Book of Job (English Wikipedia)

Crenshaw, J.L. (2001). "17. Job". In Barton, J.; Muddiman, J. (eds.). The Oxford Bible Commentary. p. 335. Archived from the original on 22 November 2017.

biblegateway.com (Global: 888^th place; English: 1,110^th place)

Job 3:21
Job 16:2
"Job 42:7 - Bible Gateway". Bible Gateway. Retrieved 13 June 2026.

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; English: 3^rd place)

Hartley 1988, p. 3. Hartley, John E. (1988). The Book of Job. William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company. ISBN 978-0-8028-2528-5.
Greenstein, Edward L. (2019). "Introduction". Job: A New Translation. Yale University Press. p. xxvii. ISBN 9780300163766. Determining the time and place of the book's composition is bound up with the nature of the book's language. The Hebrew prose of the frame tale, notwithstanding many classic features, shows that it was composed in the post-Babylonian era (after 540 BCE). The poetic core of the book is written in a highly literate and literary Hebrew, the eccentricities and occasional clumsiness of which suggest that Hebrew was a learned and not native language of the poet. The numerous words and grammatical shadings of Aramaic spread throughout the mainly Hebrew text of Job make a setting in the Persian era (approximately 540–330) fairly certain, for it was only in that period that Aramaic became a major language throughout the Levant. The poet depends on an audience that will pick up on subtle signs of Aramaic.
Lawson 2004, p. 11. Lawson, Steven J. (2004). Job. B&H Publishing Group. ISBN 978-0-8054-9470-9.
Bullock 2007, p. 87. Bullock, C. Hassell (2007). An Introduction to the Old Testament Poetic Books. Moody Publishers. ISBN 978-1-57567450-6.
Walton 2008, p. 343. Walton, J.H. (2008). "Job I: Book of". In Longman, Tremper; Enns, Peter (eds.). Dictionary of the Old Testament: Wisdom, Poetry & Writings. InterVarsity Press. ISBN 9780830817832.
Walton 2008, p. 333. Walton, J.H. (2008). "Job I: Book of". In Longman, Tremper; Enns, Peter (eds.). Dictionary of the Old Testament: Wisdom, Poetry & Writings. InterVarsity Press. ISBN 9780830817832.
Kugler & Hartin 2009, p. 191. Kugler, Robert; Hartin, Patrick J. (2009). An Introduction to the Bible. William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company. ISBN 978-0-8028-4636-5.
Kugler & Hartin 2009, p. 190. Kugler, Robert; Hartin, Patrick J. (2009). An Introduction to the Bible. William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company. ISBN 978-0-8028-4636-5.
Seow 2013, pp. 33–34. Seow, C.L. (2013). Job 1–21: Interpretation and Commentary. William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company. ISBN 978-0-8028-4895-6.
Sawyer 2013, p. 27. Sawyer, John F.A. (2013). "Job". In Lieb, Michael; Mason, Emma; Roberts, Jonathan (eds.). The Oxford Handbook of the Reception History of the Bible. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-1992-0454-0.
Walton 2008, p. 339. Walton, J.H. (2008). "Job I: Book of". In Longman, Tremper; Enns, Peter (eds.). Dictionary of the Old Testament: Wisdom, Poetry & Writings. InterVarsity Press. ISBN 9780830817832.
Sawyer 2013, p. 28. Sawyer, John F.A. (2013). "Job". In Lieb, Michael; Mason, Emma; Roberts, Jonathan (eds.). The Oxford Handbook of the Reception History of the Bible. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-1992-0454-0.
Habel 1985, p. 575. Habel, Norman C (1985). The Book of Job: A Commentary. Westminster John Knox Press. ISBN 978-0-6642-2218-5.
Kugler & Hartin 2009, p. 33. Kugler, Robert; Hartin, Patrick J. (2009). An Introduction to the Bible. William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company. ISBN 978-0-8028-4636-5.
Fokkelman 2012, p. 20. Fokkelman, J.P. (2012). The Book of Job in Form: A Literary Translation with Commentary. BRILL. ISBN 978-9-0042-3158-0.
Job: A New Translation. Translated by Edward L. Greenstein. Yale University Press. 2019. p. xxvii. ISBN 9780300163766. Determining the time and place of the book's composition is bound up with the nature of the book's language. The Hebrew prose of the frame tale, notwithstanding many classic features, shows that it was composed in the post-Babylonian era (after 540 BC). The poetic core of the book is written in a highly literate and literary Hebrew, the eccentricities and occasional clumsiness of which suggest that Hebrew was a learned and not native language of the poet. The numerous words and grammatical shadings of Aramaic spread throughout the mainly Hebrew text of Job make a setting in the Persian era (approximately 540–330) fairly certain, for it was only in that period that Aramaic became a major language throughout the Levant. The poet depends on an audience that will pick up on subtle signs of Aramaic.
Seow 2013, p. 24. Seow, C.L. (2013). Job 1–21: Interpretation and Commentary. William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company. ISBN 978-0-8028-4895-6.
Kugel 2012. Kugel, James L. (2012). How to Read the Bible: A Guide to Scripture, Then and Now. Simon and Schuster. ISBN 978-1-4516-8909-9.
Seow 2013, p. 17-20. Seow, C.L. (2013). Job 1–21: Interpretation and Commentary. William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company. ISBN 978-0-8028-4895-6.
Kugel 2012, p. 641. Kugel, James L. (2012). How to Read the Bible: A Guide to Scripture, Then and Now. Simon and Schuster. ISBN 978-1-4516-8909-9.
Seow 2013, pp. 1–16. Seow, C.L. (2013). Job 1–21: Interpretation and Commentary. William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company. ISBN 978-0-8028-4895-6.
Farmer 1998, p. 129. Farmer, Kathleen A. (1998). "The Wisdom Books". In McKenzie, Steven L.; Graham, Matt Patrick (eds.). The Hebrew Bible Today: An Introduction to Critical Issues. Westminster John Knox Press. ISBN 9780664256524.
Farmer 1998, pp. 129–30. Farmer, Kathleen A. (1998). "The Wisdom Books". In McKenzie, Steven L.; Graham, Matt Patrick (eds.). The Hebrew Bible Today: An Introduction to Critical Issues. Westminster John Knox Press. ISBN 9780664256524.
Farmer 1998, pp. 130–31. Farmer, Kathleen A. (1998). "The Wisdom Books". In McKenzie, Steven L.; Graham, Matt Patrick (eds.). The Hebrew Bible Today: An Introduction to Critical Issues. Westminster John Knox Press. ISBN 9780664256524.
Bullock 2007, p. 84. Bullock, C. Hassell (2007). An Introduction to the Old Testament Poetic Books. Moody Publishers. ISBN 978-1-57567450-6.
Hartley 2008, p. 346. Hartley, John E. (2008). "Job II: Ancient Near Eastern Background". In Longman, Tremper; Enns, Peter (eds.). Dictionary of the Old Testament: Wisdom, Poetry & Writings. InterVarsity Press. ISBN 978-0-8308-1783-2.
Hartley 2008, p. 360. Hartley, John E. (2008). "Job II: Ancient Near Eastern Background". In Longman, Tremper; Enns, Peter (eds.). Dictionary of the Old Testament: Wisdom, Poetry & Writings. InterVarsity Press. ISBN 978-0-8308-1783-2.
Bullock 2007, p. 82. Bullock, C. Hassell (2007). An Introduction to the Old Testament Poetic Books. Moody Publishers. ISBN 978-1-57567450-6.
Hooks 2006, p. 58. Hooks, Stephen M. (2006). Job. College Press. ISBN 978-0-8990-0886-8.
Brueggemann 2002, p. 201. Brueggemann, Walter (2002). Reverberations of Faith: A Theological Handbook of Old Testament Themes. Westminster John Knox. ISBN 978-0-66422231-4.
Brueggemann 2002, pp. 177–78. Brueggemann, Walter (2002). Reverberations of Faith: A Theological Handbook of Old Testament Themes. Westminster John Knox. ISBN 978-0-66422231-4.
Walton 2008, pp. 336–37. Walton, J.H. (2008). "Job I: Book of". In Longman, Tremper; Enns, Peter (eds.). Dictionary of the Old Testament: Wisdom, Poetry & Writings. InterVarsity Press. ISBN 9780830817832.
Hooks 2006, p. 57. Hooks, Stephen M. (2006). Job. College Press. ISBN 978-0-8990-0886-8.
O'Dowd 2008, pp. 242–43. O'Dowd, R. (2008). "Frame Narrative". In Longman, Tremper; Enns, Peter (eds.). Dictionary of the Old Testament: Wisdom, Poetry & Writings. InterVarsity Press. ISBN 978-0-8308-1783-2.
Seow 2013, pp. 97–98. Seow, C.L. (2013). Job 1–21: Interpretation and Commentary. William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company. ISBN 978-0-8028-4895-6.
Kugler & Hartin 2009, p. 194. Kugler, Robert; Hartin, Patrick J. (2009). An Introduction to the Bible. William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company. ISBN 978-0-8028-4636-5.
Dell 2003, p. 356. Dell, Katharine J. (2003). "Job". In Dunn, James D. G.; Rogerson, John William (eds.). Eerdmans Bible Commentary. William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company. ISBN 978-0-80283711-0.
Hooks 2006, pp. 329–30. Hooks, Stephen M. (2006). Job. College Press. ISBN 978-0-8990-0886-8.
Fiddes 1996, p. 174. Fiddes, Paul (1996). "'Where Shall Wisdom be Found?' Job 28 as a Riddle for Ancient and Modern Readers". In Barton, John; Reimer, David (eds.). After the Exile: Essays in Honour of Rex Mason. Mercer University Press. ISBN 978-0-86554524-3.
Walton 2008, p. 338. Walton, J.H. (2008). "Job I: Book of". In Longman, Tremper; Enns, Peter (eds.). Dictionary of the Old Testament: Wisdom, Poetry & Writings. InterVarsity Press. ISBN 9780830817832.
Sawyer 2013, p. 34. Sawyer, John F.A. (2013). "Job". In Lieb, Michael; Mason, Emma; Roberts, Jonathan (eds.). The Oxford Handbook of the Reception History of the Bible. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-1992-0454-0.
Walton 2008, pp. 338–39. Walton, J.H. (2008). "Job I: Book of". In Longman, Tremper; Enns, Peter (eds.). Dictionary of the Old Testament: Wisdom, Poetry & Writings. InterVarsity Press. ISBN 9780830817832.
Seow 2013, p. 111. Seow, C.L. (2013). Job 1–21: Interpretation and Commentary. William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company. ISBN 978-0-8028-4895-6.
Allen 2008, pp. 362–63. Allen, J. (2008). "Job III: History of Interpretation". In Longman III, Tremper; Enns, Peter (eds.). Dictionary of the Old Testament: Wisdom, Poetry & Writings. InterVarsity Press. ISBN 978-0-83081783-2.
Allen 2008, p. 362. Allen, J. (2008). "Job III: History of Interpretation". In Longman III, Tremper; Enns, Peter (eds.). Dictionary of the Old Testament: Wisdom, Poetry & Writings. InterVarsity Press. ISBN 978-0-83081783-2.
Simonetti, Conti & Oden 2006, pp. 105–06. Simonetti, Manlio; Conti, Marco; Oden, Thomas C. (2006). Job. InterVarsity Press. ISBN 9780830814763.
Allen 2008, pp. 361–62. Allen, J. (2008). "Job III: History of Interpretation". In Longman III, Tremper; Enns, Peter (eds.). Dictionary of the Old Testament: Wisdom, Poetry & Writings. InterVarsity Press. ISBN 978-0-83081783-2.
Noegel & Wheeler 2010, p. 171. Noegel, Scott B.; Wheeler, Brannon M. (2010). The A to Z of Prophets in Islam and Judaism. Scarecrow Press. ISBN 978-1-4617-1895-6.
Allen 2008, pp. 368–71. Allen, J. (2008). "Job III: History of Interpretation". In Longman III, Tremper; Enns, Peter (eds.). Dictionary of the Old Testament: Wisdom, Poetry & Writings. InterVarsity Press. ISBN 978-0-83081783-2.
Farmer 1998, p. 150. Farmer, Kathleen A. (1998). "The Wisdom Books". In McKenzie, Steven L.; Graham, Matt Patrick (eds.). The Hebrew Bible Today: An Introduction to Critical Issues. Westminster John Knox Press. ISBN 9780664256524.
Wheeler 2002, p. 8. Wheeler, Brannon M. (18 June 2002). Prophets in the Quran: An Introduction to the Quran and Muslim Exegesis. A&C Black. ISBN 978-0-8264-4957-3.

brettmccracken.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

McCracken 2012. McCracken, Brett (21 May 2012). "The Divine Guide in Terrence Malick's "Tree of Life"". Archived from the original on 13 January 2025. Retrieved 3 August 2025.

britannica.com (Global: 37^th place; English: 64^th place)

"Elihu (Biblical figure)". Encyclopedia Britannica. 20 October 2009. Retrieved 18 May 2025.

desiringgod.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

Ash, Christopher. "Let the Youth Speak: A Case for Righteous Elihu". Desiring God. Retrieved 1 June 2026.

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

Pinker, Aron (March 2009). "The Core Story in the Prologue–Epilogue of the Book of Job". The Journal of Hebrew Scriptures.
Lasine, Stuart (Spring 1990). "The Trials of Job and Kafka's Josef K.". The German Quarterly. 63 (2). Wiley: 187–198. doi:10.2307/406344. JSTOR 406344. Retrieved 22 January 2026.

gogolfest.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

2015.gogolfest.org

GogolFest. "Program 2015". Archived from the original on 2 February 2017. Retrieved 25 January 2017.

gothamist.com (Global: 3,754^th place; English: 1,934^th place)

Yakas, Ben (22 January 2015). "Here's Norm Macdonald's Magical Twitter Story About Meeting Bob Dylan". Gothamist. New York Public Radio. Retrieved 26 April 2024.

historynewsnetwork.org (Global: low place; English: 7,943^rd place)

Moss, Walter G. (16 June 2015). "What Does the Film Leviathan Tell Us about Putin's Russia and Its Past?". History News Network.

jstor.org (Global: 23^rd place; English: 15^th place)

Kartiganer, Donald M. (Spring 1962). "Job and Joseph K.: Myth in Kafka's "The Trial"". Modern Fiction Studies. 8 (1). The Johns Hopkins University Press: 31–43. JSTOR 26277307. Retrieved 22 January 2026.
Lasine, Stuart (Spring 1990). "The Trials of Job and Kafka's Josef K.". The German Quarterly. 63 (2). Wiley: 187–198. doi:10.2307/406344. JSTOR 406344. Retrieved 22 January 2026.

omhksea.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

"With the beginning of the Holy Week they are replaced by Exodus and Job". OMHKSEA (Orthodox Metropolitanate of Hong Kong and Southeast Asia). 2 April 2015. Archived from the original on 11 September 2025. Retrieved 29 August 2025.

oremus.org (Global: 1,423^rd place; English: 649^th place)

bible.oremus.org

ou.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

"The Connection Between Tisha B'Av and Sefer Iyov (Job)". Orthodox Union. 19 July 2011.

rogerebert.com (Global: 287^th place; English: 186^th place)

Covill, Max (26 July 2023). "David Tennant, Michael Sheen Continue to Elevate Quality of Good Omens 2". Roger Ebert. Archived from the original on 24 December 2024.

sacredsites.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Gray, Martin. "Tomb of Prophet Job, Salalah". World Pilgrimage Guide. Archived from the original on 3 August 2021. Retrieved 3 August 2021.

slate.com (Global: 409^th place; English: 260^th place)

Loofbourow, Lili (16 September 2021). "Norm Macdonald Never Stopped Bulls–tting". Slate. ISSN 1091-2339. Retrieved 26 April 2024.

subslikescript.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"ER: Season 15 Episode 3 Transcript". Archived from the original on 23 March 2022. Retrieved 23 March 2022.

unomaha.edu (Global: low place; English: low place)

digitalcommons.unomaha.edu

Tollerton, David (October 2011). "Job of Suburbia? A Serious Man and Viewer Perceptions of the Biblical Biblical". Journal of Religion & Film. 15 (2, Article 7). Omaha: University of Nebraska: 1–11.

us.archive.org (Global: 1,020^th place; English: 1,018^th place)

ia800504.us.archive.org

H. Pope, Marvin (19 February 1965). "Job: A New Translation with Introductions and Commentary" (PDF). ia800504.us.archive.org.

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

Crenshaw, J.L. (2001). "17. Job". In Barton, J.; Muddiman, J. (eds.). The Oxford Bible Commentary. p. 335. Archived from the original on 22 November 2017.
"With the beginning of the Holy Week they are replaced by Exodus and Job". OMHKSEA (Orthodox Metropolitanate of Hong Kong and Southeast Asia). 2 April 2015. Archived from the original on 11 September 2025. Retrieved 29 August 2025.
McCracken 2012. McCracken, Brett (21 May 2012). "The Divine Guide in Terrence Malick's "Tree of Life"". Archived from the original on 13 January 2025. Retrieved 3 August 2025.
GogolFest. "Program 2015". Archived from the original on 2 February 2017. Retrieved 25 January 2017.
"ER: Season 15 Episode 3 Transcript". Archived from the original on 23 March 2022. Retrieved 23 March 2022.
Covill, Max (26 July 2023). "David Tennant, Michael Sheen Continue to Elevate Quality of Good Omens 2". Roger Ebert. Archived from the original on 24 December 2024.
Gray, Martin. "Tomb of Prophet Job, Salalah". World Pilgrimage Guide. Archived from the original on 3 August 2021. Retrieved 3 August 2021.

worldcat.org (Global: 4^th place; English: 4^th place)

search.worldcat.org

Dell 1991, pp. 6–7. Dell, Katherine J. (1991). The Book of Job as Sceptical Literature. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter. ISBN 978-3-11-085873-0. OCLC 857769510.
Dell 1991, p. 26. Dell, Katherine J. (1991). The Book of Job as Sceptical Literature. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter. ISBN 978-3-11-085873-0. OCLC 857769510.
Bergsma, John Sietze; Pitre, Brant James (2018). A Catholic introduction to the Bible. Volume 1, The Old Testament. San Francisco: Ignatius Press. pp. 556–558. ISBN 978-1-58617-722-5. OCLC 950745091.
Loofbourow, Lili (16 September 2021). "Norm Macdonald Never Stopped Bulls–tting". Slate. ISSN 1091-2339. Retrieved 26 April 2024.

Book of Job (English Wikipedia)

archive.org (Global: 6th place; English: 6th place)

b-ok.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

biblegateway.com (Global: 888th place; English: 1,110th place)

books.google.com (Global: 3rd place; English: 3rd place)

brettmccracken.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

britannica.com (Global: 37th place; English: 64th place)

desiringgod.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

doi.org (Global: 2nd place; English: 2nd place)

gogolfest.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

2015.gogolfest.org

gothamist.com (Global: 3,754th place; English: 1,934th place)

historynewsnetwork.org (Global: low place; English: 7,943rd place)

jstor.org (Global: 23rd place; English: 15th place)

omhksea.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

oremus.org (Global: 1,423rd place; English: 649th place)

bible.oremus.org

ou.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

rogerebert.com (Global: 287th place; English: 186th place)

sacredsites.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

slate.com (Global: 409th place; English: 260th place)

subslikescript.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

unomaha.edu (Global: low place; English: low place)

digitalcommons.unomaha.edu

us.archive.org (Global: 1,020th place; English: 1,018th place)

ia800504.us.archive.org

web.archive.org (Global: 1st place; English: 1st place)

worldcat.org (Global: 4th place; English: 4th place)

search.worldcat.org

archive.org (Global: 6^th place; English: 6^th place)

biblegateway.com (Global: 888^th place; English: 1,110^th place)

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; English: 3^rd place)

britannica.com (Global: 37^th place; English: 64^th place)

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

gothamist.com (Global: 3,754^th place; English: 1,934^th place)

historynewsnetwork.org (Global: low place; English: 7,943^rd place)

jstor.org (Global: 23^rd place; English: 15^th place)

oremus.org (Global: 1,423^rd place; English: 649^th place)

rogerebert.com (Global: 287^th place; English: 186^th place)

slate.com (Global: 409^th place; English: 260^th place)

us.archive.org (Global: 1,020^th place; English: 1,018^th place)

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

worldcat.org (Global: 4^th place; English: 4^th place)