Bona Dea (English Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Bona Dea" in English language version.

refsWebsite

Global rank English rank

37books.google.com

3^rd place

12worldcat.org

5^th place

10doi.org

2^nd place

10semanticscholar.org

11^th place

8^th place

3uchicago.edu

230^th place

214^th place

2jstor.org

26^th place

20^th place

1questia.com

1,201^st place

770^th place

1web.archive.org

1^st place

1archive.today

14^th place

1persee.fr

515^th place

1,261^st place

1tufts.edu

155^th place

138^th place

archive.today

The proverbial phrase "Caesar's wife must be above suspicion" is based on Caesar's own justification of this divorce, following the scandal. See Cicero, Letters to Atticus, 1.13; Plutarch, Caesar 9-10; Cassius Dio, Roman History 37.45 and Suetonius, Julius 6.2 and 74.2 Archived 2012-05-30 at archive.today

books.google.com

Brouwer 1989, pp. 163, 211–212, 325–327, 339. Brouwer, Hendrik H. J. (1989). Bona Dea: The Sources and a Description of the Cult. Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-08606-7.
Brouwer 1989, pp. 236–238. Brouwer, Hendrik H. J. (1989). Bona Dea: The Sources and a Description of the Cult. Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-08606-7.
Brouwer 1989, p. 323. Brouwer, Hendrik H. J. (1989). Bona Dea: The Sources and a Description of the Cult. Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-08606-7.
Staples 1998, p. 14, cites Dumézil's theory that "Damia" was probably an ancient misreading or mistranslation of "Demeter", later institutionalised. Staples, Ariadne (1998). From Good Goddess to Vestal Virgins: Sex and Category in Roman Religion. Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-13233-6.
Brouwer 1989, pp. 237–238, 240–242, citing Festus, Epitome of Flaccus, de Verborum Significatu Brouwer, Hendrik H. J. (1989). Bona Dea: The Sources and a Description of the Cult. Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-08606-7.
Cornelius Labeo seems to have drawn this theology from the work of Varro. See Brouwer 1989, p. 356 (footnote 255) Brouwer, Hendrik H. J. (1989). Bona Dea: The Sources and a Description of the Cult. Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-08606-7.
Brouwer 1989, pp. 239, citing Lactantius, Divinae Institutiones, 1, 22, 9–11 Brouwer, Hendrik H. J. (1989). Bona Dea: The Sources and a Description of the Cult. Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-08606-7.
Brouwer 1989, p. 398: "And considering the fact that the aristocracy were only a small percentage of the population, it is not surprising that most expressions of Bona Dea worship originate from the lower classes." Brouwer, Hendrik H. J. (1989). Bona Dea: The Sources and a Description of the Cult. Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-08606-7.
Wildfang 2006, pp. 92–93, citing Cicero, De Domo Sua, 53.136. Wildfang, Robin Lorsch (2006). Rome's Vestal Virgins. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 978-0-203-96838-3.
Brouwer 1989, p. 398. Brouwer, Hendrik H. J. (1989). Bona Dea: The Sources and a Description of the Cult. Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-08606-7.
Winter festival summary based on Brouwer (1989) as summarised in Versnel 1992, p. 32, and Wildfang 2006, p. 31. For Roman sources, cf. Plutarch, Lives: Life of Caesar, ix (711E), Life of Cicero, xix (870B); Juvenal, vi.339 (a satirical treatment); and Plutarch, Roman Questions, (Loeb), 20–35, available via link to Bill Thayer's website Versnel, H. S. (1992). "The Festival for Bona Dea and the Thesmophoria". Greece & Rome. 39 (1): 31–55. doi:10.1017/S0017383500023974. ISSN 1477-4550. S2CID 162683316. Wildfang, Robin Lorsch (2006). Rome's Vestal Virgins. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 978-0-203-96838-3.
Beard, Price & North 1998, pp. 129–130, 296–7. Clodius' mere presence would have been sacrilegious: the possibility of his intrusion for sexual conquest would be an even more serious offense against Bona Dea. See also Brouwer, p. xxiii, and Herbert-Brown 1994, p. 134 Beard, Mary; Price, S; North, J (1998). Religions of Rome: a history. Vol. 1. Cambridge University Press. Herbert-Brown, Geraldine (1994). Ovid and the Fasti: An Historical Study. Clarendon Press. ISBN 978-0-19-814935-4.
Herbert-Brown 1994, pp. 134, 141–143. Herbert-Brown, Geraldine (1994). Ovid and the Fasti: An Historical Study. Clarendon Press. ISBN 978-0-19-814935-4.
Beard, Price & North 1998, pp. 129–130, 296–7. In 59 BC, to further his political career, which otherwise might have stalled, Clodius renounced his patrician status for a questionable adoption into a plebeian gens, and was elected tribune of the people. To his opponents, he was a dangerous social renegade; he was murdered in 53. Beard, Mary; Price, S; North, J (1998). Religions of Rome: a history. Vol. 1. Cambridge University Press.
Herbert-Brown 1994, pp. 141–143. Herbert-Brown, Geraldine (1994). Ovid and the Fasti: An Historical Study. Clarendon Press. ISBN 978-0-19-814935-4.
Herbert-Brown 1994, p. 146. Herbert-Brown, Geraldine (1994). Ovid and the Fasti: An Historical Study. Clarendon Press. ISBN 978-0-19-814935-4.
Phyllis Cunham, in Harriet Flower (ed), The Cambridge Companion to the Roman Republic, Cambridge University Press, 2004, p. 155.googlebooks partial preview. Livia's association with the Vestal Licinia is itself not unproblematic. Licinia was tried on an almost certainly trumped-up charge of broken chastity, acquitted, then re-tried, found guilty, and executed on the strength of two prophecies in the Sibylline books. She was a contemporary of the Gracchi, and was probably a victim of the turbulent factional politics of the time. Livia's actions may also have helped to repair and elevate Licinia's posthumous reputation. Augustus is known to have called in, examined and censored many oracles, including the Sybilline books. According to Herbert-Brown 1994, p. 144, he might have removed the prophecies that had been used to condemn Licinia. Herbert-Brown, Geraldine (1994). Ovid and the Fasti: An Historical Study. Clarendon Press. ISBN 978-0-19-814935-4.
Herbert-Brown 1994, pp. 130, citing Ovid, Fasti V. 148–158. As a non-divinity, Livia could not have appeared on the religious calendar. Claudius deified her long after her death. Herbert-Brown, Geraldine (1994). Ovid and the Fasti: An Historical Study. Clarendon Press. ISBN 978-0-19-814935-4.
Brouwer 1989, pp. 237–238. Brouwer, Hendrik H. J. (1989). Bona Dea: The Sources and a Description of the Cult. Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-08606-7.
Brouwer 1989, p. 412. Brouwer, Hendrik H. J. (1989). Bona Dea: The Sources and a Description of the Cult. Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-08606-7.
Brouwer 1989, pp. 402, 407. Brouwer, Hendrik H. J. (1989). Bona Dea: The Sources and a Description of the Cult. Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-08606-7.
Wildfang 2006, pp. 92–93, citing Cicero, De Domo Sua, 53.136. Licinia may have been attempting to assert the independence of her order against the dominant traditionalists in of the Senate. Scaevola removed her donations as not made "by the will of the people". Thereafter, the Temple's official status is unknown until Livia's restoration in the Augustan era. Wildfang, Robin Lorsch (2006). Rome's Vestal Virgins. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 978-0-203-96838-3.
Brouwer 1989, pp. 410, 429. Brouwer, Hendrik H. J. (1989). Bona Dea: The Sources and a Description of the Cult. Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-08606-7.
Brouwer 1989, p. 258. Brouwer, Hendrik H. J. (1989). Bona Dea: The Sources and a Description of the Cult. Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-08606-7.
Brouwer 1989, pp. 384–386. Brouwer, Hendrik H. J. (1989). Bona Dea: The Sources and a Description of the Cult. Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-08606-7.
Brouwer 1989, p. 21. Brouwer, Hendrik H. J. (1989). Bona Dea: The Sources and a Description of the Cult. Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-08606-7.
Brouwer 1989, pp. 79–80. Brouwer, Hendrik H. J. (1989). Bona Dea: The Sources and a Description of the Cult. Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-08606-7.
Brouwer 1989, p. 401: Macrobius may have been referring to her Aventine cult statue (now lost): cf. the sceptre as an attribute of Juno, and a dedication at Aquincum to Bonae Deae Iunoni. Brouwer, Hendrik H. J. (1989). Bona Dea: The Sources and a Description of the Cult. Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-08606-7.
III, Radcliffe G. Edmonds (2013-11-07). Redefining Ancient Orphism: A Study in Greek Religion. Cambridge University Press. p. 178. ISBN 978-1-107-03821-9.
Brouwer 1989, pp. 340–341. Brouwer, Hendrik H. J. (1989). Bona Dea: The Sources and a Description of the Cult. Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-08606-7.
Brouwer 1989, pp. 218, 221. Brouwer, Hendrik H. J. (1989). Bona Dea: The Sources and a Description of the Cult. Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-08606-7.
Prohibitions against the handling of wine and the preparation of meat by Roman women occur in Roman literature as retrospective examples of time-hallowed tradition, in which the Vestals, whose duties include the supervision of Bona Dea's rites, are the significant exception. Some modern scholarship challenges these traditional assumptions. While female drunkenness was disapproved of, so was male drunkenness, and the moderate consumption of wine by women was probably a commonplace of domestic and religious life. Lawful blood-and-wine sacrifice is indicated many female-led cults, particularly in Graeca Magna and Etruria. See Emily A. Hemelrijk, in Hekster, Schmidt-Hofner and Witschel (Eds.), Ritual Dynamics and Religious Change in the Roman Empire, Proceedings of the Eighth Workshop of the International Network Impact of Empire (Heidelberg, July 5–7, 2007), Brill, 2009, pp. 253–267.
Versnel 1992, p. 32: "...the most surprising aspect is the nature of the drinks: during this secret, exclusively female, nocturnal festival the women were allowed to drink – at the very least to handle – wine". See also Versnel 1992, p. 45, and Wildfang 2006, p. 31. Versnel, H. S. (1992). "The Festival for Bona Dea and the Thesmophoria". Greece & Rome. 39 (1): 31–55. doi:10.1017/S0017383500023974. ISSN 1477-4550. S2CID 162683316. Versnel, H. S. (1992). "The Festival for Bona Dea and the Thesmophoria". Greece & Rome. 39 (1): 31–55. doi:10.1017/S0017383500023974. ISSN 1477-4550. S2CID 162683316. Wildfang, Robin Lorsch (2006). Rome's Vestal Virgins. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 978-0-203-96838-3.
Modern scholarship on the Vestals is summarised in Parker 2004, pp. 563–601. See also discussion in Wildfang 2006, pp. 31–32. Parker, Holt N. (2004). "Why Were the Vestals Virgins? Or the Chastity of Women and the Safety of the Roman State". The American Journal of Philology. 125 (4): 563–601. ISSN 0002-9475. JSTOR 1562224. Wildfang, Robin Lorsch (2006). Rome's Vestal Virgins. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 978-0-203-96838-3.
Versnel, H.S., Inconsistencies in Greek and Roman Religion: Transition and reversal in myth and ritual, BRILL, 1994, p. 233. Brouwer 1989 regards the wine as a substitution for earlier sacrifices of milk and honey. Brouwer, Hendrik H. J. (1989). Bona Dea: The Sources and a Description of the Cult. Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-08606-7.
Staples 1998, pp. 85–90. Staples, Ariadne (1998). From Good Goddess to Vestal Virgins: Sex and Category in Roman Religion. Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-13233-6.
Staples 1998, pp. 125–126. Staples, Ariadne (1998). From Good Goddess to Vestal Virgins: Sex and Category in Roman Religion. Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-13233-6.

doi.org

Versnel 1992, pp. 31–33. Versnel, H. S. (1992). "The Festival for Bona Dea and the Thesmophoria". Greece & Rome. 39 (1): 31–55. doi:10.1017/S0017383500023974. ISSN 1477-4550. S2CID 162683316.
Winter festival summary based on Brouwer (1989) as summarised in Versnel 1992, p. 32, and Wildfang 2006, p. 31. For Roman sources, cf. Plutarch, Lives: Life of Caesar, ix (711E), Life of Cicero, xix (870B); Juvenal, vi.339 (a satirical treatment); and Plutarch, Roman Questions, (Loeb), 20–35, available via link to Bill Thayer's website Versnel, H. S. (1992). "The Festival for Bona Dea and the Thesmophoria". Greece & Rome. 39 (1): 31–55. doi:10.1017/S0017383500023974. ISSN 1477-4550. S2CID 162683316. Wildfang, Robin Lorsch (2006). Rome's Vestal Virgins. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 978-0-203-96838-3.
Versnel 1992, p. 44. Versnel, H. S. (1992). "The Festival for Bona Dea and the Thesmophoria". Greece & Rome. 39 (1): 31–55. doi:10.1017/S0017383500023974. ISSN 1477-4550. S2CID 162683316.
Versnel 1992, p. 46; citing Plutarch, Roman Questions, 35: cf. Arnobius, Adversus Nationes, 5.18: Lactantius Divinae Institutiones, 1.22.9–11: Servius, In Aeneidos, 8, 314.. Versnel, H. S. (1992). "The Festival for Bona Dea and the Thesmophoria". Greece & Rome. 39 (1): 31–55. doi:10.1017/S0017383500023974. ISSN 1477-4550. S2CID 162683316.
Versnel 1992, pp. 35, 47 Thesomphoria was a three-day festival; its participants, exclusively female, slept on "primitive" beds made of lugos, a willow species known to the Romans as agnos, or vitex agnus castis: supposedly an infertile tree, and a strong anaphrodisiac. Though wine is not attested at Thesmophoria, it may have been used. Like the Vestals, Demeter's priestesses were virgin. Versnel, H. S. (1992). "The Festival for Bona Dea and the Thesmophoria". Greece & Rome. 39 (1): 31–55. doi:10.1017/S0017383500023974. ISSN 1477-4550. S2CID 162683316.
Aulus Gellius, Noctes Atticae, 10.23.1. He claims the principal source for this prohibition is the 2nd century BC agriculturalist and moralist, Cato the Elder. See also Versnel 1992, p. 44. Versnel, H. S. (1992). "The Festival for Bona Dea and the Thesmophoria". Greece & Rome. 39 (1): 31–55. doi:10.1017/S0017383500023974. ISSN 1477-4550. S2CID 162683316.
Versnel 1992, p. 32: "...the most surprising aspect is the nature of the drinks: during this secret, exclusively female, nocturnal festival the women were allowed to drink – at the very least to handle – wine". See also Versnel 1992, p. 45, and Wildfang 2006, p. 31. Versnel, H. S. (1992). "The Festival for Bona Dea and the Thesmophoria". Greece & Rome. 39 (1): 31–55. doi:10.1017/S0017383500023974. ISSN 1477-4550. S2CID 162683316. Versnel, H. S. (1992). "The Festival for Bona Dea and the Thesmophoria". Greece & Rome. 39 (1): 31–55. doi:10.1017/S0017383500023974. ISSN 1477-4550. S2CID 162683316. Wildfang, Robin Lorsch (2006). Rome's Vestal Virgins. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 978-0-203-96838-3.
Versnel 1992, p. 45. Versnel, H. S. (1992). "The Festival for Bona Dea and the Thesmophoria". Greece & Rome. 39 (1): 31–55. doi:10.1017/S0017383500023974. ISSN 1477-4550. S2CID 162683316.
Versnel 1992, p. 45, citing Graf F., "Milch, Honig und Wein. Zum Verstindnis der Libation im Griechischen Ritual', In G. Piccaluga (ed.), Perennitas. Studi in onore di A. Brelich, Rome, 1980, pp. 209–21. Some myths credit Liber-Dionysus with the discovery of honey; but not its invention. Versnel, H. S. (1992). "The Festival for Bona Dea and the Thesmophoria". Greece & Rome. 39 (1): 31–55. doi:10.1017/S0017383500023974. ISSN 1477-4550. S2CID 162683316.
Versnel 1992, p. 45: "On the other hand, the mimicry may also have functioned as fuel for 'laughter of the oppressed"... "'say, dear, would you be so kind as to pass on the milk?'" Versnel, H. S. (1992). "The Festival for Bona Dea and the Thesmophoria". Greece & Rome. 39 (1): 31–55. doi:10.1017/S0017383500023974. ISSN 1477-4550. S2CID 162683316.

jstor.org

Parker 2004, p. 571. Parker, Holt N. (2004). "Why Were the Vestals Virgins? Or the Chastity of Women and the Safety of the Roman State". The American Journal of Philology. 125 (4): 563–601. ISSN 0002-9475. JSTOR 1562224.
Modern scholarship on the Vestals is summarised in Parker 2004, pp. 563–601. See also discussion in Wildfang 2006, pp. 31–32. Parker, Holt N. (2004). "Why Were the Vestals Virgins? Or the Chastity of Women and the Safety of the Roman State". The American Journal of Philology. 125 (4): 563–601. ISSN 0002-9475. JSTOR 1562224. Wildfang, Robin Lorsch (2006). Rome's Vestal Virgins. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 978-0-203-96838-3.

persee.fr

Franz Cumont, "La Bona Dea et ses serpents", Mélanges d'archéologie et d'histoire, 1932, Vol. 49, Issue 49, pp. 1–5. link to French language article at Persée.

questia.com

See W. Warde Fowler, The Roman Festivals of the period of the Republic, MacMillan (New York, 1899): pp. 102–106. [1] Archived 2012-06-24 at the Wayback Machine

semanticscholar.org

api.semanticscholar.org

Versnel 1992, pp. 31–33. Versnel, H. S. (1992). "The Festival for Bona Dea and the Thesmophoria". Greece & Rome. 39 (1): 31–55. doi:10.1017/S0017383500023974. ISSN 1477-4550. S2CID 162683316.
Winter festival summary based on Brouwer (1989) as summarised in Versnel 1992, p. 32, and Wildfang 2006, p. 31. For Roman sources, cf. Plutarch, Lives: Life of Caesar, ix (711E), Life of Cicero, xix (870B); Juvenal, vi.339 (a satirical treatment); and Plutarch, Roman Questions, (Loeb), 20–35, available via link to Bill Thayer's website Versnel, H. S. (1992). "The Festival for Bona Dea and the Thesmophoria". Greece & Rome. 39 (1): 31–55. doi:10.1017/S0017383500023974. ISSN 1477-4550. S2CID 162683316. Wildfang, Robin Lorsch (2006). Rome's Vestal Virgins. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 978-0-203-96838-3.
Versnel 1992, p. 44. Versnel, H. S. (1992). "The Festival for Bona Dea and the Thesmophoria". Greece & Rome. 39 (1): 31–55. doi:10.1017/S0017383500023974. ISSN 1477-4550. S2CID 162683316.
Versnel 1992, p. 46; citing Plutarch, Roman Questions, 35: cf. Arnobius, Adversus Nationes, 5.18: Lactantius Divinae Institutiones, 1.22.9–11: Servius, In Aeneidos, 8, 314.. Versnel, H. S. (1992). "The Festival for Bona Dea and the Thesmophoria". Greece & Rome. 39 (1): 31–55. doi:10.1017/S0017383500023974. ISSN 1477-4550. S2CID 162683316.
Versnel 1992, pp. 35, 47 Thesomphoria was a three-day festival; its participants, exclusively female, slept on "primitive" beds made of lugos, a willow species known to the Romans as agnos, or vitex agnus castis: supposedly an infertile tree, and a strong anaphrodisiac. Though wine is not attested at Thesmophoria, it may have been used. Like the Vestals, Demeter's priestesses were virgin. Versnel, H. S. (1992). "The Festival for Bona Dea and the Thesmophoria". Greece & Rome. 39 (1): 31–55. doi:10.1017/S0017383500023974. ISSN 1477-4550. S2CID 162683316.
Aulus Gellius, Noctes Atticae, 10.23.1. He claims the principal source for this prohibition is the 2nd century BC agriculturalist and moralist, Cato the Elder. See also Versnel 1992, p. 44. Versnel, H. S. (1992). "The Festival for Bona Dea and the Thesmophoria". Greece & Rome. 39 (1): 31–55. doi:10.1017/S0017383500023974. ISSN 1477-4550. S2CID 162683316.
Versnel 1992, p. 32: "...the most surprising aspect is the nature of the drinks: during this secret, exclusively female, nocturnal festival the women were allowed to drink – at the very least to handle – wine". See also Versnel 1992, p. 45, and Wildfang 2006, p. 31. Versnel, H. S. (1992). "The Festival for Bona Dea and the Thesmophoria". Greece & Rome. 39 (1): 31–55. doi:10.1017/S0017383500023974. ISSN 1477-4550. S2CID 162683316. Versnel, H. S. (1992). "The Festival for Bona Dea and the Thesmophoria". Greece & Rome. 39 (1): 31–55. doi:10.1017/S0017383500023974. ISSN 1477-4550. S2CID 162683316. Wildfang, Robin Lorsch (2006). Rome's Vestal Virgins. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 978-0-203-96838-3.
Versnel 1992, p. 45. Versnel, H. S. (1992). "The Festival for Bona Dea and the Thesmophoria". Greece & Rome. 39 (1): 31–55. doi:10.1017/S0017383500023974. ISSN 1477-4550. S2CID 162683316.
Versnel 1992, p. 45, citing Graf F., "Milch, Honig und Wein. Zum Verstindnis der Libation im Griechischen Ritual', In G. Piccaluga (ed.), Perennitas. Studi in onore di A. Brelich, Rome, 1980, pp. 209–21. Some myths credit Liber-Dionysus with the discovery of honey; but not its invention. Versnel, H. S. (1992). "The Festival for Bona Dea and the Thesmophoria". Greece & Rome. 39 (1): 31–55. doi:10.1017/S0017383500023974. ISSN 1477-4550. S2CID 162683316.
Versnel 1992, p. 45: "On the other hand, the mimicry may also have functioned as fuel for 'laughter of the oppressed"... "'say, dear, would you be so kind as to pass on the milk?'" Versnel, H. S. (1992). "The Festival for Bona Dea and the Thesmophoria". Greece & Rome. 39 (1): 31–55. doi:10.1017/S0017383500023974. ISSN 1477-4550. S2CID 162683316.

tufts.edu

perseus.tufts.edu

Aulus Gellius, Noctes Atticae, 10.23.1. He claims the principal source for this prohibition is the 2nd century BC agriculturalist and moralist, Cato the Elder. See also Versnel 1992, p. 44. Versnel, H. S. (1992). "The Festival for Bona Dea and the Thesmophoria". Greece & Rome. 39 (1): 31–55. doi:10.1017/S0017383500023974. ISSN 1477-4550. S2CID 162683316.

uchicago.edu

penelope.uchicago.edu

Winter festival summary based on Brouwer (1989) as summarised in Versnel 1992, p. 32, and Wildfang 2006, p. 31. For Roman sources, cf. Plutarch, Lives: Life of Caesar, ix (711E), Life of Cicero, xix (870B); Juvenal, vi.339 (a satirical treatment); and Plutarch, Roman Questions, (Loeb), 20–35, available via link to Bill Thayer's website Versnel, H. S. (1992). "The Festival for Bona Dea and the Thesmophoria". Greece & Rome. 39 (1): 31–55. doi:10.1017/S0017383500023974. ISSN 1477-4550. S2CID 162683316. Wildfang, Robin Lorsch (2006). Rome's Vestal Virgins. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 978-0-203-96838-3.
The proverbial phrase "Caesar's wife must be above suspicion" is based on Caesar's own justification of this divorce, following the scandal. See Cicero, Letters to Atticus, 1.13; Plutarch, Caesar 9-10; Cassius Dio, Roman History 37.45 and Suetonius, Julius 6.2 and 74.2 Archived 2012-05-30 at archive.today
Samuel Ball Platner (revised by Thomas Ashby): A Topographical Dictionary of Ancient Rome, London: Oxford University Press, 1929, p.85.courtesy link to Bill Thayer's website

web.archive.org

See W. Warde Fowler, The Roman Festivals of the period of the Republic, MacMillan (New York, 1899): pp. 102–106. [1] Archived 2012-06-24 at the Wayback Machine

worldcat.org

search.worldcat.org

Versnel 1992, pp. 31–33. Versnel, H. S. (1992). "The Festival for Bona Dea and the Thesmophoria". Greece & Rome. 39 (1): 31–55. doi:10.1017/S0017383500023974. ISSN 1477-4550. S2CID 162683316.
Winter festival summary based on Brouwer (1989) as summarised in Versnel 1992, p. 32, and Wildfang 2006, p. 31. For Roman sources, cf. Plutarch, Lives: Life of Caesar, ix (711E), Life of Cicero, xix (870B); Juvenal, vi.339 (a satirical treatment); and Plutarch, Roman Questions, (Loeb), 20–35, available via link to Bill Thayer's website Versnel, H. S. (1992). "The Festival for Bona Dea and the Thesmophoria". Greece & Rome. 39 (1): 31–55. doi:10.1017/S0017383500023974. ISSN 1477-4550. S2CID 162683316. Wildfang, Robin Lorsch (2006). Rome's Vestal Virgins. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 978-0-203-96838-3.
Versnel 1992, p. 44. Versnel, H. S. (1992). "The Festival for Bona Dea and the Thesmophoria". Greece & Rome. 39 (1): 31–55. doi:10.1017/S0017383500023974. ISSN 1477-4550. S2CID 162683316.
Parker 2004, p. 571. Parker, Holt N. (2004). "Why Were the Vestals Virgins? Or the Chastity of Women and the Safety of the Roman State". The American Journal of Philology. 125 (4): 563–601. ISSN 0002-9475. JSTOR 1562224.
Versnel 1992, p. 46; citing Plutarch, Roman Questions, 35: cf. Arnobius, Adversus Nationes, 5.18: Lactantius Divinae Institutiones, 1.22.9–11: Servius, In Aeneidos, 8, 314.. Versnel, H. S. (1992). "The Festival for Bona Dea and the Thesmophoria". Greece & Rome. 39 (1): 31–55. doi:10.1017/S0017383500023974. ISSN 1477-4550. S2CID 162683316.
Versnel 1992, pp. 35, 47 Thesomphoria was a three-day festival; its participants, exclusively female, slept on "primitive" beds made of lugos, a willow species known to the Romans as agnos, or vitex agnus castis: supposedly an infertile tree, and a strong anaphrodisiac. Though wine is not attested at Thesmophoria, it may have been used. Like the Vestals, Demeter's priestesses were virgin. Versnel, H. S. (1992). "The Festival for Bona Dea and the Thesmophoria". Greece & Rome. 39 (1): 31–55. doi:10.1017/S0017383500023974. ISSN 1477-4550. S2CID 162683316.
Aulus Gellius, Noctes Atticae, 10.23.1. He claims the principal source for this prohibition is the 2nd century BC agriculturalist and moralist, Cato the Elder. See also Versnel 1992, p. 44. Versnel, H. S. (1992). "The Festival for Bona Dea and the Thesmophoria". Greece & Rome. 39 (1): 31–55. doi:10.1017/S0017383500023974. ISSN 1477-4550. S2CID 162683316.
Versnel 1992, p. 32: "...the most surprising aspect is the nature of the drinks: during this secret, exclusively female, nocturnal festival the women were allowed to drink – at the very least to handle – wine". See also Versnel 1992, p. 45, and Wildfang 2006, p. 31. Versnel, H. S. (1992). "The Festival for Bona Dea and the Thesmophoria". Greece & Rome. 39 (1): 31–55. doi:10.1017/S0017383500023974. ISSN 1477-4550. S2CID 162683316. Versnel, H. S. (1992). "The Festival for Bona Dea and the Thesmophoria". Greece & Rome. 39 (1): 31–55. doi:10.1017/S0017383500023974. ISSN 1477-4550. S2CID 162683316. Wildfang, Robin Lorsch (2006). Rome's Vestal Virgins. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 978-0-203-96838-3.
Modern scholarship on the Vestals is summarised in Parker 2004, pp. 563–601. See also discussion in Wildfang 2006, pp. 31–32. Parker, Holt N. (2004). "Why Were the Vestals Virgins? Or the Chastity of Women and the Safety of the Roman State". The American Journal of Philology. 125 (4): 563–601. ISSN 0002-9475. JSTOR 1562224. Wildfang, Robin Lorsch (2006). Rome's Vestal Virgins. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 978-0-203-96838-3.
Versnel 1992, p. 45. Versnel, H. S. (1992). "The Festival for Bona Dea and the Thesmophoria". Greece & Rome. 39 (1): 31–55. doi:10.1017/S0017383500023974. ISSN 1477-4550. S2CID 162683316.
Versnel 1992, p. 45, citing Graf F., "Milch, Honig und Wein. Zum Verstindnis der Libation im Griechischen Ritual', In G. Piccaluga (ed.), Perennitas. Studi in onore di A. Brelich, Rome, 1980, pp. 209–21. Some myths credit Liber-Dionysus with the discovery of honey; but not its invention. Versnel, H. S. (1992). "The Festival for Bona Dea and the Thesmophoria". Greece & Rome. 39 (1): 31–55. doi:10.1017/S0017383500023974. ISSN 1477-4550. S2CID 162683316.
Versnel 1992, p. 45: "On the other hand, the mimicry may also have functioned as fuel for 'laughter of the oppressed"... "'say, dear, would you be so kind as to pass on the milk?'" Versnel, H. S. (1992). "The Festival for Bona Dea and the Thesmophoria". Greece & Rome. 39 (1): 31–55. doi:10.1017/S0017383500023974. ISSN 1477-4550. S2CID 162683316.