Bombus ternarius (English Wikipedia)

"Wild About Utah". Bumblebee Queens of Spring. Bridgerland Audubon Society. Archived from the original on 17 September 2013. Retrieved 17 September 2013.

bugguide.net

Bartlett, Troy. "Bugguide.net". Bugguide. Iowa State University. Retrieved 17 September 2013.

bumblebee.org

Smith, Laura. "Bumblebee.org". Retrieved 17 September 2013.
Brodie, Laura (1999). Bumblebee Foraging Preferences: Differences Between Species and Individuals (PDF). University of Aberdeen.
"Bumblebee.org". Bumblebee mating, death, and hibernation. Bumblebee.org. Retrieved 17 September 2013.

discoverlife.org

"Discover Life". Bombus ternarius. UC Regents. Retrieved 4 October 2013.

doi.org

Cameron, S.A.; H.M. Hines; P.H. Williams (2007). "A comprehensive phylogeny of the bumble bees (Bombus)" (PDF). Biological Journal of the Linnean Society. 91: 161–188. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8312.2007.00784.x. Retrieved 4 October 2013.
Richards, O. W. (1946). "Observations on Bombus agrorum (Fabricius) (Hymen., Bomhidae)". Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society of London A. 21 (7–9): 66–71. doi:10.1111/j.1365-3032.1946.tb01090.x.
Cumber, R. A. (March 1949). "The Biology of Humble-bees". Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London. 100 (1): 1–45. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2311.1949.tb01420.x.
Silvola, Jouko (May 1984). "Respiration and energetics of the bumblebee Bombus terrestris queen". Ecography. 7 (2): 177–181. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0587.1984.tb01119.x.
Bourke, A. F. G.; Ratnie, F. L. W. (22 February 2001). "Kin-selected conflict in the bumble-bee Bombus terrestris (Hymenoptera: Apidae)". Proceedings of the Royal Society B. 1465. 268 (1465): 347–355. doi:10.1098/rspb.2000.1381. PMC 1088613. PMID 11270430.
Bourke, A. (29 December 1997). "Sex ratios in bumble bees". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B. 352 (1364): 1921–1933. Bibcode:1997RSPTB.352.1921B. doi:10.1098/rstb.1997.0179. PMC 1692165.
David P. Cowan & Julie K. Stahlhut (July 13, 2004). "Functionally reproductive diploid and haploid males in an inbreeding hymenopteran with complementary sex determination". PNAS. 101 (28): 10374–10379. Bibcode:2004PNAS..10110374C. doi:10.1073/pnas.0402481101. PMC 478579. PMID 15232002.
Duchateau, M. J.; H. Hoshiba; H. H. W. Velthuis (June 1994). "Diploid males in the bumble bee Bombus terrestris". Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata. 71 (3): 263–269. doi:10.1111/j.1570-7458.1994.tb01793.x. S2CID 83007738.
Elias, Jan; Dominique Mazzi; Silvia Dorn (June 2009). "No Need to Discriminate? Reproductive Diploid Males in a Parasitoid with Complementary Sex Determination". PLOS ONE. 4 (6): e6024. Bibcode:2009PLoSO...4.6024E. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0006024. PMC 2696080. PMID 19551142.
Free, J. B. (March 1955). "Queen production in colonies of bumblebees". Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society of London A. 30 (1–3): 19–25. doi:10.1111/j.1365-3032.1955.tb00164.x.
Pereboom, J. J. M. (2000). "The composition of larval food and the significance of exocrine secretions in the bumblebee Bombus terrestris" (PDF). Insectes Sociaux. 47 (1): 11–20. doi:10.1007/s000400050003. hdl:1874/1370. S2CID 23835466.
Pereboom, J. J. M.; H. H. W. Velthuis; M. J. Duchateau (April 2003). "The organisation of larval feeding in bumblebees (Hymenoptera, Apidae) and its significance to caste differentiation". Insectes Sociaux. 50 (2): 127–133. doi:10.1007/s00040-003-0639-7. S2CID 3203721.
Lopez-Vaamonde, Carlos; Ruth M. Browna; Eric R. Lucasa; Jeffrey J.M. Perebooma; William C. Jordana; Andrew F.G. Bourkea (March–April 2007). "Effect of the queen on worker reproduction and new queen production in the bumble bee Bombus terrestris". Apidologie. 2. 38 (2): 171–180. doi:10.1051/apido:2006070. S2CID 23357714. Retrieved 24 October 2013.
Röseler, P, F. (1970). "Unterschiede in der Kastendetermination zwischen den Hummelarten Bombus hypnorum und Bombus terrestris". Zeitschrift für Naturforschung. 25 (5): 543–548. doi:10.1515/znb-1970-0521. S2CID 94708052.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Peat, James; Dave Goulson (2005). "Effeccts of experience and weather on foraging rate and pollen versus nectar collection in the bumblebee, Bombus terrestris". Behav Ecol Sociobiol. 58 (2): 152–156. doi:10.1007/s00265-005-0916-8. S2CID 41364046.
Raine, Nigel; Lars Chittka (June 2007). "Pollen foraging: learning a complex motor skill by bumblebees (Bombus terrestris)". Naturwissenschaften. 94 (6): 459–464. Bibcode:2007NW.....94..459R. doi:10.1007/s00114-006-0184-0. PMID 17149583. S2CID 22912889.
Cresswell, James; Juliet Osborne; David Goulson (August 2000). "An economic model of the limits to foraging range in central place foragers with numerical solutions for bumblebees". Ecological Entomology. 25 (3): 249–255. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2311.2000.00264.x. S2CID 84292387.
Brian, M. V. (December 1966). "Social insect populations". Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society of London A. 41 (10–12): 174. doi:10.1111/j.1365-3032.1966.tb00339.x.
Hodges, Clayton; Larry Wolf (1981). "Optimal Foraging in Bumblebees: Why Is Nectar Left behind in Flowers?". Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology. 9 (1): 41–44. doi:10.1007/bf00299851. JSTOR 4599408. S2CID 40349527.
Röseler, P. F. (1967). "Arbeitsteilung und Drüsenzustände in Hummelvölkern". Naturwissenschaften. 54 (6): 146–147. Bibcode:1967NW.....54..146R. doi:10.1007/bf00625125. PMID 5584644. S2CID 40889450.
Pouvreau, A. (1989). "Contribution à l'étude du polyéthisme chez les bourdons, Bombus Latr. (Hymenoptera, Apidae)". Apidologie. 20 (3): 229–244. doi:10.1051/apido:19890305.

handle.net

hdl.handle.net

Pereboom, J. J. M. (2000). "The composition of larval food and the significance of exocrine secretions in the bumblebee Bombus terrestris" (PDF). Insectes Sociaux. 47 (1): 11–20. doi:10.1007/s000400050003. hdl:1874/1370. S2CID 23835466.

harvard.edu

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Bourke, A. (29 December 1997). "Sex ratios in bumble bees". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B. 352 (1364): 1921–1933. Bibcode:1997RSPTB.352.1921B. doi:10.1098/rstb.1997.0179. PMC 1692165.
David P. Cowan & Julie K. Stahlhut (July 13, 2004). "Functionally reproductive diploid and haploid males in an inbreeding hymenopteran with complementary sex determination". PNAS. 101 (28): 10374–10379. Bibcode:2004PNAS..10110374C. doi:10.1073/pnas.0402481101. PMC 478579. PMID 15232002.
Elias, Jan; Dominique Mazzi; Silvia Dorn (June 2009). "No Need to Discriminate? Reproductive Diploid Males in a Parasitoid with Complementary Sex Determination". PLOS ONE. 4 (6): e6024. Bibcode:2009PLoSO...4.6024E. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0006024. PMC 2696080. PMID 19551142.
Raine, Nigel; Lars Chittka (June 2007). "Pollen foraging: learning a complex motor skill by bumblebees (Bombus terrestris)". Naturwissenschaften. 94 (6): 459–464. Bibcode:2007NW.....94..459R. doi:10.1007/s00114-006-0184-0. PMID 17149583. S2CID 22912889.
Röseler, P. F. (1967). "Arbeitsteilung und Drüsenzustände in Hummelvölkern". Naturwissenschaften. 54 (6): 146–147. Bibcode:1967NW.....54..146R. doi:10.1007/bf00625125. PMID 5584644. S2CID 40889450.

illinois.edu

beespotter.mste.illinois.edu

"Bee Stings, BeeSpotter, University of Illinois". Beespotter.mste.illinois.edu. Retrieved 3 October 2013.

jstor.org

Hodges, Clayton; Larry Wolf (1981). "Optimal Foraging in Bumblebees: Why Is Nectar Left behind in Flowers?". Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology. 9 (1): 41–44. doi:10.1007/bf00299851. JSTOR 4599408. S2CID 40349527.

maine.edu

umext.maine.edu

University of Maine Cooperative Extension. "Understanding Native Bees, the Great Pollinators: Enhancing Their Habitat in Maine". Archived from the original on 2006-09-03. Retrieved 2006-08-30.

nhm.ac.uk

Cameron, S.A.; H.M. Hines; P.H. Williams (2007). "A comprehensive phylogeny of the bumble bees (Bombus)" (PDF). Biological Journal of the Linnean Society. 91: 161–188. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8312.2007.00784.x. Retrieved 4 October 2013.

nih.gov

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Bourke, A. F. G.; Ratnie, F. L. W. (22 February 2001). "Kin-selected conflict in the bumble-bee Bombus terrestris (Hymenoptera: Apidae)". Proceedings of the Royal Society B. 1465. 268 (1465): 347–355. doi:10.1098/rspb.2000.1381. PMC 1088613. PMID 11270430.
David P. Cowan & Julie K. Stahlhut (July 13, 2004). "Functionally reproductive diploid and haploid males in an inbreeding hymenopteran with complementary sex determination". PNAS. 101 (28): 10374–10379. Bibcode:2004PNAS..10110374C. doi:10.1073/pnas.0402481101. PMC 478579. PMID 15232002.
Elias, Jan; Dominique Mazzi; Silvia Dorn (June 2009). "No Need to Discriminate? Reproductive Diploid Males in a Parasitoid with Complementary Sex Determination". PLOS ONE. 4 (6): e6024. Bibcode:2009PLoSO...4.6024E. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0006024. PMC 2696080. PMID 19551142.
Raine, Nigel; Lars Chittka (June 2007). "Pollen foraging: learning a complex motor skill by bumblebees (Bombus terrestris)". Naturwissenschaften. 94 (6): 459–464. Bibcode:2007NW.....94..459R. doi:10.1007/s00114-006-0184-0. PMID 17149583. S2CID 22912889.
Röseler, P. F. (1967). "Arbeitsteilung und Drüsenzustände in Hummelvölkern". Naturwissenschaften. 54 (6): 146–147. Bibcode:1967NW.....54..146R. doi:10.1007/bf00625125. PMID 5584644. S2CID 40889450.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Bourke, A. F. G.; Ratnie, F. L. W. (22 February 2001). "Kin-selected conflict in the bumble-bee Bombus terrestris (Hymenoptera: Apidae)". Proceedings of the Royal Society B. 1465. 268 (1465): 347–355. doi:10.1098/rspb.2000.1381. PMC 1088613. PMID 11270430.
Bourke, A. (29 December 1997). "Sex ratios in bumble bees". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B. 352 (1364): 1921–1933. Bibcode:1997RSPTB.352.1921B. doi:10.1098/rstb.1997.0179. PMC 1692165.
David P. Cowan & Julie K. Stahlhut (July 13, 2004). "Functionally reproductive diploid and haploid males in an inbreeding hymenopteran with complementary sex determination". PNAS. 101 (28): 10374–10379. Bibcode:2004PNAS..10110374C. doi:10.1073/pnas.0402481101. PMC 478579. PMID 15232002.
Elias, Jan; Dominique Mazzi; Silvia Dorn (June 2009). "No Need to Discriminate? Reproductive Diploid Males in a Parasitoid with Complementary Sex Determination". PLOS ONE. 4 (6): e6024. Bibcode:2009PLoSO...4.6024E. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0006024. PMC 2696080. PMID 19551142.

semanticscholar.org

api.semanticscholar.org

Duchateau, M. J.; H. Hoshiba; H. H. W. Velthuis (June 1994). "Diploid males in the bumble bee Bombus terrestris". Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata. 71 (3): 263–269. doi:10.1111/j.1570-7458.1994.tb01793.x. S2CID 83007738.
Pereboom, J. J. M. (2000). "The composition of larval food and the significance of exocrine secretions in the bumblebee Bombus terrestris" (PDF). Insectes Sociaux. 47 (1): 11–20. doi:10.1007/s000400050003. hdl:1874/1370. S2CID 23835466.
Pereboom, J. J. M.; H. H. W. Velthuis; M. J. Duchateau (April 2003). "The organisation of larval feeding in bumblebees (Hymenoptera, Apidae) and its significance to caste differentiation". Insectes Sociaux. 50 (2): 127–133. doi:10.1007/s00040-003-0639-7. S2CID 3203721.
Lopez-Vaamonde, Carlos; Ruth M. Browna; Eric R. Lucasa; Jeffrey J.M. Perebooma; William C. Jordana; Andrew F.G. Bourkea (March–April 2007). "Effect of the queen on worker reproduction and new queen production in the bumble bee Bombus terrestris". Apidologie. 2. 38 (2): 171–180. doi:10.1051/apido:2006070. S2CID 23357714. Retrieved 24 October 2013.
Röseler, P, F. (1970). "Unterschiede in der Kastendetermination zwischen den Hummelarten Bombus hypnorum und Bombus terrestris". Zeitschrift für Naturforschung. 25 (5): 543–548. doi:10.1515/znb-1970-0521. S2CID 94708052.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Peat, James; Dave Goulson (2005). "Effeccts of experience and weather on foraging rate and pollen versus nectar collection in the bumblebee, Bombus terrestris". Behav Ecol Sociobiol. 58 (2): 152–156. doi:10.1007/s00265-005-0916-8. S2CID 41364046.
Raine, Nigel; Lars Chittka (June 2007). "Pollen foraging: learning a complex motor skill by bumblebees (Bombus terrestris)". Naturwissenschaften. 94 (6): 459–464. Bibcode:2007NW.....94..459R. doi:10.1007/s00114-006-0184-0. PMID 17149583. S2CID 22912889.
Cresswell, James; Juliet Osborne; David Goulson (August 2000). "An economic model of the limits to foraging range in central place foragers with numerical solutions for bumblebees". Ecological Entomology. 25 (3): 249–255. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2311.2000.00264.x. S2CID 84292387.
Hodges, Clayton; Larry Wolf (1981). "Optimal Foraging in Bumblebees: Why Is Nectar Left behind in Flowers?". Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology. 9 (1): 41–44. doi:10.1007/bf00299851. JSTOR 4599408. S2CID 40349527.
Röseler, P. F. (1967). "Arbeitsteilung und Drüsenzustände in Hummelvölkern". Naturwissenschaften. 54 (6): 146–147. Bibcode:1967NW.....54..146R. doi:10.1007/bf00625125. PMID 5584644. S2CID 40889450.

straightdope.com

"Do bumblebees sting? Once or many times?". Straight Dope. Archived from the original on 30 December 2007. Retrieved 3 October 2013.

uniteddiversity.coop

library.uniteddiversity.coop

Goulson, Dave (2010). Behaviour, Ecology, and Conservation (PDF). Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780199553068. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-10-29. Retrieved 2013-09-17.

uu.nl

dspace.library.uu.nl

Pereboom, J. J. M. (2000). "The composition of larval food and the significance of exocrine secretions in the bumblebee Bombus terrestris" (PDF). Insectes Sociaux. 47 (1): 11–20. doi:10.1007/s000400050003. hdl:1874/1370. S2CID 23835466.

uwlax.edu

bioweb.uwlax.edu

Chang, Foua. "Bombus ternarius Bio 210". University of Wisconsin La Crosse. Retrieved 17 September 2013.

web.archive.org

University of Maine Cooperative Extension. "Understanding Native Bees, the Great Pollinators: Enhancing Their Habitat in Maine". Archived from the original on 2006-09-03. Retrieved 2006-08-30.
Goulson, Dave (2010). Behaviour, Ecology, and Conservation (PDF). Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780199553068. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-10-29. Retrieved 2013-09-17.
"Do bumblebees sting? Once or many times?". Straight Dope. Archived from the original on 30 December 2007. Retrieved 3 October 2013.

wildaboututah.org

"Wild About Utah". Bumblebee Queens of Spring. Bridgerland Audubon Society. Archived from the original on 17 September 2013. Retrieved 17 September 2013.