Body language (English Wikipedia)

Hertenstein, Matthew J.; Keltner, Dacher; App, Betsy; Bulleit, Brittany A.; Jaskolka, Ariane R. (2006). "Touch Communicates Distinct Emotions" (PDF). Emotion. 6 (3): 528–533. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.421.2391. doi:10.1037/1528-3542.6.3.528. PMID 16938094. {{cite journal}}: Cite uses deprecated parameter |citeseerx= (help)

faculty.haas.berkeley.edu

Carney, Dana R. (nd). "My position on "Power Poses"" (PDF). Retrieved 23 March 2021.

berlitz.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Body language in different cultures around the world: A top guide". Berlitz. Retrieved 2025-10-06.

body-language-dictionary.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Onsager, Mark. "Understanding the Importance of Non-Verbal Communication", Body Language Dictionary Archived 2017-05-06 at the Wayback Machine, New York, 19 May 2014. Retrieved on 26 October 2014.

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; English: 3^rd place)

Sullivan, Larry E. (31 August 2009). The Sage Glossary of the Social and Behavioral Sciences (illustrated ed.). Sqge Publications. p. 577. ISBN 978-1-4129-5143-2.

butler.edu (Global: low place; English: low place)

news.butler.edu

"Butler Newsroom | 9 Wordless Ways Someone Says, "I Love You"". news.butler.edu. Retrieved 2024-02-20.

communicationtheory.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

General, in Communication /; Communication, Interpersonal (2018-11-15). "Haptic Communication". Communication Theory. Retrieved 2025-10-06.

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

doi.org

Prieur, Jacques; Barbu, Stéphanie; Blois-Heulin, Catherine; Lemasson, Alban (2020). "The origins of gestures and language: history, current advances and proposed theories". Biological Reviews. 95 (3): 531–554. doi:10.1111/brv.12576. ISSN 1469-185X. PMID 31854102.
Arbib, Michael A.; Liebal, Katja; Pika, Simone (December 2008). "Primate Vocalization, Gesture, and the Evolution of Human Language". Current Anthropology. 49 (6): 1053–1076. doi:10.1086/593015. ISSN 0011-3204. PMID 19391445.
Gillespie-Lynch, Kristen; Greenfield, Patricia M.; Lyn, Heidi; Savage-Rumbaugh, Sue (2014). "Gestural and symbolic development among apes and humans: support for a multimodal theory of language evolution". Frontiers in Psychology. 5: 1228. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2014.01228. ISSN 1664-1078. PMC 4214247. PMID 25400607.
Kret, Mariska E. (2018-07-04). "The role of pupil size in communication. Is there room for learning?". Cognition and Emotion. 32 (5): 1139–1145. doi:10.1080/02699931.2017.1370417. hdl:1887/70328. ISSN 0269-9931. PMID 28857664.
Quesque, François; Behrens, Friederike; Kret, Mariska E. (2019-09-01). "Pupils say more than a thousand words: Pupil size reflects how observed actions are interpreted". Cognition. 190: 93–98. doi:10.1016/j.cognition.2019.04.016. hdl:1887/73632. ISSN 0010-0277. PMID 31034971.
Gu, Yuanyuan; Mai, Xiaoqin; Luo, Yue-jia; Di Russo, Francesco (23 July 2013). "Do Bodily Expressions Compete with Facial Expressions? Time Course of Integration of Emotional Signals from the Face and the Body". PLOS ONE. 8 (7) e66762. Bibcode:2013PLoSO...866762G. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0066762. PMC 3720771. PMID 23935825.
Kret, ME; Pichon, S; Grezes, J; de Gelder, B (Jan 15, 2011). "Similarities and differences in perceiving threat from dynamic faces and bodies. An fMRI study" (PDF). NeuroImage. 54 (2): 1755–1762. doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.08.012. PMID 20723605. S2CID 533689.
Mignault, Alain & Chaudhuri, Avi (2003). "The many faces of a neutral face: Head tilt and perception of dominance and emotion". Journal of Nonverbal Behavior. 27 (2): 111–132. doi:10.1023/A:1023914509763. S2CID 73547442.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Mignault, Alain & Chaudhuri, Avi (2003). "The many faces of a neutral face: Head tilt and perception of dominance and emotion". Journal of Nonverbal Behavior. 27 (2): 128. doi:10.1023/A:1023914509763. S2CID 73547442.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Mignault, Alain; Chaudhuri, Avi (2003). "The many faces of a neutral face: Head tilt and perception of dominance and emotion". Journal of Nonverbal Behavior. 27 (2): 111–132. doi:10.1023/A:1023914509763. S2CID 73547442.
Mignault, Alain & Chaudhuri, Avi (2003). "The many faces of a neutral face: Head tilt and perception of dominance and emotion". Journal of Nonverbal Behavior. 27 (2): 111–132. doi:10.1023/A:1023914509763. S2CID 73547442.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Mondloch, Catherine J.; Nelson, Nicole L.; Horner, Matthew; Pavlova, Marina (10 September 2013). "Asymmetries of Influence: Differential Effects of Body Postures on Perceptions of Emotional Facial Expressions". PLOS ONE. 8 (9) e73605. Bibcode:2013PLoSO...873605M. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0073605. PMC 3769306. PMID 24039996.
Scheflen, A. E. (1964). The Significance of Posture in Communication Systems†. Psychiatry, 27(4), 316–331. https://doi.org/10.1080/00332747.1964.11023403
Wikan, Unni (1987). "Public Grace and Private Fears: Gaiety, Offense, and Sorcery in Northern Bali". Ethos. 15 (4): 337–365. doi:10.1525/eth.1987.15.4.02a00010. ISSN 0091-2131. JSTOR 640343.
Öhrling, Charlotta; Benkel, Inger; Molander, Ulla; Sernbo, Elisabeth; Olsson, Anna; Nyblom, Stina (2024). ""They must have seen it, you know." Body talk, extension talk, and action talk: A qualitative study on how palliative care patients and their significant others express experiencing these nonverbal cues". PLOS ONE. 19 (4) e0299112. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0299112. PMC 11023301. PMID 38630695. From early on, we have an urge to communicate with gestures and continue using, for example, eye contact, mimicking, physical appearance, body movements, or tone of voice in our interaction with others.
Black, Roxie M. (2011). "Cultural Considerations of Hand Use". Journal of Hand Therapy. 24 (2): 104–11. doi:10.1016/j.jht.2010.09.067. PMID 21109395.
Hinzman, Lindsay; Kelly, Spencer D. (2013-01-01). "Effects of emotional body language on rapid out-group judgments". Journal of Experimental Social Psychology. 49 (1): 152–155. doi:10.1016/j.jesp.2012.07.010. ISSN 0022-1031.
Kirch, Max S. (1979). "Non-Verbal Communication across Cultures". The Modern Language Journal. 63 (8): 416–423. doi:10.2307/326027. ISSN 0026-7902. JSTOR 326027.
HALL, P. & SPENCER HALL, D. (1983). The handshake as interaction. Semiotica, 45(3-4), 249-264. https://doi.org/10.1515/semi.1983.45.3-4.249
Bernieri, F. J., & Petty, K. N. (2011). The influence of handshakes on first impression accuracy. Social Influence, 6(2), 78–87. https://doi.org/10.1080/15534510.2011.566706
Ashhad, Sufyan; Kam, Kaiwen; Del Negro, Christopher A.; Feldman, Jack L. (2022-07-08). "Breathing Rhythm and Pattern and Their Influence on Emotion". Annual Review of Neuroscience. 45: 223–247. doi:10.1146/annurev-neuro-090121-014424. ISSN 1545-4126. PMC 9840384. PMID 35259917.
Wlodarczak, Marcin; Heldner, Mattias (2020-10-14). "Breathing in Conversation". Frontiers in Psychology. 11 575566. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.575566. ISSN 1664-1078. PMC 7591594. PMID 33162915.
Johannes, Michalak; Troje, Nikolaus; Fischer, Julia; Vollmar, Patrick (June 2009). "Embodiment of Sadness and Depression- Gait Patterns Associated With Dysphoric Mood". Psychosomatic Medicine. 71 (5): 580–7. doi:10.1097/PSY.0b013e3181a2515c. PMID 19414617.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Gross M.; Crane, Elizabeth A.; Frederickson, Barbara L. (2012). "Effort-Shape and kinematic assessment of bodily expression of emotion during gait". Human Movement Science (31): 214. doi:10.1016/j.humov.2011.05.001.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Gross M.; Crane, Elizabeth A.; Frederickson, Barbara L. (2012). "Effort-Shape and kinematic assessment of bodily expression of emotion during gait". Human Movement Science (31): 214. doi:10.1016/j.humov.2011.05.001.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Cruz, William (2001). "Differences In Nonverbal Communication Styles between Cultures: The Latino-Anglo Perspective". Leadership and Management in Engineering. 1 (4): 51–53. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)1532-6748(2001)1:4(51). ISSN 1532-6748. Retrieved 14 October 2014.
Hertenstein, Matthew J.; Keltner, Dacher; App, Betsy; Bulleit, Brittany A.; Jaskolka, Ariane R. (2006). "Touch Communicates Distinct Emotions" (PDF). Emotion. 6 (3): 528–533. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.421.2391. doi:10.1037/1528-3542.6.3.528. PMID 16938094. {{cite journal}}: Cite uses deprecated parameter |citeseerx= (help)
Jones, Stanley E. & A. Elaine Yarbrough; Yarbrough, A. Elaine (1985). "A naturalistic study of the meanings of touch". Communication Monographs. 52 (1): 19–56. doi:10.1080/03637758509376094.
Hall, Edward T. (1968). "Proxemics" (PDF). Current Anthropology. 9 (2/3): 83–108. doi:10.1086/200975. JSTOR 2740724. S2CID 147398417. Retrieved 14 October 2014.
Guyer, Joshua J.; Briñol, Pablo; Vaughan-Johnston, Thomas I.; Fabrigar, Leandre R.; Moreno, Lorena; Petty, Richard E. (2021). "Paralinguistic Features Communicated through Voice can Affect Appraisals of Confidence and Evaluative Judgments". Journal of Nonverbal Behavior. 45 (4): 479–504. doi:10.1007/s10919-021-00374-2. ISSN 0191-5886. PMC 8553728. PMID 34744233.
Kee, Janine W. Y.; Khoo, Hwee Sing; Lim, Issac; Koh, Mervyn Y. H. (2018-06-01). "Communication Skills in Patient-Doctor Interactions: Learning from Patient Complaints". Health Professions Education. 4 (2): 97–106. doi:10.1016/j.hpe.2017.03.006. ISSN 2452-3011.
Burgoon, Judee K.; Wang, Xinran; Chen, Xunyu; Pentland, Steven J.; Dunbar, Norah E. (2021). "Nonverbal Behaviors "Speak" Relational Messages of Dominance, Trust, and Composure". Frontiers in Psychology. 12 624177. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.624177. ISSN 1664-1078. PMC 7870468. PMID 33574790.
Soto, Jose Angel; Levenson, Robert W. (2009). "Emotion recognition across cultures: The influence of ethnicity on empathic accuracy and physiological linkage". Emotion. 9 (6): 874–884. doi:10.1037/a0017399. PMC 2877627. PMID 20001130.
Tracy, Jessica L.; Robins, Richard W. (2008). "The nonverbal expression of pride: Evidence for cross-cultural recognition" (PDF). Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 94 (3): 516–530. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.94.3.516. PMID 18284295.
O'Toole, Alice J.; Peterson, Jennifer; Deffenbacher, Kenneth A. (1996). "An "other-race effect" for categorizing faces by sex". Perception. 25 (6): 669–676. doi:10.1068/p250669. PMID 8888300. S2CID 7191979.
Marsh, A.A.; Elfenbein, H.A.; Ambady, N. (2003). "Nonverbal "accents": Cultural differences in facial expressions of emotion". Psychological Science. 14 (4): 373–376. doi:10.1111/1467-9280.24461. PMID 12807413. S2CID 61782.
Russell, James A. (1994). "Is There Universal Recognition of Emotion From Facial Expression? A Review of the Cross-Cultural Studies" (PDF). Psychological Bulletin. 115 (1): 102–141. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.115.1.102. PMID 8202574. S2CID 4823006. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 2014-10-13.
Kellerman, Susan (1992). "I see what you mean: The role of kinesic behaviour in listening and the implications for foreign and second language learning". Applied Linguistics. 13 (3): 239–258. doi:10.1093/applin/13.3.239.
Pennycook, Alastair (1985). "Actions speak louder than words: Paralanguage, communication, and education". TESOL Quarterly. 19 (2): 259–282. doi:10.2307/3586829. JSTOR 3586829.
Tai, Yuanyuan (2014). "The Application of Body Language in English Teaching". Journal of Language Teaching and Research. 5 (5): 1205–1209. doi:10.4304/jltr.5.5.1205-1209.
Danesi, M (2006). "Kinesics". Encyclopedia of Language & Linguistics. pp. 207–213. doi:10.1016/B0-08-044854-2/01421-8. ISBN 978-0-08-044854-1.
Furley, Philip (2023-12-31). "The nature and culture of nonverbal behavior in sports: theory, methodology, and a review of the literature". International Review of Sport and Exercise Psychology. 16: 448–473. doi:10.1080/1750984x.2021.1894594. ISSN 1750-984X.

dx.doi.org

Schroeder, Juliana and Risen, Jane and Gino, Francesca and Norton, Michael I., Handshaking Promotes Cooperative Dealmaking (May 30, 2014). Harvard Business School NOM Unit Working Paper No. 14-117, Harvard Business School Marketing Unit Working Paper No. 14-117, Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2443674 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2443674

ekmaninternational.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Ekman, Paul (1971). "Universals and cultural differences in facial expression of emotion" (PDF). Nebraska Symposium on Motivation. 19: 207–283. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2014-04-11. Retrieved 2014-10-13.

georgiasouthern.edu (Global: low place; English: low place)

digitalcommons.georgiasouthern.edu

Puckett, Adam (2020). "Body Language and Sales". georgiasouthern.edu.

haverford.edu (Global: low place; English: low place)

"The significance of Body Language" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 1 April 2010. Retrieved 14 October 2014.

hdl.handle.net (Global: 66^th place; English: 34^th place)

Kret, Mariska E. (2018-07-04). "The role of pupil size in communication. Is there room for learning?". Cognition and Emotion. 32 (5): 1139–1145. doi:10.1080/02699931.2017.1370417. hdl:1887/70328. ISSN 0269-9931. PMID 28857664.
Quesque, François; Behrens, Friederike; Kret, Mariska E. (2019-09-01). "Pupils say more than a thousand words: Pupil size reflects how observed actions are interpreted". Cognition. 190: 93–98. doi:10.1016/j.cognition.2019.04.016. hdl:1887/73632. ISSN 0010-0277. PMID 31034971.

illinois.edu (Global: 1,178^th place; English: 745^th place)

beckman.illinois.edu

Ramadas, Nidhin. "Handshake". Beckman Institute. Retrieved 13 September 2016.

inc.com (Global: 2,680^th place; English: 1,491^st place)

Haden, Jeff (5 December 2013). "8 Powerful Ways to Improve Your Body Language". Inc.com. Retrieved 29 December 2019.

jstor.org (Global: 23^rd place; English: 15^th place)

Wikan, Unni (1987). "Public Grace and Private Fears: Gaiety, Offense, and Sorcery in Northern Bali". Ethos. 15 (4): 337–365. doi:10.1525/eth.1987.15.4.02a00010. ISSN 0091-2131. JSTOR 640343.
Kirch, Max S. (1979). "Non-Verbal Communication across Cultures". The Modern Language Journal. 63 (8): 416–423. doi:10.2307/326027. ISSN 0026-7902. JSTOR 326027.
Hall, Edward T. (1968). "Proxemics" (PDF). Current Anthropology. 9 (2/3): 83–108. doi:10.1086/200975. JSTOR 2740724. S2CID 147398417. Retrieved 14 October 2014.
Pennycook, Alastair (1985). "Actions speak louder than words: Paralanguage, communication, and education". TESOL Quarterly. 19 (2): 259–282. doi:10.2307/3586829. JSTOR 3586829.

kaaj.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Mehrabian, Albert (2009). "'Silent Messages' – A Wealth of Information About Nonverbal Communication (Body Language)". Personality & Emotion Tests & Software: Psychological Books & Articles of Popular Interest. Los Angeles: self-published. Retrieved October 23, 2018.

mendeley.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Cruz, William (2001). "Differences In Nonverbal Communication Styles between Cultures: The Latino-Anglo Perspective". Leadership and Management in Engineering. 1 (4): 51–53. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)1532-6748(2001)1:4(51). ISSN 1532-6748. Retrieved 14 October 2014.

nbu.bg (Global: low place; English: low place)

e-edu.nbu.bg

Hall, Edward T. (1968). "Proxemics" (PDF). Current Anthropology. 9 (2/3): 83–108. doi:10.1086/200975. JSTOR 2740724. S2CID 147398417. Retrieved 14 October 2014.

nih.gov (Global: 5^th place; English: 5^th place)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Prieur, Jacques; Barbu, Stéphanie; Blois-Heulin, Catherine; Lemasson, Alban (2020). "The origins of gestures and language: history, current advances and proposed theories". Biological Reviews. 95 (3): 531–554. doi:10.1111/brv.12576. ISSN 1469-185X. PMID 31854102.
Arbib, Michael A.; Liebal, Katja; Pika, Simone (December 2008). "Primate Vocalization, Gesture, and the Evolution of Human Language". Current Anthropology. 49 (6): 1053–1076. doi:10.1086/593015. ISSN 0011-3204. PMID 19391445.
Gillespie-Lynch, Kristen; Greenfield, Patricia M.; Lyn, Heidi; Savage-Rumbaugh, Sue (2014). "Gestural and symbolic development among apes and humans: support for a multimodal theory of language evolution". Frontiers in Psychology. 5: 1228. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2014.01228. ISSN 1664-1078. PMC 4214247. PMID 25400607.
Kret, Mariska E. (2018-07-04). "The role of pupil size in communication. Is there room for learning?". Cognition and Emotion. 32 (5): 1139–1145. doi:10.1080/02699931.2017.1370417. hdl:1887/70328. ISSN 0269-9931. PMID 28857664.
Quesque, François; Behrens, Friederike; Kret, Mariska E. (2019-09-01). "Pupils say more than a thousand words: Pupil size reflects how observed actions are interpreted". Cognition. 190: 93–98. doi:10.1016/j.cognition.2019.04.016. hdl:1887/73632. ISSN 0010-0277. PMID 31034971.
Gu, Yuanyuan; Mai, Xiaoqin; Luo, Yue-jia; Di Russo, Francesco (23 July 2013). "Do Bodily Expressions Compete with Facial Expressions? Time Course of Integration of Emotional Signals from the Face and the Body". PLOS ONE. 8 (7) e66762. Bibcode:2013PLoSO...866762G. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0066762. PMC 3720771. PMID 23935825.
Kret, ME; Pichon, S; Grezes, J; de Gelder, B (Jan 15, 2011). "Similarities and differences in perceiving threat from dynamic faces and bodies. An fMRI study" (PDF). NeuroImage. 54 (2): 1755–1762. doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.08.012. PMID 20723605. S2CID 533689.
Mondloch, Catherine J.; Nelson, Nicole L.; Horner, Matthew; Pavlova, Marina (10 September 2013). "Asymmetries of Influence: Differential Effects of Body Postures on Perceptions of Emotional Facial Expressions". PLOS ONE. 8 (9) e73605. Bibcode:2013PLoSO...873605M. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0073605. PMC 3769306. PMID 24039996.
Öhrling, Charlotta; Benkel, Inger; Molander, Ulla; Sernbo, Elisabeth; Olsson, Anna; Nyblom, Stina (2024). ""They must have seen it, you know." Body talk, extension talk, and action talk: A qualitative study on how palliative care patients and their significant others express experiencing these nonverbal cues". PLOS ONE. 19 (4) e0299112. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0299112. PMC 11023301. PMID 38630695. From early on, we have an urge to communicate with gestures and continue using, for example, eye contact, mimicking, physical appearance, body movements, or tone of voice in our interaction with others.
Black, Roxie M. (2011). "Cultural Considerations of Hand Use". Journal of Hand Therapy. 24 (2): 104–11. doi:10.1016/j.jht.2010.09.067. PMID 21109395.
Ashhad, Sufyan; Kam, Kaiwen; Del Negro, Christopher A.; Feldman, Jack L. (2022-07-08). "Breathing Rhythm and Pattern and Their Influence on Emotion". Annual Review of Neuroscience. 45: 223–247. doi:10.1146/annurev-neuro-090121-014424. ISSN 1545-4126. PMC 9840384. PMID 35259917.
Wlodarczak, Marcin; Heldner, Mattias (2020-10-14). "Breathing in Conversation". Frontiers in Psychology. 11 575566. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.575566. ISSN 1664-1078. PMC 7591594. PMID 33162915.
Johannes, Michalak; Troje, Nikolaus; Fischer, Julia; Vollmar, Patrick (June 2009). "Embodiment of Sadness and Depression- Gait Patterns Associated With Dysphoric Mood". Psychosomatic Medicine. 71 (5): 580–7. doi:10.1097/PSY.0b013e3181a2515c. PMID 19414617.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Hertenstein, Matthew J.; Keltner, Dacher; App, Betsy; Bulleit, Brittany A.; Jaskolka, Ariane R. (2006). "Touch Communicates Distinct Emotions" (PDF). Emotion. 6 (3): 528–533. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.421.2391. doi:10.1037/1528-3542.6.3.528. PMID 16938094. {{cite journal}}: Cite uses deprecated parameter |citeseerx= (help)
Guyer, Joshua J.; Briñol, Pablo; Vaughan-Johnston, Thomas I.; Fabrigar, Leandre R.; Moreno, Lorena; Petty, Richard E. (2021). "Paralinguistic Features Communicated through Voice can Affect Appraisals of Confidence and Evaluative Judgments". Journal of Nonverbal Behavior. 45 (4): 479–504. doi:10.1007/s10919-021-00374-2. ISSN 0191-5886. PMC 8553728. PMID 34744233.
Burgoon, Judee K.; Wang, Xinran; Chen, Xunyu; Pentland, Steven J.; Dunbar, Norah E. (2021). "Nonverbal Behaviors "Speak" Relational Messages of Dominance, Trust, and Composure". Frontiers in Psychology. 12 624177. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.624177. ISSN 1664-1078. PMC 7870468. PMID 33574790.
Soto, Jose Angel; Levenson, Robert W. (2009). "Emotion recognition across cultures: The influence of ethnicity on empathic accuracy and physiological linkage". Emotion. 9 (6): 874–884. doi:10.1037/a0017399. PMC 2877627. PMID 20001130.
Tracy, Jessica L.; Robins, Richard W. (2008). "The nonverbal expression of pride: Evidence for cross-cultural recognition" (PDF). Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 94 (3): 516–530. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.94.3.516. PMID 18284295.
O'Toole, Alice J.; Peterson, Jennifer; Deffenbacher, Kenneth A. (1996). "An "other-race effect" for categorizing faces by sex". Perception. 25 (6): 669–676. doi:10.1068/p250669. PMID 8888300. S2CID 7191979.
Marsh, A.A.; Elfenbein, H.A.; Ambady, N. (2003). "Nonverbal "accents": Cultural differences in facial expressions of emotion". Psychological Science. 14 (4): 373–376. doi:10.1111/1467-9280.24461. PMID 12807413. S2CID 61782.
Russell, James A. (1994). "Is There Universal Recognition of Emotion From Facial Expression? A Review of the Cross-Cultural Studies" (PDF). Psychological Bulletin. 115 (1): 102–141. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.115.1.102. PMID 8202574. S2CID 4823006. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 2014-10-13.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Gillespie-Lynch, Kristen; Greenfield, Patricia M.; Lyn, Heidi; Savage-Rumbaugh, Sue (2014). "Gestural and symbolic development among apes and humans: support for a multimodal theory of language evolution". Frontiers in Psychology. 5: 1228. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2014.01228. ISSN 1664-1078. PMC 4214247. PMID 25400607.
Gu, Yuanyuan; Mai, Xiaoqin; Luo, Yue-jia; Di Russo, Francesco (23 July 2013). "Do Bodily Expressions Compete with Facial Expressions? Time Course of Integration of Emotional Signals from the Face and the Body". PLOS ONE. 8 (7) e66762. Bibcode:2013PLoSO...866762G. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0066762. PMC 3720771. PMID 23935825.
Mondloch, Catherine J.; Nelson, Nicole L.; Horner, Matthew; Pavlova, Marina (10 September 2013). "Asymmetries of Influence: Differential Effects of Body Postures on Perceptions of Emotional Facial Expressions". PLOS ONE. 8 (9) e73605. Bibcode:2013PLoSO...873605M. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0073605. PMC 3769306. PMID 24039996.
Öhrling, Charlotta; Benkel, Inger; Molander, Ulla; Sernbo, Elisabeth; Olsson, Anna; Nyblom, Stina (2024). ""They must have seen it, you know." Body talk, extension talk, and action talk: A qualitative study on how palliative care patients and their significant others express experiencing these nonverbal cues". PLOS ONE. 19 (4) e0299112. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0299112. PMC 11023301. PMID 38630695. From early on, we have an urge to communicate with gestures and continue using, for example, eye contact, mimicking, physical appearance, body movements, or tone of voice in our interaction with others.
Ashhad, Sufyan; Kam, Kaiwen; Del Negro, Christopher A.; Feldman, Jack L. (2022-07-08). "Breathing Rhythm and Pattern and Their Influence on Emotion". Annual Review of Neuroscience. 45: 223–247. doi:10.1146/annurev-neuro-090121-014424. ISSN 1545-4126. PMC 9840384. PMID 35259917.
Wlodarczak, Marcin; Heldner, Mattias (2020-10-14). "Breathing in Conversation". Frontiers in Psychology. 11 575566. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.575566. ISSN 1664-1078. PMC 7591594. PMID 33162915.
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Body language (English Wikipedia)

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