Breiman, Leo (September 1994). "Bagging Predictors"(PDF). Technical Report (421). Department of Statistics, University of California Berkeley. Retrieved 2019-07-28.
Aslam, Javed A.; Popa, Raluca A.; and Rivest, Ronald L. (2007); On Estimating the Size and Confidence of a Statistical Audit, Proceedings of the Electronic Voting Technology Workshop (EVT '07), Boston, MA, August 6, 2007. More generally, when drawing with replacement values out of a set of (different and equally likely), the expected number of unique draws is .