Bowling ball (English Wikipedia)

Wiseman, Lucas; United States Bowling Congress (USBC) (May 7, 2014). "USBC Modifies Rule on Bowling Ball Gripping holes". bowl.com (United States Bowling Congress, USBC). Archived from the original on July 7, 2017.
"USBC Equipment Specifications and Certifications Manual" (PDF). bowl.com (United States Bowling Congress, USBC). February 2012. Archived (PDF) from the original on December 29, 2018.
Bigham, Terry (April 24, 2018). "Bowling Technology Study Conclusion / Research Summary and Specification Updates". Bowl.com. United States Bowling Congress (USBC). Archived from the original on May 26, 2019.
• O'Keefe, Bryan (2015). "Bowling Release Ratio". usbcbowlingacademy.com. Archived from the original on April 2, 2016. (date is approximate)
• "Adjusting Entry Angle". bowl.com (United States Bowling Congress, USBC). 2015. Archived from the original on April 17, 2017. (date is approximate)
"Technical Terms" (PDF). bowl.com. United States Bowling Congress. Archived (PDF) from the original on September 20, 2018. Retrieved 25 September 2018.
"Approved Ball List". bowl.com (United States Bowling Congress, USBC). Archived from the original on November 6, 2018.

bowlersmart.com

Barnes, Clifton (March 19, 2020). "2020 USBC Rule Changes On Bowling Ball Weight Holes By MDM Bowling Coaching". bowlersmart.com. Archived from the original on November 13, 2020.

bowlingball.com

Carrubba, Rich (June 2012). "Bowling Ball Evolution". BowlingBall.com (Bowlversity educational section). Archived from the original on September 17, 2018.
Martin, Jimmy (May 12, 2011). "The Evolution of Bowling Balls". BowlingBall.com (Bowlversity educational section). Archived from the original on September 26, 2022.
Carrubba, Rich (January 1, 2013). "Reactive Bowling Balls". BowlingBall.com (Bowlversity educational section). Archived from the original on August 6, 2020.
"How Should My Bowling Ball Be Drilled?". BowlingBall.com (Bowlversity educational section). January 2015. Archived from the original on July 11, 2015.
Carrubba, Rich (November 2012). "Your Bowling Ball Positive Axis Point". BowlingBall.com (Bowlversity educational section). Archived from the original on July 9, 2017.
"Finger Inserts For New Bowlers". BowlingBall.com (Bowlversity educational section). 2013. Archived from the original on January 16, 2019.
Carrubba, Rich (October 2, 2011). "Understanding Bowling Ball Motion". BowlingBall.com (Bowlversity educational section). Archived from the original on May 5, 2023.
"What Are The Boiled Down Factors Affecting Bowling Ball Motion?". BowlingBall.com (Bowlversity educational section). April 13, 2015. Archived from the original on August 18, 2015.
Carrubba, Rich (February 5, 2013). "The Simple Keys Of Bowling Ball Motion". BowlingBall.com (Bowlversity educational section). Archived from the original on July 23, 2021.
"Your Bowling Ball Motion". BowlingBall.com (Bowlversity educational section). December 29, 2016. Archived from the original on February 9, 2017.
"Variables You Encounter When Bowling". BowlingBall.com (Bowlversity educational section). April 18, 2016. Archived from the original on October 12, 2016.
"Bowling Ball Reaction Keys". BowlingBall.com (Bowlversity educational section). July 28, 2016. Archived from the original on November 10, 2016.
Carrubba, Rich; Spear, Keith (September 9, 2016). "Ideal Bowling Ball Speed". Bowlingball.com (Bowlversity educational section). Archived from the original on February 5, 2025.
"Being Able To Adjust Your Axis Rotation Is A Tool Worth Having". BowlingBall.com (Bowlversity educational section). December 22, 2011. Archived from the original on March 5, 2021.
"Bowling Ball RG And Differential Range Ratings". BowlingBall.com (Bowlversity educational section). 2014. Archived from the original on December 26, 2014. Retrieved 25 September 2018.
Spear, Keith (January 30, 2025). "Bowling Ball Core Dynamics: Understanding Core Types, RG, and Hook Potential". Bowlingball.com (Bowlversity educational section). Archived from the original on February 6, 2025.
Carrubba, Rich (September 7, 2010). "How To Find A Skid-Flip Bowling Ball". BowlingBall.com (Bowlversity educational section). Archived from the original on February 26, 2021.
"Ball Dynamics and Hook Potential". BowlingBall.com (Bowlversity educational section). 2005. Archived from the original on November 24, 2005. Retrieved 25 September 2018.
Carrubba, Rich (February 4, 2013). "Bowling Ball Surface Grit Pads". BowlingBall.com (Bowlversity educational section). Archived from the original on November 11, 2020.
Carrubba, Rich (2012). "BowlVersity Q & A Part 2 / Q. Which are the most effective ranges of grit pads to use when altering bowling ball surfaces?". BowlingBall.com (Bowlversity educational section). Archived from the original on September 18, 2015.
"Understand Your Bowling Ball Reaction". BowlingBall.com (Bowlversity educational section). May 22, 2016. Archived from the original on December 2, 2018.
"Bowling Lane Adjusting From Pair To Pair". BowlingBall.com (Bowlversity educational section). June 28, 2016. Archived from the original on October 31, 2016.
"Changing Lane Oil Conditions". BowlingBall.com (Bowlversity educational section). 2015. Archived from the original on September 18, 2015.

bowlingdigital.com

Siefers, Nick (USBC research engineer) (April 23, 2007). "Understanding the relationship between core and cover stock". BowlingDigital.com (Courtesy of USBC Equipment Specification and Certification). Archived from the original on September 20, 2018.

bowlingthismonth.com

"Bowling Balls: An In-Depth Overview". Bowling This Month. March 31, 2017. Archived from the original on April 12, 2019.
Rose, Tyrel (2019). "Improving Your Release / Tools, techniques, and practice drills for developing a more effective release". Bowling This Month. Archived from the original on April 5, 2019.

bowlnh.com

New Hampshire Candlepin Bowling Association (2013). "Candlepin Bowling Rules / Pin specifications and ~ / Ball specifications". Archived from the original on January 26, 2016. 2013 date estimated based on earliest archive date.

ctdbowling.com

Hickland, Ronald (April 11, 2017). "What is the difference between Pin up and Pin down Drilling on a Bowling Ball?". CTDbowling.com News section. (Web page archiving attempts failed.)

gutenberg.org

"Bowling Catalog E". Gutenberg.org. Narragansett Machine Company. 1895. Archived from the original on July 1, 2018. Project Gutenberg release date: June 16, 2018.

hucosystems.com

"Bowling" (PDF). Spalding's Athletic Library. Vol. 1, no. 3. New York: American Sports Publishing Company. December 1892. Archived from the original (PDF) on March 27, 2020.

internapcdn.net

usbcongress.http.internapcdn.net

- Stremmel, Neil; Ridenour, Paul; Stervenz, Scott (2008). "Identifying the Critical Factors That Contribute to Bowling Ball Motion on a Bowling Lane" (PDF). United States Bowling Congress. Archived (PDF) from the original on June 3, 2012.

nationalbowlingacademy.com

"Picking a New Bowling Ball for the Average Bowler". National Bowling Academy. May 13, 2024. Archived from the original on July 19, 2024.
McEwan, Jason (August 2022). "A Guide to Bowling Ball Cores, RG, Differential, and Coverstock". National Bowling Academy. Archived from the original on 25 August 2022.
McEwen, Jason (2022). "A Guide to Bowling Ball Cores, RG, Differential, and Coverstock". National Bowling Academy. Archived from the original on March 21, 2023.

nytimes.com

Barry, Dan (April 21, 2000). "Perfection Made Easy; Bowling a 300 Game Just Isn't the Feat It Used to Be". The New York Times. Archived from the original on June 7, 2016.

paramountindustriesinc.com

"Duckpin Bowling". paramountindustriesinc.com. 2017. Archived from the original on April 11, 2017.

phippsbowling.com

"Accessories and Equipment / Accessoires et équipements (2015-2016 Season)" (PDF). PhippsBowling.com. 2016. Archived (PDF) from the original on March 28, 2017.

usbcbowlingacademy.com

• O'Keefe, Bryan (2015). "Bowling Release Ratio". usbcbowlingacademy.com. Archived from the original on April 2, 2016. (date is approximate)
• "Adjusting Entry Angle". bowl.com (United States Bowling Congress, USBC). 2015. Archived from the original on April 17, 2017. (date is approximate)

web.archive.org

"Bowling" (PDF). Spalding's Athletic Library. Vol. 1, no. 3. New York: American Sports Publishing Company. December 1892. Archived from the original (PDF) on March 27, 2020.
Carrubba, Rich (June 2012). "Bowling Ball Evolution". BowlingBall.com (Bowlversity educational section). Archived from the original on September 17, 2018.
Wiseman, Lucas; United States Bowling Congress (USBC) (May 7, 2014). "USBC Modifies Rule on Bowling Ball Gripping holes". bowl.com (United States Bowling Congress, USBC). Archived from the original on July 7, 2017.
"USBC Equipment Specifications and Certifications Manual" (PDF). bowl.com (United States Bowling Congress, USBC). February 2012. Archived (PDF) from the original on December 29, 2018.
Bigham, Terry (April 24, 2018). "Bowling Technology Study Conclusion / Research Summary and Specification Updates". Bowl.com. United States Bowling Congress (USBC). Archived from the original on May 26, 2019.
Barnes, Clifton (March 19, 2020). "2020 USBC Rule Changes On Bowling Ball Weight Holes By MDM Bowling Coaching". bowlersmart.com. Archived from the original on November 13, 2020.
Siefers, Nick (USBC research engineer) (April 23, 2007). "Understanding the relationship between core and cover stock". BowlingDigital.com (Courtesy of USBC Equipment Specification and Certification). Archived from the original on September 20, 2018.
Martin, Jimmy (May 12, 2011). "The Evolution of Bowling Balls". BowlingBall.com (Bowlversity educational section). Archived from the original on September 26, 2022.
"Bowling Balls: An In-Depth Overview". Bowling This Month. March 31, 2017. Archived from the original on April 12, 2019.
Barry, Dan (April 21, 2000). "Perfection Made Easy; Bowling a 300 Game Just Isn't the Feat It Used to Be". The New York Times. Archived from the original on June 7, 2016.
Carrubba, Rich (January 1, 2013). "Reactive Bowling Balls". BowlingBall.com (Bowlversity educational section). Archived from the original on August 6, 2020.
"How Should My Bowling Ball Be Drilled?". BowlingBall.com (Bowlversity educational section). January 2015. Archived from the original on July 11, 2015.
Carrubba, Rich (November 2012). "Your Bowling Ball Positive Axis Point". BowlingBall.com (Bowlversity educational section). Archived from the original on July 9, 2017.
"Finger Inserts For New Bowlers". BowlingBall.com (Bowlversity educational section). 2013. Archived from the original on January 16, 2019.
- Stremmel, Neil; Ridenour, Paul; Stervenz, Scott (2008). "Identifying the Critical Factors That Contribute to Bowling Ball Motion on a Bowling Lane" (PDF). United States Bowling Congress. Archived (PDF) from the original on June 3, 2012.
- Carrubba, Rich (October 2, 2011). "Understanding Bowling Ball Motion". BowlingBall.com (Bowlversity educational section). Archived from the original on May 5, 2023.
- "What Are The Boiled Down Factors Affecting Bowling Ball Motion?". BowlingBall.com (Bowlversity educational section). April 13, 2015. Archived from the original on August 18, 2015.
- Carrubba, Rich (February 5, 2013). "The Simple Keys Of Bowling Ball Motion". BowlingBall.com (Bowlversity educational section). Archived from the original on July 23, 2021.
- "Your Bowling Ball Motion". BowlingBall.com (Bowlversity educational section). December 29, 2016. Archived from the original on February 9, 2017.
- "Variables You Encounter When Bowling". BowlingBall.com (Bowlversity educational section). April 18, 2016. Archived from the original on October 12, 2016.
- "Bowling Ball Reaction Keys". BowlingBall.com (Bowlversity educational section). July 28, 2016. Archived from the original on November 10, 2016.
- • O'Keefe, Bryan (2015). "Bowling Release Ratio". usbcbowlingacademy.com. Archived from the original on April 2, 2016. (date is approximate)
  • "Adjusting Entry Angle". bowl.com (United States Bowling Congress, USBC). 2015. Archived from the original on April 17, 2017. (date is approximate)
- Rose, Tyrel (2019). "Improving Your Release / Tools, techniques, and practice drills for developing a more effective release". Bowling This Month. Archived from the original on April 5, 2019.
- Carrubba, Rich; Spear, Keith (September 9, 2016). "Ideal Bowling Ball Speed". Bowlingball.com (Bowlversity educational section). Archived from the original on February 5, 2025.
- "Being Able To Adjust Your Axis Rotation Is A Tool Worth Having". BowlingBall.com (Bowlversity educational section). December 22, 2011. Archived from the original on March 5, 2021.
- "Bowling Ball RG And Differential Range Ratings". BowlingBall.com (Bowlversity educational section). 2014. Archived from the original on December 26, 2014. Retrieved 25 September 2018.
- "Picking a New Bowling Ball for the Average Bowler". National Bowling Academy. May 13, 2024. Archived from the original on July 19, 2024.
- Spear, Keith (January 30, 2025). "Bowling Ball Core Dynamics: Understanding Core Types, RG, and Hook Potential". Bowlingball.com (Bowlversity educational section). Archived from the original on February 6, 2025.
- McEwan, Jason (August 2022). "A Guide to Bowling Ball Cores, RG, Differential, and Coverstock". National Bowling Academy. Archived from the original on 25 August 2022.
- McEwen, Jason (2022). "A Guide to Bowling Ball Cores, RG, Differential, and Coverstock". National Bowling Academy. Archived from the original on March 21, 2023.
- Carrubba, Rich (September 7, 2010). "How To Find A Skid-Flip Bowling Ball". BowlingBall.com (Bowlversity educational section). Archived from the original on February 26, 2021.
- "Ball Dynamics and Hook Potential". BowlingBall.com (Bowlversity educational section). 2005. Archived from the original on November 24, 2005. Retrieved 25 September 2018.
- "Technical Terms" (PDF). bowl.com. United States Bowling Congress. Archived (PDF) from the original on September 20, 2018. Retrieved 25 September 2018.
- Carrubba, Rich (February 4, 2013). "Bowling Ball Surface Grit Pads". BowlingBall.com (Bowlversity educational section). Archived from the original on November 11, 2020.
- Carrubba, Rich (2012). "BowlVersity Q & A Part 2 / Q. Which are the most effective ranges of grit pads to use when altering bowling ball surfaces?". BowlingBall.com (Bowlversity educational section). Archived from the original on September 18, 2015.
- "Understand Your Bowling Ball Reaction". BowlingBall.com (Bowlversity educational section). May 22, 2016. Archived from the original on December 2, 2018.
- "Bowling Lane Adjusting From Pair To Pair". BowlingBall.com (Bowlversity educational section). June 28, 2016. Archived from the original on October 31, 2016.
- "Bowling Catalog E". Gutenberg.org. Narragansett Machine Company. 1895. Archived from the original on July 1, 2018. Project Gutenberg release date: June 16, 2018.
- "Changing Lane Oil Conditions". BowlingBall.com (Bowlversity educational section). 2015. Archived from the original on September 18, 2015.
- "Approved Ball List". bowl.com (United States Bowling Congress, USBC). Archived from the original on November 6, 2018.
- "Duckpin Bowling". paramountindustriesinc.com. 2017. Archived from the original on April 11, 2017.
- "Accessories and Equipment / Accessoires et équipements (2015-2016 Season)" (PDF). PhippsBowling.com. 2016. Archived (PDF) from the original on March 28, 2017.
- New Hampshire Candlepin Bowling Association (2013). "Candlepin Bowling Rules / Pin specifications and ~ / Ball specifications". Archived from the original on January 26, 2016. 2013 date estimated based on earliest archive date.
- "Basics of candlepin vs. tenpin bowling". The Boston Globe. May 4, 2014. Archived from the original on May 13, 2014.