Body proportions (English Wikipedia)

Lantéri, Édouard (1903). Modelling; a guide for teachers and students. London: Chapman and Hall. pp. 100–111.
Ryder, Anthony (2000). "Using measurement". The Artist's Complete Guide to Figure Drawing. New York: Watson-Gupthill. pp. 53 to 65. ISBN 0-8230-0303-5.
Sheppard, Joseph (1975). "Proportion". Anatomy A Complete Guide for Artists. New York: Watson-Gupthill. pp. 7 to 13. ISBN 0-8230-0218-7.
Richter, Jean Paul (1970). The Notebooks of Leonardo da Vinci (Reprint of original 1883 ed.). New York: Dover. ISBN 978-0-486-22572-2.

doi.org

Coomaraswamy, Ananda (1934). "Aesthetic of The Śukranĩtisāra". The Transformation of Nature in Art. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press. pp. 111–117. cited in Mosteller, John F. (1988). "The Study of Indian Iconometry in Historical Perspective". Journal of the American Oriental Society. 108 (1): 99–110. doi:10.2307/603249. JSTOR 603249.
Tobin, Richard (1975). "The Canon of Polykleitos". American Journal of Archaeology. 79 (4): 307–321. doi:10.2307/503064. JSTOR 503064. S2CID 191362470.
Hughes, S. M.; Gallup, G. G. Jr. (2003). "Sex differences in morphological predictors of sexual behavior: Shoulder to hip and waist to hip ratios". Evolution and Human Behavior. 24: 173–178. doi:10.1016/S1090-5138(02)00149-6. Male SHRs (M=1.18±0.071, range 1.03–1.40) significantly (t=10.41, P<.01) exceeded female SHRs (M=1.03±0.066, range 0.90–1.22). Here and subsequently, M signifies mean±standard deviation. (These are head-on lateral widths, not circumferences.)
Versluys, Thomas M. M.; Foley, Robert A.; Skylark, William J. (16 May 2018). "The influence of leg-to-body ratio, arm-to-body ratio and intra-limb ratio on male human attractiveness". Royal Society Open Science. 5 (5). The Royal Society Publishing: 171790. Bibcode:2018RSOS....571790V. doi:10.1098/rsos.171790. PMC 5990728. PMID 29892373. S2CID 47018307.
Kiire, S. (2016). "Effect of Leg-to-Body Ratio on Body Shape Attractiveness". Archives of Sexual Behavior. 45 (4): 901–910. doi:10.1007/s10508-015-0635-9. PMID 26474977. S2CID 40574546.
Leitch, I. (1951). "Growth and health". British Journal of Nutrition. 5 (1): 142–51. doi:10.1079/BJN19510017. PMID 14886531.
Bernstein, Stephen A.; Lo, Michael; Davis, W. Sumner (1 March 2017). "Proposing Using Waist-to-Height Ratio as the Initial Metric for Body Fat Assessment Standards in the U.S. Army". Military Medicine. 182: 304–309. doi:10.7205/MILMED-D-16-00049. PMID 28291490. Retrieved 10 September 2020.
Bovet, Jeanne; Raymond, Michel (17 April 2015). "Preferred Women's Waist-to-Hip Ratio Variation over the Last 2,500 Years". PLOS ONE. 10 (4): e0123284. Bibcode:2015PLoSO..1023284B. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0123284. PMC 4401783. PMID 25886537. cited in Heyman, Stephen (May 27, 2015). "Gleaning New Perspectives by Measuring Body Proportions in Art". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 1 November 2021. Retrieved 10 September 2020.
Dixson, Alan F.; Dixson, Barnaby J. (2011). "Venus Figurines of the European Paleolithic: Symbols of Fertility or Attractiveness?". Journal of Anthropology. 2011: 1–11. doi:10.1155/2011/569120.
Stewart, Andrew (November 1978). "Polykleitos of Argos," One Hundred Greek Sculptors: Their Careers and Extant Works". Journal of Hellenic Studies. 98: 122–131. doi:10.2307/630196. JSTOR 630196. S2CID 162410725.
Tobin, Richard (October 1975). "The Canon of Polykleitos". American Journal of Archaeology. 79 (4): 307–321. doi:10.2307/503064. JSTOR 503064. S2CID 191362470.

drawingforall.net

Ayvazyan, Stepan. "Human Body Proportions". drawingforall.net. Retrieved 12 September 2020.

fairbanksartbooks.com

Fairbanks, Eugene F. (2011). Human Proportions for Artists. Bellingham, WA: Fairbanks Art and Books. ISBN 978-1-4679-0187-1.

harvard.edu

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Versluys, Thomas M. M.; Foley, Robert A.; Skylark, William J. (16 May 2018). "The influence of leg-to-body ratio, arm-to-body ratio and intra-limb ratio on male human attractiveness". Royal Society Open Science. 5 (5). The Royal Society Publishing: 171790. Bibcode:2018RSOS....571790V. doi:10.1098/rsos.171790. PMC 5990728. PMID 29892373. S2CID 47018307.
Bovet, Jeanne; Raymond, Michel (17 April 2015). "Preferred Women's Waist-to-Hip Ratio Variation over the Last 2,500 Years". PLOS ONE. 10 (4): e0123284. Bibcode:2015PLoSO..1023284B. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0123284. PMC 4401783. PMID 25886537. cited in Heyman, Stephen (May 27, 2015). "Gleaning New Perspectives by Measuring Body Proportions in Art". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 1 November 2021. Retrieved 10 September 2020.

jstor.org

Coomaraswamy, Ananda (1934). "Aesthetic of The Śukranĩtisāra". The Transformation of Nature in Art. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press. pp. 111–117. cited in Mosteller, John F. (1988). "The Study of Indian Iconometry in Historical Perspective". Journal of the American Oriental Society. 108 (1): 99–110. doi:10.2307/603249. JSTOR 603249.
Tobin, Richard (1975). "The Canon of Polykleitos". American Journal of Archaeology. 79 (4): 307–321. doi:10.2307/503064. JSTOR 503064. S2CID 191362470.
Stewart, Andrew (November 1978). "Polykleitos of Argos," One Hundred Greek Sculptors: Their Careers and Extant Works". Journal of Hellenic Studies. 98: 122–131. doi:10.2307/630196. JSTOR 630196. S2CID 162410725.
Tobin, Richard (October 1975). "The Canon of Polykleitos". American Journal of Archaeology. 79 (4): 307–321. doi:10.2307/503064. JSTOR 503064. S2CID 191362470.

learner.org

"Art: Doryphoros (Canon)". Art Through Time: A Global View. Annenberg Learner. Retrieved 16 September 2020. Though we do not know the exact details of Polykleitos's formula, the end result, as manifested in the Doryphoros, was the perfect expression of what the Greeks called symmetria

lockhaven.edu

Simanek, Donald E. (December 2015). "Fibonacci Flim-Flam". Lockehaven.edu. Lock Haven University of Pennsylvania. Retrieved 13 September 2020.

louvre.fr

"Hercules: The influence of works by Lysippos". Paris: The Louvre. Retrieved 4 October 2020. In the fourth century BCE, Lysippos drew up a canon of proportions for a more elongated figure that that defined by Polykleitos in the previous century. According to Lysippos, the height of the head should be one-eighth the height of the body, and not one-seventh, as Polykleitos recommended.

makingcomics.com

Larsen, Devin (January 19, 2014). "Standard proportions of the human body". makingcomics.com. Retrieved September 6, 2020.

nih.gov

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Versluys, Thomas M. M.; Foley, Robert A.; Skylark, William J. (16 May 2018). "The influence of leg-to-body ratio, arm-to-body ratio and intra-limb ratio on male human attractiveness". Royal Society Open Science. 5 (5). The Royal Society Publishing: 171790. Bibcode:2018RSOS....571790V. doi:10.1098/rsos.171790. PMC 5990728. PMID 29892373. S2CID 47018307.
Kiire, S. (2016). "Effect of Leg-to-Body Ratio on Body Shape Attractiveness". Archives of Sexual Behavior. 45 (4): 901–910. doi:10.1007/s10508-015-0635-9. PMID 26474977. S2CID 40574546.
Leitch, I. (1951). "Growth and health". British Journal of Nutrition. 5 (1): 142–51. doi:10.1079/BJN19510017. PMID 14886531.
Bernstein, Stephen A.; Lo, Michael; Davis, W. Sumner (1 March 2017). "Proposing Using Waist-to-Height Ratio as the Initial Metric for Body Fat Assessment Standards in the U.S. Army". Military Medicine. 182: 304–309. doi:10.7205/MILMED-D-16-00049. PMID 28291490. Retrieved 10 September 2020.
Bovet, Jeanne; Raymond, Michel (17 April 2015). "Preferred Women's Waist-to-Hip Ratio Variation over the Last 2,500 Years". PLOS ONE. 10 (4): e0123284. Bibcode:2015PLoSO..1023284B. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0123284. PMC 4401783. PMID 25886537. cited in Heyman, Stephen (May 27, 2015). "Gleaning New Perspectives by Measuring Body Proportions in Art". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 1 November 2021. Retrieved 10 September 2020.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Versluys, Thomas M. M.; Foley, Robert A.; Skylark, William J. (16 May 2018). "The influence of leg-to-body ratio, arm-to-body ratio and intra-limb ratio on male human attractiveness". Royal Society Open Science. 5 (5). The Royal Society Publishing: 171790. Bibcode:2018RSOS....571790V. doi:10.1098/rsos.171790. PMC 5990728. PMID 29892373. S2CID 47018307.
Bovet, Jeanne; Raymond, Michel (17 April 2015). "Preferred Women's Waist-to-Hip Ratio Variation over the Last 2,500 Years". PLOS ONE. 10 (4): e0123284. Bibcode:2015PLoSO..1023284B. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0123284. PMC 4401783. PMID 25886537. cited in Heyman, Stephen (May 27, 2015). "Gleaning New Perspectives by Measuring Body Proportions in Art". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 1 November 2021. Retrieved 10 September 2020.

nytimes.com

Bovet, Jeanne; Raymond, Michel (17 April 2015). "Preferred Women's Waist-to-Hip Ratio Variation over the Last 2,500 Years". PLOS ONE. 10 (4): e0123284. Bibcode:2015PLoSO..1023284B. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0123284. PMC 4401783. PMID 25886537. cited in Heyman, Stephen (May 27, 2015). "Gleaning New Perspectives by Measuring Body Proportions in Art". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 1 November 2021. Retrieved 10 September 2020.

oup.com

academic.oup.com

Bernstein, Stephen A.; Lo, Michael; Davis, W. Sumner (1 March 2017). "Proposing Using Waist-to-Height Ratio as the Initial Metric for Body Fat Assessment Standards in the U.S. Army". Military Medicine. 182: 304–309. doi:10.7205/MILMED-D-16-00049. PMID 28291490. Retrieved 10 September 2020.

semanticscholar.org

api.semanticscholar.org

Tobin, Richard (1975). "The Canon of Polykleitos". American Journal of Archaeology. 79 (4): 307–321. doi:10.2307/503064. JSTOR 503064. S2CID 191362470.
Versluys, Thomas M. M.; Foley, Robert A.; Skylark, William J. (16 May 2018). "The influence of leg-to-body ratio, arm-to-body ratio and intra-limb ratio on male human attractiveness". Royal Society Open Science. 5 (5). The Royal Society Publishing: 171790. Bibcode:2018RSOS....571790V. doi:10.1098/rsos.171790. PMC 5990728. PMID 29892373. S2CID 47018307.
Kiire, S. (2016). "Effect of Leg-to-Body Ratio on Body Shape Attractiveness". Archives of Sexual Behavior. 45 (4): 901–910. doi:10.1007/s10508-015-0635-9. PMID 26474977. S2CID 40574546.
Stewart, Andrew (November 1978). "Polykleitos of Argos," One Hundred Greek Sculptors: Their Careers and Extant Works". Journal of Hellenic Studies. 98: 122–131. doi:10.2307/630196. JSTOR 630196. S2CID 162410725.
Tobin, Richard (October 1975). "The Canon of Polykleitos". American Journal of Archaeology. 79 (4): 307–321. doi:10.2307/503064. JSTOR 503064. S2CID 191362470.

sportsrec.com

Chrysanthou, Andrea (27 July 2017). "How to Measure Leg-to-Body Ratio". Sportsrec.com. Retrieved 30 September 2020.

universalleonardo.org

"Universal Leonardo: Leonardo Da Vinci Online Essays". 22 April 2010.

web.archive.org

Bovet, Jeanne; Raymond, Michel (17 April 2015). "Preferred Women's Waist-to-Hip Ratio Variation over the Last 2,500 Years". PLOS ONE. 10 (4): e0123284. Bibcode:2015PLoSO..1023284B. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0123284. PMC 4401783. PMID 25886537. cited in Heyman, Stephen (May 27, 2015). "Gleaning New Perspectives by Measuring Body Proportions in Art". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 1 November 2021. Retrieved 10 September 2020.