Blue duck (English Wikipedia)

Veltman, C. J.; Collier, K. J.; Henderson, I. M.; Newton, L. (1995). "Foraging ecology of blue ducks Hymenolaimus malacorhynchos on a New Zealand river: implications for conservation". Biological Conservation. 74 (3): 187–194. Bibcode:1995BCons..74..187V. doi:10.1016/0006-3207(95)00029-4.

archive.org (Global: 6^th place; English: 6^th place)

Cook, James; Furneaux, Tobias (1777). A Voyage Towards the South Pole, and Round the World: Performed in His Majesty's ships the Resolution and Adventure, in the Years 1772, 1773, 1774, and 1775. Vol. 1 (2nd ed.). London: W. Strahan and T. Cadell. pp. 72, 97.
Forster, Georg (1777). A Voyage Round the World, in His Britannic Majesty's Sloop, Resolution, Commanded by Capt. James Cook, During the Years 1772, 3, 4, and 5. Vol. 1. London: B. White, P. Elmsly, G. Robinson. p. 157.
Jobling, James A. (2010). The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names. London: Christopher Helm. pp. 198, 239. ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4.
Heather, Barrie D.; Robertson, Hugh A. (1997). The field guide to the birds of New Zealand. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 266. ISBN 0670893706. Archived from the original on 23 July 2023.
Worthy, T. H.; Holdaway, R. N. (2002). The lost world of the moa : prehistoric life of New Zealand. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. p. 224. Archived from the original on 13 August 2022.
New Zealand Ornithological Congress Trust Board (1991). Acta XX Congressus Internationalis Ornithologici : Christchurch, New Zealand, 2–9 December 1990. Museum of Comparative Zoology Harvard University. Wellington, N.Z. : Ornithological Congress Trust Board. ISBN 978-0-9597975-5-8.

biodiversitylibrary.org (Global: 168^th place; English: 136^th place)

Latham, John (1785). A General Synopsis of Birds. Vol. 2, Part 2. London: Printed for Leigh and Sotheby. p. 522. Archived from the original on 1 July 2022. Retrieved 1 July 2022.
Gmelin, Johann Friedrich (1789). Systema naturae per regna tria naturae: secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis (in Latin). Vol. 1, Part 2 (13th ed.). Lipsiae [Leipzig]: Georg. Emanuel. Beer. p. 526. Archived from the original on 29 June 2022. Retrieved 1 July 2022.

birdlife.org (Global: 932^nd place; English: 1,256^th place)

datazone.birdlife.org

"Blue Duck Hymenolaimus malacorhynchos Species Factsheet". BirdLife DataZone. Retrieved 16 June 2026.

blueduckproject.co.nz (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Blue Ducks | Blue Duck Project". www.blueduckproject.co.nz. Retrieved 12 July 2026.

doc.govt.nz (Global: 3,496^th place; English: 2,112^th place)

doc.govt.nz

Moorcroft, G., Allerby, T., Baigent, D., Barsdell, J., Gebert, S., Glaser, A., ... & Thyne, C. (2010). Te Urewera Mainland Island. Department of Conservation, Rotorua (unpublished). p. 84.
Godfrey, J. D., Bryant, D. M., & Williams, M. (2003). Energetics of blue ducks in rivers of differing physical and biological characteristics. Science for Conservation, 214, 35–68.
"Dogs help ducks". www.doc.govt.nz. Retrieved 11 June 2026.
Robertson, H. A., Baird, K. A., Elliott, G., Hitchmough, R., McArthur, N., Makan, T., ... & Michel, P. (2021). Conservation status of birds in Aotearoa New Zealand, 2021. Wellington, New Zealand: Department of Conservation, Te Papa Atawhai. p. 23, 38
"Proof 1080 is protecting native species". www.doc.govt.nz. Retrieved 12 July 2026.

csl.doc.govt.nz

Glaser, Andrew; Andrew, Paul; Elliott, Graeme; Edge, Kerri-Anne (December 2010). Whio/blue duck (Hymenolaimus malacorhynchos) recovery plan 2009–2019 (PDF). Threatened Species Recovery Plan 62. Wellington, N.Z.: Department of Conservation. ISBN 978-0-478-14841-1. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 April 2012. Retrieved 21 November 2011.

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

BirdLife International (2022). "Hymenolaimus malacorhynchos". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2022 e.T22680121A214275489. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-2.RLTS.T22680121A214275489.en.
Gray, George Robert (1843). "Some remarks on the soft-billed duck of Latham". Annals and Magazine of Natural History. 11 (71): 369–372 [370]. doi:10.1080/03745484309445317. Retrieved 1 July 2022.
Bulgarella, Mariana; Sorenson, Michael D.; Peters, Jeffrey L.; Wilson, Robert E.; McCracken, Kevin G. (2010). "Phylogenetic relationships of Amazonetta, Speculanas, Lophonetta, and Tachyeres: four morphologically divergent duck genera endemic to South America". Journal of Avian Biology. 41 (2): 186–199. doi:10.1111/j.1600-048X.2009.04819.x. ISSN 0908-8857. Retrieved 17 June 2026.
Buckner, Janet C.; Ellingson, Ryan; Gold, David A.; Jones, Terry L.; Jacobs, David K. (2018). "Mitogenomics supports an unexpected taxonomic relationship for the extinct diving duck Chendytes lawi and definitively places the extinct Labrador Duck". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 122: 102–109. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2017.12.008. Retrieved 17 June 2026.
Livezey, Bradley C. (1986). "A phylogenetic analysis of recent anseriform genera using morphological characters" (PDF). Auk. 103 (4): 737–754. doi:10.1093/auk/103.4.737. JSTOR 4087184. Archived (PDF) from the original on 17 February 2020. Retrieved 29 May 2016.
Baillie, B.R.; Glaser, Andrew B. (15 March 2005). "Roost habitat of a North Island blue duck (Hymenolaimus malacorhynchos) population". Notornis. 52 (1): 2. doi:10.63172/050415czaugs. ISSN 0029-4470.
Veltman, C. J.; Collier, K. J.; Henderson, I. M.; Newton, L. (1995). "Foraging ecology of blue ducks Hymenolaimus malacorhynchos on a New Zealand river: implications for conservation". Biological Conservation. 74 (3): 187–194. Bibcode:1995BCons..74..187V. doi:10.1016/0006-3207(95)00029-4.
Kear, J.; Burton, P. J. K. (October 1971). "THE FOOD AND FEEDING APPARATUS OF THE BLUE DUCK HYMENOLAIMUS". Ibis. 113 (4): 483–493. doi:10.1111/j.1474-919X.1971.tb05182.x. ISSN 0019-1019.
Martin, Graham R.; Jarrett, Nigel; Williams, Murray (January 2007). "Visual fields in Blue Ducks Hymenolaimus malacorhynchos and Pink‐eared Ducks Malacorhynchus membranaceus : visual and tactile foraging". Ibis. 149 (1): 112–120. doi:10.1111/j.1474-919X.2006.00611.x. ISSN 0019-1019.
Steffens, Kate; Malham, Jason; Davies, Rebecca; Elliott, Graeme (31 January 2022). "Testing the effectiveness of integrated pest control at protecting whio (Hymenolaimus malacorhynchos) from stoat (Mustela erminea) predation in beech forest (Nothofagaceae)". New Zealand Journal of Ecology: 5. doi:10.20417/nzjecol.46.17. ISSN 0110-6465.

ebird.org (Global: 9,575^th place; English: 8,944^th place)

"Blue Duck - eBird". ebird.org. Retrieved 16 June 2026.

elsevier.com (Global: 365^th place; English: 372^nd place)

linkinghub.elsevier.com

Buckner, Janet C.; Ellingson, Ryan; Gold, David A.; Jones, Terry L.; Jacobs, David K. (2018). "Mitogenomics supports an unexpected taxonomic relationship for the extinct diving duck Chendytes lawi and definitively places the extinct Labrador Duck". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 122: 102–109. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2017.12.008. Retrieved 17 June 2026.

environment.govt.nz (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Business case: Simplifying the regulation of aerial 1080 under the Resource Management Act". Ministry for the Environment. 1 April 2016. Retrieved 12 July 2026.

fwf.net.nz (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Whio Conservation in Fiordland". Fiordland Wapiti Foundation. Retrieved 11 June 2026.

genesisenergy.co.nz (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Whio Forever partnership | Genesis NZ". www.genesisenergy.co.nz. Retrieved 6 July 2026.

google.co.in (Global: 4,157^th place; English: 2,752^nd place)

books.google.co.in

Worthy, T. H.; Holdaway, R. N. (2002). The lost world of the moa : prehistoric life of New Zealand. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. p. 224. Archived from the original on 13 August 2022.

hbw.com (Global: 1,676^th place; English: 3,384^th place)

Carboneras, K.; Kirwan, G.M. (2017). del Hoyo, Josep; Elliott, Andrew; Sargatal, Jordi; Christie, David A.; de Juana, Eduardo (eds.). "Blue Duck (Hymenolaimus malacorhynchos)". Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive. Barcelona, Spain: Lynx Edicions. Archived from the original on 4 April 2023. Retrieved 5 December 2017.

iucnredlist.org (Global: 39^th place; English: 71^st place)

BirdLife International (2022). "Hymenolaimus malacorhynchos". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2022 e.T22680121A214275489. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-2.RLTS.T22680121A214275489.en.
"Results". www.iucnredlist.org. IUCN. Retrieved 17 June 2026.

jstor.org (Global: 23^rd place; English: 15^th place)

Livezey, Bradley C. (1986). "A phylogenetic analysis of recent anseriform genera using morphological characters" (PDF). Auk. 103 (4): 737–754. doi:10.1093/auk/103.4.737. JSTOR 4087184. Archived (PDF) from the original on 17 February 2020. Retrieved 29 May 2016.

nhm.ac.uk (Global: 416^th place; English: 865^th place)

"Habitat loss > Hymenolaimus malacorhynchos (blue duck, whio) > Taxonomy". NHM.ac.uk. Natural History Museum, London. Archived from the original on 14 August 2014. Retrieved 5 December 2014.
"Discover Natural History Museum". www.nhm.ac.uk. National History Museum. Archived from the original on 14 August 2014. Retrieved 17 June 2026.

nzbirdsonline.org.nz (Global: low place; English: 7,030^th place)

"Blue Duck". Archived from the original on 30 May 2022. Retrieved 26 September 2020.
"Blue duck". New Zealand Birds Online. 2 April 2011. Retrieved 17 June 2026.
Marchant, S.; Higgins, P.G., eds. (1990). "Hymenolaimus malacorhynchos Blue Duck" (PDF). Handbook of Australian, New Zealand & Antarctic Birds. Volume 1: Ratites to ducks; Part B, Australian pelican to ducks. Melbourne, Victoria: Oxford University Press. pp. 1255–1260. ISBN 978-0-19-553068-1. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 August 2022. Retrieved 1 July 2022.

nzgeo.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Blue duck: the white-water champion". New Zealand Geographic. Retrieved 12 July 2026.
Hansford, Dave (July–August 2018). "The first test". New Zealand Geographic. 152: 74–91. Archived from the original on 6 August 2018. Retrieved 5 August 2018.

sciencelearn.org.nz (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Whio – the blue duck". Science Learning Hub. Retrieved 6 July 2026.

scientificamerican.com (Global: 1,110^th place; English: 817^th place)

blogs.scientificamerican.com

Lite, Jordan. "Gay ducks derail repopulation plan". Scientific American Blog Network. Archived from the original on 4 December 2021. Retrieved 4 December 2021.

staglands.co.nz (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Whio (Blue Duck) | Staglands Wildlife Reserve". www.staglands.co.nz. Retrieved 12 July 2026.

teara.govt.nz (Global: 1,040^th place; English: 608^th place)

"Whio – blue ducks". teara.govt.nz. Retrieved 12 July 2026.
"Whio bill". teara.govt.nz. Retrieved 12 July 2026.

tidsskrift.dk (Global: low place; English: low place)

Eldridge, Jan L. (1986). "Territoriality in a river specialist: the Blue Duck". Wildfowl. 37: 123–135. ISSN 2052-6458.
Williams, Murray (1991). "Social and demographic characteristics of Blue Duck Hymenolaimus malacorhynchos". Wildfowl. 42: 65–86. ISSN 2052-6458.

unm.edu (Global: 1,919^th place; English: 1,213^th place)

sora.unm.edu

Livezey, Bradley C. (1986). "A phylogenetic analysis of recent anseriform genera using morphological characters" (PDF). Auk. 103 (4): 737–754. doi:10.1093/auk/103.4.737. JSTOR 4087184. Archived (PDF) from the original on 17 February 2020. Retrieved 29 May 2016.

usf.edu (Global: 3,578^th place; English: 2,097^th place)

digitalcommons.usf.edu

Heather, Barrie D.; Robertson, Hugh A. (1997). The field guide to the birds of New Zealand. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 266. ISBN 0670893706. Archived from the original on 23 July 2023.

waterfowl.org.uk (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Blue Duck". British Waterfowl Association. Archived from the original on 5 March 2022. Retrieved 5 March 2022.

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

Latham, John (1785). A General Synopsis of Birds. Vol. 2, Part 2. London: Printed for Leigh and Sotheby. p. 522. Archived from the original on 1 July 2022. Retrieved 1 July 2022.
Gmelin, Johann Friedrich (1789). Systema naturae per regna tria naturae: secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis (in Latin). Vol. 1, Part 2 (13th ed.). Lipsiae [Leipzig]: Georg. Emanuel. Beer. p. 526. Archived from the original on 29 June 2022. Retrieved 1 July 2022.
Gill, Frank; Donsker, David; Rasmussen, Pamela, eds. (January 2022). "Screamers, ducks, geese & swans". IOC World Bird List Version 12.1. International Ornithologists' Union. Archived from the original on 1 October 2017. Retrieved 1 July 2022.
"Habitat loss > Hymenolaimus malacorhynchos (blue duck, whio) > Taxonomy". NHM.ac.uk. Natural History Museum, London. Archived from the original on 14 August 2014. Retrieved 5 December 2014.
Livezey, Bradley C. (1986). "A phylogenetic analysis of recent anseriform genera using morphological characters" (PDF). Auk. 103 (4): 737–754. doi:10.1093/auk/103.4.737. JSTOR 4087184. Archived (PDF) from the original on 17 February 2020. Retrieved 29 May 2016.
"Blue Duck". Archived from the original on 30 May 2022. Retrieved 26 September 2020.
Marchant, S.; Higgins, P.G., eds. (1990). "Hymenolaimus malacorhynchos Blue Duck" (PDF). Handbook of Australian, New Zealand & Antarctic Birds. Volume 1: Ratites to ducks; Part B, Australian pelican to ducks. Melbourne, Victoria: Oxford University Press. pp. 1255–1260. ISBN 978-0-19-553068-1. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 August 2022. Retrieved 1 July 2022.
Carboneras, K.; Kirwan, G.M. (2017). del Hoyo, Josep; Elliott, Andrew; Sargatal, Jordi; Christie, David A.; de Juana, Eduardo (eds.). "Blue Duck (Hymenolaimus malacorhynchos)". Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive. Barcelona, Spain: Lynx Edicions. Archived from the original on 4 April 2023. Retrieved 5 December 2017.
"Discover Natural History Museum". www.nhm.ac.uk. National History Museum. Archived from the original on 14 August 2014. Retrieved 17 June 2026.
"Ducky companion saves blue Jerry from a lonely life". WWT.org.uk. Wildfowl & Wetlands Trust. 5 March 2012. Archived from the original on 9 December 2014. Retrieved 5 December 2014.
Lite, Jordan. "Gay ducks derail repopulation plan". Scientific American Blog Network. Archived from the original on 4 December 2021. Retrieved 4 December 2021.
"Blue Duck". British Waterfowl Association. Archived from the original on 5 March 2022. Retrieved 5 March 2022.
Glaser, Andrew; Andrew, Paul; Elliott, Graeme; Edge, Kerri-Anne (December 2010). Whio/blue duck (Hymenolaimus malacorhynchos) recovery plan 2009–2019 (PDF). Threatened Species Recovery Plan 62. Wellington, N.Z.: Department of Conservation. ISBN 978-0-478-14841-1. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 April 2012. Retrieved 21 November 2011.
Hansford, Dave (July–August 2018). "The first test". New Zealand Geographic. 152: 74–91. Archived from the original on 6 August 2018. Retrieved 5 August 2018.
"DOC - Whio Forever Programme". zooaquarium.org.au. Archived from the original on 6 December 2025. Retrieved 6 July 2026.

wiley.com (Global: 150^th place; English: 174^th place)

onlinelibrary.wiley.com

Kear, J.; Burton, P. J. K. (October 1971). "THE FOOD AND FEEDING APPARATUS OF THE BLUE DUCK HYMENOLAIMUS". Ibis. 113 (4): 483–493. doi:10.1111/j.1474-919X.1971.tb05182.x. ISSN 0019-1019.
Martin, Graham R.; Jarrett, Nigel; Williams, Murray (January 2007). "Visual fields in Blue Ducks Hymenolaimus malacorhynchos and Pink‐eared Ducks Malacorhynchus membranaceus : visual and tactile foraging". Ibis. 149 (1): 112–120. doi:10.1111/j.1474-919X.2006.00611.x. ISSN 0019-1019.

nsojournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com

Bulgarella, Mariana; Sorenson, Michael D.; Peters, Jeffrey L.; Wilson, Robert E.; McCracken, Kevin G. (2010). "Phylogenetic relationships of Amazonetta, Speculanas, Lophonetta, and Tachyeres: four morphologically divergent duck genera endemic to South America". Journal of Avian Biology. 41 (2): 186–199. doi:10.1111/j.1600-048X.2009.04819.x. ISSN 0908-8857. Retrieved 17 June 2026.

worldbirdnames.org (Global: 452^nd place; English: 844^th place)

Gill, Frank; Donsker, David; Rasmussen, Pamela, eds. (January 2022). "Screamers, ducks, geese & swans". IOC World Bird List Version 12.1. International Ornithologists' Union. Archived from the original on 1 October 2017. Retrieved 1 July 2022.

worldcat.org (Global: 4^th place; English: 4^th place)

search.worldcat.org

Bulgarella, Mariana; Sorenson, Michael D.; Peters, Jeffrey L.; Wilson, Robert E.; McCracken, Kevin G. (2010). "Phylogenetic relationships of Amazonetta, Speculanas, Lophonetta, and Tachyeres: four morphologically divergent duck genera endemic to South America". Journal of Avian Biology. 41 (2): 186–199. doi:10.1111/j.1600-048X.2009.04819.x. ISSN 0908-8857. Retrieved 17 June 2026.
Lindsey, Terence; Morris, Rod (2011). Collins field guide to New Zealand wildlife. Auckland: HarperCollins. ISBN 978-1-86950-881-4. OCLC 776539108.
Baillie, B.R.; Glaser, Andrew B. (15 March 2005). "Roost habitat of a North Island blue duck (Hymenolaimus malacorhynchos) population". Notornis. 52 (1): 2. doi:10.63172/050415czaugs. ISSN 0029-4470.
Eldridge, Jan L. (1986). "Territoriality in a river specialist: the Blue Duck". Wildfowl. 37: 123–135. ISSN 2052-6458.
Kear, J.; Burton, P. J. K. (October 1971). "THE FOOD AND FEEDING APPARATUS OF THE BLUE DUCK HYMENOLAIMUS". Ibis. 113 (4): 483–493. doi:10.1111/j.1474-919X.1971.tb05182.x. ISSN 0019-1019.
Martin, Graham R.; Jarrett, Nigel; Williams, Murray (January 2007). "Visual fields in Blue Ducks Hymenolaimus malacorhynchos and Pink‐eared Ducks Malacorhynchus membranaceus : visual and tactile foraging". Ibis. 149 (1): 112–120. doi:10.1111/j.1474-919X.2006.00611.x. ISSN 0019-1019.
Williams, Murray (1991). "Social and demographic characteristics of Blue Duck Hymenolaimus malacorhynchos". Wildfowl. 42: 65–86. ISSN 2052-6458.
Steffens, Kate; Malham, Jason; Davies, Rebecca; Elliott, Graeme (31 January 2022). "Testing the effectiveness of integrated pest control at protecting whio (Hymenolaimus malacorhynchos) from stoat (Mustela erminea) predation in beech forest (Nothofagaceae)". New Zealand Journal of Ecology: 5. doi:10.20417/nzjecol.46.17. ISSN 0110-6465.

wwf.org.nz (Global: low place; English: low place)

"The Banknote Birds". wwf.org.nz. 27 June 2023. Retrieved 13 July 2026.

wwt.org.uk (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Ducky companion saves blue Jerry from a lonely life". WWT.org.uk. Wildfowl & Wetlands Trust. 5 March 2012. Archived from the original on 9 December 2014. Retrieved 5 December 2014.

zenodo.org (Global: 737^th place; English: 426^th place)

Gray, George Robert (1843). "Some remarks on the soft-billed duck of Latham". Annals and Magazine of Natural History. 11 (71): 369–372 [370]. doi:10.1080/03745484309445317. Retrieved 1 July 2022.

zooaquarium.org.au (Global: low place; English: low place)

"DOC - Whio Forever Programme". zooaquarium.org.au. Archived from the original on 6 December 2025. Retrieved 6 July 2026.

Blue duck (English Wikipedia)

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birdlife.org (Global: 932^nd place; English: 1,256^th place)

doc.govt.nz (Global: 3,496^th place; English: 2,112^th place)

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

ebird.org (Global: 9,575^th place; English: 8,944^th place)

elsevier.com (Global: 365^th place; English: 372^nd place)

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