Black squirrel (English Wikipedia)

Thorington, Richard W.; Thorington, Jr., Richard W.; Ferrell, Katie E. (2006). Squirrels: The Animal Answer Guide. JHU Press. p. 38–39. ISBN 0-8018-8403-9.

archive.today

"Black-squirrel population unique here". qconline.com. Moline Dispatch Publishing Company, L.L.C. 9 February 1998. Archived from the original on 7 September 2012. Retrieved 23 April 2009.

aru.ac.uk

"Interbreeding turned grey squirrels black – study". aru.ac.uk. Anglia Ruskin University. 13 August 2019. Retrieved 6 May 2020.

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Buckley, Nick (14 October 2019). "Why are there so many black squirrels in Battle Creek". Battle Creek Enquirer. Gannett. Retrieved 7 May 2020.

baynature.org

Bergamin, Alessandra (20 February 2014). "Are Black Squirrels Common in the Bay Area?". baynature.org. Bay Nature Institute. Retrieved 7 May 2020.

bbc.co.uk

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"Black squirrels set to dominate". BBC Inside Out. BBC. 20 January 2009. Retrieved 13 February 2009.

cbc.ca

Moore, Sarah (26 July 2021). "Rare black ground squirrel spotted in Banff alpine area". Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. Retrieved 1 September 2021.
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Fisher, Chris (15 April 2017). "Calgary critters: check out who calls your neighbourhood home". CBC News. Retrieved 7 May 2020.

cjonline.com

Anderson, Phil (27 October 2016). "Marysville to unveil 21 black squirrel statues during 44th annual celebration on Friday night". The Topeka Capital-Journal. Retrieved 7 May 2020.

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Peters, Benjamin (11 July 2019). "Why are Kent's black squirrels spreading across Northeast Ohio?". The Plain Dealer. Advance Publications Inc. Retrieved 7 May 2020.

ctinsider.com

Boughton, Kathryn (13 November 2012). "You're Not Seeing Things, Squirrels 'Morphing' From Gray to Black". ctinsider.com. CT Insider. Retrieved 2 September 2022.

doi.org

McRobie, Helen R.; Moncrief, Nancy D.; Mundy, Nicholas I. (2019). "Multiple origins of melanism in two species of North American tree squirrel (Sciurus)". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 19 (1): 140. Bibcode:2019BMCEE..19..140M. doi:10.1186/s12862-019-1471-7. PMC 6625063. PMID 31296164.
McRobie, Helen R.; King, Linda M.; Fanutti, Cristina; Coussons, Peter J.; Moncrief, Nancy D.; Thomas, Alison P. M. (2014). "Melanocortin 1 Receptor (MC1R) Gene Sequence Variation and Melanism in the Gray (Sciurus carolinensis), Fox (Sciurus niger), and Red (Sciurus vulgaris) Squirrel". Journal of Heredity. 105 (3): 423–8. doi:10.1093/jhered/esu006. PMID 24534267.
Ciurej et al. 2019, p. 79. Ciurej, Amanda K.; Oblander, Ashley; Swift, Andrew W.; Wilson, James A. (2019). "Melanism as a potential thermal benefit in eastern fox squirrels (Sciurus niger)". European Journal of Ecology. 5 (2): 79–87. doi:10.2478/eje-2019-0013.
Gustafson & VanDruff 1990, p. 186. Gustafson, Eric J.; VanDruff, Larry (1990). "Behavior of black and gray morphs of Sciurus carolinensis in an urban environment". American Midland Naturalist. 123 (1): 186–192. doi:10.2307/2425772. JSTOR 2425772.
Gustafson & VanDruff 1990, p. 190. Gustafson, Eric J.; VanDruff, Larry (1990). "Behavior of black and gray morphs of Sciurus carolinensis in an urban environment". American Midland Naturalist. 123 (1): 186–192. doi:10.2307/2425772. JSTOR 2425772.
Ciurej et al. 2019, p. 80. Ciurej, Amanda K.; Oblander, Ashley; Swift, Andrew W.; Wilson, James A. (2019). "Melanism as a potential thermal benefit in eastern fox squirrels (Sciurus niger)". European Journal of Ecology. 5 (2): 79–87. doi:10.2478/eje-2019-0013.
Lehtinen, Richard M.; Carlson, Brian M.; Hamm, Alyssa R.; Mullin, Maria M.; Gray, Weston J. (February 2020). "Dispatches from the neighborhood watch: Using citizen science and field survey data to document color morph frequency in space and time". Ecology and Evolution. 1 (3): 1526–1538. Bibcode:2020EcoEv..10.1526L. doi:10.1002/ece3.6006. PMC 7029058. PMID 32076531.
Ciurej et al. 2019, p. 84. Ciurej, Amanda K.; Oblander, Ashley; Swift, Andrew W.; Wilson, James A. (2019). "Melanism as a potential thermal benefit in eastern fox squirrels (Sciurus niger)". European Journal of Ecology. 5 (2): 79–87. doi:10.2478/eje-2019-0013.
McRobie, Helen; Thomas, Alison; Kelly, Jo (2009). "The genetic basis of melanism in the gray squirrel (Sciurus carolinensis)". Journal of Heredity. 100 (6): 709–714. doi:10.1093/jhered/esp059. PMID 19643815.
Bohls & Koehnle 2017, p. 233. Bohls, Patricia; Koehnle, Thomas J. (2017). "Responses of Eastern Gray Squirrels (Sciurus carolinensis) to Predator Calls and Their Modulation by Coat Color". American Midland Naturalist. 178 (2): 226–236. doi:10.1674/0003-0031-178.2.226.
Gustafson & VanDruff 1990, p. 191. Gustafson, Eric J.; VanDruff, Larry (1990). "Behavior of black and gray morphs of Sciurus carolinensis in an urban environment". American Midland Naturalist. 123 (1): 186–192. doi:10.2307/2425772. JSTOR 2425772.
Bohls & Koehnle 2017, p. 226. Bohls, Patricia; Koehnle, Thomas J. (2017). "Responses of Eastern Gray Squirrels (Sciurus carolinensis) to Predator Calls and Their Modulation by Coat Color". American Midland Naturalist. 178 (2): 226–236. doi:10.1674/0003-0031-178.2.226.
Bohls & Koehnle 2017, p. 234. Bohls, Patricia; Koehnle, Thomas J. (2017). "Responses of Eastern Gray Squirrels (Sciurus carolinensis) to Predator Calls and Their Modulation by Coat Color". American Midland Naturalist. 178 (2): 226–236. doi:10.1674/0003-0031-178.2.226.
Ciurej et al. 2019, p. 82. Ciurej, Amanda K.; Oblander, Ashley; Swift, Andrew W.; Wilson, James A. (2019). "Melanism as a potential thermal benefit in eastern fox squirrels (Sciurus niger)". European Journal of Ecology. 5 (2): 79–87. doi:10.2478/eje-2019-0013.
Wilson, James A. (2013). "Westward Expansion of Melanistic Fox Squirrels (Sciurus niger) in Omaha, Nebraska". American Midland Naturalist. 170 (2): 393–401. doi:10.1674/0003-0031-170.2.393. ISSN 0003-0031. JSTOR 23525591. Retrieved 4 March 2024.

harvard.edu

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

McRobie, Helen R.; Moncrief, Nancy D.; Mundy, Nicholas I. (2019). "Multiple origins of melanism in two species of North American tree squirrel (Sciurus)". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 19 (1): 140. Bibcode:2019BMCEE..19..140M. doi:10.1186/s12862-019-1471-7. PMC 6625063. PMID 31296164.
Lehtinen, Richard M.; Carlson, Brian M.; Hamm, Alyssa R.; Mullin, Maria M.; Gray, Weston J. (February 2020). "Dispatches from the neighborhood watch: Using citizen science and field survey data to document color morph frequency in space and time". Ecology and Evolution. 1 (3): 1526–1538. Bibcode:2020EcoEv..10.1526L. doi:10.1002/ece3.6006. PMC 7029058. PMID 32076531.

haverfordathletics.com

"Logo History". haverfordathletics.com. Haverford College. 2009. Retrieved 23 April 2009.

jstor.org

Gustafson & VanDruff 1990, p. 186. Gustafson, Eric J.; VanDruff, Larry (1990). "Behavior of black and gray morphs of Sciurus carolinensis in an urban environment". American Midland Naturalist. 123 (1): 186–192. doi:10.2307/2425772. JSTOR 2425772.
Gustafson & VanDruff 1990, p. 190. Gustafson, Eric J.; VanDruff, Larry (1990). "Behavior of black and gray morphs of Sciurus carolinensis in an urban environment". American Midland Naturalist. 123 (1): 186–192. doi:10.2307/2425772. JSTOR 2425772.
Gustafson & VanDruff 1990, p. 191. Gustafson, Eric J.; VanDruff, Larry (1990). "Behavior of black and gray morphs of Sciurus carolinensis in an urban environment". American Midland Naturalist. 123 (1): 186–192. doi:10.2307/2425772. JSTOR 2425772.
Wilson, James A. (2013). "Westward Expansion of Melanistic Fox Squirrels (Sciurus niger) in Omaha, Nebraska". American Midland Naturalist. 170 (2): 393–401. doi:10.1674/0003-0031-170.2.393. ISSN 0003-0031. JSTOR 23525591. Retrieved 4 March 2024.

kent.edu

"Black Squirrel Festival". kent.edu. Kent State University. Retrieved 7 May 2020.

kentstateuniversitypress.com

"Black Squirrel Books". kentstateuniversitypress.com. Kent state University. Retrieved 7 May 2020.

livescience.com

Letzter, Rafi (14 August 2019). "Scientists Figure Out Why There Are Black Squirrels All Over the United States". Live Science. Purch Group. Retrieved 2 June 2020.

masslive.com

"Region's black squirrels offer genetics lesson". MassLive Media, Massachusetts. Advance Publications Inc. 9 February 2009. Retrieved 28 May 2009.

mdwfp.com

Godwin, David; Hamrick, Rick. "Mississippi Squirrel Species". Mississippi Wildlife Fisheries & Parks.

msn.com

Barkham, Patrick (13 August 2019). "Black squirrel 'super' species? No, just a darker shade of grey". msn.com. Microsoft. Retrieved 7 May 2020.

nih.gov

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

McRobie, Helen R.; Moncrief, Nancy D.; Mundy, Nicholas I. (2019). "Multiple origins of melanism in two species of North American tree squirrel (Sciurus)". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 19 (1): 140. Bibcode:2019BMCEE..19..140M. doi:10.1186/s12862-019-1471-7. PMC 6625063. PMID 31296164.
McRobie, Helen R.; King, Linda M.; Fanutti, Cristina; Coussons, Peter J.; Moncrief, Nancy D.; Thomas, Alison P. M. (2014). "Melanocortin 1 Receptor (MC1R) Gene Sequence Variation and Melanism in the Gray (Sciurus carolinensis), Fox (Sciurus niger), and Red (Sciurus vulgaris) Squirrel". Journal of Heredity. 105 (3): 423–8. doi:10.1093/jhered/esu006. PMID 24534267.
Lehtinen, Richard M.; Carlson, Brian M.; Hamm, Alyssa R.; Mullin, Maria M.; Gray, Weston J. (February 2020). "Dispatches from the neighborhood watch: Using citizen science and field survey data to document color morph frequency in space and time". Ecology and Evolution. 1 (3): 1526–1538. Bibcode:2020EcoEv..10.1526L. doi:10.1002/ece3.6006. PMC 7029058. PMID 32076531.
McRobie, Helen; Thomas, Alison; Kelly, Jo (2009). "The genetic basis of melanism in the gray squirrel (Sciurus carolinensis)". Journal of Heredity. 100 (6): 709–714. doi:10.1093/jhered/esp059. PMID 19643815.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

McRobie, Helen R.; Moncrief, Nancy D.; Mundy, Nicholas I. (2019). "Multiple origins of melanism in two species of North American tree squirrel (Sciurus)". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 19 (1): 140. Bibcode:2019BMCEE..19..140M. doi:10.1186/s12862-019-1471-7. PMC 6625063. PMID 31296164.
Lehtinen, Richard M.; Carlson, Brian M.; Hamm, Alyssa R.; Mullin, Maria M.; Gray, Weston J. (February 2020). "Dispatches from the neighborhood watch: Using citizen science and field survey data to document color morph frequency in space and time". Ecology and Evolution. 1 (3): 1526–1538. Bibcode:2020EcoEv..10.1526L. doi:10.1002/ece3.6006. PMC 7029058. PMID 32076531.

oup.com

academic.oup.com

McRobie, Helen R.; King, Linda M.; Fanutti, Cristina; Coussons, Peter J.; Moncrief, Nancy D.; Thomas, Alison P. M. (2014). "Melanocortin 1 Receptor (MC1R) Gene Sequence Variation and Melanism in the Gray (Sciurus carolinensis), Fox (Sciurus niger), and Red (Sciurus vulgaris) Squirrel". Journal of Heredity. 105 (3): 423–8. doi:10.1093/jhered/esu006. PMID 24534267.

phys.org

"Interbreeding turned grey squirrels black: study". phys.org. 13 August 2019. Retrieved 2 June 2020.

princeton.edu

paw.princeton.edu

Maynard, W. Barksdale (3 December 2014). "Rise of the Rascally Squirrel". Princeton Alumni Week. Princeton University. Retrieved 7 May 2020.

qconline.com

"Black-squirrel population unique here". qconline.com. Moline Dispatch Publishing Company, L.L.C. 9 February 1998. Archived from the original on 7 September 2012. Retrieved 23 April 2009.

researchgate.net

Gustafson & VanDruff 1990, p. 186. Gustafson, Eric J.; VanDruff, Larry (1990). "Behavior of black and gray morphs of Sciurus carolinensis in an urban environment". American Midland Naturalist. 123 (1): 186–192. doi:10.2307/2425772. JSTOR 2425772.
Gustafson & VanDruff 1990, p. 190. Gustafson, Eric J.; VanDruff, Larry (1990). "Behavior of black and gray morphs of Sciurus carolinensis in an urban environment". American Midland Naturalist. 123 (1): 186–192. doi:10.2307/2425772. JSTOR 2425772.
Bohls & Koehnle 2017, p. 233. Bohls, Patricia; Koehnle, Thomas J. (2017). "Responses of Eastern Gray Squirrels (Sciurus carolinensis) to Predator Calls and Their Modulation by Coat Color". American Midland Naturalist. 178 (2): 226–236. doi:10.1674/0003-0031-178.2.226.
Gustafson & VanDruff 1990, p. 191. Gustafson, Eric J.; VanDruff, Larry (1990). "Behavior of black and gray morphs of Sciurus carolinensis in an urban environment". American Midland Naturalist. 123 (1): 186–192. doi:10.2307/2425772. JSTOR 2425772.
Bohls & Koehnle 2017, p. 226. Bohls, Patricia; Koehnle, Thomas J. (2017). "Responses of Eastern Gray Squirrels (Sciurus carolinensis) to Predator Calls and Their Modulation by Coat Color". American Midland Naturalist. 178 (2): 226–236. doi:10.1674/0003-0031-178.2.226.
Bohls & Koehnle 2017, p. 234. Bohls, Patricia; Koehnle, Thomas J. (2017). "Responses of Eastern Gray Squirrels (Sciurus carolinensis) to Predator Calls and Their Modulation by Coat Color". American Midland Naturalist. 178 (2): 226–236. doi:10.1674/0003-0031-178.2.226.

robinjarvis.com

Jarvis, Robin. "The Deptford Histories – The Oaken Throne". Robinjarvis.com. Retrieved 17 March 2021.

science.org

Stokstad, Erik (9 June 2016). "The bloody battle to save the red squirrel". Science. American Association for the Advancement of Science. Retrieved 7 May 2020.

skyways.lib.ks.us

"Black Squirrels City". skyways.lib.ks.us. Marysville Chamber of Commerce. 2008. Archived from the original on 4 March 2009. Retrieved 23 April 2009.

smithsonianmag.com

Solly, Meilan (16 August 2019). "Interspecies Breeding Is Responsible for Some Squirrels' Black Coloring". Smithsonian Magazine. Smithsonian Institution.

squirreluniversity.com

"Black Squirrel Meaning: Symbolism & Spiritual Meaning". 26 August 2023.

thesudburystar.com

Moodie, Jim (11 December 2015). "Sudbury Accent: Squirrels back in black". The Sudbury Star. Postmedia Network Inc. Retrieved 7 May 2020.

thetimes.com

Lister, David; Smith, Lewis (26 April 2008). "Squirrel wars: reds, greys and blacks battle for supremacy". The Times. Retrieved 7 May 2020.

uleth.ca

research.uleth.ca

Michener, Gail R. "Species Description of Richardson's Ground Squirrels (also known as gophers)". research.uleth.ca. University of Lethbridge. Retrieved 8 December 2021.

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"Black Squirrels on Parade". visitmarysvilleks.org. City of Marysville. Retrieved 7 May 2020.

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Fahrenthold, David A. (19 May 2005). "An Exotic Evolution". The Washington Post. Nash Holdings. Retrieved 7 May 2020.

web.archive.org

"Black Squirrels City". skyways.lib.ks.us. Marysville Chamber of Commerce. 2008. Archived from the original on 4 March 2009. Retrieved 23 April 2009.

worldcat.org

search.worldcat.org

Wilson, James A. (2013). "Westward Expansion of Melanistic Fox Squirrels (Sciurus niger) in Omaha, Nebraska". American Midland Naturalist. 170 (2): 393–401. doi:10.1674/0003-0031-170.2.393. ISSN 0003-0031. JSTOR 23525591. Retrieved 4 March 2024.

wvik.org

Sago, Renata (14 October 2014). "Are Black Squirrels Native to the Quad Cities?". wvik.org. NPR. Retrieved 7 May 2020.