Book of Mormon (English Wikipedia)

Southerton 2004, p. xv. "Anthropologists and archaeologists, including some Mormons and former Mormons, have discovered little to support the existence of [Book of Mormon] civilizations. Over a period of 150 years, as scholars have seriously studied Native American cultures and prehistory, evidence of a Christian civilization in the Americas has eluded the specialists... These [Mesoamerican] cultures lack any trace of Hebrew or Egyptian writing, metallurgy, or the Old World domesticated animals and plants described in the Book of Mormon." Southerton, Simon G. (2004). Losing a Lost Tribe: Native Americans, DNA, and the Mormon Church. Signature Books. ISBN 978-1-56085-181-3. OCLC 55534917.
Davis 2020, pp. 165–168. Davis, William L. (2020). Visions in a Seer Stone: Joseph Smith and the Making of the Book of Mormon. University of North Carolina Press. ISBN 978-1-4696-5567-3.
Harris's wife Lucy Harris was long popularly thought to have stolen the pages. See Givens (2002, p. 33). Historian Don Bradley contests that this was a rumor that circulated only in retrospect. See Bradley (2019, pp. 58–80). Givens, Terryl (2002). By the Hand of Mormon: The American Scripture That Launched a New World Religion. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-516888-4. Bradley, Don (2019). The Lost 116 Pages: Reconstructing the Book of Mormon's Missing Stories. Greg Kofford. ISBN 978-1-58958-760-1.
See Davis 2020, p. 160: "Whatever position the reader might take on the origins of the Book of Mormon, a careful review of historical claims favors the idea that Joseph Smith himself sincerely believed, to one degree or another, that his epic work contained an authentic historical account of ancient American civilizations"; and Taves 2014, p. 13: "If we consider Joseph's directive, the obedient response of insiders, and their willingness to protect the plates from skeptical outsiders, we can envision an alternative way to view the materialization of the plates that involved neither recovery and translation in any usual sense nor necessarily deception or fraud, but rather a process through which a small group—who believed in the power of revelatory dream-visions, in ancient inhabitants of the Americas, and in golden records buried in a hillside—came to believe that a material object covered by a cloth or hidden in a box were the ancient plates revealed to Smith by the ancient Nephite Moroni. Either/or views of the plates rest on a narrow conception of the materialization process, such that he either dug them up or he did not. Highlighting the crucial role played by those who believed in the reality of the ancient plates suggests a broader view that embeds the recovery of the plates in a process of materialization". For the significance of these interpretations in scholarship on Book of Mormon provenance, see Mason, Patrick Q. (2022). "History, Religious Studies, and Book of Mormon Studes". Roundtable Discussion: The Present of Book of Mormon Studies. Journal of Book of Mormon Studies. 31: 35–55. doi:10.14321/23744774.37.03 (inactive July 11, 2025).{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of July 2025 (link) Davis, William L. (2020). Visions in a Seer Stone: Joseph Smith and the Making of the Book of Mormon. University of North Carolina Press. ISBN 978-1-4696-5567-3. Taves, Ann (2014). "History and the Claims of Revelation: Joseph Smith and the Materialization of the Golden Plates". Numen: International Review for the History of Religions. 61 (2–3): 182–207. doi:10.1163/15685276-12341315. S2CID 170900524 – via eScholarship.
There is some disagreement over this point and whether eyewitnesses may have exaggerated. William L. Davis notes some authors on the subject, Hugh Nibley and B. H. Roberts among others, believe Smith might have consulted a King James Bible while dictating. Davis 2020, p. 199n4 Davis, William L. (2020). Visions in a Seer Stone: Joseph Smith and the Making of the Book of Mormon. University of North Carolina Press. ISBN 978-1-4696-5567-3.
Davis 2020, p. 190. Davis, William L. (2020). Visions in a Seer Stone: Joseph Smith and the Making of the Book of Mormon. University of North Carolina Press. ISBN 978-1-4696-5567-3.
Davis 2020, p. 35–37, 165–168. Though Smith never became an ordained exhorter, perhaps because he was not a Methodist member in full standing (36). Davis, William L. (2020). Visions in a Seer Stone: Joseph Smith and the Making of the Book of Mormon. University of North Carolina Press. ISBN 978-1-4696-5567-3.
Davis describes a "ubiquitous presence of nineteenth-century compositional techniques", and "sermonizing strategies" in the Book of Mormon's text (such as figures describing their preaching in terms of "heads" as an outline to "touch upon" in further detail as the text progresses) which "point directly and specifically to Joseph Smith as the source and assembler of these narrative components" (see Davis 2020, pp. 63, 91). A review published in Choice disagrees as to whether there is sufficient evidence of these oratorical techniques in the Book of Mormon; see Alexander, Thomas G. (September 2021). "Visions in a Seer Stone: Joseph Smith and the Making of the Book of Mormon". Choice (review). Vol. 59, no. 1. Davis, William L. (2020). Visions in a Seer Stone: Joseph Smith and the Making of the Book of Mormon. University of North Carolina Press. ISBN 978-1-4696-5567-3.
Fenton, Elizabeth; Hickman, Jared, eds. (2019). "Nephites and Israelites: The Book of Mormon and the Hebraic Indian Theory". Americanist Approaches to the Book of Mormon. Oxford University Press. pp. 277–297. ISBN 978-0-19-022192-8. Wikidata Q123497267.
Davis 2020, p. 89. Davis, William L. (2020). Visions in a Seer Stone: Joseph Smith and the Making of the Book of Mormon. University of North Carolina Press. ISBN 978-1-4696-5567-3.
Turner 2016, p. 29. Turner, John G. (2016). The Mormon Jesus: A Biography. Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-73743-3.
Coviello 2019, pp. 141–146. Coviello, Peter (2019). Make Yourselves Gods: Mormons and the Unfinished Business of American Secularism. Class 200. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-47416-8.
Turner 2016, p. 36. Turner, John G. (2016). The Mormon Jesus: A Biography. Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-73743-3.
Turner 2016, p. 32. Turner, John G. (2016). The Mormon Jesus: A Biography. Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-73743-3.
Turner 2016, p. 33. Turner, John G. (2016). The Mormon Jesus: A Biography. Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-73743-3.
Turner 2016, pp. 30–32. Turner, John G. (2016). The Mormon Jesus: A Biography. Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-73743-3.
Turner 2016, p. 35. Turner, John G. (2016). The Mormon Jesus: A Biography. Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-73743-3.
Coviello (2019, p. 8) summarizes, "bodies are not the seats of wickedness or Pauline corruption but something else entirely: the vehicles for exaltation... As the Book of Mormon observed, 'men are, that they might have joy.'" The Book of Mormon reference is to 2 Nephi 2:22–––25: "And now, behold, if Adam had not transgressed he would not have fallen, but he would have remained in the garden of Eden... And they would have had no children; wherefore they would have remained in a state of innocence, having no joy, for they knew no misery; doing no good, for they knew no sin... all things have been done in the wisdom of him who knoweth all things. Adam fell that men might be; and men are, that they might have joy." Coviello, Peter (2019). Make Yourselves Gods: Mormons and the Unfinished Business of American Secularism. Class 200. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-47416-8.
"Christianity is centered on revelation, which contains within it a message ("good news") meant for the believer. Given this message, what is important is the content of revelation, while scripture is usually regarded as a mere means of transmission" in Biderman, Shlomo (1995). Scripture and Knowledge: An Essay on Religious Epistemology. Brill. p. 11. ISBN 978-90-04-37891-9; Cross & Livingstone 1997, p. 1392: "[T]he corpus of truth about Himself which God discloses to us"; Givens 2002, p. 226: "We may contrast these examples with Shlomo Biderman's assertion .... In the Book of Mormon, what is important is not one ultimate Truth it embodies, but rather the ever-present reality of revelation it depicts". Cross, Frank Leslie; Livingstone, Elizabeth A., eds. (1997). The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church (3rd ed.). Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-211655-X – via Internet Archive. Givens, Terryl (2002). By the Hand of Mormon: The American Scripture That Launched a New World Religion. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-516888-4.
Coviello 2019, pp. 140–146. Coviello, Peter (2019). Make Yourselves Gods: Mormons and the Unfinished Business of American Secularism. Class 200. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-47416-8.
Bushman, Richard (2004). "The Book of Mormon in Early Mormon History". In Neilson, Reid L.; Woodworth, Jed (eds.). Believing History: Latter-day Saint Essays. Columbia University Press. pp. 65–78. ISBN 978-0-231-13007-3.
Turner 2016, p. 44. The other three of the four standard works are the Bible, Doctrine and Covenants, and Pearl of Great Price. Turner, John G. (2016). The Mormon Jesus: A Biography. Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-73743-3.
Turner 2016, pp. 45–47. Turner, John G. (2016). The Mormon Jesus: A Biography. Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-73743-3.
Turner 2016, p. 46. Turner, John G. (2016). The Mormon Jesus: A Biography. Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-73743-3.
Turner 2016, p. 45. Turner, John G. (2016). The Mormon Jesus: A Biography. Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-73743-3.
Turner 2016, pp. 44–45. Turner, John G. (2016). The Mormon Jesus: A Biography. Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-73743-3.
Coe 1973, pp. 41–42: "Let me now state uncategorically that as far as I know there is not one professionally trained archaeologist, who is not a Mormon, who sees any scientific justification for believing [the historicity of The Book of Mormon], and I would like to state that there are quite a few Mormon archaeologists who join this group"; Southerton 2004, p. xv: "Anthropologists and archaeologists, including some Mormons and former Mormons, have discovered little to support the existence of [Book of Mormon] civilizations. Over a period of 150 years, as scholars have seriously studied Native American cultures and prehistory, evidence of a Christian civilization in the Americas has eluded the specialists... These [Mesoamerican] cultures lack any trace of Hebrew or Egyptian writing, metallurgy, or the Old World domesticated animals and plants described in the Book of Mormon"; Williams 1991, pp. 162–166: "I will admit that I am skeptical of the original discovery [of the Book of Mormon]; the absence of the actual ancient documents makes detailed analysis impossible today." The exceptions are a handful of predominantly Latter-day Saint organizations that attempt historical and archeological research on the premise of ancient Book of Mormon historicity, such as FAIR (Faithful Answers, Informed Response), the Foundation for Ancient Research and Mormon Studies (now defunct), and the Interpreter Foundation. Coe, Michael D. (Summer 1973). "Mormons and Archaeology: An Outside View". Dialogue: A Journal of Mormon Thought. 8 (2): 41–48. doi:10.2307/45224400. JSTOR 45224400. S2CID 254386666. Southerton, Simon G. (2004). Losing a Lost Tribe: Native Americans, DNA, and the Mormon Church. Signature Books. ISBN 978-1-56085-181-3. OCLC 55534917. Williams, Stephen (1991). Fantastic Archaeology: The Wild Side of North American Prehistory. University of Pennsylvania Press. ISBN 0-8122-1312-2 – via Internet Archive.
One popular traditional view of the Book of Mormon suggested that Native Americans were principally the descendants of an Israelite migration around 600 BC. However, DNA evidence shows no Near Eastern component in the Native American genetic make-up. " ...[T]he DNA lineages of Central America resemble those of other Native American tribes throughout the two continents. Over 99 percent of the lineages found among native groups from this region are clearly of Asian descent. Modern and ancient DNA samples tested from among the Maya generally fall into the major founding lineage classes... The Mayan Empire has been regarded by Mormons to be the closest to the people of the Book of Mormon because its people were literate and culturally sophisticated. However, leading New World anthropologists, including those specializing in the region, have found the Maya to be similarly related to Asians"; see Southerton (2004, p. 191). Defenders of the book's historical authenticity suggest that the Book of Mormon does not disallow for other groups of people to have contributed to the genetic make-up of Native Americans—see Duffy (2008, pp. 41, 48)—and in 2006, the church changed its introduction to the official LDS edition of the Book of Mormon to allow for a greater diversity of ancestry of Native Americans; see Moore (2007). Southerton, Simon G. (2004). Losing a Lost Tribe: Native Americans, DNA, and the Mormon Church. Signature Books. ISBN 978-1-56085-181-3. OCLC 55534917. Duffy, John-Charles (October 2008). "Mapping Book of Mormon Historicity Debates Part I: A Guide for the Overwhelmed" (PDF). Sunstone. pp. 36–62. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 9, 2022.
Southerton (2004, pp. 49). A "large volume of research... has revealed continuous, widespread human occupation of the Americas for the last 14,000 years. Such research conflicts with popular LDS views patterned on the Book of Mormon." See also pg. 125: after a survey of relevant genetic research, Southerton concludes that "the peoples of the Pacific Rim who met Columbus and Cook were not Israelites. They were descendants of a far more ancient branch of the human family tree." Southerton, Simon G. (2004). Losing a Lost Tribe: Native Americans, DNA, and the Mormon Church. Signature Books. ISBN 978-1-56085-181-3. OCLC 55534917.
Fagan, Brian M. & Durrani, Nadia (2016). World Prehistory: A Brief Introduction. Routledge. p. 124. ISBN 978-1-317-34244-1.
Ash, Patricia J. & Robinson, David J. (2011). The Emergence of Humans: An Exploration of the Evolutionary Timeline. John Wiley & Sons. p. 289. ISBN 978-1-119-96424-7.
Alice Roberts (2010). The Incredible Human Journey. A&C Black. pp. 101–103. ISBN 978-1-4088-1091-0. Archived from the original on January 25, 2021. Retrieved August 5, 2019.
"Most members of... groups tracing their origins to Joseph Smith, believe that the Book of Mormon is a literal history of the inhabitants of the ancient Americas" (Vogel 1986, p. 3). See also Southerton 2004, p. 201 Vogel, Dan (1986). Indian Origins and the Book of Mormon: Religious Solutions from Columbus to Joseph Smith. Signature Books. ISBN 0-941214-42-7 – via Internet Archive. Southerton, Simon G. (2004). Losing a Lost Tribe: Native Americans, DNA, and the Mormon Church. Signature Books. ISBN 978-1-56085-181-3. OCLC 55534917.
Southerton 2004, p. 191. Southerton, Simon G. (2004). Losing a Lost Tribe: Native Americans, DNA, and the Mormon Church. Signature Books. ISBN 978-1-56085-181-3. OCLC 55534917.
"One of the most popular has been chiasmus, a stylistic feature of the Hebrew Bible which John Welch first identified in the Book of Mormon while a missionary in the 1960s. Welch was particularly impressed to find that the entire chapter of Alma 36 is a complex, extended chiasm" (Duffy 2008, p. 51). For more on chiasmus in the Bible, see Breck, John (1994). The Shape of Biblical Language: Chiasmus in the Scriptures and Beyond. St. Vladimir's Seminary Press. pp. 33–37, 39. ISBN 0-88141-139-6. Duffy, John-Charles (October 2008). "Mapping Book of Mormon Historicity Debates Part I: A Guide for the Overwhelmed" (PDF). Sunstone. pp. 36–62. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 9, 2022.
"Some of [Community of Christ]'s senior leadership consider the Book of Mormon to be inspired historical fiction" (Southerton 2004, p. 201). For a comparison to the Book of Job, see Duffy 2008, pp. 54–55. "Denise Hopkins, a professor of Hebrew Bible at Wesley Theological Seminary", Gregory Prince reports, described the Book of Mormon as "a book-length midrash on the King James Bible." See Prince, Gregory (Fall 2018). "Own Your Religion". Sunstone. No. 187. Southerton, Simon G. (2004). Losing a Lost Tribe: Native Americans, DNA, and the Mormon Church. Signature Books. ISBN 978-1-56085-181-3. OCLC 55534917. Duffy, John-Charles (October 2008). "Mapping Book of Mormon Historicity Debates Part I: A Guide for the Overwhelmed" (PDF). Sunstone. pp. 36–62. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 9, 2022.
Reeve, W. Paul; Parshall, Ardis E. (2010). Mormonism: A Historical Encyclopedia: A Historical Encyclopedia. ABC-CLIO. p. 74. ISBN 978-1-59884-108-4. Retrieved March 24, 2018.

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Goebel, Ted; Waters, Michael R.; O'Rourke, Dennis H. (2008). "The Late Pleistocene dispersal of modern humans in the Americas" (PDF). Science. 319 (5869): 1497–1502. Bibcode:2008Sci...319.1497G. doi:10.1126/science.1153569. PMID 18339930. S2CID 36149744. Archived from the original (PDF) on January 2, 2014. Retrieved February 5, 2010.

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E.g. 2 Nephi 2
E.g. 2 Nephi 9
E.g. Alma 12
Kunz, Ryan (March 2010). "180 Years Later, Book of Mormon Nears 150 Million Copies". Ensign: 74–76. Retrieved March 24, 2011.
Coviello (2019, p. 8) summarizes, "bodies are not the seats of wickedness or Pauline corruption but something else entirely: the vehicles for exaltation... As the Book of Mormon observed, 'men are, that they might have joy.'" The Book of Mormon reference is to 2 Nephi 2:22–––25: "And now, behold, if Adam had not transgressed he would not have fallen, but he would have remained in the garden of Eden... And they would have had no children; wherefore they would have remained in a state of innocence, having no joy, for they knew no misery; doing no good, for they knew no sin... all things have been done in the wisdom of him who knoweth all things. Adam fell that men might be; and men are, that they might have joy." Coviello, Peter (2019). Make Yourselves Gods: Mormons and the Unfinished Business of American Secularism. Class 200. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-47416-8.
The revised text was first published in 1981 and the subtitle was added in October 1982: Packer, Boyd K. (November 1982). "Scriptures". Ensign. You should know also that by recent decision of the Brethren the Book of Mormon will henceforth bear the title 'The Book of Mormon,' with the subtitle 'Another Testament of Jesus Christ.'
"Church Releases New Edition of English Scriptures in Digital Formats". Ensign. April 2013. Archived from the original on January 20, 2021.
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Underwood, Grant (Fall 1984). "Book of Mormon Usage in Early LDS Theology". Dialogue: A Journal of Mormon Thought. 17 (3): 36–74. doi:10.2307/45227937. JSTOR 45227937. S2CID 254397416. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 5, 2021.
Coe 1973, pp. 41–42: "Let me now state uncategorically that as far as I know there is not one professionally trained archaeologist, who is not a Mormon, who sees any scientific justification for believing [the historicity of The Book of Mormon], and I would like to state that there are quite a few Mormon archaeologists who join this group"; Southerton 2004, p. xv: "Anthropologists and archaeologists, including some Mormons and former Mormons, have discovered little to support the existence of [Book of Mormon] civilizations. Over a period of 150 years, as scholars have seriously studied Native American cultures and prehistory, evidence of a Christian civilization in the Americas has eluded the specialists... These [Mesoamerican] cultures lack any trace of Hebrew or Egyptian writing, metallurgy, or the Old World domesticated animals and plants described in the Book of Mormon"; Williams 1991, pp. 162–166: "I will admit that I am skeptical of the original discovery [of the Book of Mormon]; the absence of the actual ancient documents makes detailed analysis impossible today." The exceptions are a handful of predominantly Latter-day Saint organizations that attempt historical and archeological research on the premise of ancient Book of Mormon historicity, such as FAIR (Faithful Answers, Informed Response), the Foundation for Ancient Research and Mormon Studies (now defunct), and the Interpreter Foundation. Coe, Michael D. (Summer 1973). "Mormons and Archaeology: An Outside View". Dialogue: A Journal of Mormon Thought. 8 (2): 41–48. doi:10.2307/45224400. JSTOR 45224400. S2CID 254386666. Southerton, Simon G. (2004). Losing a Lost Tribe: Native Americans, DNA, and the Mormon Church. Signature Books. ISBN 978-1-56085-181-3. OCLC 55534917. Williams, Stephen (1991). Fantastic Archaeology: The Wild Side of North American Prehistory. University of Pennsylvania Press. ISBN 0-8122-1312-2 – via Internet Archive.
Coe 1973, p. 46. "[A]bsolutely nothing, has ever shown up in any New World excavation which would suggest to a dispassionate observer that the Book of Mormon... is a historical document relating to the history of early migrants to our hemisphere." Coe, Michael D. (Summer 1973). "Mormons and Archaeology: An Outside View". Dialogue: A Journal of Mormon Thought. 8 (2): 41–48. doi:10.2307/45224400. JSTOR 45224400. S2CID 254386666.
For oxen and donkeys, see Davies 1973, p. 55. For the rest, see Coe 1973, p. 42. Davies, Horton (1973). Christian Deviations: The Challenge of the New Spiritual Movements (3rd ed.). Westminster Press. ISBN 978-0-664-24966-3. Coe, Michael D. (Summer 1973). "Mormons and Archaeology: An Outside View". Dialogue: A Journal of Mormon Thought. 8 (2): 41–48. doi:10.2307/45224400. JSTOR 45224400. S2CID 254386666.
"[A]ll major scholars on Isaiah view chapters 40–66 as written well after 600 BCE" (79n13) and "Many scholars have noted that other parts of Isaiah 2–14 were not written by Isaiah of Jerusalem but rather in the exilic or post-exilic periods" (87). See Townsend, Colby (Fall 2022). "'The Robe of Righteousness': Exilic and Post-Exilic Isaiah in The Book of Mormon". Dialogue: A Journal of Mormon Thought. 55 (3): 75–106. doi:10.5406/15549399.55.3.03. S2CID 253368342.
Duffy 2008, pp. 41–42, 48; Bushman 2005, p. 93. Coe (1973, pp. 42–45) identifies several twentieth-century Latter-day Saint advocates of Book of Mormon historicity. In an exception to the general trend, he also states that the most careful scholar in "the early-twentieth-century intellectual movement of 'Book of Mormon geography' was Louis E. Hills, a member of what was then the Reorganized Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints, today known as Community of Christ. Duffy, John-Charles (October 2008). "Mapping Book of Mormon Historicity Debates Part I: A Guide for the Overwhelmed" (PDF). Sunstone. pp. 36–62. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 9, 2022. Bushman, Richard Lyman (2005). Joseph Smith: Rough Stone Rolling. Alfred A. Knopf. ISBN 978-1-4000-4270-8. Coe, Michael D. (Summer 1973). "Mormons and Archaeology: An Outside View". Dialogue: A Journal of Mormon Thought. 8 (2): 41–48. doi:10.2307/45224400. JSTOR 45224400. S2CID 254386666.
"Non-Mormon archaeologists are more likely to view Jakeman's twenty so-called 'correspondences in main features' and eighty-two 'detailed agreements or similarities' as a matter of mere chance based upon only superficial similarities" (Coe 1973, p. 44). For parallelomania, see Duffy 2008, p. 52. For an example of identifying parallelomania in apologetics for Latter Day Saint scriptural historicity, see Salmon, Douglas F. (Summer 2000). "Parallelomania and the Study of Latter-day Scripture: Confirmation, Coincidence, or the Collective Unconscious?". Dialogue: A Journal of Mormon Thought. 33 (2): 129–155. doi:10.2307/45226691. JSTOR 45226691. S2CID 197468102.. Coe, Michael D. (Summer 1973). "Mormons and Archaeology: An Outside View". Dialogue: A Journal of Mormon Thought. 8 (2): 41–48. doi:10.2307/45224400. JSTOR 45224400. S2CID 254386666. Duffy, John-Charles (October 2008). "Mapping Book of Mormon Historicity Debates Part I: A Guide for the Overwhelmed" (PDF). Sunstone. pp. 36–62. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 9, 2022.
Duffy 2008, p. 41. Moore, Richard G. (Spring 2014). "LDS Misconceptions About the Community of Christ" (PDF). Mormon Historical Studies. 15 (1): 1–23. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 9, 2022. Launius, Roger D. (Winter 2006). "Is Joseph Smith Relevant to the Community of Christ?". Dialogue: A Journal of Mormon Thought. 39 (4): 58–67. doi:10.2307/45227214. JSTOR 45227214. S2CID 254402921. Duffy, John-Charles (October 2008). "Mapping Book of Mormon Historicity Debates Part I: A Guide for the Overwhelmed" (PDF). Sunstone. pp. 36–62. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 9, 2022.
Austin, Michael (Summer 2019). "Reasonably Good Tidings of Greater-than-Average Joy: Grant Hardy, ed. The Book of Mormon: Another Testament of Jesus Christ, Maxwell Institute Study Edition". Dialogue: A Journal of Mormon Thought (review). 52 (2): 173–181. doi:10.5406/dialjmormthou.52.2.0173. S2CID 246628409.

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Givens 2009, pp. 6–11. Givens, Terryl L. (2009). The Book of Mormon: A Very Short Introduction. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/actrade/9780195369311.001.0001. ISBN 978-0-19-936567-8. Wikidata Q114004901.
Taves 2014, p. 4. Taves, Ann (2014). "History and the Claims of Revelation: Joseph Smith and the Materialization of the Golden Plates". Numen: International Review for the History of Religions. 61 (2–3): 182–207. doi:10.1163/15685276-12341315. S2CID 170900524 – via eScholarship.
The materiality of the plates Smith said he translated from has long been a matter of controversy in historical studies of Smith and the Book of Mormon. Those who for religious reasons accept Smith's account of the book as having miraculous and ancient origins by corollary also have tended to believe there were authentic, ancient plates. Meanwhile, in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, naturalistic interpretations of Smith's history and the Book of Mormon generally took for granted the plates had no material existence and were fictitious due to either delusion or deception, or otherwise existed only in the religious imaginary. However, "believing historians" have argued that the documentary evidence points to Smith and eyewitnesses to him consistently behaving as though he did possess material plates. Religious studies scholar Ann Taves summarizes, "that there were no actual golden plates... is so obvious to some historians that they are taken aback when they discover that many Mormon intellectuals believe there were", while "Many believing historians... in turn wonder how well-trained, non-believing historians can dismiss so much evidence" (2). In the twenty-first century, naturalistic interpretations have posited that the plates were materially real, but that Smith crafted them himself (possibly out of tin or copper), either to match his vision of the plates or after being inspired by seeing copper stereotyped printing plates (perhaps at a printing shop or, by happenstance, literally buried in the ground). Taves argues Smith nevertheless believed the plates constituted an authentic, ancient record and that crafting plates himself "can be understood as representing or even co-creating the reality of the plates... the way Eucharistic wafers are thought to be transformed into the literal body of Christ" (9). For this historiography and an argument that Smith crafted the plates in a process of materialization, see Taves (2014, pp. 1–11). For another view on this historiography and an argument that an encounter with printing plates inspired or shaped Smith's concept of the Book of Mormon plates, see Hazard, Sonia (Summer 2021). "How Joseph Smith Encountered Printing Plates and Founded Mormonism". Religion & American Culture. 31 (2): 137–192. doi:10.1017/rac.2021.11. S2CID 237394042. Taves, Ann (2014). "History and the Claims of Revelation: Joseph Smith and the Materialization of the Golden Plates". Numen: International Review for the History of Religions. 61 (2–3): 182–207. doi:10.1163/15685276-12341315. S2CID 170900524 – via eScholarship.
Taves 2014, p. 5. Taves, Ann (2014). "History and the Claims of Revelation: Joseph Smith and the Materialization of the Golden Plates". Numen: International Review for the History of Religions. 61 (2–3): 182–207. doi:10.1163/15685276-12341315. S2CID 170900524 – via eScholarship.
Bushman 2007, pp. 77–79. Bushman, Richard Lyman (September 2007). "What's New in Mormon History: A Response to Jan Shipps". Journal of American History. 94 (2): 517–521. doi:10.2307/25094963. JSTOR 25094963.
Hazard, Sonia (Summer 2021). "How Joseph Smith Encountered Printing Plates and Founded Mormonism". Religion & American Culture. 31 (2): 137–192. doi:10.1017/rac.2021.11. S2CID 237394042.
See Davis 2020, p. 160: "Whatever position the reader might take on the origins of the Book of Mormon, a careful review of historical claims favors the idea that Joseph Smith himself sincerely believed, to one degree or another, that his epic work contained an authentic historical account of ancient American civilizations"; and Taves 2014, p. 13: "If we consider Joseph's directive, the obedient response of insiders, and their willingness to protect the plates from skeptical outsiders, we can envision an alternative way to view the materialization of the plates that involved neither recovery and translation in any usual sense nor necessarily deception or fraud, but rather a process through which a small group—who believed in the power of revelatory dream-visions, in ancient inhabitants of the Americas, and in golden records buried in a hillside—came to believe that a material object covered by a cloth or hidden in a box were the ancient plates revealed to Smith by the ancient Nephite Moroni. Either/or views of the plates rest on a narrow conception of the materialization process, such that he either dug them up or he did not. Highlighting the crucial role played by those who believed in the reality of the ancient plates suggests a broader view that embeds the recovery of the plates in a process of materialization". For the significance of these interpretations in scholarship on Book of Mormon provenance, see Mason, Patrick Q. (2022). "History, Religious Studies, and Book of Mormon Studes". Roundtable Discussion: The Present of Book of Mormon Studies. Journal of Book of Mormon Studies. 31: 35–55. doi:10.14321/23744774.37.03 (inactive July 11, 2025).{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of July 2025 (link) Davis, William L. (2020). Visions in a Seer Stone: Joseph Smith and the Making of the Book of Mormon. University of North Carolina Press. ISBN 978-1-4696-5567-3. Taves, Ann (2014). "History and the Claims of Revelation: Joseph Smith and the Materialization of the Golden Plates". Numen: International Review for the History of Religions. 61 (2–3): 182–207. doi:10.1163/15685276-12341315. S2CID 170900524 – via eScholarship.
"Thus in 1945 the Spaulding theory of the origin of the Book of Mormon was still strongly in vogue, most scholarly works accepting it as the explanation of the origin of the Book of Mormon. Following [Fawn Brodie's] trenchant attack on the theory its popularity quickly declined. Today nobody gives it credence" (Hill 1972, p. 73); and "Brodie demolished the theory" (Albanese 2008, p. 148). Hill, Marvin S. (Winter 1972). "Brodie Revisited: A Reappraisal". Dialogue: A Journal of Mormon Thought. 7 (4): 72–85. doi:10.2307/45224368. JSTOR 45224368. S2CID 254311417. Albanese, Catherine (2008). A Republic of Mind and Spirit: A Cultural History of American Metaphysical Religion. Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-11089-0.
Barnes 2012, p. 500. Barnes, Jane (2012). "Post-Modern Joseph Smith: Faith and Irony". The Hopkins Review. 5 (4): 490–507. doi:10.1353/thr.2012.0074. ISSN 1939-9774.
Givens 2009, p. 61. Givens, Terryl L. (2009). The Book of Mormon: A Very Short Introduction. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/actrade/9780195369311.001.0001. ISBN 978-0-19-936567-8. Wikidata Q114004901.
Barnes 2012, p. 501. Barnes, Jane (2012). "Post-Modern Joseph Smith: Faith and Irony". The Hopkins Review. 5 (4): 490–507. doi:10.1353/thr.2012.0074. ISSN 1939-9774.
Givens 2009, pp. 24, 33. Givens, Terryl L. (2009). The Book of Mormon: A Very Short Introduction. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/actrade/9780195369311.001.0001. ISBN 978-0-19-936567-8. Wikidata Q114004901.
Givens 2009, p. 11. Givens, Terryl L. (2009). The Book of Mormon: A Very Short Introduction. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/actrade/9780195369311.001.0001. ISBN 978-0-19-936567-8. Wikidata Q114004901.
Givens 2009, p. 12. Givens, Terryl L. (2009). The Book of Mormon: A Very Short Introduction. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/actrade/9780195369311.001.0001. ISBN 978-0-19-936567-8. Wikidata Q114004901.
Givens 2009, pp. 11, 43. Givens, Terryl L. (2009). The Book of Mormon: A Very Short Introduction. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/actrade/9780195369311.001.0001. ISBN 978-0-19-936567-8. Wikidata Q114004901.
Givens 2009, pp. 71–72. Givens, Terryl L. (2009). The Book of Mormon: A Very Short Introduction. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/actrade/9780195369311.001.0001. ISBN 978-0-19-936567-8. Wikidata Q114004901.
Paulsen, David L.; Boyd, Hal R. (2015). "The Nature of God in Mormon Thought". In Givens, Terryl L.; Barlow, Philip L. (eds.). The Oxford Handbook of Mormonism. Oxford University Press. pp. 246–259. doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199778362.001.0001. ISBN 978-0-19-977836-2. "Therefore, the Mormon conception of the Godhead is more akin to what contemporary Christian theologians call Social Trinitarianism" (253).
Hickman, Jared (September 2014). "The Book of Mormon as Amerindian Apocalypse". American Literature. 86 (3): 429–461. doi:10.1215/00029831-2717371.
Ashurst-McGee, Mark (Summer 2012). "Zion in America: The Origins of Mormon Constitutionalism". Journal of Mormon History. 38 (3): 90–101. doi:10.2307/23291618. JSTOR 23291618. S2CID 254490392.
Underwood, Grant (Fall 1984). "Book of Mormon Usage in Early LDS Theology". Dialogue: A Journal of Mormon Thought. 17 (3): 36–74. doi:10.2307/45227937. JSTOR 45227937. S2CID 254397416. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 5, 2021.
Givens 2009, pp. 79–84. Givens, Terryl L. (2009). The Book of Mormon: A Very Short Introduction. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/actrade/9780195369311.001.0001. ISBN 978-0-19-936567-8. Wikidata Q114004901.
Givens 2009, pp. 109–111. Givens, Terryl L. (2009). The Book of Mormon: A Very Short Introduction. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/actrade/9780195369311.001.0001. ISBN 978-0-19-936567-8. Wikidata Q114004901.
Givens 2009, pp. 81–82. Givens, Terryl L. (2009). The Book of Mormon: A Very Short Introduction. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/actrade/9780195369311.001.0001. ISBN 978-0-19-936567-8. Wikidata Q114004901.
Givens 2009, pp. 111, 240–246. Givens, Terryl L. (2009). The Book of Mormon: A Very Short Introduction. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/actrade/9780195369311.001.0001. ISBN 978-0-19-936567-8. Wikidata Q114004901.
Coe 1973, pp. 41–42: "Let me now state uncategorically that as far as I know there is not one professionally trained archaeologist, who is not a Mormon, who sees any scientific justification for believing [the historicity of The Book of Mormon], and I would like to state that there are quite a few Mormon archaeologists who join this group"; Southerton 2004, p. xv: "Anthropologists and archaeologists, including some Mormons and former Mormons, have discovered little to support the existence of [Book of Mormon] civilizations. Over a period of 150 years, as scholars have seriously studied Native American cultures and prehistory, evidence of a Christian civilization in the Americas has eluded the specialists... These [Mesoamerican] cultures lack any trace of Hebrew or Egyptian writing, metallurgy, or the Old World domesticated animals and plants described in the Book of Mormon"; Williams 1991, pp. 162–166: "I will admit that I am skeptical of the original discovery [of the Book of Mormon]; the absence of the actual ancient documents makes detailed analysis impossible today." The exceptions are a handful of predominantly Latter-day Saint organizations that attempt historical and archeological research on the premise of ancient Book of Mormon historicity, such as FAIR (Faithful Answers, Informed Response), the Foundation for Ancient Research and Mormon Studies (now defunct), and the Interpreter Foundation. Coe, Michael D. (Summer 1973). "Mormons and Archaeology: An Outside View". Dialogue: A Journal of Mormon Thought. 8 (2): 41–48. doi:10.2307/45224400. JSTOR 45224400. S2CID 254386666. Southerton, Simon G. (2004). Losing a Lost Tribe: Native Americans, DNA, and the Mormon Church. Signature Books. ISBN 978-1-56085-181-3. OCLC 55534917. Williams, Stephen (1991). Fantastic Archaeology: The Wild Side of North American Prehistory. University of Pennsylvania Press. ISBN 0-8122-1312-2 – via Internet Archive.
Coe 1973, p. 46. "[A]bsolutely nothing, has ever shown up in any New World excavation which would suggest to a dispassionate observer that the Book of Mormon... is a historical document relating to the history of early migrants to our hemisphere." Coe, Michael D. (Summer 1973). "Mormons and Archaeology: An Outside View". Dialogue: A Journal of Mormon Thought. 8 (2): 41–48. doi:10.2307/45224400. JSTOR 45224400. S2CID 254386666.
For oxen and donkeys, see Davies 1973, p. 55. For the rest, see Coe 1973, p. 42. Davies, Horton (1973). Christian Deviations: The Challenge of the New Spiritual Movements (3rd ed.). Westminster Press. ISBN 978-0-664-24966-3. Coe, Michael D. (Summer 1973). "Mormons and Archaeology: An Outside View". Dialogue: A Journal of Mormon Thought. 8 (2): 41–48. doi:10.2307/45224400. JSTOR 45224400. S2CID 254386666.
Goebel, Ted; Waters, Michael R.; O'Rourke, Dennis H. (2008). "The Late Pleistocene dispersal of modern humans in the Americas" (PDF). Science. 319 (5869): 1497–1502. Bibcode:2008Sci...319.1497G. doi:10.1126/science.1153569. PMID 18339930. S2CID 36149744. Archived from the original (PDF) on January 2, 2014. Retrieved February 5, 2010.
Moreno-Mayar, JV; Potter, BA; Vinner, L; et al. (2018). "Terminal Pleistocene Alaskan genome reveals first founding population of Native Americans" (PDF). Nature. 553 (7687): 203–207. Bibcode:2018Natur.553..203M. doi:10.1038/nature25173. PMID 29323294. S2CID 4454580.
Núñez Castillo, Mélida Inés (December 20, 2021). Ancient genetic landscape of archaeological human remains from Panama, South America and Oceania described through STR genotype frequencies and mitochondrial DNA sequences. Dissertation (doctoralThesis). doi:10.53846/goediss-9012. S2CID 247052631.
Tamm, Erika; Kivisild, Toomas; Reidla, Maere; et al. (September 5, 2007). "Beringian Standstill and Spread of Native American Founders". PLOS ONE. 2 (9) e829. Bibcode:2007PLoSO...2..829T. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0000829. PMC 1952074. PMID 17786201.
Derenko, Miroslava; Malyarchuk, Boris; Grzybowski, Tomasz; et al. (December 21, 2010). "Origin and Post-Glacial Dispersal of Mitochondrial DNA Haplogroups C and D in Northern Asia". PLOS ONE. 5 (12) e15214. Bibcode:2010PLoSO...515214D. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0015214. PMC 3006427. PMID 21203537.
Bortolini, Maria-Catira; Salzano, Francisco M.; Thomas, Mark G.; et al. (September 2003). "Y-chromosome evidence for differing ancient demographic histories in the Americas". American Journal of Human Genetics. 73 (3): 524–539. doi:10.1086/377588. PMC 1180678. PMID 12900798.
Saillard, Juliette; Forster, Peter; Lynnerup, Niels; et al. (2000). "mtDNA Variation among Greenland Eskimos. The Edge of the Beringian Expansion". American Journal of Human Genetics. 67 (3): 718–726. doi:10.1086/303038. PMC 1287530. PMID 10924403.
Schurr, Theodore G. (October 21, 2004). "The Peopling of the New World: Perspectives from Molecular Anthropology". Annual Review of Anthropology. 33 (1): 551–583. Bibcode:2004ARAnt..33..551S. doi:10.1146/annurev.anthro.33.070203.143932.
Torroni, Antonio; Schurr, Theodore G.; Yang, Chi-Chuan; et al. (January 1992). "Native American Mitochondrial DNA Analysis Indicates That the Amerind and the Nadene Populations Were Founded by Two Independent Migrations". Genetics. 30 (1): 153–162. doi:10.1093/genetics/130.1.153. PMC 1204788. PMID 1346260.
"[A]ll major scholars on Isaiah view chapters 40–66 as written well after 600 BCE" (79n13) and "Many scholars have noted that other parts of Isaiah 2–14 were not written by Isaiah of Jerusalem but rather in the exilic or post-exilic periods" (87). See Townsend, Colby (Fall 2022). "'The Robe of Righteousness': Exilic and Post-Exilic Isaiah in The Book of Mormon". Dialogue: A Journal of Mormon Thought. 55 (3): 75–106. doi:10.5406/15549399.55.3.03. S2CID 253368342.
Duffy 2008, pp. 41–42, 48; Bushman 2005, p. 93. Coe (1973, pp. 42–45) identifies several twentieth-century Latter-day Saint advocates of Book of Mormon historicity. In an exception to the general trend, he also states that the most careful scholar in "the early-twentieth-century intellectual movement of 'Book of Mormon geography' was Louis E. Hills, a member of what was then the Reorganized Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints, today known as Community of Christ. Duffy, John-Charles (October 2008). "Mapping Book of Mormon Historicity Debates Part I: A Guide for the Overwhelmed" (PDF). Sunstone. pp. 36–62. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 9, 2022. Bushman, Richard Lyman (2005). Joseph Smith: Rough Stone Rolling. Alfred A. Knopf. ISBN 978-1-4000-4270-8. Coe, Michael D. (Summer 1973). "Mormons and Archaeology: An Outside View". Dialogue: A Journal of Mormon Thought. 8 (2): 41–48. doi:10.2307/45224400. JSTOR 45224400. S2CID 254386666.
For a description and critical assessment of Sorenson's view, see p. 128 of Murphy, Thomas (Winter 2003). "Simply Implausible: DNA and a Mesoamerican Setting for the Book of Mormon". Dialogue: A Journal of Mormon Thought. 36 (4): 109–131. doi:10.2307/45227190. ISSN 0012-2157. JSTOR 45227190. S2CID 128696235. Sorenson's own articulation can be found in Sorenson, John L. (1996). An Ancient American Setting for the Book of Mormon. Deseret Book Company. p. 355. ISBN 978-1-57345-157-4.
"Non-Mormon archaeologists are more likely to view Jakeman's twenty so-called 'correspondences in main features' and eighty-two 'detailed agreements or similarities' as a matter of mere chance based upon only superficial similarities" (Coe 1973, p. 44). For parallelomania, see Duffy 2008, p. 52. For an example of identifying parallelomania in apologetics for Latter Day Saint scriptural historicity, see Salmon, Douglas F. (Summer 2000). "Parallelomania and the Study of Latter-day Scripture: Confirmation, Coincidence, or the Collective Unconscious?". Dialogue: A Journal of Mormon Thought. 33 (2): 129–155. doi:10.2307/45226691. JSTOR 45226691. S2CID 197468102.. Coe, Michael D. (Summer 1973). "Mormons and Archaeology: An Outside View". Dialogue: A Journal of Mormon Thought. 8 (2): 41–48. doi:10.2307/45224400. JSTOR 45224400. S2CID 254386666. Duffy, John-Charles (October 2008). "Mapping Book of Mormon Historicity Debates Part I: A Guide for the Overwhelmed" (PDF). Sunstone. pp. 36–62. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 9, 2022.
Duffy 2008, p. 41. Moore, Richard G. (Spring 2014). "LDS Misconceptions About the Community of Christ" (PDF). Mormon Historical Studies. 15 (1): 1–23. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 9, 2022. Launius, Roger D. (Winter 2006). "Is Joseph Smith Relevant to the Community of Christ?". Dialogue: A Journal of Mormon Thought. 39 (4): 58–67. doi:10.2307/45227214. JSTOR 45227214. S2CID 254402921. Duffy, John-Charles (October 2008). "Mapping Book of Mormon Historicity Debates Part I: A Guide for the Overwhelmed" (PDF). Sunstone. pp. 36–62. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 9, 2022.
Jones 2016, p. 199. Jones, Glen Nelson (January 2016). "Search for Zarahemla, 1900: Expeditioneer Parley Pratt Nelson". Journal of Mormon History. 42 (1): 199–238. doi:10.5406/jmormhist.42.1.0199. JSTOR 10.5406/jmormhist.42.1.0199.
Dahl, Curtis (1961). "Mound-Builders, Mormons, and William Cullen Bryant". The New England Quarterly. 34 (2): 178–190. doi:10.2307/362525. JSTOR 362525.
Gutjahr 2019, p. 94. Gutjahr, Paul C. (2019). "Orson Pratt's Enduring Influence on The Book of Mormon". Americanist Approaches to The Book of Mormon. Oxford University Press. pp. 83–104. doi:10.1093/oso/9780190221928.003.0004. ISBN 978-0-19-022192-8.
Gutjahr 2019, p. 96. Gutjahr, Paul C. (2019). "Orson Pratt's Enduring Influence on The Book of Mormon". Americanist Approaches to The Book of Mormon. Oxford University Press. pp. 83–104. doi:10.1093/oso/9780190221928.003.0004. ISBN 978-0-19-022192-8.
Gutjahr 2019, p. 101. Gutjahr, Paul C. (2019). "Orson Pratt's Enduring Influence on The Book of Mormon". Americanist Approaches to The Book of Mormon. Oxford University Press. pp. 83–104. doi:10.1093/oso/9780190221928.003.0004. ISBN 978-0-19-022192-8.
Ellwood, Robert (August 2008). "The Book of Mormon: A Reader's Edition. Edited by Grant Hardy". Nova Religio: The Journal of Alternative and Emergent Religions. 12 (1): 130–131. doi:10.1525/nr.2008.12.1.130. JSTOR 10.1525/nr.2008.12.1.130; Brown, Samuel Morris (January 27, 2012). "Five Best: Samuel Morris Brown". The Wall Street Journal. Archived from the original on August 15, 2022. Ellwood gives the publication date of the edition as 2005; this refers to the paperback edition of the Reader's Edition. The hardcover was published in 2003, as Brown writes.
Frederick, Nicholas J. (2022). "'It Is Not an Easy Task, but It Cannot Be Avoided': On the Contribution of Royal Skousen". Roundtable Discussion: The Present of Book of Mormon Studies. Journal of Book of Mormon Studies. 31: 152–175. doi:10.14321/23744774.37.08 (inactive July 11, 2025) – via Scholarly Publishing Collective.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of July 2025 (link)
Austin, Michael (Summer 2019). "Reasonably Good Tidings of Greater-than-Average Joy: Grant Hardy, ed. The Book of Mormon: Another Testament of Jesus Christ, Maxwell Institute Study Edition". Dialogue: A Journal of Mormon Thought (review). 52 (2): 173–181. doi:10.5406/dialjmormthou.52.2.0173. S2CID 246628409.

ensignpeakfoundation.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

Moore, Richard G. (Spring 2014). "LDS Misconceptions About the Community of Christ" (PDF). Mormon Historical Studies. 15 (1): 1–23. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 9, 2022.
Duffy 2008, p. 41. Moore, Richard G. (Spring 2014). "LDS Misconceptions About the Community of Christ" (PDF). Mormon Historical Studies. 15 (1): 1–23. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 9, 2022. Launius, Roger D. (Winter 2006). "Is Joseph Smith Relevant to the Community of Christ?". Dialogue: A Journal of Mormon Thought. 39 (4): 58–67. doi:10.2307/45227214. JSTOR 45227214. S2CID 254402921. Duffy, John-Charles (October 2008). "Mapping Book of Mormon Historicity Debates Part I: A Guide for the Overwhelmed" (PDF). Sunstone. pp. 36–62. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 9, 2022.

escholarship.org (Global: 1,477^th place; English: 863^rd place)

Taves 2014, p. 4. Taves, Ann (2014). "History and the Claims of Revelation: Joseph Smith and the Materialization of the Golden Plates". Numen: International Review for the History of Religions. 61 (2–3): 182–207. doi:10.1163/15685276-12341315. S2CID 170900524 – via eScholarship.
The materiality of the plates Smith said he translated from has long been a matter of controversy in historical studies of Smith and the Book of Mormon. Those who for religious reasons accept Smith's account of the book as having miraculous and ancient origins by corollary also have tended to believe there were authentic, ancient plates. Meanwhile, in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, naturalistic interpretations of Smith's history and the Book of Mormon generally took for granted the plates had no material existence and were fictitious due to either delusion or deception, or otherwise existed only in the religious imaginary. However, "believing historians" have argued that the documentary evidence points to Smith and eyewitnesses to him consistently behaving as though he did possess material plates. Religious studies scholar Ann Taves summarizes, "that there were no actual golden plates... is so obvious to some historians that they are taken aback when they discover that many Mormon intellectuals believe there were", while "Many believing historians... in turn wonder how well-trained, non-believing historians can dismiss so much evidence" (2). In the twenty-first century, naturalistic interpretations have posited that the plates were materially real, but that Smith crafted them himself (possibly out of tin or copper), either to match his vision of the plates or after being inspired by seeing copper stereotyped printing plates (perhaps at a printing shop or, by happenstance, literally buried in the ground). Taves argues Smith nevertheless believed the plates constituted an authentic, ancient record and that crafting plates himself "can be understood as representing or even co-creating the reality of the plates... the way Eucharistic wafers are thought to be transformed into the literal body of Christ" (9). For this historiography and an argument that Smith crafted the plates in a process of materialization, see Taves (2014, pp. 1–11). For another view on this historiography and an argument that an encounter with printing plates inspired or shaped Smith's concept of the Book of Mormon plates, see Hazard, Sonia (Summer 2021). "How Joseph Smith Encountered Printing Plates and Founded Mormonism". Religion & American Culture. 31 (2): 137–192. doi:10.1017/rac.2021.11. S2CID 237394042. Taves, Ann (2014). "History and the Claims of Revelation: Joseph Smith and the Materialization of the Golden Plates". Numen: International Review for the History of Religions. 61 (2–3): 182–207. doi:10.1163/15685276-12341315. S2CID 170900524 – via eScholarship.
Taves 2014, p. 5. Taves, Ann (2014). "History and the Claims of Revelation: Joseph Smith and the Materialization of the Golden Plates". Numen: International Review for the History of Religions. 61 (2–3): 182–207. doi:10.1163/15685276-12341315. S2CID 170900524 – via eScholarship.
See Davis 2020, p. 160: "Whatever position the reader might take on the origins of the Book of Mormon, a careful review of historical claims favors the idea that Joseph Smith himself sincerely believed, to one degree or another, that his epic work contained an authentic historical account of ancient American civilizations"; and Taves 2014, p. 13: "If we consider Joseph's directive, the obedient response of insiders, and their willingness to protect the plates from skeptical outsiders, we can envision an alternative way to view the materialization of the plates that involved neither recovery and translation in any usual sense nor necessarily deception or fraud, but rather a process through which a small group—who believed in the power of revelatory dream-visions, in ancient inhabitants of the Americas, and in golden records buried in a hillside—came to believe that a material object covered by a cloth or hidden in a box were the ancient plates revealed to Smith by the ancient Nephite Moroni. Either/or views of the plates rest on a narrow conception of the materialization process, such that he either dug them up or he did not. Highlighting the crucial role played by those who believed in the reality of the ancient plates suggests a broader view that embeds the recovery of the plates in a process of materialization". For the significance of these interpretations in scholarship on Book of Mormon provenance, see Mason, Patrick Q. (2022). "History, Religious Studies, and Book of Mormon Studes". Roundtable Discussion: The Present of Book of Mormon Studies. Journal of Book of Mormon Studies. 31: 35–55. doi:10.14321/23744774.37.03 (inactive July 11, 2025).{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of July 2025 (link) Davis, William L. (2020). Visions in a Seer Stone: Joseph Smith and the Making of the Book of Mormon. University of North Carolina Press. ISBN 978-1-4696-5567-3. Taves, Ann (2014). "History and the Claims of Revelation: Joseph Smith and the Materialization of the Golden Plates". Numen: International Review for the History of Religions. 61 (2–3): 182–207. doi:10.1163/15685276-12341315. S2CID 170900524 – via eScholarship.

fromthedesk.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

Bushman, Richard (August 22, 2020). "Richard Bushman on the Gold Plates". From the Desk (Interview). Interviewed by Kurt Manwaring. Archived from the original on November 2, 2021.

ghostarchive.org (Global: 64^th place; English: 28^th place)

Hales, Brian C. (2019). "Naturalistic Explanations of the Origin of the Book of Mormon: A Longitudinal Study" (PDF). BYU Studies Quarterly. 58 (3): 105–148. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 9, 2022.
Welch, John W. (2018). "Timing the Translation of the Book of Mormon: 'Days [and Hours] Never to Be Forgotten'" (PDF). BYU Studies Quarterly. 57 (4): 10–50. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 9, 2022.
Moore, Richard G. (Spring 2014). "LDS Misconceptions About the Community of Christ" (PDF). Mormon Historical Studies. 15 (1): 1–23. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 9, 2022.
Duffy 2008, pp. 45–46. Duffy, John-Charles (October 2008). "Mapping Book of Mormon Historicity Debates Part I: A Guide for the Overwhelmed" (PDF). Sunstone. pp. 36–62. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 9, 2022.
Duffy 2008, p. 48. Duffy, John-Charles (October 2008). "Mapping Book of Mormon Historicity Debates Part I: A Guide for the Overwhelmed" (PDF). Sunstone. pp. 36–62. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 9, 2022.
One popular traditional view of the Book of Mormon suggested that Native Americans were principally the descendants of an Israelite migration around 600 BC. However, DNA evidence shows no Near Eastern component in the Native American genetic make-up. " ...[T]he DNA lineages of Central America resemble those of other Native American tribes throughout the two continents. Over 99 percent of the lineages found among native groups from this region are clearly of Asian descent. Modern and ancient DNA samples tested from among the Maya generally fall into the major founding lineage classes... The Mayan Empire has been regarded by Mormons to be the closest to the people of the Book of Mormon because its people were literate and culturally sophisticated. However, leading New World anthropologists, including those specializing in the region, have found the Maya to be similarly related to Asians"; see Southerton (2004, p. 191). Defenders of the book's historical authenticity suggest that the Book of Mormon does not disallow for other groups of people to have contributed to the genetic make-up of Native Americans—see Duffy (2008, pp. 41, 48)—and in 2006, the church changed its introduction to the official LDS edition of the Book of Mormon to allow for a greater diversity of ancestry of Native Americans; see Moore (2007). Southerton, Simon G. (2004). Losing a Lost Tribe: Native Americans, DNA, and the Mormon Church. Signature Books. ISBN 978-1-56085-181-3. OCLC 55534917. Duffy, John-Charles (October 2008). "Mapping Book of Mormon Historicity Debates Part I: A Guide for the Overwhelmed" (PDF). Sunstone. pp. 36–62. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 9, 2022.
Duffy 2008, p. 46. Duffy, John-Charles (October 2008). "Mapping Book of Mormon Historicity Debates Part I: A Guide for the Overwhelmed" (PDF). Sunstone. pp. 36–62. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 9, 2022.
Duffy 2008, pp. 41–42, 48; Bushman 2005, p. 93. Coe (1973, pp. 42–45) identifies several twentieth-century Latter-day Saint advocates of Book of Mormon historicity. In an exception to the general trend, he also states that the most careful scholar in "the early-twentieth-century intellectual movement of 'Book of Mormon geography' was Louis E. Hills, a member of what was then the Reorganized Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints, today known as Community of Christ. Duffy, John-Charles (October 2008). "Mapping Book of Mormon Historicity Debates Part I: A Guide for the Overwhelmed" (PDF). Sunstone. pp. 36–62. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 9, 2022. Bushman, Richard Lyman (2005). Joseph Smith: Rough Stone Rolling. Alfred A. Knopf. ISBN 978-1-4000-4270-8. Coe, Michael D. (Summer 1973). "Mormons and Archaeology: An Outside View". Dialogue: A Journal of Mormon Thought. 8 (2): 41–48. doi:10.2307/45224400. JSTOR 45224400. S2CID 254386666.
Duffy 2008, pp. 41, 46. "Apologists reply that these arguments do not invalidate Book of Mormon historicity, only a hemispheric scenario for Book of Mormon history." Duffy, John-Charles (October 2008). "Mapping Book of Mormon Historicity Debates Part I: A Guide for the Overwhelmed" (PDF). Sunstone. pp. 36–62. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 9, 2022.
Duffy 2008, p. 45. "Apologists' ... response to anachronisms is to argue that Smith's translation of the Book of Mormon may apply familiar words to unfamiliar but comparable items. 'Cimeter' may refer to some other, loosely similar weapon; 'flocks' may refer to turkeys or dogs; 'horses' may refer to deer. Apologists note that reapplying familiar names has historical precedent: it was done by the Spanish conquistadors as well as by the King James translators, who anachronistically used the word 'steel' to refer to other kinds of metal." Duffy, John-Charles (October 2008). "Mapping Book of Mormon Historicity Debates Part I: A Guide for the Overwhelmed" (PDF). Sunstone. pp. 36–62. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 9, 2022.
"One of the most popular has been chiasmus, a stylistic feature of the Hebrew Bible which John Welch first identified in the Book of Mormon while a missionary in the 1960s. Welch was particularly impressed to find that the entire chapter of Alma 36 is a complex, extended chiasm" (Duffy 2008, p. 51). For more on chiasmus in the Bible, see Breck, John (1994). The Shape of Biblical Language: Chiasmus in the Scriptures and Beyond. St. Vladimir's Seminary Press. pp. 33–37, 39. ISBN 0-88141-139-6. Duffy, John-Charles (October 2008). "Mapping Book of Mormon Historicity Debates Part I: A Guide for the Overwhelmed" (PDF). Sunstone. pp. 36–62. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 9, 2022.
"Non-Mormon archaeologists are more likely to view Jakeman's twenty so-called 'correspondences in main features' and eighty-two 'detailed agreements or similarities' as a matter of mere chance based upon only superficial similarities" (Coe 1973, p. 44). For parallelomania, see Duffy 2008, p. 52. For an example of identifying parallelomania in apologetics for Latter Day Saint scriptural historicity, see Salmon, Douglas F. (Summer 2000). "Parallelomania and the Study of Latter-day Scripture: Confirmation, Coincidence, or the Collective Unconscious?". Dialogue: A Journal of Mormon Thought. 33 (2): 129–155. doi:10.2307/45226691. JSTOR 45226691. S2CID 197468102.. Coe, Michael D. (Summer 1973). "Mormons and Archaeology: An Outside View". Dialogue: A Journal of Mormon Thought. 8 (2): 41–48. doi:10.2307/45224400. JSTOR 45224400. S2CID 254386666. Duffy, John-Charles (October 2008). "Mapping Book of Mormon Historicity Debates Part I: A Guide for the Overwhelmed" (PDF). Sunstone. pp. 36–62. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 9, 2022.
Duffy 2008, p. 42. "Thanks to the Internet, the number of Saints engaged in written apologetics, and the size of their audience, has grown. Thus the DNA controversy has done much to privilege a limited Book of Mormon geography within the Church, over the more fundamentalistic understandings of earlier authorities such as Joseph Fielding Smith and Bruce R. McConkie." Duffy, John-Charles (October 2008). "Mapping Book of Mormon Historicity Debates Part I: A Guide for the Overwhelmed" (PDF). Sunstone. pp. 36–62. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 9, 2022.
Duffy 2008, p. 57. "However, this historical development should not entirely eclipse the fact that LDS thinking about Book of Mormon historicity has been, and continues to be, diverse. Granted that revisionists constitute a stigmatized and evidently very small minority, who differ among themselves in their understanding of the book's status as scripture. But even Latter-day Saints who accept historicity hold differing views regarding how accurately or transparently the Book of Mormon reports the ancient past or to what extent the translation process may have allowed Joseph Smith's nineteenth-century ideas to be incorporated into the text." Duffy, John-Charles (October 2008). "Mapping Book of Mormon Historicity Debates Part I: A Guide for the Overwhelmed" (PDF). Sunstone. pp. 36–62. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 9, 2022.
"Some of [Community of Christ]'s senior leadership consider the Book of Mormon to be inspired historical fiction" (Southerton 2004, p. 201). For a comparison to the Book of Job, see Duffy 2008, pp. 54–55. "Denise Hopkins, a professor of Hebrew Bible at Wesley Theological Seminary", Gregory Prince reports, described the Book of Mormon as "a book-length midrash on the King James Bible." See Prince, Gregory (Fall 2018). "Own Your Religion". Sunstone. No. 187. Southerton, Simon G. (2004). Losing a Lost Tribe: Native Americans, DNA, and the Mormon Church. Signature Books. ISBN 978-1-56085-181-3. OCLC 55534917. Duffy, John-Charles (October 2008). "Mapping Book of Mormon Historicity Debates Part I: A Guide for the Overwhelmed" (PDF). Sunstone. pp. 36–62. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 9, 2022.
Duffy 2008, p. 41. Moore, Richard G. (Spring 2014). "LDS Misconceptions About the Community of Christ" (PDF). Mormon Historical Studies. 15 (1): 1–23. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 9, 2022. Launius, Roger D. (Winter 2006). "Is Joseph Smith Relevant to the Community of Christ?". Dialogue: A Journal of Mormon Thought. 39 (4): 58–67. doi:10.2307/45227214. JSTOR 45227214. S2CID 254402921. Duffy, John-Charles (October 2008). "Mapping Book of Mormon Historicity Debates Part I: A Guide for the Overwhelmed" (PDF). Sunstone. pp. 36–62. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 9, 2022.
Duffy 2008, pp. 54–57. Duffy, John-Charles (October 2008). "Mapping Book of Mormon Historicity Debates Part I: A Guide for the Overwhelmed" (PDF). Sunstone. pp. 36–62. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 9, 2022.
Duffy 2008, p. 42. Duffy, John-Charles (October 2008). "Mapping Book of Mormon Historicity Debates Part I: A Guide for the Overwhelmed" (PDF). Sunstone. pp. 36–62. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 9, 2022.
Garlinghouse, Thomas (September 2001). "Revisiting the Mound Builder Controversy" (PDF). History Today. 51 (9): 38. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 9, 2022.
Harris, Elizabeth A. (October 13, 2019). "Lights. Camera. Prayer. A Mini-Hollywood Grows in Utah". The New York Times. Archived from the original on January 1, 2022. Retrieved July 31, 2020.

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Barnes 2012, p. 501. Barnes, Jane (2012). "Post-Modern Joseph Smith: Faith and Irony". The Hopkins Review. 5 (4): 490–507. doi:10.1353/thr.2012.0074. ISSN 1939-9774.

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Bushman 2007, pp. 77–79. Bushman, Richard Lyman (September 2007). "What's New in Mormon History: A Response to Jan Shipps". Journal of American History. 94 (2): 517–521. doi:10.2307/25094963. JSTOR 25094963.
Gutjahr 2012, pp. 47–51. Gutjahr, Paul C. (2012). The Book of Mormon: A Biography. Lives of Great Religious Books. Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-14480-1. JSTOR j.ctt7s5sf – via Internet Archive.
"Thus in 1945 the Spaulding theory of the origin of the Book of Mormon was still strongly in vogue, most scholarly works accepting it as the explanation of the origin of the Book of Mormon. Following [Fawn Brodie's] trenchant attack on the theory its popularity quickly declined. Today nobody gives it credence" (Hill 1972, p. 73); and "Brodie demolished the theory" (Albanese 2008, p. 148). Hill, Marvin S. (Winter 1972). "Brodie Revisited: A Reappraisal". Dialogue: A Journal of Mormon Thought. 7 (4): 72–85. doi:10.2307/45224368. JSTOR 45224368. S2CID 254311417. Albanese, Catherine (2008). A Republic of Mind and Spirit: A Cultural History of American Metaphysical Religion. Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-11089-0.
Gutjahr 2012, p. 51. Gutjahr, Paul C. (2012). The Book of Mormon: A Biography. Lives of Great Religious Books. Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-14480-1. JSTOR j.ctt7s5sf – via Internet Archive.
Ashurst-McGee, Mark (Summer 2012). "Zion in America: The Origins of Mormon Constitutionalism". Journal of Mormon History. 38 (3): 90–101. doi:10.2307/23291618. JSTOR 23291618. S2CID 254490392.
Johnson, Janiece (2018). "Becoming a People of the Books: Toward an Understanding of Early Mormon Converts and the New Word of the Lord". Journal of Book of Mormon Studies. 27: 1–43. JSTOR 10.5406/jbookmormstud2.27.2018.0001. S2CID 254309156. Archived from the original on July 7, 2022 – via BYU ScholarsArchive.
Underwood, Grant (Fall 1984). "Book of Mormon Usage in Early LDS Theology". Dialogue: A Journal of Mormon Thought. 17 (3): 36–74. doi:10.2307/45227937. JSTOR 45227937. S2CID 254397416. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 5, 2021.
Gutjahr 2012, p. 82. Gutjahr, Paul C. (2012). The Book of Mormon: A Biography. Lives of Great Religious Books. Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-14480-1. JSTOR j.ctt7s5sf – via Internet Archive.
Gutjahr 2012, p. 83. Gutjahr, Paul C. (2012). The Book of Mormon: A Biography. Lives of Great Religious Books. Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-14480-1. JSTOR j.ctt7s5sf – via Internet Archive.
Stokes, Adam Oliver (2016). "Mixing the Old with the New: The Implications of Reading the Book of Mormon from a Literary Perspective". Reviews. Journal of Book of Mormon Studies. 25: 85–92. JSTOR 10.18809/jbms.2016.0108 – via BYU ScholarsArchive.
Gutjahr 2012, p. 69. Gutjahr, Paul C. (2012). The Book of Mormon: A Biography. Lives of Great Religious Books. Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-14480-1. JSTOR j.ctt7s5sf – via Internet Archive.
Gutjahr 2012, pp. 72–75. Gutjahr, Paul C. (2012). The Book of Mormon: A Biography. Lives of Great Religious Books. Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-14480-1. JSTOR j.ctt7s5sf – via Internet Archive.
Gutjahr 2012, p. 72. Gutjahr, Paul C. (2012). The Book of Mormon: A Biography. Lives of Great Religious Books. Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-14480-1. JSTOR j.ctt7s5sf – via Internet Archive.
Murphy, Thomas W. (Fall 2000). "Other Mormon Histories: Lamanite Subjectivity in Mexico". Journal of Mormon History. 26 (2): 179–214. ISSN 0094-7342. JSTOR 23288220.
Murphy, Thomas W. (Summer 1999). "From Racist Stereotype to Ethnic Identity: Instrumental Uses of Mormon Racial Doctrine". Ethnohistory. 46 (3): 451–480. ISSN 0014-1801. JSTOR 483199. PMID 20499476.
Coe 1973, pp. 41–42: "Let me now state uncategorically that as far as I know there is not one professionally trained archaeologist, who is not a Mormon, who sees any scientific justification for believing [the historicity of The Book of Mormon], and I would like to state that there are quite a few Mormon archaeologists who join this group"; Southerton 2004, p. xv: "Anthropologists and archaeologists, including some Mormons and former Mormons, have discovered little to support the existence of [Book of Mormon] civilizations. Over a period of 150 years, as scholars have seriously studied Native American cultures and prehistory, evidence of a Christian civilization in the Americas has eluded the specialists... These [Mesoamerican] cultures lack any trace of Hebrew or Egyptian writing, metallurgy, or the Old World domesticated animals and plants described in the Book of Mormon"; Williams 1991, pp. 162–166: "I will admit that I am skeptical of the original discovery [of the Book of Mormon]; the absence of the actual ancient documents makes detailed analysis impossible today." The exceptions are a handful of predominantly Latter-day Saint organizations that attempt historical and archeological research on the premise of ancient Book of Mormon historicity, such as FAIR (Faithful Answers, Informed Response), the Foundation for Ancient Research and Mormon Studies (now defunct), and the Interpreter Foundation. Coe, Michael D. (Summer 1973). "Mormons and Archaeology: An Outside View". Dialogue: A Journal of Mormon Thought. 8 (2): 41–48. doi:10.2307/45224400. JSTOR 45224400. S2CID 254386666. Southerton, Simon G. (2004). Losing a Lost Tribe: Native Americans, DNA, and the Mormon Church. Signature Books. ISBN 978-1-56085-181-3. OCLC 55534917. Williams, Stephen (1991). Fantastic Archaeology: The Wild Side of North American Prehistory. University of Pennsylvania Press. ISBN 0-8122-1312-2 – via Internet Archive.
Coe 1973, p. 46. "[A]bsolutely nothing, has ever shown up in any New World excavation which would suggest to a dispassionate observer that the Book of Mormon... is a historical document relating to the history of early migrants to our hemisphere." Coe, Michael D. (Summer 1973). "Mormons and Archaeology: An Outside View". Dialogue: A Journal of Mormon Thought. 8 (2): 41–48. doi:10.2307/45224400. JSTOR 45224400. S2CID 254386666.
For oxen and donkeys, see Davies 1973, p. 55. For the rest, see Coe 1973, p. 42. Davies, Horton (1973). Christian Deviations: The Challenge of the New Spiritual Movements (3rd ed.). Westminster Press. ISBN 978-0-664-24966-3. Coe, Michael D. (Summer 1973). "Mormons and Archaeology: An Outside View". Dialogue: A Journal of Mormon Thought. 8 (2): 41–48. doi:10.2307/45224400. JSTOR 45224400. S2CID 254386666.
Gardner, Brant A. (2021). "A Personal Perspective on Book of Mormon Historicity and Apologetics". Journal of Book of Mormon Studies. 30: 142–164. JSTOR 10.5406/jbookmormstud2.30.2021.0142. S2CID 254309955.
Shields, Steven L. (2021). "The Quest for 'Reformed Egyptian'". The John Whitmer Historical Association Journal. 41 (2). John Whitmer Historical Association: 101. ISSN 0739-7852. JSTOR 27112676.
Duffy 2008, pp. 41–42, 48; Bushman 2005, p. 93. Coe (1973, pp. 42–45) identifies several twentieth-century Latter-day Saint advocates of Book of Mormon historicity. In an exception to the general trend, he also states that the most careful scholar in "the early-twentieth-century intellectual movement of 'Book of Mormon geography' was Louis E. Hills, a member of what was then the Reorganized Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints, today known as Community of Christ. Duffy, John-Charles (October 2008). "Mapping Book of Mormon Historicity Debates Part I: A Guide for the Overwhelmed" (PDF). Sunstone. pp. 36–62. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 9, 2022. Bushman, Richard Lyman (2005). Joseph Smith: Rough Stone Rolling. Alfred A. Knopf. ISBN 978-1-4000-4270-8. Coe, Michael D. (Summer 1973). "Mormons and Archaeology: An Outside View". Dialogue: A Journal of Mormon Thought. 8 (2): 41–48. doi:10.2307/45224400. JSTOR 45224400. S2CID 254386666.
For a description and critical assessment of Sorenson's view, see p. 128 of Murphy, Thomas (Winter 2003). "Simply Implausible: DNA and a Mesoamerican Setting for the Book of Mormon". Dialogue: A Journal of Mormon Thought. 36 (4): 109–131. doi:10.2307/45227190. ISSN 0012-2157. JSTOR 45227190. S2CID 128696235. Sorenson's own articulation can be found in Sorenson, John L. (1996). An Ancient American Setting for the Book of Mormon. Deseret Book Company. p. 355. ISBN 978-1-57345-157-4.
"Non-Mormon archaeologists are more likely to view Jakeman's twenty so-called 'correspondences in main features' and eighty-two 'detailed agreements or similarities' as a matter of mere chance based upon only superficial similarities" (Coe 1973, p. 44). For parallelomania, see Duffy 2008, p. 52. For an example of identifying parallelomania in apologetics for Latter Day Saint scriptural historicity, see Salmon, Douglas F. (Summer 2000). "Parallelomania and the Study of Latter-day Scripture: Confirmation, Coincidence, or the Collective Unconscious?". Dialogue: A Journal of Mormon Thought. 33 (2): 129–155. doi:10.2307/45226691. JSTOR 45226691. S2CID 197468102.. Coe, Michael D. (Summer 1973). "Mormons and Archaeology: An Outside View". Dialogue: A Journal of Mormon Thought. 8 (2): 41–48. doi:10.2307/45224400. JSTOR 45224400. S2CID 254386666. Duffy, John-Charles (October 2008). "Mapping Book of Mormon Historicity Debates Part I: A Guide for the Overwhelmed" (PDF). Sunstone. pp. 36–62. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 9, 2022.
Duffy 2008, p. 41. Moore, Richard G. (Spring 2014). "LDS Misconceptions About the Community of Christ" (PDF). Mormon Historical Studies. 15 (1): 1–23. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 9, 2022. Launius, Roger D. (Winter 2006). "Is Joseph Smith Relevant to the Community of Christ?". Dialogue: A Journal of Mormon Thought. 39 (4): 58–67. doi:10.2307/45227214. JSTOR 45227214. S2CID 254402921. Duffy, John-Charles (October 2008). "Mapping Book of Mormon Historicity Debates Part I: A Guide for the Overwhelmed" (PDF). Sunstone. pp. 36–62. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 9, 2022.
Jones 2016, p. 199. Jones, Glen Nelson (January 2016). "Search for Zarahemla, 1900: Expeditioneer Parley Pratt Nelson". Journal of Mormon History. 42 (1): 199–238. doi:10.5406/jmormhist.42.1.0199. JSTOR 10.5406/jmormhist.42.1.0199.
Dahl, Curtis (1961). "Mound-Builders, Mormons, and William Cullen Bryant". The New England Quarterly. 34 (2): 178–190. doi:10.2307/362525. JSTOR 362525.
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Scherer 2001, p. 47n16. Scherer, Mark A. (Fall 2001). "'Called by a New Name': Mission, Identity, and the Reorganized Church". Journal of Mormon History. 27 (2): 40–63. JSTOR 23288258.
Stocks 1989, p. 66. Stocks, Hugh G. (1989). "RLDS Publishing and the Book of Mormon, 1860–1910". John Whitmer Historical Association Journal. 9: 59–73. JSTOR 43200834.
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Fales, Susan L. (Fall 1992). "Encyclopedia of Mormonism". RQ (review). 32 (1): 111–112. ISSN 0033-7072. JSTOR 25829209.
Poll, Richard D. (Fall 1992). "Encyclopedia of Mormonism: The History, Scripture, Doctrine, and Procedure of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints". Journal of Mormon History (review). 18 (2): 205–213. ISSN 0094-7342. JSTOR 23286410.
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Torroni, Antonio; Schurr, Theodore G.; Yang, Chi-Chuan; et al. (January 1992). "Native American Mitochondrial DNA Analysis Indicates That the Amerind and the Nadene Populations Were Founded by Two Independent Migrations". Genetics. 30 (1): 153–162. doi:10.1093/genetics/130.1.153. PMC 1204788. PMID 1346260.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Tamm, Erika; Kivisild, Toomas; Reidla, Maere; et al. (September 5, 2007). "Beringian Standstill and Spread of Native American Founders". PLOS ONE. 2 (9) e829. Bibcode:2007PLoSO...2..829T. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0000829. PMC 1952074. PMID 17786201.
Derenko, Miroslava; Malyarchuk, Boris; Grzybowski, Tomasz; et al. (December 21, 2010). "Origin and Post-Glacial Dispersal of Mitochondrial DNA Haplogroups C and D in Northern Asia". PLOS ONE. 5 (12) e15214. Bibcode:2010PLoSO...515214D. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0015214. PMC 3006427. PMID 21203537.
Bortolini, Maria-Catira; Salzano, Francisco M.; Thomas, Mark G.; et al. (September 2003). "Y-chromosome evidence for differing ancient demographic histories in the Americas". American Journal of Human Genetics. 73 (3): 524–539. doi:10.1086/377588. PMC 1180678. PMID 12900798.
Saillard, Juliette; Forster, Peter; Lynnerup, Niels; et al. (2000). "mtDNA Variation among Greenland Eskimos. The Edge of the Beringian Expansion". American Journal of Human Genetics. 67 (3): 718–726. doi:10.1086/303038. PMC 1287530. PMID 10924403.
Torroni, Antonio; Schurr, Theodore G.; Yang, Chi-Chuan; et al. (January 1992). "Native American Mitochondrial DNA Analysis Indicates That the Amerind and the Nadene Populations Were Founded by Two Independent Migrations". Genetics. 30 (1): 153–162. doi:10.1093/genetics/130.1.153. PMC 1204788. PMID 1346260.

nytimes.com (Global: 7^th place; English: 7^th place)

Zimmer, Carl (January 3, 2018). "In the Bones of a Buried Child, Signs of a Massive Human Migration to the Americas". The New York Times. Retrieved January 3, 2018.
Harris, Elizabeth A. (October 13, 2019). "Lights. Camera. Prayer. A Mini-Hollywood Grows in Utah". The New York Times. Archived from the original on January 1, 2022. Retrieved July 31, 2020.

openlibrary.org (Global: 185^th place; English: 154^th place)

Hardy 2010, p. 3. Hardy, Grant (2010). Understanding the Book of Mormon: A Reader's Guide. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-973170-1. OL 24418834M. Wikidata Q123382112.
Hardy 2010, pp. xi–xiii, 6. Hardy, Grant (2010). Understanding the Book of Mormon: A Reader's Guide. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-973170-1. OL 24418834M. Wikidata Q123382112.
Hardy 2010, pp. 5–6. Hardy, Grant (2010). Understanding the Book of Mormon: A Reader's Guide. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-973170-1. OL 24418834M. Wikidata Q123382112.
Hardy 2010, p. 6. Hardy, Grant (2010). Understanding the Book of Mormon: A Reader's Guide. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-973170-1. OL 24418834M. Wikidata Q123382112.
Hardy, Grant (2009). "Introduction". In Skousen, Royal (ed.). The Book of Mormon: The Earliest Text. Yale University Press. pp. vii–xxviii. ISBN 978-0-300-14218-1. OL 23212827M. Wikidata Q124395703.
Maffly-Kipp 2008, p. xxvi. Maffly-Kipp, Laurie F. (2008). "Introduction". The Book of Mormon. Penguin Classics. Penguin Books. pp. vi–xxxii. ISBN 978-0-14-310553-4. OL 16856782M.
Hardy 2010, p. 5. Hardy, Grant (2010). Understanding the Book of Mormon: A Reader's Guide. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-973170-1. OL 24418834M. Wikidata Q123382112.
Maffly-Kipp 2008, pp. ix–x. Maffly-Kipp, Laurie F. (2008). "Introduction". The Book of Mormon. Penguin Classics. Penguin Books. pp. vi–xxxii. ISBN 978-0-14-310553-4. OL 16856782M.
Maffly-Kipp 2008, p. x. Maffly-Kipp, Laurie F. (2008). "Introduction". The Book of Mormon. Penguin Classics. Penguin Books. pp. vi–xxxii. ISBN 978-0-14-310553-4. OL 16856782M.
Hardy 2010, pp. 6–7. Hardy, Grant (2010). Understanding the Book of Mormon: A Reader's Guide. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-973170-1. OL 24418834M. Wikidata Q123382112.
Hardy 2010, pp. 8, 10, 90. Hardy, Grant (2010). Understanding the Book of Mormon: A Reader's Guide. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-973170-1. OL 24418834M. Wikidata Q123382112.
Hardy 2010, p. 10. Hardy, Grant (2010). Understanding the Book of Mormon: A Reader's Guide. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-973170-1. OL 24418834M. Wikidata Q123382112.
Maffly-Kipp 2008, p. ix. Maffly-Kipp, Laurie F. (2008). "Introduction". The Book of Mormon. Penguin Classics. Penguin Books. pp. vi–xxxii. ISBN 978-0-14-310553-4. OL 16856782M.
Hardy 2010, p. 217. Hardy, Grant (2010). Understanding the Book of Mormon: A Reader's Guide. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-973170-1. OL 24418834M. Wikidata Q123382112.
Hardy 2010, pp. 217–219, 262–265. Hardy, Grant (2010). Understanding the Book of Mormon: A Reader's Guide. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-973170-1. OL 24418834M. Wikidata Q123382112.
Hardy 2010, pp. 264–267. Hardy, Grant (2010). Understanding the Book of Mormon: A Reader's Guide. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-973170-1. OL 24418834M. Wikidata Q123382112.
Maffly-Kipp 2008, pp. ix–xi. Maffly-Kipp, Laurie F. (2008). "Introduction". The Book of Mormon. Penguin Classics. Penguin Books. pp. vi–xxxii. ISBN 978-0-14-310553-4. OL 16856782M.
Hardy 2010, p. 53. Hardy, Grant (2010). Understanding the Book of Mormon: A Reader's Guide. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-973170-1. OL 24418834M. Wikidata Q123382112.
Hardy 2010, p. 7. Hardy, Grant (2010). Understanding the Book of Mormon: A Reader's Guide. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-973170-1. OL 24418834M. Wikidata Q123382112.
Hardy 2010, p. 196. Hardy, Grant (2010). Understanding the Book of Mormon: A Reader's Guide. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-973170-1. OL 24418834M. Wikidata Q123382112.
Maffly-Kipp 2008, pp. xx–xxi. Maffly-Kipp, Laurie F. (2008). "Introduction". The Book of Mormon. Penguin Classics. Penguin Books. pp. vi–xxxii. ISBN 978-0-14-310553-4. OL 16856782M.
Maffly-Kipp 2008, p. xxiv. Maffly-Kipp, Laurie F. (2008). "Introduction". The Book of Mormon. Penguin Classics. Penguin Books. pp. vi–xxxii. ISBN 978-0-14-310553-4. OL 16856782M.
Hardy (2010, p. 291n28), summarizes, "The level of consensus on this issue, especially in a field as contentious as biblical studies, is remarkable (and certainly includes scholars who believe in inspiration and prophecy)." Hardy, Grant (2010). Understanding the Book of Mormon: A Reader's Guide. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-973170-1. OL 24418834M. Wikidata Q123382112.
See Hardy (2010, pp. 291n31–292n31), who also suggests how a reader who considers the Book of Mormon authentically ancient might account for the presence of post-exilic Isaiah in the text. He adds, "I don't expect that non-Mormons will find any of [these explanations] remotely plausible." Hardy, Grant (2010). Understanding the Book of Mormon: A Reader's Guide. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-973170-1. OL 24418834M. Wikidata Q123382112.
Maffly-Kipp 2008, p. xxxi. Maffly-Kipp, Laurie F. (2008). "Introduction". The Book of Mormon. Penguin Classics. Penguin Books. pp. vi–xxxii. ISBN 978-0-14-310553-4. OL 16856782M.

oup.com (Global: 292^nd place; English: 233^rd place)

academic.oup.com

Hardy 2010, p. 3. Hardy, Grant (2010). Understanding the Book of Mormon: A Reader's Guide. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-973170-1. OL 24418834M. Wikidata Q123382112.
Hardy 2010, pp. xi–xiii, 6. Hardy, Grant (2010). Understanding the Book of Mormon: A Reader's Guide. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-973170-1. OL 24418834M. Wikidata Q123382112.
Hardy 2010, pp. 5–6. Hardy, Grant (2010). Understanding the Book of Mormon: A Reader's Guide. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-973170-1. OL 24418834M. Wikidata Q123382112.
Hardy 2010, p. 6. Hardy, Grant (2010). Understanding the Book of Mormon: A Reader's Guide. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-973170-1. OL 24418834M. Wikidata Q123382112.
Bushman 2007, pp. 77–79. Bushman, Richard Lyman (September 2007). "What's New in Mormon History: A Response to Jan Shipps". Journal of American History. 94 (2): 517–521. doi:10.2307/25094963. JSTOR 25094963.
Hardy 2010, p. 5. Hardy, Grant (2010). Understanding the Book of Mormon: A Reader's Guide. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-973170-1. OL 24418834M. Wikidata Q123382112.
Hardy 2010, pp. 6–7. Hardy, Grant (2010). Understanding the Book of Mormon: A Reader's Guide. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-973170-1. OL 24418834M. Wikidata Q123382112.
Hardy 2010, pp. 8, 10, 90. Hardy, Grant (2010). Understanding the Book of Mormon: A Reader's Guide. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-973170-1. OL 24418834M. Wikidata Q123382112.
Hardy 2010, p. 10. Hardy, Grant (2010). Understanding the Book of Mormon: A Reader's Guide. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-973170-1. OL 24418834M. Wikidata Q123382112.
Hardy 2010, p. 217. Hardy, Grant (2010). Understanding the Book of Mormon: A Reader's Guide. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-973170-1. OL 24418834M. Wikidata Q123382112.
Hardy 2010, pp. 217–219, 262–265. Hardy, Grant (2010). Understanding the Book of Mormon: A Reader's Guide. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-973170-1. OL 24418834M. Wikidata Q123382112.
Hardy 2010, pp. 264–267. Hardy, Grant (2010). Understanding the Book of Mormon: A Reader's Guide. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-973170-1. OL 24418834M. Wikidata Q123382112.
Hardy 2010, p. 53. Hardy, Grant (2010). Understanding the Book of Mormon: A Reader's Guide. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-973170-1. OL 24418834M. Wikidata Q123382112.
Hardy 2010, p. 7. Hardy, Grant (2010). Understanding the Book of Mormon: A Reader's Guide. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-973170-1. OL 24418834M. Wikidata Q123382112.
Hardy 2010, p. 196. Hardy, Grant (2010). Understanding the Book of Mormon: A Reader's Guide. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-973170-1. OL 24418834M. Wikidata Q123382112.
Hardy (2010, p. 291n28), summarizes, "The level of consensus on this issue, especially in a field as contentious as biblical studies, is remarkable (and certainly includes scholars who believe in inspiration and prophecy)." Hardy, Grant (2010). Understanding the Book of Mormon: A Reader's Guide. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-973170-1. OL 24418834M. Wikidata Q123382112.
See Hardy (2010, pp. 291n31–292n31), who also suggests how a reader who considers the Book of Mormon authentically ancient might account for the presence of post-exilic Isaiah in the text. He adds, "I don't expect that non-Mormons will find any of [these explanations] remotely plausible." Hardy, Grant (2010). Understanding the Book of Mormon: A Reader's Guide. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-973170-1. OL 24418834M. Wikidata Q123382112.

oxfordhandbooks.com (Global: 7,686^th place; English: 4,963^rd place)

Paulsen, David L.; Boyd, Hal R. (2015). "The Nature of God in Mormon Thought". In Givens, Terryl L.; Barlow, Philip L. (eds.). The Oxford Handbook of Mormonism. Oxford University Press. pp. 246–259. doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199778362.001.0001. ISBN 978-0-19-977836-2. "Therefore, the Mormon conception of the Godhead is more akin to what contemporary Christian theologians call Social Trinitarianism" (253).

projectzionpodcast.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

Peter, Karin; Mackay, Lachlan; Chvala-Smith, Tony (August 16, 2022). "Theo-History | Early Church". Project Zion (Podcast). Publisher. Event occurs at 1:33:33. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 22, 2022. Retrieved October 22, 2022.

religiondispatches.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

Seriac, Hannah (December 15, 2021). "Mormon Group Digging for Scriptural City of Zarahemla in Iowa Is a Portrait of Religious Nationalism". Religion Dispatches.

scholarlypublishingcollective.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

See Davis 2020, p. 160: "Whatever position the reader might take on the origins of the Book of Mormon, a careful review of historical claims favors the idea that Joseph Smith himself sincerely believed, to one degree or another, that his epic work contained an authentic historical account of ancient American civilizations"; and Taves 2014, p. 13: "If we consider Joseph's directive, the obedient response of insiders, and their willingness to protect the plates from skeptical outsiders, we can envision an alternative way to view the materialization of the plates that involved neither recovery and translation in any usual sense nor necessarily deception or fraud, but rather a process through which a small group—who believed in the power of revelatory dream-visions, in ancient inhabitants of the Americas, and in golden records buried in a hillside—came to believe that a material object covered by a cloth or hidden in a box were the ancient plates revealed to Smith by the ancient Nephite Moroni. Either/or views of the plates rest on a narrow conception of the materialization process, such that he either dug them up or he did not. Highlighting the crucial role played by those who believed in the reality of the ancient plates suggests a broader view that embeds the recovery of the plates in a process of materialization". For the significance of these interpretations in scholarship on Book of Mormon provenance, see Mason, Patrick Q. (2022). "History, Religious Studies, and Book of Mormon Studes". Roundtable Discussion: The Present of Book of Mormon Studies. Journal of Book of Mormon Studies. 31: 35–55. doi:10.14321/23744774.37.03 (inactive July 11, 2025).{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of July 2025 (link) Davis, William L. (2020). Visions in a Seer Stone: Joseph Smith and the Making of the Book of Mormon. University of North Carolina Press. ISBN 978-1-4696-5567-3. Taves, Ann (2014). "History and the Claims of Revelation: Joseph Smith and the Materialization of the Golden Plates". Numen: International Review for the History of Religions. 61 (2–3): 182–207. doi:10.1163/15685276-12341315. S2CID 170900524 – via eScholarship.
For a description and critical assessment of Sorenson's view, see p. 128 of Murphy, Thomas (Winter 2003). "Simply Implausible: DNA and a Mesoamerican Setting for the Book of Mormon". Dialogue: A Journal of Mormon Thought. 36 (4): 109–131. doi:10.2307/45227190. ISSN 0012-2157. JSTOR 45227190. S2CID 128696235. Sorenson's own articulation can be found in Sorenson, John L. (1996). An Ancient American Setting for the Book of Mormon. Deseret Book Company. p. 355. ISBN 978-1-57345-157-4.

science.org (Global: 1,007^th place; English: 665^th place)

Wade, Lizzie (January 18, 2018). "How a Mormon Lawyer Transformed Archaeology in Mexico—and Ended Up Losing His Faith". Science. American Association for the Advancement of Science.

scriptures.info (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Preface to the Book of Mormon". Retrieved March 21, 2020.

semanticscholar.org (Global: 15^th place; English: 8^th place)

api.semanticscholar.org

Taves 2014, p. 4. Taves, Ann (2014). "History and the Claims of Revelation: Joseph Smith and the Materialization of the Golden Plates". Numen: International Review for the History of Religions. 61 (2–3): 182–207. doi:10.1163/15685276-12341315. S2CID 170900524 – via eScholarship.
The materiality of the plates Smith said he translated from has long been a matter of controversy in historical studies of Smith and the Book of Mormon. Those who for religious reasons accept Smith's account of the book as having miraculous and ancient origins by corollary also have tended to believe there were authentic, ancient plates. Meanwhile, in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, naturalistic interpretations of Smith's history and the Book of Mormon generally took for granted the plates had no material existence and were fictitious due to either delusion or deception, or otherwise existed only in the religious imaginary. However, "believing historians" have argued that the documentary evidence points to Smith and eyewitnesses to him consistently behaving as though he did possess material plates. Religious studies scholar Ann Taves summarizes, "that there were no actual golden plates... is so obvious to some historians that they are taken aback when they discover that many Mormon intellectuals believe there were", while "Many believing historians... in turn wonder how well-trained, non-believing historians can dismiss so much evidence" (2). In the twenty-first century, naturalistic interpretations have posited that the plates were materially real, but that Smith crafted them himself (possibly out of tin or copper), either to match his vision of the plates or after being inspired by seeing copper stereotyped printing plates (perhaps at a printing shop or, by happenstance, literally buried in the ground). Taves argues Smith nevertheless believed the plates constituted an authentic, ancient record and that crafting plates himself "can be understood as representing or even co-creating the reality of the plates... the way Eucharistic wafers are thought to be transformed into the literal body of Christ" (9). For this historiography and an argument that Smith crafted the plates in a process of materialization, see Taves (2014, pp. 1–11). For another view on this historiography and an argument that an encounter with printing plates inspired or shaped Smith's concept of the Book of Mormon plates, see Hazard, Sonia (Summer 2021). "How Joseph Smith Encountered Printing Plates and Founded Mormonism". Religion & American Culture. 31 (2): 137–192. doi:10.1017/rac.2021.11. S2CID 237394042. Taves, Ann (2014). "History and the Claims of Revelation: Joseph Smith and the Materialization of the Golden Plates". Numen: International Review for the History of Religions. 61 (2–3): 182–207. doi:10.1163/15685276-12341315. S2CID 170900524 – via eScholarship.
Taves 2014, p. 5. Taves, Ann (2014). "History and the Claims of Revelation: Joseph Smith and the Materialization of the Golden Plates". Numen: International Review for the History of Religions. 61 (2–3): 182–207. doi:10.1163/15685276-12341315. S2CID 170900524 – via eScholarship.
Hazard, Sonia (Summer 2021). "How Joseph Smith Encountered Printing Plates and Founded Mormonism". Religion & American Culture. 31 (2): 137–192. doi:10.1017/rac.2021.11. S2CID 237394042.
See Davis 2020, p. 160: "Whatever position the reader might take on the origins of the Book of Mormon, a careful review of historical claims favors the idea that Joseph Smith himself sincerely believed, to one degree or another, that his epic work contained an authentic historical account of ancient American civilizations"; and Taves 2014, p. 13: "If we consider Joseph's directive, the obedient response of insiders, and their willingness to protect the plates from skeptical outsiders, we can envision an alternative way to view the materialization of the plates that involved neither recovery and translation in any usual sense nor necessarily deception or fraud, but rather a process through which a small group—who believed in the power of revelatory dream-visions, in ancient inhabitants of the Americas, and in golden records buried in a hillside—came to believe that a material object covered by a cloth or hidden in a box were the ancient plates revealed to Smith by the ancient Nephite Moroni. Either/or views of the plates rest on a narrow conception of the materialization process, such that he either dug them up or he did not. Highlighting the crucial role played by those who believed in the reality of the ancient plates suggests a broader view that embeds the recovery of the plates in a process of materialization". For the significance of these interpretations in scholarship on Book of Mormon provenance, see Mason, Patrick Q. (2022). "History, Religious Studies, and Book of Mormon Studes". Roundtable Discussion: The Present of Book of Mormon Studies. Journal of Book of Mormon Studies. 31: 35–55. doi:10.14321/23744774.37.03 (inactive July 11, 2025).{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of July 2025 (link) Davis, William L. (2020). Visions in a Seer Stone: Joseph Smith and the Making of the Book of Mormon. University of North Carolina Press. ISBN 978-1-4696-5567-3. Taves, Ann (2014). "History and the Claims of Revelation: Joseph Smith and the Materialization of the Golden Plates". Numen: International Review for the History of Religions. 61 (2–3): 182–207. doi:10.1163/15685276-12341315. S2CID 170900524 – via eScholarship.
"Thus in 1945 the Spaulding theory of the origin of the Book of Mormon was still strongly in vogue, most scholarly works accepting it as the explanation of the origin of the Book of Mormon. Following [Fawn Brodie's] trenchant attack on the theory its popularity quickly declined. Today nobody gives it credence" (Hill 1972, p. 73); and "Brodie demolished the theory" (Albanese 2008, p. 148). Hill, Marvin S. (Winter 1972). "Brodie Revisited: A Reappraisal". Dialogue: A Journal of Mormon Thought. 7 (4): 72–85. doi:10.2307/45224368. JSTOR 45224368. S2CID 254311417. Albanese, Catherine (2008). A Republic of Mind and Spirit: A Cultural History of American Metaphysical Religion. Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-11089-0.
Ashurst-McGee, Mark (Summer 2012). "Zion in America: The Origins of Mormon Constitutionalism". Journal of Mormon History. 38 (3): 90–101. doi:10.2307/23291618. JSTOR 23291618. S2CID 254490392.
Johnson, Janiece (2018). "Becoming a People of the Books: Toward an Understanding of Early Mormon Converts and the New Word of the Lord". Journal of Book of Mormon Studies. 27: 1–43. JSTOR 10.5406/jbookmormstud2.27.2018.0001. S2CID 254309156. Archived from the original on July 7, 2022 – via BYU ScholarsArchive.
Underwood, Grant (Fall 1984). "Book of Mormon Usage in Early LDS Theology". Dialogue: A Journal of Mormon Thought. 17 (3): 36–74. doi:10.2307/45227937. JSTOR 45227937. S2CID 254397416. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 5, 2021.
Coe 1973, pp. 41–42: "Let me now state uncategorically that as far as I know there is not one professionally trained archaeologist, who is not a Mormon, who sees any scientific justification for believing [the historicity of The Book of Mormon], and I would like to state that there are quite a few Mormon archaeologists who join this group"; Southerton 2004, p. xv: "Anthropologists and archaeologists, including some Mormons and former Mormons, have discovered little to support the existence of [Book of Mormon] civilizations. Over a period of 150 years, as scholars have seriously studied Native American cultures and prehistory, evidence of a Christian civilization in the Americas has eluded the specialists... These [Mesoamerican] cultures lack any trace of Hebrew or Egyptian writing, metallurgy, or the Old World domesticated animals and plants described in the Book of Mormon"; Williams 1991, pp. 162–166: "I will admit that I am skeptical of the original discovery [of the Book of Mormon]; the absence of the actual ancient documents makes detailed analysis impossible today." The exceptions are a handful of predominantly Latter-day Saint organizations that attempt historical and archeological research on the premise of ancient Book of Mormon historicity, such as FAIR (Faithful Answers, Informed Response), the Foundation for Ancient Research and Mormon Studies (now defunct), and the Interpreter Foundation. Coe, Michael D. (Summer 1973). "Mormons and Archaeology: An Outside View". Dialogue: A Journal of Mormon Thought. 8 (2): 41–48. doi:10.2307/45224400. JSTOR 45224400. S2CID 254386666. Southerton, Simon G. (2004). Losing a Lost Tribe: Native Americans, DNA, and the Mormon Church. Signature Books. ISBN 978-1-56085-181-3. OCLC 55534917. Williams, Stephen (1991). Fantastic Archaeology: The Wild Side of North American Prehistory. University of Pennsylvania Press. ISBN 0-8122-1312-2 – via Internet Archive.
Coe 1973, p. 46. "[A]bsolutely nothing, has ever shown up in any New World excavation which would suggest to a dispassionate observer that the Book of Mormon... is a historical document relating to the history of early migrants to our hemisphere." Coe, Michael D. (Summer 1973). "Mormons and Archaeology: An Outside View". Dialogue: A Journal of Mormon Thought. 8 (2): 41–48. doi:10.2307/45224400. JSTOR 45224400. S2CID 254386666.
For oxen and donkeys, see Davies 1973, p. 55. For the rest, see Coe 1973, p. 42. Davies, Horton (1973). Christian Deviations: The Challenge of the New Spiritual Movements (3rd ed.). Westminster Press. ISBN 978-0-664-24966-3. Coe, Michael D. (Summer 1973). "Mormons and Archaeology: An Outside View". Dialogue: A Journal of Mormon Thought. 8 (2): 41–48. doi:10.2307/45224400. JSTOR 45224400. S2CID 254386666.
Gardner, Brant A. (2021). "A Personal Perspective on Book of Mormon Historicity and Apologetics". Journal of Book of Mormon Studies. 30: 142–164. JSTOR 10.5406/jbookmormstud2.30.2021.0142. S2CID 254309955.
Goebel, Ted; Waters, Michael R.; O'Rourke, Dennis H. (2008). "The Late Pleistocene dispersal of modern humans in the Americas" (PDF). Science. 319 (5869): 1497–1502. Bibcode:2008Sci...319.1497G. doi:10.1126/science.1153569. PMID 18339930. S2CID 36149744. Archived from the original (PDF) on January 2, 2014. Retrieved February 5, 2010.
Moreno-Mayar, JV; Potter, BA; Vinner, L; et al. (2018). "Terminal Pleistocene Alaskan genome reveals first founding population of Native Americans" (PDF). Nature. 553 (7687): 203–207. Bibcode:2018Natur.553..203M. doi:10.1038/nature25173. PMID 29323294. S2CID 4454580.
Núñez Castillo, Mélida Inés (December 20, 2021). Ancient genetic landscape of archaeological human remains from Panama, South America and Oceania described through STR genotype frequencies and mitochondrial DNA sequences. Dissertation (doctoralThesis). doi:10.53846/goediss-9012. S2CID 247052631.
"[A]ll major scholars on Isaiah view chapters 40–66 as written well after 600 BCE" (79n13) and "Many scholars have noted that other parts of Isaiah 2–14 were not written by Isaiah of Jerusalem but rather in the exilic or post-exilic periods" (87). See Townsend, Colby (Fall 2022). "'The Robe of Righteousness': Exilic and Post-Exilic Isaiah in The Book of Mormon". Dialogue: A Journal of Mormon Thought. 55 (3): 75–106. doi:10.5406/15549399.55.3.03. S2CID 253368342.
Duffy 2008, pp. 41–42, 48; Bushman 2005, p. 93. Coe (1973, pp. 42–45) identifies several twentieth-century Latter-day Saint advocates of Book of Mormon historicity. In an exception to the general trend, he also states that the most careful scholar in "the early-twentieth-century intellectual movement of 'Book of Mormon geography' was Louis E. Hills, a member of what was then the Reorganized Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints, today known as Community of Christ. Duffy, John-Charles (October 2008). "Mapping Book of Mormon Historicity Debates Part I: A Guide for the Overwhelmed" (PDF). Sunstone. pp. 36–62. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 9, 2022. Bushman, Richard Lyman (2005). Joseph Smith: Rough Stone Rolling. Alfred A. Knopf. ISBN 978-1-4000-4270-8. Coe, Michael D. (Summer 1973). "Mormons and Archaeology: An Outside View". Dialogue: A Journal of Mormon Thought. 8 (2): 41–48. doi:10.2307/45224400. JSTOR 45224400. S2CID 254386666.
For a description and critical assessment of Sorenson's view, see p. 128 of Murphy, Thomas (Winter 2003). "Simply Implausible: DNA and a Mesoamerican Setting for the Book of Mormon". Dialogue: A Journal of Mormon Thought. 36 (4): 109–131. doi:10.2307/45227190. ISSN 0012-2157. JSTOR 45227190. S2CID 128696235. Sorenson's own articulation can be found in Sorenson, John L. (1996). An Ancient American Setting for the Book of Mormon. Deseret Book Company. p. 355. ISBN 978-1-57345-157-4.
"Non-Mormon archaeologists are more likely to view Jakeman's twenty so-called 'correspondences in main features' and eighty-two 'detailed agreements or similarities' as a matter of mere chance based upon only superficial similarities" (Coe 1973, p. 44). For parallelomania, see Duffy 2008, p. 52. For an example of identifying parallelomania in apologetics for Latter Day Saint scriptural historicity, see Salmon, Douglas F. (Summer 2000). "Parallelomania and the Study of Latter-day Scripture: Confirmation, Coincidence, or the Collective Unconscious?". Dialogue: A Journal of Mormon Thought. 33 (2): 129–155. doi:10.2307/45226691. JSTOR 45226691. S2CID 197468102.. Coe, Michael D. (Summer 1973). "Mormons and Archaeology: An Outside View". Dialogue: A Journal of Mormon Thought. 8 (2): 41–48. doi:10.2307/45224400. JSTOR 45224400. S2CID 254386666. Duffy, John-Charles (October 2008). "Mapping Book of Mormon Historicity Debates Part I: A Guide for the Overwhelmed" (PDF). Sunstone. pp. 36–62. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 9, 2022.
Duffy 2008, p. 41. Moore, Richard G. (Spring 2014). "LDS Misconceptions About the Community of Christ" (PDF). Mormon Historical Studies. 15 (1): 1–23. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 9, 2022. Launius, Roger D. (Winter 2006). "Is Joseph Smith Relevant to the Community of Christ?". Dialogue: A Journal of Mormon Thought. 39 (4): 58–67. doi:10.2307/45227214. JSTOR 45227214. S2CID 254402921. Duffy, John-Charles (October 2008). "Mapping Book of Mormon Historicity Debates Part I: A Guide for the Overwhelmed" (PDF). Sunstone. pp. 36–62. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 9, 2022.
Austin, Michael (Summer 2019). "Reasonably Good Tidings of Greater-than-Average Joy: Grant Hardy, ed. The Book of Mormon: Another Testament of Jesus Christ, Maxwell Institute Study Edition". Dialogue: A Journal of Mormon Thought (review). 52 (2): 173–181. doi:10.5406/dialjmormthou.52.2.0173. S2CID 246628409.

sltrib.com (Global: 1,470^th place; English: 716^th place)

sltrib.com

"Why Native Americans struggle to make their stories and traditions fit with the Book of Mormon". The Salt Lake Tribune. July 2, 2021. Archived from the original on September 27, 2021. Retrieved October 13, 2021.
Mims, Bob (September 21, 2017). "Historian: At $35M, Original Printer's Manuscript of Book of Mormon a Bargain". Salt Lake Tribune. Archived from the original on July 9, 2022.
Fletcher Stack, Peggy (October 23, 2022). "What Did Nephi Look Like? New Catalog Reveals Visual Variety in Book of Mormon Art". Salt Lake Tribune. Archived from the original on May 11, 2023. Retrieved August 22, 2023.

archive.sltrib.com

Fletcher Stack, Peggy (November 8, 2007). "Single word change in Book of Mormon speaks volumes". The Salt Lake Tribune. Retrieved April 27, 2022.

smithsonianmag.com (Global: 663^rd place; English: 431^st place)

Pringle, Heather (March 8, 2017). "What Happens When an Archaeologist Challenges Mainstream Scientific Thinking?". Smithsonian.
Katz, Brigit. "Printer's Manuscript of the Book of Mormon Sells for $35 Million". Smithsonian Magazine. Retrieved October 26, 2025.

sunstonemagazine.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Duffy 2008, pp. 45–46. Duffy, John-Charles (October 2008). "Mapping Book of Mormon Historicity Debates Part I: A Guide for the Overwhelmed" (PDF). Sunstone. pp. 36–62. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 9, 2022.
Duffy 2008, p. 48. Duffy, John-Charles (October 2008). "Mapping Book of Mormon Historicity Debates Part I: A Guide for the Overwhelmed" (PDF). Sunstone. pp. 36–62. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 9, 2022.
One popular traditional view of the Book of Mormon suggested that Native Americans were principally the descendants of an Israelite migration around 600 BC. However, DNA evidence shows no Near Eastern component in the Native American genetic make-up. " ...[T]he DNA lineages of Central America resemble those of other Native American tribes throughout the two continents. Over 99 percent of the lineages found among native groups from this region are clearly of Asian descent. Modern and ancient DNA samples tested from among the Maya generally fall into the major founding lineage classes... The Mayan Empire has been regarded by Mormons to be the closest to the people of the Book of Mormon because its people were literate and culturally sophisticated. However, leading New World anthropologists, including those specializing in the region, have found the Maya to be similarly related to Asians"; see Southerton (2004, p. 191). Defenders of the book's historical authenticity suggest that the Book of Mormon does not disallow for other groups of people to have contributed to the genetic make-up of Native Americans—see Duffy (2008, pp. 41, 48)—and in 2006, the church changed its introduction to the official LDS edition of the Book of Mormon to allow for a greater diversity of ancestry of Native Americans; see Moore (2007). Southerton, Simon G. (2004). Losing a Lost Tribe: Native Americans, DNA, and the Mormon Church. Signature Books. ISBN 978-1-56085-181-3. OCLC 55534917. Duffy, John-Charles (October 2008). "Mapping Book of Mormon Historicity Debates Part I: A Guide for the Overwhelmed" (PDF). Sunstone. pp. 36–62. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 9, 2022.
Duffy 2008, p. 46. Duffy, John-Charles (October 2008). "Mapping Book of Mormon Historicity Debates Part I: A Guide for the Overwhelmed" (PDF). Sunstone. pp. 36–62. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 9, 2022.
Duffy 2008, pp. 41–42, 48; Bushman 2005, p. 93. Coe (1973, pp. 42–45) identifies several twentieth-century Latter-day Saint advocates of Book of Mormon historicity. In an exception to the general trend, he also states that the most careful scholar in "the early-twentieth-century intellectual movement of 'Book of Mormon geography' was Louis E. Hills, a member of what was then the Reorganized Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints, today known as Community of Christ. Duffy, John-Charles (October 2008). "Mapping Book of Mormon Historicity Debates Part I: A Guide for the Overwhelmed" (PDF). Sunstone. pp. 36–62. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 9, 2022. Bushman, Richard Lyman (2005). Joseph Smith: Rough Stone Rolling. Alfred A. Knopf. ISBN 978-1-4000-4270-8. Coe, Michael D. (Summer 1973). "Mormons and Archaeology: An Outside View". Dialogue: A Journal of Mormon Thought. 8 (2): 41–48. doi:10.2307/45224400. JSTOR 45224400. S2CID 254386666.
Duffy 2008, pp. 41, 46. "Apologists reply that these arguments do not invalidate Book of Mormon historicity, only a hemispheric scenario for Book of Mormon history." Duffy, John-Charles (October 2008). "Mapping Book of Mormon Historicity Debates Part I: A Guide for the Overwhelmed" (PDF). Sunstone. pp. 36–62. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 9, 2022.
Duffy 2008, p. 45. "Apologists' ... response to anachronisms is to argue that Smith's translation of the Book of Mormon may apply familiar words to unfamiliar but comparable items. 'Cimeter' may refer to some other, loosely similar weapon; 'flocks' may refer to turkeys or dogs; 'horses' may refer to deer. Apologists note that reapplying familiar names has historical precedent: it was done by the Spanish conquistadors as well as by the King James translators, who anachronistically used the word 'steel' to refer to other kinds of metal." Duffy, John-Charles (October 2008). "Mapping Book of Mormon Historicity Debates Part I: A Guide for the Overwhelmed" (PDF). Sunstone. pp. 36–62. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 9, 2022.
"One of the most popular has been chiasmus, a stylistic feature of the Hebrew Bible which John Welch first identified in the Book of Mormon while a missionary in the 1960s. Welch was particularly impressed to find that the entire chapter of Alma 36 is a complex, extended chiasm" (Duffy 2008, p. 51). For more on chiasmus in the Bible, see Breck, John (1994). The Shape of Biblical Language: Chiasmus in the Scriptures and Beyond. St. Vladimir's Seminary Press. pp. 33–37, 39. ISBN 0-88141-139-6. Duffy, John-Charles (October 2008). "Mapping Book of Mormon Historicity Debates Part I: A Guide for the Overwhelmed" (PDF). Sunstone. pp. 36–62. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 9, 2022.
"Non-Mormon archaeologists are more likely to view Jakeman's twenty so-called 'correspondences in main features' and eighty-two 'detailed agreements or similarities' as a matter of mere chance based upon only superficial similarities" (Coe 1973, p. 44). For parallelomania, see Duffy 2008, p. 52. For an example of identifying parallelomania in apologetics for Latter Day Saint scriptural historicity, see Salmon, Douglas F. (Summer 2000). "Parallelomania and the Study of Latter-day Scripture: Confirmation, Coincidence, or the Collective Unconscious?". Dialogue: A Journal of Mormon Thought. 33 (2): 129–155. doi:10.2307/45226691. JSTOR 45226691. S2CID 197468102.. Coe, Michael D. (Summer 1973). "Mormons and Archaeology: An Outside View". Dialogue: A Journal of Mormon Thought. 8 (2): 41–48. doi:10.2307/45224400. JSTOR 45224400. S2CID 254386666. Duffy, John-Charles (October 2008). "Mapping Book of Mormon Historicity Debates Part I: A Guide for the Overwhelmed" (PDF). Sunstone. pp. 36–62. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 9, 2022.
Duffy 2008, p. 42. "Thanks to the Internet, the number of Saints engaged in written apologetics, and the size of their audience, has grown. Thus the DNA controversy has done much to privilege a limited Book of Mormon geography within the Church, over the more fundamentalistic understandings of earlier authorities such as Joseph Fielding Smith and Bruce R. McConkie." Duffy, John-Charles (October 2008). "Mapping Book of Mormon Historicity Debates Part I: A Guide for the Overwhelmed" (PDF). Sunstone. pp. 36–62. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 9, 2022.
Duffy 2008, p. 57. "However, this historical development should not entirely eclipse the fact that LDS thinking about Book of Mormon historicity has been, and continues to be, diverse. Granted that revisionists constitute a stigmatized and evidently very small minority, who differ among themselves in their understanding of the book's status as scripture. But even Latter-day Saints who accept historicity hold differing views regarding how accurately or transparently the Book of Mormon reports the ancient past or to what extent the translation process may have allowed Joseph Smith's nineteenth-century ideas to be incorporated into the text." Duffy, John-Charles (October 2008). "Mapping Book of Mormon Historicity Debates Part I: A Guide for the Overwhelmed" (PDF). Sunstone. pp. 36–62. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 9, 2022.
"Some of [Community of Christ]'s senior leadership consider the Book of Mormon to be inspired historical fiction" (Southerton 2004, p. 201). For a comparison to the Book of Job, see Duffy 2008, pp. 54–55. "Denise Hopkins, a professor of Hebrew Bible at Wesley Theological Seminary", Gregory Prince reports, described the Book of Mormon as "a book-length midrash on the King James Bible." See Prince, Gregory (Fall 2018). "Own Your Religion". Sunstone. No. 187. Southerton, Simon G. (2004). Losing a Lost Tribe: Native Americans, DNA, and the Mormon Church. Signature Books. ISBN 978-1-56085-181-3. OCLC 55534917. Duffy, John-Charles (October 2008). "Mapping Book of Mormon Historicity Debates Part I: A Guide for the Overwhelmed" (PDF). Sunstone. pp. 36–62. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 9, 2022.
Duffy 2008, p. 41. Moore, Richard G. (Spring 2014). "LDS Misconceptions About the Community of Christ" (PDF). Mormon Historical Studies. 15 (1): 1–23. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 9, 2022. Launius, Roger D. (Winter 2006). "Is Joseph Smith Relevant to the Community of Christ?". Dialogue: A Journal of Mormon Thought. 39 (4): 58–67. doi:10.2307/45227214. JSTOR 45227214. S2CID 254402921. Duffy, John-Charles (October 2008). "Mapping Book of Mormon Historicity Debates Part I: A Guide for the Overwhelmed" (PDF). Sunstone. pp. 36–62. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 9, 2022.
Duffy 2008, pp. 54–57. Duffy, John-Charles (October 2008). "Mapping Book of Mormon Historicity Debates Part I: A Guide for the Overwhelmed" (PDF). Sunstone. pp. 36–62. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 9, 2022.
Duffy 2008, p. 42. Duffy, John-Charles (October 2008). "Mapping Book of Mormon Historicity Debates Part I: A Guide for the Overwhelmed" (PDF). Sunstone. pp. 36–62. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 9, 2022.

thechurchnews.com (Global: 5,658^th place; English: 2,735^th place)

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tonyawards.com (Global: 2,979^th place; English: 1,616^th place)

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uni-goettingen.de (Global: 2,423^rd place; English: 2,569^th place)

ediss.uni-goettingen.de

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wayfaremagazine.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

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wikidata.org (Global: 10^th place; English: 98^th place)

Hardy 2010, p. 3. Hardy, Grant (2010). Understanding the Book of Mormon: A Reader's Guide. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-973170-1. OL 24418834M. Wikidata Q123382112.
Hardy 2010, pp. xi–xiii, 6. Hardy, Grant (2010). Understanding the Book of Mormon: A Reader's Guide. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-973170-1. OL 24418834M. Wikidata Q123382112.
Hardy 2010, pp. 5–6. Hardy, Grant (2010). Understanding the Book of Mormon: A Reader's Guide. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-973170-1. OL 24418834M. Wikidata Q123382112.
Givens 2009, pp. 6–11. Givens, Terryl L. (2009). The Book of Mormon: A Very Short Introduction. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/actrade/9780195369311.001.0001. ISBN 978-0-19-936567-8. Wikidata Q114004901.
Hardy 2010, p. 6. Hardy, Grant (2010). Understanding the Book of Mormon: A Reader's Guide. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-973170-1. OL 24418834M. Wikidata Q123382112.
Hardy, Grant (2009). "Introduction". In Skousen, Royal (ed.). The Book of Mormon: The Earliest Text. Yale University Press. pp. vii–xxviii. ISBN 978-0-300-14218-1. OL 23212827M. Wikidata Q124395703.
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Hardy 2010, p. 5. Hardy, Grant (2010). Understanding the Book of Mormon: A Reader's Guide. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-973170-1. OL 24418834M. Wikidata Q123382112.
Givens 2009, p. 61. Givens, Terryl L. (2009). The Book of Mormon: A Very Short Introduction. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/actrade/9780195369311.001.0001. ISBN 978-0-19-936567-8. Wikidata Q114004901.
Hardy 2010, pp. 6–7. Hardy, Grant (2010). Understanding the Book of Mormon: A Reader's Guide. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-973170-1. OL 24418834M. Wikidata Q123382112.
Hardy 2010, pp. 8, 10, 90. Hardy, Grant (2010). Understanding the Book of Mormon: A Reader's Guide. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-973170-1. OL 24418834M. Wikidata Q123382112.
Hardy 2010, p. 10. Hardy, Grant (2010). Understanding the Book of Mormon: A Reader's Guide. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-973170-1. OL 24418834M. Wikidata Q123382112.
Givens 2009, pp. 24, 33. Givens, Terryl L. (2009). The Book of Mormon: A Very Short Introduction. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/actrade/9780195369311.001.0001. ISBN 978-0-19-936567-8. Wikidata Q114004901.
Givens 2009, p. 11. Givens, Terryl L. (2009). The Book of Mormon: A Very Short Introduction. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/actrade/9780195369311.001.0001. ISBN 978-0-19-936567-8. Wikidata Q114004901.
Givens 2009, p. 12. Givens, Terryl L. (2009). The Book of Mormon: A Very Short Introduction. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/actrade/9780195369311.001.0001. ISBN 978-0-19-936567-8. Wikidata Q114004901.
Hardy 2010, p. 217. Hardy, Grant (2010). Understanding the Book of Mormon: A Reader's Guide. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-973170-1. OL 24418834M. Wikidata Q123382112.
Hardy 2010, pp. 217–219, 262–265. Hardy, Grant (2010). Understanding the Book of Mormon: A Reader's Guide. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-973170-1. OL 24418834M. Wikidata Q123382112.
Givens 2009, pp. 11, 43. Givens, Terryl L. (2009). The Book of Mormon: A Very Short Introduction. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/actrade/9780195369311.001.0001. ISBN 978-0-19-936567-8. Wikidata Q114004901.
Givens 2009, pp. 71–72. Givens, Terryl L. (2009). The Book of Mormon: A Very Short Introduction. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/actrade/9780195369311.001.0001. ISBN 978-0-19-936567-8. Wikidata Q114004901.
Hardy 2010, pp. 264–267. Hardy, Grant (2010). Understanding the Book of Mormon: A Reader's Guide. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-973170-1. OL 24418834M. Wikidata Q123382112.
Hardy 2010, p. 53. Hardy, Grant (2010). Understanding the Book of Mormon: A Reader's Guide. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-973170-1. OL 24418834M. Wikidata Q123382112.
Hardy 2010, p. 7. Hardy, Grant (2010). Understanding the Book of Mormon: A Reader's Guide. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-973170-1. OL 24418834M. Wikidata Q123382112.
Hardy 2010, p. 196. Hardy, Grant (2010). Understanding the Book of Mormon: A Reader's Guide. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-973170-1. OL 24418834M. Wikidata Q123382112.
Givens 2009, pp. 79–84. Givens, Terryl L. (2009). The Book of Mormon: A Very Short Introduction. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/actrade/9780195369311.001.0001. ISBN 978-0-19-936567-8. Wikidata Q114004901.
Givens 2009, pp. 109–111. Givens, Terryl L. (2009). The Book of Mormon: A Very Short Introduction. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/actrade/9780195369311.001.0001. ISBN 978-0-19-936567-8. Wikidata Q114004901.
Givens 2009, pp. 81–82. Givens, Terryl L. (2009). The Book of Mormon: A Very Short Introduction. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/actrade/9780195369311.001.0001. ISBN 978-0-19-936567-8. Wikidata Q114004901.
Givens 2009, pp. 111, 240–246. Givens, Terryl L. (2009). The Book of Mormon: A Very Short Introduction. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/actrade/9780195369311.001.0001. ISBN 978-0-19-936567-8. Wikidata Q114004901.
Hardy (2010, p. 291n28), summarizes, "The level of consensus on this issue, especially in a field as contentious as biblical studies, is remarkable (and certainly includes scholars who believe in inspiration and prophecy)." Hardy, Grant (2010). Understanding the Book of Mormon: A Reader's Guide. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-973170-1. OL 24418834M. Wikidata Q123382112.
See Hardy (2010, pp. 291n31–292n31), who also suggests how a reader who considers the Book of Mormon authentically ancient might account for the presence of post-exilic Isaiah in the text. He adds, "I don't expect that non-Mormons will find any of [these explanations] remotely plausible." Hardy, Grant (2010). Understanding the Book of Mormon: A Reader's Guide. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-973170-1. OL 24418834M. Wikidata Q123382112.
Largey, Dennis L.; Arnold, Marilyn; Ball, Terry B.; Dahl, Larry E.; Parry, Donald W.; Seely, David R.; Williams, Clyde J., eds. (2003). Book of Mormon Reference Companion. Deseret Book Company. ISBN 1-57345-231-9. Wikidata Q123364479.

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Southerton 2004, p. xv. "Anthropologists and archaeologists, including some Mormons and former Mormons, have discovered little to support the existence of [Book of Mormon] civilizations. Over a period of 150 years, as scholars have seriously studied Native American cultures and prehistory, evidence of a Christian civilization in the Americas has eluded the specialists... These [Mesoamerican] cultures lack any trace of Hebrew or Egyptian writing, metallurgy, or the Old World domesticated animals and plants described in the Book of Mormon." Southerton, Simon G. (2004). Losing a Lost Tribe: Native Americans, DNA, and the Mormon Church. Signature Books. ISBN 978-1-56085-181-3. OCLC 55534917.
Barnes 2012, p. 500. Barnes, Jane (2012). "Post-Modern Joseph Smith: Faith and Irony". The Hopkins Review. 5 (4): 490–507. doi:10.1353/thr.2012.0074. ISSN 1939-9774.
Barnes 2012, p. 501. Barnes, Jane (2012). "Post-Modern Joseph Smith: Faith and Irony". The Hopkins Review. 5 (4): 490–507. doi:10.1353/thr.2012.0074. ISSN 1939-9774.
Murphy, Thomas W. (Fall 2000). "Other Mormon Histories: Lamanite Subjectivity in Mexico". Journal of Mormon History. 26 (2): 179–214. ISSN 0094-7342. JSTOR 23288220.
Murphy, Thomas W. (Summer 1999). "From Racist Stereotype to Ethnic Identity: Instrumental Uses of Mormon Racial Doctrine". Ethnohistory. 46 (3): 451–480. ISSN 0014-1801. JSTOR 483199. PMID 20499476.
Coe 1973, pp. 41–42: "Let me now state uncategorically that as far as I know there is not one professionally trained archaeologist, who is not a Mormon, who sees any scientific justification for believing [the historicity of The Book of Mormon], and I would like to state that there are quite a few Mormon archaeologists who join this group"; Southerton 2004, p. xv: "Anthropologists and archaeologists, including some Mormons and former Mormons, have discovered little to support the existence of [Book of Mormon] civilizations. Over a period of 150 years, as scholars have seriously studied Native American cultures and prehistory, evidence of a Christian civilization in the Americas has eluded the specialists... These [Mesoamerican] cultures lack any trace of Hebrew or Egyptian writing, metallurgy, or the Old World domesticated animals and plants described in the Book of Mormon"; Williams 1991, pp. 162–166: "I will admit that I am skeptical of the original discovery [of the Book of Mormon]; the absence of the actual ancient documents makes detailed analysis impossible today." The exceptions are a handful of predominantly Latter-day Saint organizations that attempt historical and archeological research on the premise of ancient Book of Mormon historicity, such as FAIR (Faithful Answers, Informed Response), the Foundation for Ancient Research and Mormon Studies (now defunct), and the Interpreter Foundation. Coe, Michael D. (Summer 1973). "Mormons and Archaeology: An Outside View". Dialogue: A Journal of Mormon Thought. 8 (2): 41–48. doi:10.2307/45224400. JSTOR 45224400. S2CID 254386666. Southerton, Simon G. (2004). Losing a Lost Tribe: Native Americans, DNA, and the Mormon Church. Signature Books. ISBN 978-1-56085-181-3. OCLC 55534917. Williams, Stephen (1991). Fantastic Archaeology: The Wild Side of North American Prehistory. University of Pennsylvania Press. ISBN 0-8122-1312-2 – via Internet Archive.
One popular traditional view of the Book of Mormon suggested that Native Americans were principally the descendants of an Israelite migration around 600 BC. However, DNA evidence shows no Near Eastern component in the Native American genetic make-up. " ...[T]he DNA lineages of Central America resemble those of other Native American tribes throughout the two continents. Over 99 percent of the lineages found among native groups from this region are clearly of Asian descent. Modern and ancient DNA samples tested from among the Maya generally fall into the major founding lineage classes... The Mayan Empire has been regarded by Mormons to be the closest to the people of the Book of Mormon because its people were literate and culturally sophisticated. However, leading New World anthropologists, including those specializing in the region, have found the Maya to be similarly related to Asians"; see Southerton (2004, p. 191). Defenders of the book's historical authenticity suggest that the Book of Mormon does not disallow for other groups of people to have contributed to the genetic make-up of Native Americans—see Duffy (2008, pp. 41, 48)—and in 2006, the church changed its introduction to the official LDS edition of the Book of Mormon to allow for a greater diversity of ancestry of Native Americans; see Moore (2007). Southerton, Simon G. (2004). Losing a Lost Tribe: Native Americans, DNA, and the Mormon Church. Signature Books. ISBN 978-1-56085-181-3. OCLC 55534917. Duffy, John-Charles (October 2008). "Mapping Book of Mormon Historicity Debates Part I: A Guide for the Overwhelmed" (PDF). Sunstone. pp. 36–62. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 9, 2022.
Southerton (2004, pp. 49). A "large volume of research... has revealed continuous, widespread human occupation of the Americas for the last 14,000 years. Such research conflicts with popular LDS views patterned on the Book of Mormon." See also pg. 125: after a survey of relevant genetic research, Southerton concludes that "the peoples of the Pacific Rim who met Columbus and Cook were not Israelites. They were descendants of a far more ancient branch of the human family tree." Southerton, Simon G. (2004). Losing a Lost Tribe: Native Americans, DNA, and the Mormon Church. Signature Books. ISBN 978-1-56085-181-3. OCLC 55534917.
Shields, Steven L. (2021). "The Quest for 'Reformed Egyptian'". The John Whitmer Historical Association Journal. 41 (2). John Whitmer Historical Association: 101. ISSN 0739-7852. JSTOR 27112676.
"Most members of... groups tracing their origins to Joseph Smith, believe that the Book of Mormon is a literal history of the inhabitants of the ancient Americas" (Vogel 1986, p. 3). See also Southerton 2004, p. 201 Vogel, Dan (1986). Indian Origins and the Book of Mormon: Religious Solutions from Columbus to Joseph Smith. Signature Books. ISBN 0-941214-42-7 – via Internet Archive. Southerton, Simon G. (2004). Losing a Lost Tribe: Native Americans, DNA, and the Mormon Church. Signature Books. ISBN 978-1-56085-181-3. OCLC 55534917.
Southerton 2004, p. 191. Southerton, Simon G. (2004). Losing a Lost Tribe: Native Americans, DNA, and the Mormon Church. Signature Books. ISBN 978-1-56085-181-3. OCLC 55534917.
For a description and critical assessment of Sorenson's view, see p. 128 of Murphy, Thomas (Winter 2003). "Simply Implausible: DNA and a Mesoamerican Setting for the Book of Mormon". Dialogue: A Journal of Mormon Thought. 36 (4): 109–131. doi:10.2307/45227190. ISSN 0012-2157. JSTOR 45227190. S2CID 128696235. Sorenson's own articulation can be found in Sorenson, John L. (1996). An Ancient American Setting for the Book of Mormon. Deseret Book Company. p. 355. ISBN 978-1-57345-157-4.
"Some of [Community of Christ]'s senior leadership consider the Book of Mormon to be inspired historical fiction" (Southerton 2004, p. 201). For a comparison to the Book of Job, see Duffy 2008, pp. 54–55. "Denise Hopkins, a professor of Hebrew Bible at Wesley Theological Seminary", Gregory Prince reports, described the Book of Mormon as "a book-length midrash on the King James Bible." See Prince, Gregory (Fall 2018). "Own Your Religion". Sunstone. No. 187. Southerton, Simon G. (2004). Losing a Lost Tribe: Native Americans, DNA, and the Mormon Church. Signature Books. ISBN 978-1-56085-181-3. OCLC 55534917. Duffy, John-Charles (October 2008). "Mapping Book of Mormon Historicity Debates Part I: A Guide for the Overwhelmed" (PDF). Sunstone. pp. 36–62. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 9, 2022.
Skousen, Royal (1992). "Book of Mormon Manuscripts". In Ludlow, Daniel H. (ed.). Encyclopedia of Mormonism. Macmillan Publishing. pp. 185–186. ISBN 978-0-02-879602-4. OCLC 24502140.
Skousen, Royal (1992). "Book of Mormon Editions (1830–1981)". In Ludlow, Daniel H (ed.). Encyclopedia of Mormonism. Macmillan Publishing. pp. 175–176. ISBN 978-0-02-879602-4. OCLC 24502140.
Fales, Susan L. (Fall 1992). "Encyclopedia of Mormonism". RQ (review). 32 (1): 111–112. ISSN 0033-7072. JSTOR 25829209.
Poll, Richard D. (Fall 1992). "Encyclopedia of Mormonism: The History, Scripture, Doctrine, and Procedure of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints". Journal of Mormon History (review). 18 (2): 205–213. ISSN 0094-7342. JSTOR 23286410.

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Howlett, David J. (December 11, 2022). "Community of Christ". World Religions and Spirituality Project.

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Ellwood, Robert (August 2008). "The Book of Mormon: A Reader's Edition. Edited by Grant Hardy". Nova Religio: The Journal of Alternative and Emergent Religions. 12 (1): 130–131. doi:10.1525/nr.2008.12.1.130. JSTOR 10.1525/nr.2008.12.1.130; Brown, Samuel Morris (January 27, 2012). "Five Best: Samuel Morris Brown". The Wall Street Journal. Archived from the original on August 15, 2022. Ellwood gives the publication date of the edition as 2005; this refers to the paperback edition of the Reader's Edition. The hardcover was published in 2003, as Brown writes.

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Messick, Robert (July 8, 2021). "Interview of Robert of Book of Mormon Editions YouTube Channel". Mormon Book Reviews (Interview). Interviewed by Steven Pynakker. YouTube. (12:38).
Gehly, Josh (October 21, 2021). "A Christian Apologist Defense of the Book of Mormon: Conversation with Evangelist Josh Gehly". Mormon Book Reviews (Interview). Interviewed by Steven Pynakker. YouTube.
"2013 Updates to the Book of Mormon". Book of Mormon Editions. YouTube. November 29, 2021. Archived from the original on January 3, 2022. Retrieved January 2, 2022.

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