Blues (English Wikipedia)

"The Historical Roots of Blues Music". African American Intellectual History Society. May 9, 2018. Retrieved September 29, 2020.
Pearley, Lamont Sr. (May 9, 2018). "The Historical Roots of Blues Music". African American Intellectual History Society (AAIHS). Retrieved December 8, 2025.

academia.edu (Global: 121^st place; English: 142^nd place)

Durán, Lucy (2013). "POYI! Bamana jeli music, Mali and the blues". Journal of African Cultural Studies. 25 (2): 211–246. doi:10.1080/13696815.2013.792725. ISSN 1369-6815. S2CID 191563534.

afgen.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Phil Petrie. "History of gospel music". Afgen.com. Retrieved September 8, 2008.

afropop.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Afropop Worldwide | Africa and the Blues: An Interview with Gerhard Kubik". Afropop.org.

aliciapatterson.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

Steper, Bill (1999). "African-American Music from the Mississippi Hill Country: "They Say Drums Was a-Calling"". APF Reporter. Archived from the original on September 6, 2008. Retrieved October 27, 2008.

allaboutjazz.com (Global: 2,598^th place; English: 1,552^nd place)

Bailey, C. Michael (October 4, 2003). "West Side Chicago Blues". All About Jazz. Retrieved August 13, 2008.

allmusic.com (Global: 25^th place; English: 22^nd place)

Aynsley Dunbar Retaliation, AllMusic, Retrieved 9 November 2022
"Phoebe Snow San Francisco Bay Blues". AllMusic. Retrieved November 4, 2022.

americanindiannews.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

"MUSIC: Exploring Native American influence on the blues". September 17, 2009. Archived from the original on December 24, 2017. Retrieved October 15, 2014.

archive.org (Global: 6^th place; English: 6^th place)

Oliver, Paul (1998). The story of the blues. Internet Archive. Boston, Mass. : Northeastern University Press. ISBN 978-1-55553-355-7.
Moore, Allan F. (2002). The Cambridge Companion to Blues and Gospel Music. Cambridge University Press. p. 32. ISBN 978-0-521-00107-6.
Oliver, Paul (1984). Blues Off the Record:Thirty Years of Blues Commentary. New York: Da Capo Press. pp. 45–47. ISBN 978-0-306-80321-5.
Vierwo, Barbara; Trudeau, Andy (2005). The Curious Listener's Guide to the Blues. Stone Press. p. 15. ISBN 978-0-399-53072-2.
Dicaire, David (2002). More Blues Singers: Biographies of 50 Artists from the Later 20th Century. McFarland. pp. 238–242. ISBN 9780786410354.
Gussow, Adam (2017). Beyond the Crossroads: The Devil and the Blues Tradition. The University of North Carolina Press.

archive.today (Global: 14^th place; English: 14^th place)

The "Trésor de la Langue Française informatisé" provides this etymology of blues and cites Colman's farce as the first appearance of the term in the English language; see "Blues" (in French). Centre Nationale de Ressources Textuelles et Lixicales. Archived from the original on June 28, 2012. Retrieved October 15, 2010.
"A Jazz Improvisation Almanac, Outside Shore Music Online School". Archived from the original on September 11, 2012.

atilf.fr (Global: 5,654^th place; English: low place)

atilf.atilf.fr

The "Trésor de la Langue Française informatisé" provides this etymology of blues and cites Colman's farce as the first appearance of the term in the English language; see "Blues" (in French). Centre Nationale de Ressources Textuelles et Lixicales. Archived from the original on June 28, 2012. Retrieved October 15, 2010.

austin360.com (Global: 6,415^th place; English: 3,903^rd place)

Corcoran, Michael. "The Soul of Blind Willie Johnson". Austin American-Statesman. Archived from the original on October 30, 2005. Retrieved February 3, 2009.

aye.net (Global: low place; English: low place)

members.aye.net

"Kentuckiana Blues Society". Members.aye.net. Retrieved September 26, 2008.

bbc.co.uk (Global: 8^th place; English: 10^th place)

"BBC – GCSE Bitesize: Origins of the blues". BBC. Retrieved September 15, 2015.

bbc.com (Global: 20^th place; English: 30^th place)

Lynskey, Dorian (February 16, 2021). "The forgotten story of America's first black superstars". Bbc.co.uk. Retrieved February 22, 2022.

bbfc.co.uk (Global: 191^st place; English: 148^th place)

"Sinners BBFC". BBFC. Retrieved April 26, 2025.

blues.org (Global: low place; English: 8,287^th place)

Hawkeye Herman. "Blues Foundation homepage". Blues Foundation. Archived from the original on December 10, 2008. Retrieved October 15, 2010.
"Blues Music Awards information". Archived from the original on April 29, 2006. Retrieved November 25, 2005.

bobbrozman.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Brozman, Bob (2002). "The Evolution of the 12-Bar Blues Progression". Archived from the original on May 25, 2010. Retrieved May 2, 2009.

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; English: 3^rd place)

Rhodes, Richard (2006). John James Audubon: The Making of an American. Random House. p. 302. ISBN 9780375713934.
Blesh, Rudi; Janis, Harriet Grossman (1958). They All Played Ragtime: The True Story of an American Music. Sidgwick & Jackson. p. 186. ISBN 978-1-4437-3152-2. {{cite book}}: ISBN / Date incompatibility (help)
Chambers, Douglas B. (2009). Murder at Montpelier: Igbo Africans in Virginia. University Press of Mississippi. p. 180. ISBN 978-1-60473-246-7.

britannica.com (Global: 40^th place; English: 58^th place)

"Koko Taylor". Britannica. Retrieved August 15, 2025.

cbsnews.com (Global: 108^th place; English: 80^th place)

"Blues Queen Koko Taylor Dies At 80". CBS News. June 3, 2009. Retrieved August 15, 2025.

chicagohistory.org (Global: 5,735^th place; English: 3,335^th place)

encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org

"Blues". Encyclopedia of Chicago. Retrieved August 13, 2008.

civilrightsmuseum.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Honoring Jazz: An Early American Art Form". National Civil Rights Museum. Archived from the original on February 5, 2023. Retrieved November 7, 2022.

colum.edu (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Country music". Columbia College Chicago. 2007–2008. Archived from the original on June 2, 2008. Retrieved September 2, 2008.

culturalequity.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Reverend Gary Davis". 2009. Archived from the original on February 12, 2009. Retrieved February 3, 2009.

deepmedia.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

Fullman, Ellen. "The Long String Instrument" (PDF). MusicWorks. Issue 37, Fall 1987. Archived from the original (PDF) on June 25, 2008.

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

Gussow, Adam (December 2006). "'Where Is the Love?': Racial Violence, Racial Healing, and Blues Communities". Southern Cultures. 12 (4): 33–54. doi:10.1353/scu.2006.0047. ISSN 1534-1488.
Durán, Lucy (2013). "POYI! Bamana jeli music, Mali and the blues". Journal of African Cultural Studies. 25 (2): 211–246. doi:10.1080/13696815.2013.792725. ISSN 1369-6815. S2CID 191563534.
Ho, Tammy Lai-Ming (September 2025). "The Monkey King's Diasporic Reassemblage in Sinners". World Literature Today. 99 (5): 21–23. doi:10.1353/wlt.2025.a968992. ISSN 1945-8134.

ghostarchive.org (Global: 32^nd place; English: 21^st place)

"The Influence of the Blues on Jazz" (PDF). Thelonious Monk Institute of Jazz. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 9, 2022. Retrieved August 17, 2008.

googobits.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Jennifer Nicole (August 15, 2005). "The Blues: The Revolution of Music". Archived from the original on September 6, 2008. Retrieved August 17, 2008.

honkytonks.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

Golding, Barrett. "The Rise of the Country Blues". NPR. Retrieved December 27, 2008.

how-to-play-blues-guitar.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Call and Response in Blues". How to Play Blues Guitar. Archived from the original on October 10, 2008. Retrieved August 11, 2008.

huffpost.com (Global: 378^th place; English: 251^st place)

m.huffpost.com

Devi, Debra (2013). "Why Is the Blues Called the 'Blues'?" Huffington Post, 4 January 2013. Retrieved November 15, 2015

imdb.com (Global: 16^th place; English: 23^rd place)

The Blues (Documentary, Music), B. B. King, Ike Turner, Pinetop Perkins, Road Movies Filmproduktion, Vulcan Productions, September 28, 2003, retrieved May 18, 2025{{citation}}: CS1 maint: others (link)

jazzinamerica.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

"The Influence of the Blues on Jazz" (PDF). Thelonious Monk Institute of Jazz. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 9, 2022. Retrieved August 17, 2008.

lclark.edu (Global: low place; English: low place)

"The Blues Influence On Rock & Roll". Archived from the original on April 4, 2007. Retrieved August 17, 2008.

loc.gov (Global: 70^th place; English: 63^rd place)

"Image 5 of Walden, or, Life in the woods". Loc.gov.

milanrecords.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Ruth B. Shares new track "Paper Airplanes" from Netflix's latest film a Jazzman's Blues". Milanrecords.com. August 23, 2022.

msbluestrail.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Hill Country Blues". Msbluestrail.org. Retrieved September 13, 2011.

newcity.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

music.newcity.com

Polkow, Dennis (June 4, 2009). "Koko Taylor, "Queen of the Blues," 1928-2009". Retrieved August 15, 2025.

newyorker.com (Global: 146^th place; English: 110^th place)

Brody, Richard (April 17, 2025). ""Sinners" Is a Virtuosic Fusion of Historical Realism and Horror". The New Yorker. ISSN 0028-792X. Retrieved October 22, 2025.

outsideshore.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"A Jazz Improvisation Almanac, Outside Shore Music Online School". Archived from the original on September 11, 2012.

pbs.org (Global: 198^th place; English: 154^th place)

"In Performance at the White House: Red, White and Blues". PBS. Archived from the original on July 24, 2018. Retrieved July 23, 2018.

robertchristgau.com (Global: 817^th place; English: 470^th place)

Christgau, Robert (1981). "Consumer Guide '70s: T". Christgau's Record Guide: Rock Albums of the Seventies. Ticknor & Fields. ISBN 089919026X. Retrieved March 15, 2019 – via robertchristgau.com.
Christgau, Robert (June 15, 1972). "A Power Plant". Newsday. Archived from the original on April 26, 2019. Retrieved September 10, 2018.

rockandbluesmuse.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Horowitz, Hal (July 14, 2025). "Review: Koko Taylor 'Crown Jewels'". Retrieved August 15, 2025.

rogerebert.com (Global: 133^rd place; English: 102^nd place)

"A Jazzman's Blues movie review (2022)". Rogerebert.com.

rottentomatoes.com (Global: 29^th place; English: 29^th place)

"The Blues Brothers (1980)". Rotten Tomatoes. Flixster. June 18, 1980. Archived from the original on January 25, 2021. Retrieved May 10, 2024.

scalawagmagazine.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

Wright, Aallyah (April 25, 2025). "Sinners, the South, and the Price of Playing the Blues". Scalawag. Retrieved October 22, 2025.

semanticscholar.org (Global: 11^th place; English: 8^th place)

api.semanticscholar.org

Durán, Lucy (2013). "POYI! Bamana jeli music, Mali and the blues". Journal of African Cultural Studies. 25 (2): 211–246. doi:10.1080/13696815.2013.792725. ISSN 1369-6815. S2CID 191563534.

sfgate.com (Global: 166^th place; English: 121^st place)

Curiel, Jonathan (August 15, 2004). "Muslim roots of the blues / The music of famous American blues singers reaches back through the South to the culture of West Africa". SFGATE. Archived from the original on September 5, 2005. Retrieved October 26, 2021.

stanwebb.co.uk (Global: low place; English: low place)

Stan Webb's Chickenshack Beginnings Archived July 19, 2011, at the Wayback Machine, Stanwebb.co.uk. Retrieved 4 November 2022

thecharlesbradley.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Charles Bradley Bio". Thecharlesbradley.com. February 19, 2024. Retrieved January 13, 2025.

tshaonline.org (Global: 1,257^th place; English: 735^th place)

Oliphant, Dave. "Henry Thomas". The Handbook of Texas Online. Retrieved September 26, 2008.

unt.edu (Global: 1,336^th place; English: 769^th place)

digital.library.unt.edu

Howlin' Wolf & Jimmy Reed interviewed on the Pop Chronicles (1969)

visitmississippi.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

Martin, Stephen (April 3, 2008). "Malaco Records to be honored with blues trail marker" (PDF). Mississippi Development Authority. Archived from the original (PDF) on September 10, 2008. Retrieved August 28, 2008.

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

"Honoring Jazz: An Early American Art Form". National Civil Rights Museum. Archived from the original on February 5, 2023. Retrieved November 7, 2022.
Calt, Stephen; Perls, Nick; Stewart, Michael. Ten Years of Black Country Religion 1926–1936 (LP back cover notes). New York: Yazoo Records. L-1022. Archived from the original on October 2, 2008.
"Reverend Gary Davis". 2009. Archived from the original on February 12, 2009. Retrieved February 3, 2009.
Corcoran, Michael. "The Soul of Blind Willie Johnson". Austin American-Statesman. Archived from the original on October 30, 2005. Retrieved February 3, 2009.
Brozman, Bob (2002). "The Evolution of the 12-Bar Blues Progression". Archived from the original on May 25, 2010. Retrieved May 2, 2009.
Fullman, Ellen. "The Long String Instrument" (PDF). MusicWorks. Issue 37, Fall 1987. Archived from the original (PDF) on June 25, 2008.
"Lead Belly Foundation". Archived from the original on January 23, 2010. Retrieved September 26, 2008.
"Call and Response in Blues". How to Play Blues Guitar. Archived from the original on October 10, 2008. Retrieved August 11, 2008.
"MUSIC: Exploring Native American influence on the blues". September 17, 2009. Archived from the original on December 24, 2017. Retrieved October 15, 2014.
Steper, Bill (1999). "African-American Music from the Mississippi Hill Country: "They Say Drums Was a-Calling"". APF Reporter. Archived from the original on September 6, 2008. Retrieved October 27, 2008.
Hawkeye Herman. "Blues Foundation homepage". Blues Foundation. Archived from the original on December 10, 2008. Retrieved October 15, 2010.
Stan Webb's Chickenshack Beginnings Archived July 19, 2011, at the Wayback Machine, Stanwebb.co.uk. Retrieved 4 November 2022
Martin, Stephen (April 3, 2008). "Malaco Records to be honored with blues trail marker" (PDF). Mississippi Development Authority. Archived from the original (PDF) on September 10, 2008. Retrieved August 28, 2008.
"Blues Music Awards information". Archived from the original on April 29, 2006. Retrieved November 25, 2005.
Jennifer Nicole (August 15, 2005). "The Blues: The Revolution of Music". Archived from the original on September 6, 2008. Retrieved August 17, 2008.
Christgau, Robert (June 15, 1972). "A Power Plant". Newsday. Archived from the original on April 26, 2019. Retrieved September 10, 2018.
"The Blues Influence On Rock & Roll". Archived from the original on April 4, 2007. Retrieved August 17, 2008.
"History of Rock and Roll". Zip-Country Homepage. Archived from the original on August 28, 2008. Retrieved September 2, 2008.
"Country music". Columbia College Chicago. 2007–2008. Archived from the original on June 2, 2008. Retrieved September 2, 2008.
Curiel, Jonathan (August 15, 2004). "Muslim roots of the blues / The music of famous American blues singers reaches back through the South to the culture of West Africa". SFGATE. Archived from the original on September 5, 2005. Retrieved October 26, 2021.
"The Blues Brothers (1980)". Rotten Tomatoes. Flixster. June 18, 1980. Archived from the original on January 25, 2021. Retrieved May 10, 2024.
"In Performance at the White House: Red, White and Blues". PBS. Archived from the original on July 24, 2018. Retrieved July 23, 2018.

wirz.de (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Photographic image of record label" (JPG). Wirz.de. Retrieved February 24, 2022.
Calt, Stephen; Perls, Nick; Stewart, Michael. Ten Years of Black Country Religion 1926–1936 (LP back cover notes). New York: Yazoo Records. L-1022. Archived from the original on October 2, 2008.
Calt, Stephen; Perls, Nick; Stewart, Michael. The Georgia Blues 1927–1933 (LP back cover notes). New York: Yazoo Records. L-1012.
Kent, Don (1968). 10 Years In Memphis 1927–1937 (vinyl back cover). New York: Yazoo Records. L-1002.
Calt, Stephen; Perls, Nick; Stewart, Michael (1970). Memphis Jamboree 1927–1936 (vinyl back cover). New York: Yazoo Records. L-1021.
Pierson, Leroy (1976). Detroit Ghetto Blues 1948 to 1954 (LP back cover notes). St. Louis: Nighthawk Records. 104.

worldcat.org (Global: 5^th place; English: 5^th place)

search.worldcat.org

Gussow, Adam (December 2006). "'Where Is the Love?': Racial Violence, Racial Healing, and Blues Communities". Southern Cultures. 12 (4): 33–54. doi:10.1353/scu.2006.0047. ISSN 1534-1488.
Durán, Lucy (2013). "POYI! Bamana jeli music, Mali and the blues". Journal of African Cultural Studies. 25 (2): 211–246. doi:10.1080/13696815.2013.792725. ISSN 1369-6815. S2CID 191563534.
Ho, Tammy Lai-Ming (September 2025). "The Monkey King's Diasporic Reassemblage in Sinners". World Literature Today. 99 (5): 21–23. doi:10.1353/wlt.2025.a968992. ISSN 1945-8134.
Brody, Richard (April 17, 2025). ""Sinners" Is a Virtuosic Fusion of Historical Realism and Horror". The New Yorker. ISSN 0028-792X. Retrieved October 22, 2025.

zaytuna.edu (Global: low place; English: low place)

renovatio.zaytuna.edu

Sylviane A. Diouf, "What Islam Gave the Blues", Renovatio, June 17, 2019. Retrieved August 17, 2023

zip-country.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"History of Rock and Roll". Zip-Country Homepage. Archived from the original on August 28, 2008. Retrieved September 2, 2008.

Blues (English Wikipedia)

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afropop.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

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allaboutjazz.com (Global: 2,598th place; English: 1,552nd place)

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