Body mass index (English Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Body mass index" in English language version.

Last modified: 15:08:37, 17 October 2026 (UTC)

Ref.Un. Ref.Website

Global rank English rank

6960nih.gov

5^th place

4340doi.org

2^nd place

3023web.archive.org

1^st place

76adsabs.harvard.edu

14^th place

9^th place

54cdc.gov

251^st place

248^th place

42nhs.uk

2,637^th place

2,254^th place

42who.int

213^th place

314^th place

32ghostarchive.org

64^th place

28^th place

22medicalnewstoday.com

3,865^th place

3,829^th place

21cnn.com

36^th place

26^th place

21worldcat.org

4^th place

11bbc.co.uk

11^th place

10^th place

11slate.com

409^th place

260^th place

11official-documents.co.uk

low place

11proquest.com

121^st place

59^th place

11fitnessofbody.com

low place

11mhlw.go.jp

1,922^nd place

low place

11cardiology.com.sg

low place

11hdl.handle.net

66^th place

34^th place

11time.com

84^th place

63^rd place

11go.com

97^th place

79^th place

11jstor.org

23^rd place

15^th place

11infobloom.com

low place

11nytimes.com

7^th place

11livescience.com

1,726^th place

1,417^th place

11endocrine-abstracts.org

low place

11ox.ac.uk

541^st place

356^th place

11hsph.harvard.edu

9,638^th place

7,064^th place

11hospimedica.com

low place

11realclearscience.com

low place

adsabs.harvard.edu (Global: 14^th place; English: 9^th place)

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Flegal KM, Kruszon-Moran D, Carroll MD, Fryar CD, Ogden CL (June 2016). "Trends in Obesity Among Adults in the United States, 2005 to 2014". JAMA. 315 (21): 2284–2291. Bibcode:2016JAMA..315.2284F. doi:10.1001/jama.2016.6458. PMC 11197437. PMID 27272580.
Dons E, Rojas-Rueda D, Anaya-Boig E, Avila-Palencia I, Brand C, Cole-Hunter T, et al. (October 2018). "Transport mode choice and body mass index: Cross-sectional and longitudinal evidence from a European-wide study". Environment International. 119 (119): 109–116. Bibcode:2018EnInt.119..109D. doi:10.1016/j.envint.2018.06.023. hdl:10044/1/61061. PMID 29957352.
Flegal KM, Graubard BI, Williamson DF, Gail MH (April 2005). "Excess deaths associated with underweight, overweight, and obesity". JAMA. 293 (15): 1861–1867. Bibcode:2005JAMA..293.1861F. doi:10.1001/jama.293.15.1861. PMID 15840860.
Whitlock G, Lewington S, Sherliker P, Clarke R, Emberson J, Halsey J, et al. (March 2009). "Body-mass index and cause-specific mortality in 900 000 adults: collaborative analyses of 57 prospective studies". Lancet. 373 (9669): 1083–1096. Bibcode:2009Lanc..373.1083P. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(09)60318-4. PMC 2662372. PMID 19299006.
Diverse Populations Collaborative Group (September 2005). "Weight-height relationships and body mass index: some observations from the Diverse Populations Collaboration". American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 128 (1): 220–229. Bibcode:2005AJPA..128..220.. doi:10.1002/ajpa.20107. PMID 15761809.
Rahman SA, Adjeroh D (2015). "Surface-Based Body Shape Index and Its Relationship with All-Cause Mortality". PLOS ONE. 10 (12) e0144639. Bibcode:2015PLoSO..1044639R. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0144639. PMC 4692532. PMID 26709925.

bbc.co.uk (Global: 11^th place; English: 10^th place)

news.bbc.co.uk

For example, in the UK where people often know their weight in stone and height in feet and inches – see "Calculate your body mass index". 30 August 2006. Retrieved 2019-12-11.

cardiology.com.sg (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Body Mass Index (BMI)". Peter Yan Cardiology Clinic. Retrieved 8 July 2021.

cdc.gov (Global: 251^st place; English: 248^th place)

"About Adult BMI | Healthy Weight". CDC. 2017-08-29. Retrieved 2018-01-26.
"Body Mass Index: BMI for Children and Teens". Center for Disease Control. Archived from the original on 2013-10-29. Retrieved 2013-12-16.
"Selected health conditions and risk factors, by age: the United States, selected years" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2022-10-09.
"Anthropometric Reference Data for Children and Adults: United States" (PDF). CDC DHHS. 2016. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2017-02-02.

cnn.com (Global: 36^th place; English: 26^th place)

"Who's fat? New definition adopted". CNN. June 17, 1998. Archived from the original on November 22, 2010. Retrieved 2010-04-26.

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

Di Angelantonio E, Bhupathiraju S, Wormser D, Gao P, Kaptoge S, Berrington de Gonzalez A, et al. (August 2016). "Body-mass index and all-cause mortality: individual-participant-data meta-analysis of 239 prospective studies in four continents". Lancet. 388 (10046): 776–86. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(16)30175-1. PMC 4995441. PMID 27423262.
Eknoyan G (January 2008). "Adolphe Quetelet (1796–1874) – the average man and indices of obesity". Nephrology, Dialysis, Transplantation. 23 (1): 47–51. doi:10.1093/ndt/gfm517. PMID 17890752.
Heiberg A (2006-11-04). "Notes on the History of Normality – Reflections on the Work of Quetelet and Galton". Scandinavian Journal of Disability Research. 8 (4): 232–246. doi:10.1080/15017410600608491.
Blackburn H, Jacobs D (June 2014). "Commentary: Origins and evolution of body mass index (BMI): continuing saga". International Journal of Epidemiology. 43 (3): 665–669. doi:10.1093/ije/dyu061. PMID 24691955.
Keys A, Fidanza F, Karvonen MJ, Kimura N, Taylor HL (July 1972). "Indices of relative weight and obesity". Journal of Chronic Diseases. 25 (6): 329–343. doi:10.1016/0021-9681(72)90027-6. PMID 4650929.
Ogunlade O, Adalumo O, Asafa M (2015). "Challenges of body mass index classification: New criteria for young adult Nigerians". Nigerian Journal of Health Sciences. 15 (2): 71. doi:10.4103/1596-4078.182319 (inactive 4 July 2026). ProQuest 1824377087.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of July 2026 (link)
WHO Expert Consultation (January 2004). "Appropriate body-mass index for Asian populations and its implications for policy and intervention strategies". The Lancet. 363 (9403): 157–163. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(03)15268-3. PMID 14726171.
Shiwaku K, Anuurad E, Enkhmaa B, Nogi A, Kitajima K, Shimono K, et al. (January 2004). "Overweight Japanese with body mass indexes of 23.0–24.9 have higher risks for obesity-associated disorders: a comparison of Japanese and Mongolians". International Journal of Obesity and Related Metabolic Disorders. 28 (1): 152–158. doi:10.1038/sj.ijo.0802486. PMID 14557832.
Kanazawa M, Yoshiike N, Osaka T, Numba Y, Zimmet P, Inoue S (December 2002). "Criteria and classification of obesity in Japan and Asia-Oceania". Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 11: S732-7. doi:10.1046/j.1440-6047.11.s8.19.x.^: S734
Diabetes: Putting people at the heart of services (Report). 2022. doi:10.3310/nihrevidence_52026.
Are you at risk of diabetes? Research finds prevention should start at a different BMI for each ethnic group (Report). 2022. doi:10.3310/alert_48878.
Caleyachetty R, Barber TM, Mohammed NI, Cappuccio FP, Hardy R, Mathur R, et al. (July 2021). "Ethnicity-specific BMI cutoffs for obesity based on type 2 diabetes risk in England: a population-based cohort study". The Lancet. Diabetes & Endocrinology. 9 (7): 419–426. doi:10.1016/S2213-8587(21)00088-7. PMC 8208895. PMID 33989535.
Nuttall FQ (2015-04-07). "Body Mass Index – Obesity, BMI, and Health: A Critical Review". Nutrition Today. 50 (3): 117–128. doi:10.1097/NT.0000000000000092. PMC 4890841. PMID 27340299.
WHO Expert Consultation (January 2004). "Appropriate body-mass index for Asian populations and its implications for policy and intervention strategies". The Lancet. 363 (9403): 157–163. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(03)15268-3. PMID 14726171.
Flegal KM, Kruszon-Moran D, Carroll MD, Fryar CD, Ogden CL (June 2016). "Trends in Obesity Among Adults in the United States, 2005 to 2014". JAMA. 315 (21): 2284–2291. Bibcode:2016JAMA..315.2284F. doi:10.1001/jama.2016.6458. PMC 11197437. PMID 27272580.
Jaimes R, Rocco AG (2014). "Multiple epidural steroid injections and body mass index linked with occurrence of epidural lipomatosis: a case series". BMC Anesthesiology. 14 70. doi:10.1186/1471-2253-14-70. PMC 4145583. PMID 25183952.
Allam O, Park KE, Chandler L, Mozaffari MA, Ahmad M, Lu X, et al. (April 28, 2020). "The impact of radiation on lymphedema: a review of the literature". Gland Surgery. 9 (2): 596–602. doi:10.21037/gs.2020.03.20. PMC 7225495. PMID 32420295.
Greene AK, Zurakowski D, Goss JA (August 2020). "Body Mass Index and Lymphedema Morbidity: Comparison of Obese versus Normal-Weight Patients". Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. 146 (2). American Society of Plastic Surgeons: 402–407. doi:10.1097/PRS.0000000000007021. PMID 32740596.
Bhaskaran K, Douglas I, Forbes H, dos-Santos-Silva I, Leon DA, Smeeth L (August 2014). "Body-mass index and risk of 22 specific cancers: a population-based cohort study of 5·24 million UK adults". Lancet. 384 (9945): 755–765. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(14)60892-8. PMC 4151483. PMID 25129328.
Stokes A, Preston SH (December 2015). "Smoking and reverse causation create an obesity paradox in cardiovascular disease". Obesity. 23 (12): 2485–2490. doi:10.1002/oby.21239. PMC 4701612. PMID 26421898.
Dons E, Rojas-Rueda D, Anaya-Boig E, Avila-Palencia I, Brand C, Cole-Hunter T, et al. (October 2018). "Transport mode choice and body mass index: Cross-sectional and longitudinal evidence from a European-wide study". Environment International. 119 (119): 109–116. Bibcode:2018EnInt.119..109D. doi:10.1016/j.envint.2018.06.023. hdl:10044/1/61061. PMID 29957352.
Flegal KM, Graubard BI, Williamson DF, Gail MH (April 2005). "Excess deaths associated with underweight, overweight, and obesity". JAMA. 293 (15): 1861–1867. Bibcode:2005JAMA..293.1861F. doi:10.1001/jama.293.15.1861. PMID 15840860.
Whitlock G, Lewington S, Sherliker P, Clarke R, Emberson J, Halsey J, et al. (March 2009). "Body-mass index and cause-specific mortality in 900 000 adults: collaborative analyses of 57 prospective studies". Lancet. 373 (9669): 1083–1096. Bibcode:2009Lanc..373.1083P. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(09)60318-4. PMC 2662372. PMID 19299006.
Walsh J, Heazlewood IT, Climstein M (July 2018). "Body Mass Index in Master Athletes: Review of the Literature". Journal of Lifestyle Medicine. 8 (2): 79–98. doi:10.15280/jlm.2018.8.2.79. PMC 6239137. PMID 30474004.
Lim JS, Lee DH, Park JY, Jin SH, Jacobs DR (June 2007). "A strong interaction between serum gamma-glutamyltransferase and obesity on the risk of prevalent type 2 diabetes: results from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey". Clinical Chemistry. 53 (6): 1092–1098. doi:10.1373/clinchem.2006.079814. PMID 17478563.
Romero-Corral A, Montori VM, Somers VK, Korinek J, Thomas RJ, Allison TG, et al. (August 2006). "Association of bodyweight with total mortality and with cardiovascular events in coronary artery disease: a systematic review of cohort studies". Lancet. 368 (9536): 666–678. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(06)69251-9. PMID 16920472.
Romero-Corral A, Somers VK, Sierra-Johnson J, Thomas RJ, Collazo-Clavell ML, Korinek J, et al. (June 2008). "Accuracy of body mass index in diagnosing obesity in the adult general population". International Journal of Obesity. 32 (6): 959–966. doi:10.1038/ijo.2008.11. PMC 2877506. PMID 18283284.
Schneider HJ, Friedrich N, Klotsche J, Pieper L, Nauck M, John U, et al. (April 2010). "The predictive value of different measures of obesity for incident cardiovascular events and mortality". The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. 95 (4): 1777–1785. doi:10.1210/jc.2009-1584. PMID 20130075.
Mørkedal B, Romundstad PR, Vatten LJ (June 2011). "Informativeness of indices of blood pressure, obesity and serum lipids in relation to ischaemic heart disease mortality: the HUNT-II study". European Journal of Epidemiology. 26 (6): 457–461. doi:10.1007/s10654-011-9572-7. PMC 3115050. PMID 21461943.
Kronmal RA (1993). "Spurious correlation and the fallacy of the ratio standard revisited". Journal of the Royal Statistical Society. 156 (3): 379–392. doi:10.2307/2983064. JSTOR 2983064.
Park SY, Wilkens LR, Murphy SP, Monroe KR, Henderson BE, Kolonel LN (9 September 2023). "Body mass index and mortality in an ethnically diverse population: the Multiethnic Cohort Study". The Health Board. 27 (7): 489–497. doi:10.1007/s10654-012-9695-5. PMC 4494097. PMID 22644110.
Taylor RS (May 2010). "Letter to the editor". Paediatrics & Child Health. 15 (5): 258. doi:10.1093/pch/15.5.258. PMC 2912631. PMID 21532785.
Sperrin M, Marshall AD, Higgins V, Renehan AG, Buchan IE (September 2016). "Body mass index relates weight to height differently in women and older adults: serial cross-sectional surveys in England (1992-2011)". Journal of Public Health. 38 (3): 607–613. doi:10.1093/pubmed/fdv067. PMC 5072155. PMID 26036702.
Diverse Populations Collaborative Group (September 2005). "Weight-height relationships and body mass index: some observations from the Diverse Populations Collaboration". American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 128 (1): 220–229. Bibcode:2005AJPA..128..220.. doi:10.1002/ajpa.20107. PMID 15761809.
Levitt DG, Heymsfield SB, Pierson RN, Shapses SA, Kral JG (September 2007). "Physiological models of body composition and human obesity". Nutrition & Metabolism. 4 19. doi:10.1186/1743-7075-4-19. PMC 2082278. PMID 17883858.
Campos P, Saguy A, Ernsberger P, Oliver E, Gaesser G (February 2006). "The epidemiology of overweight and obesity: public health crisis or moral panic?". International Journal of Epidemiology. 35 (1): 55–60. doi:10.1093/ije/dyi254. PMID 16339599.
V Roth J (10 July 2018). "Taller people should have Higher BMI's and Blood Pressure Measurements as their Normal". Biomedical Journal of Scientific & Technical Research. 6 (4). doi:10.26717/BJSTR.2018.06.001381.
Heymsfield SB, Gallagher D, Mayer L, Beetsch J, Pietrobelli A (July 2007). "Scaling of human body composition to stature: new insights into body mass index". The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 86 (1): 82–91. doi:10.1093/ajcn/86.1.82. PMC 2729090. PMID 17616766.
Rahman SA, Adjeroh D (2015). "Surface-Based Body Shape Index and Its Relationship with All-Cause Mortality". PLOS ONE. 10 (12) e0144639. Bibcode:2015PLoSO..1044639R. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0144639. PMC 4692532. PMID 26709925.
Tsuchiya A, Yazaki M, Kametani F, Takei Y, Ikeda S (April 2008). "Marked regression of abdominal fat amyloid in patients with familial amyloid polyneuropathy during long-term follow-up after liver transplantation". Liver Transplantation. 14 (4): 563–570. doi:10.1002/lt.21395. PMID 18383093.

endocrine-abstracts.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

Tahrani A, Boelaert K, Barnes R, Palin S, Field A, Redmayne H, et al. (April 2008). "Body volume index: time to replace body mass index?". Endocrine Abstracts. 15.

fitnessofbody.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Body weight chart – ideal goal weight chart". Fitness of Body – Health & Wellness site. Archived from the original on 2021-03-08. Retrieved 2019-04-21.

ghostarchive.org (Global: 64^th place; English: 28^th place)

The SuRF Report 2 (PDF). The Surveillance of Risk Factors Report Series (SuRF). World Health Organization. 2005. p. 22. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2022-10-09.
"Selected health conditions and risk factors, by age: the United States, selected years" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2022-10-09.

go.com (Global: 97^th place; English: 79^th place)

abcnews.go.com

ABC News. "Israeli Law Bans Skinny, BMI-Challenged Models". ABC News. Archived from the original on 2014-12-10.

hdl.handle.net (Global: 66^th place; English: 34^th place)

Dons E, Rojas-Rueda D, Anaya-Boig E, Avila-Palencia I, Brand C, Cole-Hunter T, et al. (October 2018). "Transport mode choice and body mass index: Cross-sectional and longitudinal evidence from a European-wide study". Environment International. 119 (119): 109–116. Bibcode:2018EnInt.119..109D. doi:10.1016/j.envint.2018.06.023. hdl:10044/1/61061. PMID 29957352.

hospimedica.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

HospiMedica International staff writers (18 Jun 2013). "Waist-Height Ratio Better Than BMI for Gauging Mortality". Archived from the original on 17 April 2016. Retrieved 7 April 2016.

hsph.harvard.edu (Global: 9,638^th place; English: 7,064^th place)

"Waist Size Matters". Harvard School of Public Health. 2012-10-21. Archived from the original on 21 August 2016. Retrieved 29 July 2016.

infobloom.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Bonderud D (9 September 2023). "What is the Ponderal Index?". The Health Board.

jstor.org (Global: 23^rd place; English: 15^th place)

Kronmal RA (1993). "Spurious correlation and the fallacy of the ratio standard revisited". Journal of the Royal Statistical Society. 156 (3): 379–392. doi:10.2307/2983064. JSTOR 2983064.

livescience.com (Global: 1,726^th place; English: 1,417^th place)

Lewis T (22 August 2013). "BMI Not a Good Measure of Healthy Body Weight, Researchers Argue". LiveScience.com. Archived from the original on 2015-07-21.

medicalnewstoday.com (Global: 3,865^th place; English: 3,829^th place)

"Why BMI is inaccurate and misleading". Medical News Today. 25 August 2013. Archived from the original on 2015-07-23.
"BMI: is the body mass index formula flawed?". Medical News Today. Archived from the original on 2015-07-23.

mhlw.go.jp (Global: 1,922^nd place; English: low place)

"肥満って、どんな状態？" [What is obesity, what kind of state?]. Obesity Homepage (in Japanese). Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare. Archived from the original on 2013-06-28. Retrieved 2013-05-25.

nhs.uk (Global: 2,637^th place; English: 2,254^th place)

"Defining obesity". NHS. Archived from the original on 18 December 2014. Retrieved 19 December 2014.
"Why is my waist size important?". UK HNS Choices. Archived from the original on 6 August 2016. Retrieved 29 July 2016.

nih.gov (Global: 5^th place; English: 5^th place)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Di Angelantonio E, Bhupathiraju S, Wormser D, Gao P, Kaptoge S, Berrington de Gonzalez A, et al. (August 2016). "Body-mass index and all-cause mortality: individual-participant-data meta-analysis of 239 prospective studies in four continents". Lancet. 388 (10046): 776–86. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(16)30175-1. PMC 4995441. PMID 27423262.
Eknoyan G (January 2008). "Adolphe Quetelet (1796–1874) – the average man and indices of obesity". Nephrology, Dialysis, Transplantation. 23 (1): 47–51. doi:10.1093/ndt/gfm517. PMID 17890752.
Blackburn H, Jacobs D (June 2014). "Commentary: Origins and evolution of body mass index (BMI): continuing saga". International Journal of Epidemiology. 43 (3): 665–669. doi:10.1093/ije/dyu061. PMID 24691955.
Keys A, Fidanza F, Karvonen MJ, Kimura N, Taylor HL (July 1972). "Indices of relative weight and obesity". Journal of Chronic Diseases. 25 (6): 329–343. doi:10.1016/0021-9681(72)90027-6. PMID 4650929.
"Physical status: the use and interpretation of anthropometry. Report of a WHO Expert Committee" (PDF). World Health Organization Technical Report Series. 854 (854): 1–452. 1995. PMID 8594834. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2007-02-10.
WHO Expert Consultation (January 2004). "Appropriate body-mass index for Asian populations and its implications for policy and intervention strategies". The Lancet. 363 (9403): 157–163. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(03)15268-3. PMID 14726171.
Shiwaku K, Anuurad E, Enkhmaa B, Nogi A, Kitajima K, Shimono K, et al. (January 2004). "Overweight Japanese with body mass indexes of 23.0–24.9 have higher risks for obesity-associated disorders: a comparison of Japanese and Mongolians". International Journal of Obesity and Related Metabolic Disorders. 28 (1): 152–158. doi:10.1038/sj.ijo.0802486. PMID 14557832.
Caleyachetty R, Barber TM, Mohammed NI, Cappuccio FP, Hardy R, Mathur R, et al. (July 2021). "Ethnicity-specific BMI cutoffs for obesity based on type 2 diabetes risk in England: a population-based cohort study". The Lancet. Diabetes & Endocrinology. 9 (7): 419–426. doi:10.1016/S2213-8587(21)00088-7. PMC 8208895. PMID 33989535.
Nuttall FQ (2015-04-07). "Body Mass Index – Obesity, BMI, and Health: A Critical Review". Nutrition Today. 50 (3): 117–128. doi:10.1097/NT.0000000000000092. PMC 4890841. PMID 27340299.
WHO Expert Consultation (January 2004). "Appropriate body-mass index for Asian populations and its implications for policy and intervention strategies". The Lancet. 363 (9403): 157–163. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(03)15268-3. PMID 14726171.
Flegal KM, Kruszon-Moran D, Carroll MD, Fryar CD, Ogden CL (June 2016). "Trends in Obesity Among Adults in the United States, 2005 to 2014". JAMA. 315 (21): 2284–2291. Bibcode:2016JAMA..315.2284F. doi:10.1001/jama.2016.6458. PMC 11197437. PMID 27272580.
Jaimes R, Rocco AG (2014). "Multiple epidural steroid injections and body mass index linked with occurrence of epidural lipomatosis: a case series". BMC Anesthesiology. 14 70. doi:10.1186/1471-2253-14-70. PMC 4145583. PMID 25183952.
Allam O, Park KE, Chandler L, Mozaffari MA, Ahmad M, Lu X, et al. (April 28, 2020). "The impact of radiation on lymphedema: a review of the literature". Gland Surgery. 9 (2): 596–602. doi:10.21037/gs.2020.03.20. PMC 7225495. PMID 32420295.
Greene AK, Zurakowski D, Goss JA (August 2020). "Body Mass Index and Lymphedema Morbidity: Comparison of Obese versus Normal-Weight Patients". Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. 146 (2). American Society of Plastic Surgeons: 402–407. doi:10.1097/PRS.0000000000007021. PMID 32740596.
Bhaskaran K, Douglas I, Forbes H, dos-Santos-Silva I, Leon DA, Smeeth L (August 2014). "Body-mass index and risk of 22 specific cancers: a population-based cohort study of 5·24 million UK adults". Lancet. 384 (9945): 755–765. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(14)60892-8. PMC 4151483. PMID 25129328.
Stokes A, Preston SH (December 2015). "Smoking and reverse causation create an obesity paradox in cardiovascular disease". Obesity. 23 (12): 2485–2490. doi:10.1002/oby.21239. PMC 4701612. PMID 26421898.
Dons E, Rojas-Rueda D, Anaya-Boig E, Avila-Palencia I, Brand C, Cole-Hunter T, et al. (October 2018). "Transport mode choice and body mass index: Cross-sectional and longitudinal evidence from a European-wide study". Environment International. 119 (119): 109–116. Bibcode:2018EnInt.119..109D. doi:10.1016/j.envint.2018.06.023. hdl:10044/1/61061. PMID 29957352.
Flegal KM, Graubard BI, Williamson DF, Gail MH (April 2005). "Excess deaths associated with underweight, overweight, and obesity". JAMA. 293 (15): 1861–1867. Bibcode:2005JAMA..293.1861F. doi:10.1001/jama.293.15.1861. PMID 15840860.
Whitlock G, Lewington S, Sherliker P, Clarke R, Emberson J, Halsey J, et al. (March 2009). "Body-mass index and cause-specific mortality in 900 000 adults: collaborative analyses of 57 prospective studies". Lancet. 373 (9669): 1083–1096. Bibcode:2009Lanc..373.1083P. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(09)60318-4. PMC 2662372. PMID 19299006.
Walsh J, Heazlewood IT, Climstein M (July 2018). "Body Mass Index in Master Athletes: Review of the Literature". Journal of Lifestyle Medicine. 8 (2): 79–98. doi:10.15280/jlm.2018.8.2.79. PMC 6239137. PMID 30474004.
Lim JS, Lee DH, Park JY, Jin SH, Jacobs DR (June 2007). "A strong interaction between serum gamma-glutamyltransferase and obesity on the risk of prevalent type 2 diabetes: results from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey". Clinical Chemistry. 53 (6): 1092–1098. doi:10.1373/clinchem.2006.079814. PMID 17478563.
Romero-Corral A, Montori VM, Somers VK, Korinek J, Thomas RJ, Allison TG, et al. (August 2006). "Association of bodyweight with total mortality and with cardiovascular events in coronary artery disease: a systematic review of cohort studies". Lancet. 368 (9536): 666–678. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(06)69251-9. PMID 16920472.
Romero-Corral A, Somers VK, Sierra-Johnson J, Thomas RJ, Collazo-Clavell ML, Korinek J, et al. (June 2008). "Accuracy of body mass index in diagnosing obesity in the adult general population". International Journal of Obesity. 32 (6): 959–966. doi:10.1038/ijo.2008.11. PMC 2877506. PMID 18283284.
Schneider HJ, Friedrich N, Klotsche J, Pieper L, Nauck M, John U, et al. (April 2010). "The predictive value of different measures of obesity for incident cardiovascular events and mortality". The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. 95 (4): 1777–1785. doi:10.1210/jc.2009-1584. PMID 20130075.
Mørkedal B, Romundstad PR, Vatten LJ (June 2011). "Informativeness of indices of blood pressure, obesity and serum lipids in relation to ischaemic heart disease mortality: the HUNT-II study". European Journal of Epidemiology. 26 (6): 457–461. doi:10.1007/s10654-011-9572-7. PMC 3115050. PMID 21461943.
Park SY, Wilkens LR, Murphy SP, Monroe KR, Henderson BE, Kolonel LN (9 September 2023). "Body mass index and mortality in an ethnically diverse population: the Multiethnic Cohort Study". The Health Board. 27 (7): 489–497. doi:10.1007/s10654-012-9695-5. PMC 4494097. PMID 22644110.
Taylor RS (May 2010). "Letter to the editor". Paediatrics & Child Health. 15 (5): 258. doi:10.1093/pch/15.5.258. PMC 2912631. PMID 21532785.
Sperrin M, Marshall AD, Higgins V, Renehan AG, Buchan IE (September 2016). "Body mass index relates weight to height differently in women and older adults: serial cross-sectional surveys in England (1992-2011)". Journal of Public Health. 38 (3): 607–613. doi:10.1093/pubmed/fdv067. PMC 5072155. PMID 26036702.
Diverse Populations Collaborative Group (September 2005). "Weight-height relationships and body mass index: some observations from the Diverse Populations Collaboration". American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 128 (1): 220–229. Bibcode:2005AJPA..128..220.. doi:10.1002/ajpa.20107. PMID 15761809.
Levitt DG, Heymsfield SB, Pierson RN, Shapses SA, Kral JG (September 2007). "Physiological models of body composition and human obesity". Nutrition & Metabolism. 4 19. doi:10.1186/1743-7075-4-19. PMC 2082278. PMID 17883858.
Campos P, Saguy A, Ernsberger P, Oliver E, Gaesser G (February 2006). "The epidemiology of overweight and obesity: public health crisis or moral panic?". International Journal of Epidemiology. 35 (1): 55–60. doi:10.1093/ije/dyi254. PMID 16339599.
Heymsfield SB, Gallagher D, Mayer L, Beetsch J, Pietrobelli A (July 2007). "Scaling of human body composition to stature: new insights into body mass index". The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 86 (1): 82–91. doi:10.1093/ajcn/86.1.82. PMC 2729090. PMID 17616766.
Gadzik J (February 2006). "'How much should I weigh?'--Quetelet's equation, upper weight limits, and BMI prime". Connecticut Medicine. 70 (2): 81–88. PMID 16768059.
Rahman SA, Adjeroh D (2015). "Surface-Based Body Shape Index and Its Relationship with All-Cause Mortality". PLOS ONE. 10 (12) e0144639. Bibcode:2015PLoSO..1044639R. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0144639. PMC 4692532. PMID 26709925.
Tsuchiya A, Yazaki M, Kametani F, Takei Y, Ikeda S (April 2008). "Marked regression of abdominal fat amyloid in patients with familial amyloid polyneuropathy during long-term follow-up after liver transplantation". Liver Transplantation. 14 (4): 563–570. doi:10.1002/lt.21395. PMID 18383093.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Di Angelantonio E, Bhupathiraju S, Wormser D, Gao P, Kaptoge S, Berrington de Gonzalez A, et al. (August 2016). "Body-mass index and all-cause mortality: individual-participant-data meta-analysis of 239 prospective studies in four continents". Lancet. 388 (10046): 776–86. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(16)30175-1. PMC 4995441. PMID 27423262.
"The Science, Strengths, and Limitations of Body Mass Index". Translating Knowledge of Foundational Drivers of Obesity into Practice: Proceedings of a Workshop Series. National Academies Press (US). 2023.
Caleyachetty R, Barber TM, Mohammed NI, Cappuccio FP, Hardy R, Mathur R, et al. (July 2021). "Ethnicity-specific BMI cutoffs for obesity based on type 2 diabetes risk in England: a population-based cohort study". The Lancet. Diabetes & Endocrinology. 9 (7): 419–426. doi:10.1016/S2213-8587(21)00088-7. PMC 8208895. PMID 33989535.
Nuttall FQ (2015-04-07). "Body Mass Index – Obesity, BMI, and Health: A Critical Review". Nutrition Today. 50 (3): 117–128. doi:10.1097/NT.0000000000000092. PMC 4890841. PMID 27340299.
Flegal KM, Kruszon-Moran D, Carroll MD, Fryar CD, Ogden CL (June 2016). "Trends in Obesity Among Adults in the United States, 2005 to 2014". JAMA. 315 (21): 2284–2291. Bibcode:2016JAMA..315.2284F. doi:10.1001/jama.2016.6458. PMC 11197437. PMID 27272580.
"Executive Summary". Clinical Guidelines on the Identification, Evaluation, and Treatment of Overweight and Obesity in Adults: The Evidence Report. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. September 1998. xi–xxx. Archived from the original on 2013-01-03.
Jaimes R, Rocco AG (2014). "Multiple epidural steroid injections and body mass index linked with occurrence of epidural lipomatosis: a case series". BMC Anesthesiology. 14 70. doi:10.1186/1471-2253-14-70. PMC 4145583. PMID 25183952.
Allam O, Park KE, Chandler L, Mozaffari MA, Ahmad M, Lu X, et al. (April 28, 2020). "The impact of radiation on lymphedema: a review of the literature". Gland Surgery. 9 (2): 596–602. doi:10.21037/gs.2020.03.20. PMC 7225495. PMID 32420295.
Bhaskaran K, Douglas I, Forbes H, dos-Santos-Silva I, Leon DA, Smeeth L (August 2014). "Body-mass index and risk of 22 specific cancers: a population-based cohort study of 5·24 million UK adults". Lancet. 384 (9945): 755–765. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(14)60892-8. PMC 4151483. PMID 25129328.
Stokes A, Preston SH (December 2015). "Smoking and reverse causation create an obesity paradox in cardiovascular disease". Obesity. 23 (12): 2485–2490. doi:10.1002/oby.21239. PMC 4701612. PMID 26421898.
Whitlock G, Lewington S, Sherliker P, Clarke R, Emberson J, Halsey J, et al. (March 2009). "Body-mass index and cause-specific mortality in 900 000 adults: collaborative analyses of 57 prospective studies". Lancet. 373 (9669): 1083–1096. Bibcode:2009Lanc..373.1083P. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(09)60318-4. PMC 2662372. PMID 19299006.
Walsh J, Heazlewood IT, Climstein M (July 2018). "Body Mass Index in Master Athletes: Review of the Literature". Journal of Lifestyle Medicine. 8 (2): 79–98. doi:10.15280/jlm.2018.8.2.79. PMC 6239137. PMID 30474004.
Romero-Corral A, Somers VK, Sierra-Johnson J, Thomas RJ, Collazo-Clavell ML, Korinek J, et al. (June 2008). "Accuracy of body mass index in diagnosing obesity in the adult general population". International Journal of Obesity. 32 (6): 959–966. doi:10.1038/ijo.2008.11. PMC 2877506. PMID 18283284.
Mørkedal B, Romundstad PR, Vatten LJ (June 2011). "Informativeness of indices of blood pressure, obesity and serum lipids in relation to ischaemic heart disease mortality: the HUNT-II study". European Journal of Epidemiology. 26 (6): 457–461. doi:10.1007/s10654-011-9572-7. PMC 3115050. PMID 21461943.
Park SY, Wilkens LR, Murphy SP, Monroe KR, Henderson BE, Kolonel LN (9 September 2023). "Body mass index and mortality in an ethnically diverse population: the Multiethnic Cohort Study". The Health Board. 27 (7): 489–497. doi:10.1007/s10654-012-9695-5. PMC 4494097. PMID 22644110.
Taylor RS (May 2010). "Letter to the editor". Paediatrics & Child Health. 15 (5): 258. doi:10.1093/pch/15.5.258. PMC 2912631. PMID 21532785.
Sperrin M, Marshall AD, Higgins V, Renehan AG, Buchan IE (September 2016). "Body mass index relates weight to height differently in women and older adults: serial cross-sectional surveys in England (1992-2011)". Journal of Public Health. 38 (3): 607–613. doi:10.1093/pubmed/fdv067. PMC 5072155. PMID 26036702.
Levitt DG, Heymsfield SB, Pierson RN, Shapses SA, Kral JG (September 2007). "Physiological models of body composition and human obesity". Nutrition & Metabolism. 4 19. doi:10.1186/1743-7075-4-19. PMC 2082278. PMID 17883858.
"The Science, Strengths, and Limitations of Body Mass Index". NCBI Bookshelf. 2023-07-30.
Heymsfield SB, Gallagher D, Mayer L, Beetsch J, Pietrobelli A (July 2007). "Scaling of human body composition to stature: new insights into body mass index". The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 86 (1): 82–91. doi:10.1093/ajcn/86.1.82. PMC 2729090. PMID 17616766.
Rahman SA, Adjeroh D (2015). "Surface-Based Body Shape Index and Its Relationship with All-Cause Mortality". PLOS ONE. 10 (12) e0144639. Bibcode:2015PLoSO..1044639R. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0144639. PMC 4692532. PMID 26709925.

nhlbi.nih.gov

"Assessing Your Weight and Health Risk". National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute. Archived from the original on 19 December 2014. Retrieved 19 December 2014.
- "Body Mass Index Table 19-35 (PDF)" (PDF). National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. National Institutes of Health. Archived from the original on 2010-03-10.
- "Executive Summary". Clinical Guidelines on the Identification, Evaluation, and Treatment of Overweight and Obesity in Adults: The Evidence Report. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. September 1998. xi–xxx. Archived from the original on 2013-01-03.
- "Obesity Education Initiative Electronic Textbook – Treatment Guidelines". US National Institutes of Health. Archived from the original on 1 May 2017. Retrieved 29 July 2016.

nytimes.com (Global: 7^th place; English: 7^th place)

Brody JE (31 August 2010). "Weight Index Doesn't Tell the Whole Truth". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 1 May 2017.

official-documents.co.uk (Global: low place; English: low place)

archive2.official-documents.co.uk

"Health Survey for England: The Health of Children and Young People". Archive2.official-documents.co.uk. Archived from the original on 2012-06-25. Retrieved 16 December 2013.

ox.ac.uk (Global: 541^st place; English: 356^th place)

people.maths.ox.ac.uk

Trefethen N. "New BMI (Body Mass Index)". Ox.ac.uk. Mathematical Institute, University of Oxford. Retrieved 5 February 2019.

proquest.com (Global: 121^st place; English: 59^th place)

Ogunlade O, Adalumo O, Asafa M (2015). "Challenges of body mass index classification: New criteria for young adult Nigerians". Nigerian Journal of Health Sciences. 15 (2): 71. doi:10.4103/1596-4078.182319 (inactive 4 July 2026). ProQuest 1824377087.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of July 2026 (link)

realclearscience.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Pomeroy R (29 December 2015). "A New Potential Replacement for Body Mass Index | RealClearScience". realclearscience.com. Archived from the original on 2016-01-01. Retrieved 2015-12-31.

slate.com (Global: 409^th place; English: 260^th place)

Singer-Vine J (July 20, 2009). "Beyond BMI: Why doctors won't stop using an outdated measure for obesity". Slate. Archived from the original on 7 September 2011. Retrieved 15 December 2013.

time.com (Global: 84^th place; English: 63^rd place)

Stampler L. "France Just Banned Ultra-Thin Models". Time. Archived from the original on 2015-04-10.

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

Singer-Vine J (July 20, 2009). "Beyond BMI: Why doctors won't stop using an outdated measure for obesity". Slate. Archived from the original on 7 September 2011. Retrieved 15 December 2013.
"Assessing Your Weight and Health Risk". National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute. Archived from the original on 19 December 2014. Retrieved 19 December 2014.
"Defining obesity". NHS. Archived from the original on 18 December 2014. Retrieved 19 December 2014.
"Physical status: the use and interpretation of anthropometry. Report of a WHO Expert Committee" (PDF). World Health Organization Technical Report Series. 854 (854): 1–452. 1995. PMID 8594834. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2007-02-10.
- "Body Mass Index Table 19-35 (PDF)" (PDF). National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. National Institutes of Health. Archived from the original on 2010-03-10.
- "Body Mass Index: BMI for Children and Teens". Center for Disease Control. Archived from the original on 2013-10-29. Retrieved 2013-12-16.
- "Health Survey for England: The Health of Children and Young People". Archive2.official-documents.co.uk. Archived from the original on 2012-06-25. Retrieved 16 December 2013.
- "Body weight chart – ideal goal weight chart". Fitness of Body – Health & Wellness site. Archived from the original on 2021-03-08. Retrieved 2019-04-21.
- "肥満って、どんな状態？" [What is obesity, what kind of state?]. Obesity Homepage (in Japanese). Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare. Archived from the original on 2013-06-28. Retrieved 2013-05-25.
- "Who's fat? New definition adopted". CNN. June 17, 1998. Archived from the original on November 22, 2010. Retrieved 2010-04-26.
- "Anthropometric Reference Data for Children and Adults: United States" (PDF). CDC DHHS. 2016. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2017-02-02.
- "Executive Summary". Clinical Guidelines on the Identification, Evaluation, and Treatment of Overweight and Obesity in Adults: The Evidence Report. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. September 1998. xi–xxx. Archived from the original on 2013-01-03.
- Stampler L. "France Just Banned Ultra-Thin Models". Time. Archived from the original on 2015-04-10.
- ABC News. "Israeli Law Bans Skinny, BMI-Challenged Models". ABC News. Archived from the original on 2014-12-10.
- Brody JE (31 August 2010). "Weight Index Doesn't Tell the Whole Truth". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 1 May 2017.
- "Why BMI is inaccurate and misleading". Medical News Today. 25 August 2013. Archived from the original on 2015-07-23.
- "BMI: is the body mass index formula flawed?". Medical News Today. Archived from the original on 2015-07-23.
- Lewis T (22 August 2013). "BMI Not a Good Measure of Healthy Body Weight, Researchers Argue". LiveScience.com. Archived from the original on 2015-07-21.
- "Obesity Education Initiative Electronic Textbook – Treatment Guidelines". US National Institutes of Health. Archived from the original on 1 May 2017. Retrieved 29 July 2016.
- "Why is my waist size important?". UK HNS Choices. Archived from the original on 6 August 2016. Retrieved 29 July 2016.
- "Waist Size Matters". Harvard School of Public Health. 2012-10-21. Archived from the original on 21 August 2016. Retrieved 29 July 2016.
- HospiMedica International staff writers (18 Jun 2013). "Waist-Height Ratio Better Than BMI for Gauging Mortality". Archived from the original on 17 April 2016. Retrieved 7 April 2016.
- Pomeroy R (29 December 2015). "A New Potential Replacement for Body Mass Index | RealClearScience". realclearscience.com. Archived from the original on 2016-01-01. Retrieved 2015-12-31.

who.int (Global: 213^th place; English: 314^th place)

apps.who.int

The SuRF Report 2 (PDF). The Surveillance of Risk Factors Report Series (SuRF). World Health Organization. 2005. p. 22. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2022-10-09.

whqlibdoc.who.int

"Physical status: the use and interpretation of anthropometry. Report of a WHO Expert Committee" (PDF). World Health Organization Technical Report Series. 854 (854): 1–452. 1995. PMID 8594834. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2007-02-10.

worldcat.org (Global: 4^th place; English: 4^th place)

search.worldcat.org

Strings S (2019). Fearing the Black Body: the racial origins of fat phobia. New York University Press. ISBN 978-1-4798-9178-8. OCLC 1256003500.

Body mass index (English Wikipedia)

adsabs.harvard.edu (Global: 14th place; English: 9th place)

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

bbc.co.uk (Global: 11th place; English: 10th place)

news.bbc.co.uk

cardiology.com.sg (Global: low place; English: low place)

cdc.gov (Global: 251st place; English: 248th place)

cnn.com (Global: 36th place; English: 26th place)

doi.org (Global: 2nd place; English: 2nd place)

endocrine-abstracts.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

fitnessofbody.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

ghostarchive.org (Global: 64th place; English: 28th place)

go.com (Global: 97th place; English: 79th place)

abcnews.go.com

hdl.handle.net (Global: 66th place; English: 34th place)

hospimedica.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

hsph.harvard.edu (Global: 9,638th place; English: 7,064th place)

infobloom.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

jstor.org (Global: 23rd place; English: 15th place)

livescience.com (Global: 1,726th place; English: 1,417th place)

medicalnewstoday.com (Global: 3,865th place; English: 3,829th place)

mhlw.go.jp (Global: 1,922nd place; English: low place)

nhs.uk (Global: 2,637th place; English: 2,254th place)

nih.gov (Global: 5th place; English: 5th place)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

nhlbi.nih.gov

nytimes.com (Global: 7th place; English: 7th place)

official-documents.co.uk (Global: low place; English: low place)

archive2.official-documents.co.uk

ox.ac.uk (Global: 541st place; English: 356th place)

people.maths.ox.ac.uk

proquest.com (Global: 121st place; English: 59th place)

realclearscience.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

slate.com (Global: 409th place; English: 260th place)

time.com (Global: 84th place; English: 63rd place)

web.archive.org (Global: 1st place; English: 1st place)

who.int (Global: 213th place; English: 314th place)

apps.who.int

whqlibdoc.who.int

worldcat.org (Global: 4th place; English: 4th place)

search.worldcat.org

adsabs.harvard.edu (Global: 14^th place; English: 9^th place)

bbc.co.uk (Global: 11^th place; English: 10^th place)

cdc.gov (Global: 251^st place; English: 248^th place)

cnn.com (Global: 36^th place; English: 26^th place)

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

ghostarchive.org (Global: 64^th place; English: 28^th place)

go.com (Global: 97^th place; English: 79^th place)

hdl.handle.net (Global: 66^th place; English: 34^th place)

hsph.harvard.edu (Global: 9,638^th place; English: 7,064^th place)

jstor.org (Global: 23^rd place; English: 15^th place)

livescience.com (Global: 1,726^th place; English: 1,417^th place)

medicalnewstoday.com (Global: 3,865^th place; English: 3,829^th place)

mhlw.go.jp (Global: 1,922^nd place; English: low place)

nhs.uk (Global: 2,637^th place; English: 2,254^th place)

nih.gov (Global: 5^th place; English: 5^th place)

nytimes.com (Global: 7^th place; English: 7^th place)

ox.ac.uk (Global: 541^st place; English: 356^th place)

proquest.com (Global: 121^st place; English: 59^th place)

slate.com (Global: 409^th place; English: 260^th place)

time.com (Global: 84^th place; English: 63^rd place)

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

who.int (Global: 213^th place; English: 314^th place)

worldcat.org (Global: 4^th place; English: 4^th place)