Body dysmorphic disorder (English Wikipedia)

Phillips, Katharine A. (2009-02-20). Understanding Body Dysmorphic Disorder. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-974396-4.
Katharine A Phillips, Understanding Body Dysmorphic Disorder: An Essential Guide (New York: Oxford University Press, 2009), ch 9.

crossroadshealth.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

Foley, Wade (2021-03-07). "Body Dysmorphia as A Trauma Response". Crossroads Health. Retrieved 2022-11-24.

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

Cororve, Michelle; Gleaves, David (August 2001). "Body dysmorphic disorder: A review of conceptualizations, assessment, and treatment strategies". Clinical Psychology Review. 21 (6): 949–970. doi:10.1016/s0272-7358(00)00075-1. PMID 11497214.
Bjornsson AS; Didie ER; Phillips KA (2010). "Body dysmorphic disorder". Dialogues Clin Neurosci. 12 (2): 221–32. doi:10.31887/DCNS.2010.12.2/abjornsson. PMC 3181960. PMID 20623926.
Pérez-Buenfil, Luis Ángel; Morales-Sánchez, Martha Alejandra (2025). "Prevalence of Body Dysmorphic Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis". Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology. 24 (4) e70121. doi:10.1111/jocd.70121. ISSN 1473-2165. PMC 11979448. PMID 40200598.
Amir Mufaddel; Ossama T Osman; Fadwa Almugaddam; Mohammad Jafferany (2013). "A review of body dysmorphic disorder and Its presentation in different clinical settings". Primary Care Companion for CNS Disorders. 15 (4). doi:10.4088/PCC.12r01464. PMC 3869603. PMID 24392251.
Buhlmann, Ulrike; Reese, Hannah E.; Renaud, Stefanie; Wilhelm, Sabine (March 2008). "Clinical considerations for the treatment of body dysmorphic disorder with cognitive-behavioral therapy". Body Image. 5 (1): 39–49. doi:10.1016/j.bodyim.2007.12.002. PMID 18313372.
Veale, D., Miles, S., Read, J., Troglia, A., Carmona, L., Fiorito, C., Wells, H., Wylie, K., & Muir, G. (2015). Penile Dysmorphic Disorder: Development of a Screening Scale. Archives of sexual behavior, 44(8), 2311–2321. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-015-0484-6
Carroll, Deirdre H.; Scahill, Larry; Phillips, Katharine A. (April 2002). "Current concepts in body dysmorphic disorder". Archives of Psychiatric Nursing. 16 (2): 72–79. doi:10.1053/apnu.2002.32109. PMID 11925574.
"Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders". Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. 2013. doi:10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596.dsm06. ISBN 978-0-89042-555-8.
Fang, Angela; Hofmann Stefan G (Dec 2010). "Relationship between social anxiety disorder and body dysmorphic disorder". Clinical Psychology Review. 30 (8): 1040–1048. doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2010.08.001. PMC 2952668. PMID 20817336.
Toh, Wei Lin; Castle, David J.; Mountjoy, Rachel L.; Buchanan, Ben; Farhall, John; Rossell, Susan L. (2017-08-01). "Insight in body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) relative to obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and psychotic disorders: Revisiting this issue in light of DSM-5". Comprehensive Psychiatry. 77: 100–108. doi:10.1016/j.comppsych.2017.06.004. ISSN 0010-440X. PMID 28651226.
Buchanan Ben G, Rossell Susan L, Castle David J (Feb 2011). "Body dysmorphic disorder: A review of nosology, cognition and neurobiology". Neuropsychiatry. 1 (1): 71–80. doi:10.2217/npy.10.3 (inactive 10 August 2026).{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of August 2026 (link)
Addison, Mark; James, Anthony; Borschmann, Rohan; Costa, Marta; Jassi, Amita; Krebs, Georgina (2024-09-15). "Suicidal thoughts and behaviours in body dysmorphic disorder: Prevalence and correlates in a sample of mental health service users in the UK". Journal of Affective Disorders. 361: 515–521. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2024.05.145. ISSN 0165-0327. PMID 38821371.
Feusner, J.D.; Neziroglu, F; Wilhelm, S.; Mancusi, L.; Bohon, C. (2010). "What causes BDD: Research findings and a proposed model". Psychiatric Annals. 40 (7): 349–355. doi:10.3928/00485713-20100701-08. PMC 3859614. PMID 24347738.
Browne, Heidi A.; Gair, Shannon L.; Scharf, Jeremiah M.; Grice, Dorothy E. (2014-01-01). "Genetics of obsessive-Compulsive Disorder and Related Disorders". Psychiatric Clinics of North America. 37 (3): 319–335. doi:10.1016/j.psc.2014.06.002. PMC 4143777. PMID 25150565.
Veale D (2004). "Body dysmorphic disorder". British Medical Journal. 80 (940): 67–71. doi:10.1136/pmj.2003.015289. PMC 1742928. PMID 14970291.
Hartmann, A (2014). "A comparison of self-esteem and perfectionism in anorexia nervosa and body dysmorphic disorder". Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease. 202 (12): 883–888. doi:10.1097/nmd.0000000000000215. PMID 25390930. S2CID 43880482.
Didie E, Tortolani C, Pope C, Menard W, Fay C, Phillips K (2006). "Childhood abuse and neglect in body dysmorphic disorder". Child Abuse and Neglect. 30 (10): 1105–1115. doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2006.03.007. PMC 1633716. PMID 17005251.
Mohamed, BothinaE.S; Abdel Karim, NashwaA.H (2019). "Effect of selfie addiction on self-esteem, body image, and academic achievement among Faculty of Nursing students". Egyptian Nursing Journal. 16 (2): 80. doi:10.4103/ENJ.ENJ_5_19. ISSN 2090-6021.
Khanna, Anisha; Sharma, ManojKumar (2017). "Selfie use: The implications for psychopathology expression of body dysmorphic disorder". Industrial Psychiatry Journal. 26 (1): 106–109. doi:10.4103/ipj.ipj_58_17. PMC 5810159. PMID 29456333.
Posavac, Heidi D.; Posavac, Steven S.; Weigel, Richard G. (2001). "Reducing the Impact of Media Images on Women At Risk For Body Image Disturbance: Three Targeted Interventions". Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology. 20 (3): 324–340. doi:10.1521/jscp.20.3.324.22308.
Varnali, Kaan; Toker, Aysegul (7 February 2015). "Self-Disclosure on Social Networking Sites". Social Behavior and Personality. 43 (1): 1–13. doi:10.2224/sbp.2015.43.1.1.
Ryding, Francesca C.; Kuss, Daria J. (October 2020). "The use of social networking sites, body image dissatisfaction, and body dysmorphic disorder: A systematic review of psychological research" (PDF). Psychology of Popular Media. 9 (4): 412–435. doi:10.1037/ppm0000264. S2CID 213989742.
Ramphul, Kamleshun; Mejias, Stephanie G (3 March 2018). "Is 'Snapchat Dysmorphia' a Real Issue?". Cureus. 10 (3) e2263. doi:10.7759/cureus.2263. PMC 5933578. PMID 29732270.
Phillips, K. A. (September 1991). "Body dysmorphic disorder: the distress of imagined ugliness". American Journal of Psychiatry. 148 (9): 1138–1149. doi:10.1176/ajp.148.9.1138. PMID 1882990.
Scheper-Hughes, Nancy; Lock, Margaret M. (1987). "The Mindful Body: A Prolegomenon to Future Work in Medical Anthropology". Medical Anthropology Quarterly. 1 (1): 6–41. doi:10.1525/maq.1987.1.1.02a00020. JSTOR 648769.
Grau, Katharina; Fegert, Jörg Michael; Allroggen, Marc (January 2015). "Körperdysmorphe Störung" [Body dysmorphic disorder]. Zeitschrift für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie und Psychotherapie (in German). 43 (1): 29–37. doi:10.1024/1422-4917/a000330. PMID 25536894.
Mayville, Stephen; Katz, Roger C.; Gipson, Martin T.; Cabral, Keri (1 September 1999). "Assessing the Prevalence of Body Dysmorphic Disorder in an Ethnically Diverse Group of Adolescents". Journal of Child and Family Studies. 8 (3): 357–362. doi:10.1023/A:1022023514730. S2CID 67989365.
Altabe, Madeline N. (2001). "Issues in the assessment and treatment of body image disturbance in culturally diverse populations". Body image, eating disorders, and obesity: An integrative guide for assessment and treatment. pp. 129–147. doi:10.1037/10502-006. ISBN 1-55798-324-0.
Danylova, Tetiana (6 November 2020). "The Modern-Day Feminine Beauty Ideal, Mental Health, and Jungian Archetypes". Mental Health: Global Challenges Journal. 3 (1): 38–44. doi:10.32437/mhgcj.v3i1.99. S2CID 228817747.
Anderson, Judith L.; Crawford, Charles B.; Nadeau, Joanne; Lindberg, Tracy (May 1992). "Was the Duchess of windsor right? A cross-cultural review of the socioecology of ideals of female body shape". Ethology and Sociobiology. 13 (3): 197–227. doi:10.1016/0162-3095(92)90033-Z.
Odinga, Julia; Kasten, Erich (December 2020). "From the jungle to urban centers: body image and self-esteem of women in three different cultures". International Journal of Anthropology and Ethnology. 4 (1): 4. doi:10.1186/s41257-020-00030-5. S2CID 219748446.
Thomas, Martina; DeCaro, Jason A. (June 2018). "Body Image Models among Low-income African American Mothers and Daughters in the Southeast United States: Body Image Models among African American Females". Medical Anthropology Quarterly. 32 (2): 293–310. doi:10.1111/maq.12390. PMID 28556397.
Thompson, Becky Wangsgaard (1992). "'A Way Outa No Way': Eating Problems among African-American, Latina, and White Women". Gender and Society. 6 (4): 546–561. doi:10.1177/089124392006004002. JSTOR 189725. S2CID 145179769.
Hong, Julie; Hadeler, Edward; Mosca, Megan; Brownstone, Nicholas; Bhutani, Tina; Koo, John (25 October 2021). "Cultural and biological factors in body dysmorphic disorder in East Asia". Dermatology Online Journal. 27 (9). doi:10.5070/D327955133. PMID 34755975. S2CID 239981559.
Prazeres AM, Nascimento AL, Fontenelle LF (2013). "Cognitive-behavioral therapy for body dysmorphic disorder: A review of its efficacy". Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment. 9: 307–16. doi:10.2147/NDT.S41074. PMC 3589080. PMID 23467711.
Fang, Angela; Hofmann, Stefan G. (December 2010). "Relationship between social anxiety disorder and body dysmorphic disorder". Clinical Psychology Review. 30 (8): 1040–1048. doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2010.08.001. PMC 2952668. PMID 20817336.
Phillips, K. A; Castle, D. J (3 November 2001). "Body dysmorphic disorder in men". BMJ. 323 (7320): 1015–1016. doi:10.1136/bmj.323.7320.1015. PMC 1121529. PMID 11691744.
Grant, Jon E.; Kim, Suck Won; Crow, Scott J. (15 July 2001). "Prevalence and Clinical Features of Body Dysmorphic Disorder in Adolescent and Adult Psychiatric Inpatients". The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. 62 (7): 517–522. doi:10.4088/jcp.v62n07a03. PMID 11488361.
Fang, Angela; Matheny, Natalie L.; Wilhelm, Sabine (September 2014). "Body Dysmorphic Disorder". Psychiatric Clinics of North America. 37 (3): 287–300. doi:10.1016/j.psc.2014.05.003. PMID 25150563.
Fang, Angela; Hofmann, Stefan G. (December 2010). "Relationship between social anxiety disorder and body dysmorphic disorder". Clinical Psychology Review. 30 (8): 1040–1048. doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2010.08.001. ISSN 1873-7811. PMC 2952668. PMID 20817336.
Veale, David; Gledhill, Lucinda J.; Christodoulou, Polyxeni; Hodsoll, John (2016-09-01). "Body dysmorphic disorder in different settings: A systematic review and estimated weighted prevalence". Body Image. 18: 168–186. doi:10.1016/j.bodyim.2016.07.003. ISSN 1740-1445. PMID 27498379.
Harrison, Amy; Fernández de la Cruz, Lorena; Enander, Jesper; Radua, Joaquim; Mataix-Cols, David (August 2016). "Cognitive-behavioral therapy for body dysmorphic disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials". Clinical Psychology Review. 48: 43–51. doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2016.05.007. PMID 27393916. S2CID 19454310.
Ipser, Jonathan C; Sander, Candice; Stein, Dan J (21 January 2009). "Pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy for body dysmorphic disorder". Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2009 (1) CD005332. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD005332.pub2. PMC 7159283. PMID 19160252.
Wilhelm, Sabine; Phillips, Katharine A.; Fama, Jeanne M.; Greenberg, Jennifer L.; Steketee, Gail (December 2011). "Modular Cognitive–Behavioral Therapy for Body Dysmorphic Disorder". Behavior Therapy. 42 (4): 624–633. doi:10.1016/j.beth.2011.02.002. PMC 3320734. PMID 22035991.
Bowyer, Laura; Krebs, Georgina; Mataix-Cols, David; Veale, David; Monzani, Benedetta (December 2016). "A critical review of cosmetic treatment outcomes in body dysmorphic disorder". Body Image. 19: 1–8. doi:10.1016/j.bodyim.2016.07.001. PMID 27517118. S2CID 4553598.
Pope, Harrison G.; Gruber, Amanda J.; Choi, Precilla; Olivardia, Roberto; Phillips, Katharine A. (November 1997). "Muscle Dysmorphia: An Underrecognized Form of Body Dysmorphic Disorder". Psychosomatics. 38 (6): 548–557. doi:10.1016/S0033-3182(97)71400-2. PMID 9427852.

forbes.com (Global: 71^st place; English: 54^th place)

Haines, Anna. "From 'Instagram Face' To 'Snapchat Dysmorphia': How Beauty Filters Are Changing The Way We See Ourselves". Forbes. Retrieved 2022-11-01.

jstor.org (Global: 23^rd place; English: 15^th place)

Scheper-Hughes, Nancy; Lock, Margaret M. (1987). "The Mindful Body: A Prolegomenon to Future Work in Medical Anthropology". Medical Anthropology Quarterly. 1 (1): 6–41. doi:10.1525/maq.1987.1.1.02a00020. JSTOR 648769.
Thompson, Becky Wangsgaard (1992). "'A Way Outa No Way': Eating Problems among African-American, Latina, and White Women". Gender and Society. 6 (4): 546–561. doi:10.1177/089124392006004002. JSTOR 189725. S2CID 145179769.

kcl.ac.uk (Global: 2,770^th place; English: 1,514^th place)

kclpure.kcl.ac.uk

Harrison, Amy; Fernández de la Cruz, Lorena; Enander, Jesper; Radua, Joaquim; Mataix-Cols, David (August 2016). "Cognitive-behavioral therapy for body dysmorphic disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials". Clinical Psychology Review. 48: 43–51. doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2016.05.007. PMID 27393916. S2CID 19454310.
Bowyer, Laura; Krebs, Georgina; Mataix-Cols, David; Veale, David; Monzani, Benedetta (December 2016). "A critical review of cosmetic treatment outcomes in body dysmorphic disorder". Body Image. 19: 1–8. doi:10.1016/j.bodyim.2016.07.001. PMID 27517118. S2CID 4553598.

nbn-resolving.de (Global: 1,834^th place; English: 8,390^th place)

Hartmann, A (2014). "A comparison of self-esteem and perfectionism in anorexia nervosa and body dysmorphic disorder". Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease. 202 (12): 883–888. doi:10.1097/nmd.0000000000000215. PMID 25390930. S2CID 43880482.

nih.gov (Global: 5^th place; English: 5^th place)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Cororve, Michelle; Gleaves, David (August 2001). "Body dysmorphic disorder: A review of conceptualizations, assessment, and treatment strategies". Clinical Psychology Review. 21 (6): 949–970. doi:10.1016/s0272-7358(00)00075-1. PMID 11497214.
Bjornsson AS; Didie ER; Phillips KA (2010). "Body dysmorphic disorder". Dialogues Clin Neurosci. 12 (2): 221–32. doi:10.31887/DCNS.2010.12.2/abjornsson. PMC 3181960. PMID 20623926.
Pérez-Buenfil, Luis Ángel; Morales-Sánchez, Martha Alejandra (2025). "Prevalence of Body Dysmorphic Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis". Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology. 24 (4) e70121. doi:10.1111/jocd.70121. ISSN 1473-2165. PMC 11979448. PMID 40200598.
Amir Mufaddel; Ossama T Osman; Fadwa Almugaddam; Mohammad Jafferany (2013). "A review of body dysmorphic disorder and Its presentation in different clinical settings". Primary Care Companion for CNS Disorders. 15 (4). doi:10.4088/PCC.12r01464. PMC 3869603. PMID 24392251.
Buhlmann, Ulrike; Reese, Hannah E.; Renaud, Stefanie; Wilhelm, Sabine (March 2008). "Clinical considerations for the treatment of body dysmorphic disorder with cognitive-behavioral therapy". Body Image. 5 (1): 39–49. doi:10.1016/j.bodyim.2007.12.002. PMID 18313372.
Phillips, KA (February 2004). "Body dysmorphic disorder: recognizing and treating imagined ugliness". World Psychiatry. 3 (1): 12–7. PMC 1414653. PMID 16633443.
Carroll, Deirdre H.; Scahill, Larry; Phillips, Katharine A. (April 2002). "Current concepts in body dysmorphic disorder". Archives of Psychiatric Nursing. 16 (2): 72–79. doi:10.1053/apnu.2002.32109. PMID 11925574.
Fang, Angela; Hofmann Stefan G (Dec 2010). "Relationship between social anxiety disorder and body dysmorphic disorder". Clinical Psychology Review. 30 (8): 1040–1048. doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2010.08.001. PMC 2952668. PMID 20817336.
Toh, Wei Lin; Castle, David J.; Mountjoy, Rachel L.; Buchanan, Ben; Farhall, John; Rossell, Susan L. (2017-08-01). "Insight in body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) relative to obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and psychotic disorders: Revisiting this issue in light of DSM-5". Comprehensive Psychiatry. 77: 100–108. doi:10.1016/j.comppsych.2017.06.004. ISSN 0010-440X. PMID 28651226.
Addison, Mark; James, Anthony; Borschmann, Rohan; Costa, Marta; Jassi, Amita; Krebs, Georgina (2024-09-15). "Suicidal thoughts and behaviours in body dysmorphic disorder: Prevalence and correlates in a sample of mental health service users in the UK". Journal of Affective Disorders. 361: 515–521. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2024.05.145. ISSN 0165-0327. PMID 38821371.
Feusner, J.D.; Neziroglu, F; Wilhelm, S.; Mancusi, L.; Bohon, C. (2010). "What causes BDD: Research findings and a proposed model". Psychiatric Annals. 40 (7): 349–355. doi:10.3928/00485713-20100701-08. PMC 3859614. PMID 24347738.
Browne, Heidi A.; Gair, Shannon L.; Scharf, Jeremiah M.; Grice, Dorothy E. (2014-01-01). "Genetics of obsessive-Compulsive Disorder and Related Disorders". Psychiatric Clinics of North America. 37 (3): 319–335. doi:10.1016/j.psc.2014.06.002. PMC 4143777. PMID 25150565.
Veale D (2004). "Body dysmorphic disorder". British Medical Journal. 80 (940): 67–71. doi:10.1136/pmj.2003.015289. PMC 1742928. PMID 14970291.
Hartmann, A (2014). "A comparison of self-esteem and perfectionism in anorexia nervosa and body dysmorphic disorder". Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease. 202 (12): 883–888. doi:10.1097/nmd.0000000000000215. PMID 25390930. S2CID 43880482.
Didie E, Tortolani C, Pope C, Menard W, Fay C, Phillips K (2006). "Childhood abuse and neglect in body dysmorphic disorder". Child Abuse and Neglect. 30 (10): 1105–1115. doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2006.03.007. PMC 1633716. PMID 17005251.
Khanna, Anisha; Sharma, ManojKumar (2017). "Selfie use: The implications for psychopathology expression of body dysmorphic disorder". Industrial Psychiatry Journal. 26 (1): 106–109. doi:10.4103/ipj.ipj_58_17. PMC 5810159. PMID 29456333.
Ramphul, Kamleshun; Mejias, Stephanie G (3 March 2018). "Is 'Snapchat Dysmorphia' a Real Issue?". Cureus. 10 (3) e2263. doi:10.7759/cureus.2263. PMC 5933578. PMID 29732270.
Phillips, K. A. (September 1991). "Body dysmorphic disorder: the distress of imagined ugliness". American Journal of Psychiatry. 148 (9): 1138–1149. doi:10.1176/ajp.148.9.1138. PMID 1882990.
Grau, Katharina; Fegert, Jörg Michael; Allroggen, Marc (January 2015). "Körperdysmorphe Störung" [Body dysmorphic disorder]. Zeitschrift für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie und Psychotherapie (in German). 43 (1): 29–37. doi:10.1024/1422-4917/a000330. PMID 25536894.
Thomas, Martina; DeCaro, Jason A. (June 2018). "Body Image Models among Low-income African American Mothers and Daughters in the Southeast United States: Body Image Models among African American Females". Medical Anthropology Quarterly. 32 (2): 293–310. doi:10.1111/maq.12390. PMID 28556397.
Hong, Julie; Hadeler, Edward; Mosca, Megan; Brownstone, Nicholas; Bhutani, Tina; Koo, John (25 October 2021). "Cultural and biological factors in body dysmorphic disorder in East Asia". Dermatology Online Journal. 27 (9). doi:10.5070/D327955133. PMID 34755975. S2CID 239981559.
Prazeres AM, Nascimento AL, Fontenelle LF (2013). "Cognitive-behavioral therapy for body dysmorphic disorder: A review of its efficacy". Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment. 9: 307–16. doi:10.2147/NDT.S41074. PMC 3589080. PMID 23467711.
Fang, Angela; Hofmann, Stefan G. (December 2010). "Relationship between social anxiety disorder and body dysmorphic disorder". Clinical Psychology Review. 30 (8): 1040–1048. doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2010.08.001. PMC 2952668. PMID 20817336.
Phillips, K. A; Castle, D. J (3 November 2001). "Body dysmorphic disorder in men". BMJ. 323 (7320): 1015–1016. doi:10.1136/bmj.323.7320.1015. PMC 1121529. PMID 11691744.
Grant, Jon E.; Kim, Suck Won; Crow, Scott J. (15 July 2001). "Prevalence and Clinical Features of Body Dysmorphic Disorder in Adolescent and Adult Psychiatric Inpatients". The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. 62 (7): 517–522. doi:10.4088/jcp.v62n07a03. PMID 11488361.
Fang, Angela; Matheny, Natalie L.; Wilhelm, Sabine (September 2014). "Body Dysmorphic Disorder". Psychiatric Clinics of North America. 37 (3): 287–300. doi:10.1016/j.psc.2014.05.003. PMID 25150563.
Nicewicz, Holly R.; Torrico, Tyler J.; Boutrouille, Jacqueline F. (2025), "Body Dysmorphic Disorder", StatPearls, Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing, PMID 32310361, retrieved 2025-03-24
Fang, Angela; Hofmann, Stefan G. (December 2010). "Relationship between social anxiety disorder and body dysmorphic disorder". Clinical Psychology Review. 30 (8): 1040–1048. doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2010.08.001. ISSN 1873-7811. PMC 2952668. PMID 20817336.
Veale, David; Gledhill, Lucinda J.; Christodoulou, Polyxeni; Hodsoll, John (2016-09-01). "Body dysmorphic disorder in different settings: A systematic review and estimated weighted prevalence". Body Image. 18: 168–186. doi:10.1016/j.bodyim.2016.07.003. ISSN 1740-1445. PMID 27498379.
Harrison, Amy; Fernández de la Cruz, Lorena; Enander, Jesper; Radua, Joaquim; Mataix-Cols, David (August 2016). "Cognitive-behavioral therapy for body dysmorphic disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials". Clinical Psychology Review. 48: 43–51. doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2016.05.007. PMID 27393916. S2CID 19454310.
Ipser, Jonathan C; Sander, Candice; Stein, Dan J (21 January 2009). "Pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy for body dysmorphic disorder". Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2009 (1) CD005332. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD005332.pub2. PMC 7159283. PMID 19160252.
Wilhelm, Sabine; Phillips, Katharine A.; Fama, Jeanne M.; Greenberg, Jennifer L.; Steketee, Gail (December 2011). "Modular Cognitive–Behavioral Therapy for Body Dysmorphic Disorder". Behavior Therapy. 42 (4): 624–633. doi:10.1016/j.beth.2011.02.002. PMC 3320734. PMID 22035991.
Bowyer, Laura; Krebs, Georgina; Mataix-Cols, David; Veale, David; Monzani, Benedetta (December 2016). "A critical review of cosmetic treatment outcomes in body dysmorphic disorder". Body Image. 19: 1–8. doi:10.1016/j.bodyim.2016.07.001. PMID 27517118. S2CID 4553598.
Hunt TJ; Thienhaus O; Ellwood A (July 2008). "The mirror lies: Body dysmorphic disorder". American Family Physician. 78 (2): 217–22. PMID 18697504.
Pope, Harrison G.; Gruber, Amanda J.; Choi, Precilla; Olivardia, Roberto; Phillips, Katharine A. (November 1997). "Muscle Dysmorphia: An Underrecognized Form of Body Dysmorphic Disorder". Psychosomatics. 38 (6): 548–557. doi:10.1016/S0033-3182(97)71400-2. PMID 9427852.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Bjornsson AS; Didie ER; Phillips KA (2010). "Body dysmorphic disorder". Dialogues Clin Neurosci. 12 (2): 221–32. doi:10.31887/DCNS.2010.12.2/abjornsson. PMC 3181960. PMID 20623926.
Pérez-Buenfil, Luis Ángel; Morales-Sánchez, Martha Alejandra (2025). "Prevalence of Body Dysmorphic Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis". Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology. 24 (4) e70121. doi:10.1111/jocd.70121. ISSN 1473-2165. PMC 11979448. PMID 40200598.
Amir Mufaddel; Ossama T Osman; Fadwa Almugaddam; Mohammad Jafferany (2013). "A review of body dysmorphic disorder and Its presentation in different clinical settings". Primary Care Companion for CNS Disorders. 15 (4). doi:10.4088/PCC.12r01464. PMC 3869603. PMID 24392251.
Phillips, KA (February 2004). "Body dysmorphic disorder: recognizing and treating imagined ugliness". World Psychiatry. 3 (1): 12–7. PMC 1414653. PMID 16633443.
Fang, Angela; Hofmann Stefan G (Dec 2010). "Relationship between social anxiety disorder and body dysmorphic disorder". Clinical Psychology Review. 30 (8): 1040–1048. doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2010.08.001. PMC 2952668. PMID 20817336.
Feusner, J.D.; Neziroglu, F; Wilhelm, S.; Mancusi, L.; Bohon, C. (2010). "What causes BDD: Research findings and a proposed model". Psychiatric Annals. 40 (7): 349–355. doi:10.3928/00485713-20100701-08. PMC 3859614. PMID 24347738.
Browne, Heidi A.; Gair, Shannon L.; Scharf, Jeremiah M.; Grice, Dorothy E. (2014-01-01). "Genetics of obsessive-Compulsive Disorder and Related Disorders". Psychiatric Clinics of North America. 37 (3): 319–335. doi:10.1016/j.psc.2014.06.002. PMC 4143777. PMID 25150565.
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Body dysmorphic disorder (English Wikipedia)

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