Late-Life Families: Issues and Instruments". Handbook of Assessment in Clinical Gerontology. pp. 273–304. doi:10.1016/B978-0-12-374961-1.10011-9. ISBN 978-0-12-374961-1.
Stanziani, Alessandro (2015-10-01). "Edward BAPTIST. – The Half has never been told. Slavery and the Making of American Capitalism". Le Mouvement Social. 252 (3): I. doi:10.3917/lms.252.0177a. ISSN 0027-2671.
Wong, Linda Y. (2003). "Why so only 5.5% of Black Men Marry White Women?". International Economic Review. 44 (3): 803–826. doi:10.1111/1468-2354.T01-1-00090. S2CID 45703289.
Barreyre, Nicolas (September 2020). "Eric Foner Reconstruction: America's Unfinished Revolution, 1863-1877 New York, Harper & Row, 1988, <scp>xxx</scp>-690 p.". Annales. Histoire, Sciences Sociales. 75 (3–4): 814–817. doi:10.1017/ahss.2021.19. ISSN 0395-2649.
"<sc>Walter Johnson</sc>. <italic>Soul by Soul: Life Inside the Antebellum Slave Market</italic>. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. 1999. Pp. 283. $26.00". The American Historical Review. October 2001. doi:10.1086/ahr/106.4.1359. ISSN 1937-5239.
Hershberg, Theodore (Winter 1971–1972). "Free Blacks in Antebellum Philadelphia: A Study of Ex-Slaves, Freeborn, and Socioeconomic Decline". Journal of Social History. 5 (2): 190. doi:10.1353/jsh/5.2.183. JSTOR 3786411. Data from the Abolitionist and Quaker censuses, the U. S. Census of 1880 and W. E. B. Du Bois' study of the seventh ward in 1896–97 indicate, in each instance, that two-parent households were characteristic of 78 percent of black families.
Morgan, S.; Antonio McDaniel; Andrew T. Miller; Samuel H. Preston. (1993). "Racial differences in household and family structure at the turn of the century". American Journal of Sociology. 98 (4): 799–828. doi:10.1086/230090. S2CID 145358763.
Newsome, Yvonne D.; Billingsley, Andrew (May 1994). "Climbing Jacob's Ladder: The Enduring Legacy of African-American Families". Contemporary Sociology. 23 (3): 398. doi:10.2307/2075340. ISSN 0094-3061. JSTOR 2075340.
Fryer, Roland G. Jr. (Spring 2007). "Guess Who's Been Coming to Dinner? Trends in Interracial Marriage over the 20th Century". Journal of Economic Perspectives. 21 (2): 71–90. doi:10.1257/jep.21.2.71. S2CID 12895779.
Thomas, P. A.; Krampe, E. M.; Newton, R. R. (19 March 2007). "Father Presence, Family Structure, and Feelings of Closeness to the Father Among Adult African American Children". Journal of Black Studies. 38 (4): 529–546. doi:10.1177/0021934705286101. S2CID 143241093.
Thomas, P. A.; Krampe, E. M.; Newton, R. R. (19 March 2007). "Father Presence, Family Structure, and Feelings of Closeness to the Father Among Adult African American Children". Journal of Black Studies. 38 (4): 536. doi:10.1177/0021934705286101. S2CID 143241093.
Thomas, P. A.; Krampe, E. M.; Newton, R. R. (19 March 2007). "Father Presence, Family Structure, and Feelings of Closeness to the Father Among Adult African American Children". Journal of Black Studies. 38 (4): 531. doi:10.1177/0021934705286101. S2CID 143241093.
Thomas, P. A.; Krampe, E. M.; Newton, R. R. (19 March 2007). "Father's Presence, Family Structure, and Feelings of Closeness to the Father Among Adult African American Children". Journal of Black Studies. 38 (4): 541. doi:10.1177/0021934705286101. S2CID 143241093.
Thomas, P. A.; Krampe, E. M.; Newton, R. R. (19 March 2007). "Father Presence, Family Structure, and Feelings of Closeness to the Father Among Adult African American Children". Journal of Black Studies. 38 (4): 542. doi:10.1177/0021934705286101. S2CID 143241093.
Thomas, P. A.; Krampe, E. M.; Newton, R. R. (19 March 2007). "Father Presence, Family Structure, and Feelings of Closeness to the Father Among Adult African American Children". Journal of Black Studies. 38 (4): 544. doi:10.1177/0021934705286101. S2CID 143241093.
Allen, Quaylan (2016-08-08). "'Tell your own story': manhood, masculinity and racial socialization among black fathers and their sons". Ethnic and Racial Studies. 39 (10): 1831–1848. doi:10.1080/01419870.2015.1110608. ISSN 0141-9870. S2CID 147515010.
Jones, Deborah J.; Zalot, Alecia A.; Foster, Sarah E.; Sterrett, Emma; Chester, Charlene (22 December 2006). "A Review of Childrearing in African American Single Mother Families: The Relevance of a Coparenting Framework". Journal of Child and Family Studies. 16 (5): 671–683. doi:10.1007/s10826-006-9115-0. S2CID 12970902.
McDaniel, Antonio (1990). "The Power of Culture: A Review of the Idea of Africa's Influence on Family Structure in Antebellum America". Journal of Family History. 15 (2): 225–238. doi:10.1177/036319909001500113. S2CID 143705470.
Dixon, P (2009). "Marriage among African Americans: What does the research reveal?". Journal of African American Studies. 13 (1): 29–46. doi:10.1007/s12111-008-9062-5. S2CID 143539013.
Ruggles, Steven (1997). "The rise of divorce and separation in the United States, 1880–1990". Demography. 34 (4): 455–466. doi:10.2307/3038300. JSTOR 3038300. PMC 3065932. PMID 9545625.
Akerlof, G. A.; Yellen, J. L.; Katz, M. L. (1996). "An analysis of out-of-wedlock childbearing in the United States". The Quarterly Journal of Economics. 111 (2): 277–317. doi:10.2307/2946680. JSTOR 2946680.
Goodman-Bacon, Cunningham; Andrew, Jamein P (September 2019). "Changes in Family Structure and Welfare Participation Since the 1960s: The Role of Legal Services". National Bureau of Economic Research. doi:10.3386/w26238. S2CID 203278731. 26238.
Dyer, W.M (2005). "Prison Fathers, and Identity: A Theory of How Incarceration Affects Men's Paternal Identity". Fathering: A Journal of Theory, Research, and Practice About Men as Fathers. 3 (3): 201–219. doi:10.3149/fth.0303.201 (inactive 1 November 2024). S2CID 12297600.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of November 2024 (link)
Wildeman, Christopher (September 2010). "Paternal Incarceration and Children's Physically Aggressive Behaviors: Evidence from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study". Social Forces. 89 (1): 285–309. doi:10.1353/sof.2010.0055. S2CID 45247503.
Heiss, Jerold (August 1996). "Effects of African American Family Structure on School Attitudes and Performance". Social Problems. 43 (3): 246–267. doi:10.2307/3096977. JSTOR 3096977.
Zimmerman, M. A.; Salem, D. A.; Maton, K. I. (1995). "Family Structure and Psychosocial Correlates among Urban African-American Adolescent Males". Child Development. 66 (6): 1598–1613. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.1995.tb00954.x. PMID 8556888. Regardless of the causality, researchers have found a consistent relationship between the current African American family structure and poverty, education, and pregnancy.
Dittus, P. J.; Jaccard, J.; Gordon, V. V. (1997). "The impact of African American fathers on adolescent sexual behavior". Journal of Youth and Adolescence. 26 (4): 445–465. doi:10.1023/a:1024533422103. S2CID 142626784.
Moore, Mignon; P. Lindsay Chase-Lansdale (2001). "Sexual Intercourse and Pregnancy among African American Girls in High-Poverty Neighborhoods: The Role of Family and Perceived Community Environment". Journal of Marriage and Family. 63 (4): 1146–1157. doi:10.1111/j.1741-3737.2001.01146.x.

dol.gov

"Moynihan's War on Poverty report". Archived from the original on 2017-01-20. Retrieved 2015-07-31.

epi.org

Price, Lee. "Racial discrimination continues to play a part in hiring decisions". Economic Policy Institute. EPI. Retrieved 25 April 2019.

imidaily.com

Abbas, Ahmad; Insider, Investment Migration (2024-05-12). "Benin Proposes Law to Grant Citizenship to African Descendants". IMI - Investment Migration Insider. Retrieved 2024-11-10.

jstor.org

Hershberg, Theodore (Winter 1971–1972). "Free Blacks in Antebellum Philadelphia: A Study of Ex-Slaves, Freeborn, and Socioeconomic Decline". Journal of Social History. 5 (2): 190. doi:10.1353/jsh/5.2.183. JSTOR 3786411. Data from the Abolitionist and Quaker censuses, the U. S. Census of 1880 and W. E. B. Du Bois' study of the seventh ward in 1896–97 indicate, in each instance, that two-parent households were characteristic of 78 percent of black families.
Newsome, Yvonne D.; Billingsley, Andrew (May 1994). "Climbing Jacob's Ladder: The Enduring Legacy of African-American Families". Contemporary Sociology. 23 (3): 398. doi:10.2307/2075340. ISSN 0094-3061. JSTOR 2075340.
Ruggles, Steven (1997). "The rise of divorce and separation in the United States, 1880–1990". Demography. 34 (4): 455–466. doi:10.2307/3038300. JSTOR 3038300. PMC 3065932. PMID 9545625.
Akerlof, G. A.; Yellen, J. L.; Katz, M. L. (1996). "An analysis of out-of-wedlock childbearing in the United States". The Quarterly Journal of Economics. 111 (2): 277–317. doi:10.2307/2946680. JSTOR 2946680.
Heiss, Jerold (August 1996). "Effects of African American Family Structure on School Attitudes and Performance". Social Problems. 43 (3): 246–267. doi:10.2307/3096977. JSTOR 3096977.

nationalhumanitiescenter.org

"How Slavery Affected African American Families".

nbcnews.com

"Blacks struggle with 72 percent unwed mothers rate", Jesse Washington, NBC News, July 11, 2010

newrepublic.com

Brown, Tony; Patterson, Evelyn (28 June 2016). "Wounds From Incarceration that Never Heal". The New Republic. Retrieved 25 April 2019.

nih.gov

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Ruggles, Steven (1997). "The rise of divorce and separation in the United States, 1880–1990". Demography. 34 (4): 455–466. doi:10.2307/3038300. JSTOR 3038300. PMC 3065932. PMID 9545625.
Zimmerman, M. A.; Salem, D. A.; Maton, K. I. (1995). "Family Structure and Psychosocial Correlates among Urban African-American Adolescent Males". Child Development. 66 (6): 1598–1613. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.1995.tb00954.x. PMID 8556888. Regardless of the causality, researchers have found a consistent relationship between the current African American family structure and poverty, education, and pregnancy.
Scott, Joseph (1993). "African American Daughter-Mother Relations and Teenage Pregnancy: Two Faces of Premarital Teenage Pregnancy". Western Journal of Black Studies. 17 (2): 73–81. PMID 12346138.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Ruggles, Steven (1997). "The rise of divorce and separation in the United States, 1880–1990". Demography. 34 (4): 455–466. doi:10.2307/3038300. JSTOR 3038300. PMC 3065932. PMID 9545625.

pewresearch.org

Juliana Menasce Horowitz; Nikki Graf; Gretchen Livingston (2019-11-06). "1. The landscape of marriage and cohabitation in the U.S." Pew Research Center. Retrieved 2024-09-12.

pewsocialtrends.org

Pew Research Intermarriage in the U.S. 50 Years After Loving v. Virginia May 18, 2017

pulse.com.gh

Tali, Selorm (2024-09-10). "Ghanaian man marries U.S lover who said African men are better than American men". Pulse Ghana. Retrieved 2024-11-10.

semanticscholar.org

api.semanticscholar.org

Wong, Linda Y. (2003). "Why so only 5.5% of Black Men Marry White Women?". International Economic Review. 44 (3): 803–826. doi:10.1111/1468-2354.T01-1-00090. S2CID 45703289.
Morgan, S.; Antonio McDaniel; Andrew T. Miller; Samuel H. Preston. (1993). "Racial differences in household and family structure at the turn of the century". American Journal of Sociology. 98 (4): 799–828. doi:10.1086/230090. S2CID 145358763.
Fryer, Roland G. Jr. (Spring 2007). "Guess Who's Been Coming to Dinner? Trends in Interracial Marriage over the 20th Century". Journal of Economic Perspectives. 21 (2): 71–90. doi:10.1257/jep.21.2.71. S2CID 12895779.
Thomas, P. A.; Krampe, E. M.; Newton, R. R. (19 March 2007). "Father Presence, Family Structure, and Feelings of Closeness to the Father Among Adult African American Children". Journal of Black Studies. 38 (4): 529–546. doi:10.1177/0021934705286101. S2CID 143241093.
Thomas, P. A.; Krampe, E. M.; Newton, R. R. (19 March 2007). "Father Presence, Family Structure, and Feelings of Closeness to the Father Among Adult African American Children". Journal of Black Studies. 38 (4): 536. doi:10.1177/0021934705286101. S2CID 143241093.
Thomas, P. A.; Krampe, E. M.; Newton, R. R. (19 March 2007). "Father Presence, Family Structure, and Feelings of Closeness to the Father Among Adult African American Children". Journal of Black Studies. 38 (4): 531. doi:10.1177/0021934705286101. S2CID 143241093.
Thomas, P. A.; Krampe, E. M.; Newton, R. R. (19 March 2007). "Father's Presence, Family Structure, and Feelings of Closeness to the Father Among Adult African American Children". Journal of Black Studies. 38 (4): 541. doi:10.1177/0021934705286101. S2CID 143241093.
Thomas, P. A.; Krampe, E. M.; Newton, R. R. (19 March 2007). "Father Presence, Family Structure, and Feelings of Closeness to the Father Among Adult African American Children". Journal of Black Studies. 38 (4): 542. doi:10.1177/0021934705286101. S2CID 143241093.
Thomas, P. A.; Krampe, E. M.; Newton, R. R. (19 March 2007). "Father Presence, Family Structure, and Feelings of Closeness to the Father Among Adult African American Children". Journal of Black Studies. 38 (4): 544. doi:10.1177/0021934705286101. S2CID 143241093.
Allen, Quaylan (2016-08-08). "'Tell your own story': manhood, masculinity and racial socialization among black fathers and their sons". Ethnic and Racial Studies. 39 (10): 1831–1848. doi:10.1080/01419870.2015.1110608. ISSN 0141-9870. S2CID 147515010.
Jones, Deborah J.; Zalot, Alecia A.; Foster, Sarah E.; Sterrett, Emma; Chester, Charlene (22 December 2006). "A Review of Childrearing in African American Single Mother Families: The Relevance of a Coparenting Framework". Journal of Child and Family Studies. 16 (5): 671–683. doi:10.1007/s10826-006-9115-0. S2CID 12970902.
McDaniel, Antonio (1990). "The Power of Culture: A Review of the Idea of Africa's Influence on Family Structure in Antebellum America". Journal of Family History. 15 (2): 225–238. doi:10.1177/036319909001500113. S2CID 143705470.
Dixon, P (2009). "Marriage among African Americans: What does the research reveal?". Journal of African American Studies. 13 (1): 29–46. doi:10.1007/s12111-008-9062-5. S2CID 143539013.
Goodman-Bacon, Cunningham; Andrew, Jamein P (September 2019). "Changes in Family Structure and Welfare Participation Since the 1960s: The Role of Legal Services". National Bureau of Economic Research. doi:10.3386/w26238. S2CID 203278731. 26238.
Dyer, W.M (2005). "Prison Fathers, and Identity: A Theory of How Incarceration Affects Men's Paternal Identity". Fathering: A Journal of Theory, Research, and Practice About Men as Fathers. 3 (3): 201–219. doi:10.3149/fth.0303.201 (inactive 1 November 2024). S2CID 12297600.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of November 2024 (link)
Wildeman, Christopher (September 2010). "Paternal Incarceration and Children's Physically Aggressive Behaviors: Evidence from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study". Social Forces. 89 (1): 285–309. doi:10.1353/sof.2010.0055. S2CID 45247503.
Dittus, P. J.; Jaccard, J.; Gordon, V. V. (1997). "The impact of African American fathers on adolescent sexual behavior". Journal of Youth and Adolescence. 26 (4): 445–465. doi:10.1023/a:1024533422103. S2CID 142626784.

theroot.com

Gordy, Cynthia (17 June 2011). "Welfare, Fathers and Those Persistent Myths". The Root. Retrieved 2019-04-29.

upenn.edu

collaborativehistory.gse.upenn.edu

"West Philadelphia Collaborative History - Earl Little's controversial demise". collaborativehistory.gse.upenn.edu. Retrieved 2024-09-12.

usdoj.gov

bjs.ojp.usdoj.gov

Prison and Jail Inmates at Midyear 2006 Archived 2013-03-03 at the Wayback Machine (NCJ 217675). U.S. Bureau of Justice Statistics. Male incarceration by race. The percentages are for adult males, and are from page 1 of the PDF file Archived 2011-10-27 at the Wayback Machine.

walterewilliams.com

Williams, Walter E. (June 8, 2005). "Victimhood: Rhetoric or reality?". Jewish World Review. Creators Syndicate. Archived from the original on November 11, 2005. Retrieved June 1, 2020.

web.archive.org

"Moynihan's War on Poverty report". Archived from the original on 2017-01-20. Retrieved 2015-07-31.
U.S. Bureau of the Census "Table 60. Married Couples by Race and Hispanic Origin of Spouses" Archived 2015-01-01 at the Wayback Machine, December 15, 2010 (Excel table Archived 2012-10-13 at the Wayback Machine)
Williams, Walter E. (June 8, 2005). "Victimhood: Rhetoric or reality?". Jewish World Review. Creators Syndicate. Archived from the original on November 11, 2005. Retrieved June 1, 2020.
Sowell, Thomas (August 16, 2004). "A painful anniversary". Creators Syndicate. Archived from the original on August 18, 2004. Retrieved June 1, 2020.
Prison and Jail Inmates at Midyear 2006 Archived 2013-03-03 at the Wayback Machine (NCJ 217675). U.S. Bureau of Justice Statistics. Male incarceration by race. The percentages are for adult males, and are from page 1 of the PDF file Archived 2011-10-27 at the Wayback Machine.
U.S. Census Bureau. Current Population Survey. People in Families by Family Structure, Age, and Sex, Iterated by Income-to-Poverty Ratio and Race: 2007: Below 100% of Poverty – All Races Archived 2008-09-30 at the Wayback Machine.
U.S. Census Bureau. Current Population Survey. People in Families by Family Structure, Age, and Sex, Iterated by Income-to-Poverty Ratio and Race: 2007: Below 100% of Poverty – White Alone Archived 2009-04-13 at the Wayback Machine.
"Poverty 3-Part 100_06". Pubdb3.census.gov. 2008-08-26. Archived from the original on 2011-06-12. Retrieved 2010-09-16.
"Poverty 2-Part 100_09". Pubdb3.census.gov. 2008-08-26. Archived from the original on 2010-01-08. Retrieved 2010-09-16.

whoareisraelites.org

Yacob, Anaiah (2015-02-06). "The State of Black Family Structure 2015: A Curse of Dysfunctional Family". WhoAreIsraelites.Org. Retrieved 2016-11-06.

worldcat.org

search.worldcat.org

Stanziani, Alessandro (2015-10-01). "Edward BAPTIST. – The Half has never been told. Slavery and the Making of American Capitalism". Le Mouvement Social. 252 (3): I. doi:10.3917/lms.252.0177a. ISSN 0027-2671.
Barreyre, Nicolas (September 2020). "Eric Foner Reconstruction: America's Unfinished Revolution, 1863-1877 New York, Harper & Row, 1988, <scp>xxx</scp>-690 p.". Annales. Histoire, Sciences Sociales. 75 (3–4): 814–817. doi:10.1017/ahss.2021.19. ISSN 0395-2649.
"<sc>Walter Johnson</sc>. <italic>Soul by Soul: Life Inside the Antebellum Slave Market</italic>. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. 1999. Pp. 283. $26.00". The American Historical Review. October 2001. doi:10.1086/ahr/106.4.1359. ISSN 1937-5239.
Giordano, Joseph; Levine, Irving M. (Winter 1977). "Carter's Family Policy: The Pluralist's Challenge". Journal of Current Social Issues. 14 (1): 50. ISSN 0041-7211. Reproduced in White House Conference on Families, 1978: Joint Hearings Before the Subcommittee on Child and Human Development of the Committee on Human Resources, United States Senate... Washington: U.S. Government Printing Office. 1978. p. 490.
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wsj.com

"For blacks, the Pyrrhic Victory of the Obama Era, Jason L. Riley, The Wall Street Journal, November 4, 2012