Boxing (English Wikipedia)

Emspak, Jesse (8 February 2012). "Headgear Protects Boxers' Brains, Mostly". DNews. Archived from the original on 23 April 2016. Retrieved 22 September 2014.

dmu.ac.uk

dora.dmu.ac.uk

Carter, Neil (June 2006). "Better and Safer Boxing: Ringside and Boardroom Medical Control of Boxing Careers in the Twentieth Century". Dora.dmu.ac.uk. hdl:2086/4437. Archived from the original on 4 November 2021. Retrieved 22 September 2014.

doi.org

Crowther, Nigel B. (1990). "The Evidence for Kicking in Greek Boxing". The American Journal of Philology. 111 (2): 176–181. doi:10.2307/294973. ISSN 0002-9475. JSTOR 294973.
Lundberg, George D. (1983). "Boxing should be banned in civilized countries". Journal of the American Medical Association. 249 (2). Jama.jamanetwork.com: 249–250. doi:10.1001/jama.1983.03330260068037.
Zazryn, Tsharni R.; McCrory, Paul R.; Cameron, Peter A. (February 2009). "Neurologic Injuries in Boxing and Other Combat Sports". Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinics of North America. 20 (1): 227–239. doi:10.1016/j.pmr.2008.10.004. PMID 19084773.
Castellani, Rudy J. (June 2015). "Chronic traumatic encephalopathy: A paradigm in search of evidence?". Laboratory Investigation. 95 (6): 576–584. doi:10.1038/labinvest.2015.54. PMID 25867769.
Ridler, Charlotte (April 2017). "New insights into the long-term effects of mild brain injury". Nature Reviews Neurology. 13 (4): 195. doi:10.1038/nrneurol.2017.32. PMID 28257129.
Tagge, Chad A; Fisher, Andrew M; Minaeva, Olga V; Gaudreau-Balderrama, Amanda; Moncaster, Juliet A; Zhang, Xiao-Lei; Wojnarowicz, Mark W; Casey, Noel; Lu, Haiyan; Kokiko-Cochran, Olga N; Saman, Sudad; Ericsson, Maria; Onos, Kristen D; Veksler, Ronel; Senatorov, Vladimir V (February 2018). "Concussion, microvascular injury, and early tauopathy in young athletes after impact head injury and an impact concussion mouse model". Brain. 141 (2): 422–458. doi:10.1093/brain/awx350. PMC 5837414. PMID 29360998.
Montenigro, Philip H; Baugh, Christine M; Daneshvar, Daniel H; Mez, Jesse; Budson, Andrew E; Au, Rhoda; Katz, Douglas I; Cantu, Robert C; Stern, Robert A (October 2014). "Clinical subtypes of chronic traumatic encephalopathy: literature review and proposed research diagnostic criteria for traumatic encephalopathy syndrome". Alzheimer's Research & Therapy. 6 (5–8): 68. doi:10.1186/s13195-014-0068-z. PMC 4288217. PMID 25580160.
Johnson, Brian; Neuberger, Thomas; Gay, Michael; Hallett, Mark; Slobounov, Semyon (December 2014). "Effects of Subconcussive Head Trauma on the Default Mode Network of the Brain". Journal of Neurotrauma. 31 (23): 1907–1913. doi:10.1089/neu.2014.3415. PMC 4238241. PMID 25010992.
Di Virgilio, Thomas G.; Ietswaart, Magdalena; Wilson, Lindsay; Donaldson, David I.; Hunter, Angus M. (10 September 2019). "Understanding the Consequences of Repetitive Subconcussive Head Impacts in Sport: Brain Changes and Dampened Motor Control Are Seen After Boxing Practice". Frontiers in Human Neuroscience. 13: 294. doi:10.3389/fnhum.2019.00294. PMC 6746992. PMID 31551732.
McKee, Ann C.; Cantu, Robert C.; Nowinski, Christopher J.; Hedley-Whyte, E. Tessa; Gavett, Brandon E.; Budson, Andrew E.; Santini, Veronica E.; Lee, Hyo-Soon; Kubilus, Caroline A.; Stern, Robert A. (July 2009). "Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy in Athletes: Progressive Tauopathy following Repetitive Head Injury". Journal of Neuropathology and Experimental Neurology. 68 (7): 709–735. doi:10.1097/NEN.0b013e3181a9d503. ISSN 0022-3069. PMC 2945234. PMID 19535999.
Viano, David C.; Casson, Ira R.; Pellman, Elliot J.; Bir, Cynthia A.; Zhang, Liying; Sherman, Donald C.; Boitano, Marilyn A. (December 2005). "Concussion in Professional Football: Comparison with Boxing Head Impacts—Part 10". Neurosurgery. 57 (6): 1154–1172. doi:10.1227/01.neu.0000187541.87937.d9. PMID 16331164. S2CID 45425906.
Stewart, W. F.; Gordon, B.; Selnes, O.; Bandeen-Roche, K.; Zeger, S.; Tusa, R. J.; Celentano, D. D.; Shechter, A.; Liberman, J. (15 March 1994). "Prospective study of central nervous system function in amateur boxers in the United States". American Journal of Epidemiology. 139 (6): 573–588. doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a117047. ISSN 0002-9262. PMID 8172169.
McCrory, Paul; Zazryn, Tsharni; Cameron, Peter (2007). "The Evidence for Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy in Boxing". Sports Medicine. 37 (6): 467–476. doi:10.2165/00007256-200737060-00001. PMC 2465459. PMID 17503873.
Tjønndal, Anne; Haudenhuyse, Reinhard; de Geus, Bas; Buyse, Luk (4 March 2022). "Concussions, cuts and cracked bones: A systematic literature review on protective headgear and head injury prevention in Olympic boxing". European Journal of Sport Science. 22 (3): 447–459. doi:10.1080/17461391.2021.1872711. ISSN 1746-1391. PMID 33607924. S2CID 231970408.

eastlondonhistory.com

John Rennie (2006) East London Prize Ring Rules 1743 Archived 18 February 2008 at the Wayback Machine

economist.com

"Bouncing back". The Economist. 15 January 2015.

ejmas.com

Svinth, Joseph R. "Death Under the Spotlight" Electronic Journals of Martial Arts and Sciences, Accessed 25 November 2007

ekb.eg

shedet.journals.ekb.eg

Early evidence of boxing in ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia: A Comparative Study. Fawziah Abdullah Mohamedorcid Egyptology Department, Faculty of Archaeology

espn.com

"Olympic boxing drops headgear, tweaks scoring". ESPN.com. 23 March 2013. Retrieved 24 November 2022.

handle.net

hdl.handle.net

Carter, Neil (June 2006). "Better and Safer Boxing: Ringside and Boardroom Medical Control of Boxing Careers in the Twentieth Century". Dora.dmu.ac.uk. hdl:2086/4437. Archived from the original on 4 November 2021. Retrieved 22 September 2014.

headcasecompany.com

"Sports Concussion Statistics | HCC- Best Anti Concussion Helmets & Devices". headcasecompany.com. Retrieved 18 February 2022.

ibhof.com

"James Figg". IBHOF. 1999. Retrieved 22 March 2018. excerpting Roberts, James B.; Skutt, Alexander G. (2006). The Boxing Register: International Boxing Hall of Fame Official Record Book (4th ed.). Ithaca, N.Y.: McBooks Press. ISBN 978-1-59013-121-3. OCLC 819715339. Retrieved 22 March 2018.
"International Boxing Hall of Fame". ibhof.com. Retrieved 8 May 2017.
"Inductee Index". ibhof.com. Retrieved 8 May 2019.

jstor.org

Crowther, Nigel B. (1990). "The Evidence for Kicking in Greek Boxing". The American Journal of Philology. 111 (2): 176–181. doi:10.2307/294973. ISSN 0002-9475. JSTOR 294973.
Rubin, Louis D. (2000). "The Manly art of Modified Mayhem: Dempsey and Others". The Sewanee Review. 108 (3): 412–432. JSTOR 27548887.

la84.org

library.la84.org

Guttmann, Allen (1981). "Sports Spectators from Antiquity to the Renaissance" (PDF). Journal of Sport History. 8 (2). Archived from the original (PDF) on 22 August 2017. Retrieved 11 November 2018.

law.edu

scholarship.law.edu

Walsh, Kevin (1 January 1994). "Boxing: Regulating a Health Hazard". Journal of Contemporary Health Law & Policy (1985-2015). 11 (1): 63–84. ISSN 0882-1046.

loc.gov

rs6.loc.gov

Leonard–Cushing fight Part of the Library of Congress Inventing Entertainment educational website. Retrieved 12/14/06.

mcfarlandpub.com

Goldman, Herbert G. (2012). Boxing: A Worldwide Record of Bouts and Boxers. NC, USA: McFarland. ISBN 978-0-7864-6054-0. Archived from the original on 9 May 2012. Retrieved 20 July 2012.

mmachannel.com

Boxing is a martial art:
- "Is boxing considered a martial art? Yes, here's why". MMA Channel. 5 June 2021. Retrieved 4 June 2023.

mq.edu.au

lighthouse.mq.edu.au

"Boxing deaths show safety rules are not enough: new study". The Lighthouse. 22 February 2022. Retrieved 15 November 2024.

mskhealthcare.co.uk

"Why head-guards in boxing isn't always best ?". www.mskhealthcare.co.uk. 14 February 2019. Archived from the original on 6 March 2023. Retrieved 24 November 2022.

muzhp.pl

bazhum.muzhp.pl

The Martial Science of Boxing and its Contribution to Military Close Combat / James R. Lee-Barron. Published 2012

newscientist.com

"Amateur boxers suffer brain damage too". New Scientist (2602): 4. 8 May 2007.

nih.gov

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Tommasone, Beth A; Valovich McLeod, Tamara C (2006). "Contact Sport Concussion Incidence". Journal of Athletic Training. 41 (4): 470–472. ISSN 1062-6050. PMC 1748409. PMID 17273475.
Zazryn, Tsharni R.; McCrory, Paul R.; Cameron, Peter A. (February 2009). "Neurologic Injuries in Boxing and Other Combat Sports". Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinics of North America. 20 (1): 227–239. doi:10.1016/j.pmr.2008.10.004. PMID 19084773.
Castellani, Rudy J. (June 2015). "Chronic traumatic encephalopathy: A paradigm in search of evidence?". Laboratory Investigation. 95 (6): 576–584. doi:10.1038/labinvest.2015.54. PMID 25867769.
Ridler, Charlotte (April 2017). "New insights into the long-term effects of mild brain injury". Nature Reviews Neurology. 13 (4): 195. doi:10.1038/nrneurol.2017.32. PMID 28257129.
Tagge, Chad A; Fisher, Andrew M; Minaeva, Olga V; Gaudreau-Balderrama, Amanda; Moncaster, Juliet A; Zhang, Xiao-Lei; Wojnarowicz, Mark W; Casey, Noel; Lu, Haiyan; Kokiko-Cochran, Olga N; Saman, Sudad; Ericsson, Maria; Onos, Kristen D; Veksler, Ronel; Senatorov, Vladimir V (February 2018). "Concussion, microvascular injury, and early tauopathy in young athletes after impact head injury and an impact concussion mouse model". Brain. 141 (2): 422–458. doi:10.1093/brain/awx350. PMC 5837414. PMID 29360998.
Montenigro, Philip H; Baugh, Christine M; Daneshvar, Daniel H; Mez, Jesse; Budson, Andrew E; Au, Rhoda; Katz, Douglas I; Cantu, Robert C; Stern, Robert A (October 2014). "Clinical subtypes of chronic traumatic encephalopathy: literature review and proposed research diagnostic criteria for traumatic encephalopathy syndrome". Alzheimer's Research & Therapy. 6 (5–8): 68. doi:10.1186/s13195-014-0068-z. PMC 4288217. PMID 25580160.
Johnson, Brian; Neuberger, Thomas; Gay, Michael; Hallett, Mark; Slobounov, Semyon (December 2014). "Effects of Subconcussive Head Trauma on the Default Mode Network of the Brain". Journal of Neurotrauma. 31 (23): 1907–1913. doi:10.1089/neu.2014.3415. PMC 4238241. PMID 25010992.
Di Virgilio, Thomas G.; Ietswaart, Magdalena; Wilson, Lindsay; Donaldson, David I.; Hunter, Angus M. (10 September 2019). "Understanding the Consequences of Repetitive Subconcussive Head Impacts in Sport: Brain Changes and Dampened Motor Control Are Seen After Boxing Practice". Frontiers in Human Neuroscience. 13: 294. doi:10.3389/fnhum.2019.00294. PMC 6746992. PMID 31551732.
McKee, Ann C.; Cantu, Robert C.; Nowinski, Christopher J.; Hedley-Whyte, E. Tessa; Gavett, Brandon E.; Budson, Andrew E.; Santini, Veronica E.; Lee, Hyo-Soon; Kubilus, Caroline A.; Stern, Robert A. (July 2009). "Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy in Athletes: Progressive Tauopathy following Repetitive Head Injury". Journal of Neuropathology and Experimental Neurology. 68 (7): 709–735. doi:10.1097/NEN.0b013e3181a9d503. ISSN 0022-3069. PMC 2945234. PMID 19535999.
Safinia, Cyrus; Bershad, Eric M.; Clark, H. Brent; SantaCruz, Karen; Alakbarova, Naila; Suarez, Jose I.; Divani, Afshin A. (October 2016). "Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy in Athletes Involved with High-impact Sports". Journal of Vascular and Interventional Neurology. 9 (2): 34–48. ISSN 1941-5893. PMC 5094259. PMID 27829969.
Viano, David C.; Casson, Ira R.; Pellman, Elliot J.; Bir, Cynthia A.; Zhang, Liying; Sherman, Donald C.; Boitano, Marilyn A. (December 2005). "Concussion in Professional Football: Comparison with Boxing Head Impacts—Part 10". Neurosurgery. 57 (6): 1154–1172. doi:10.1227/01.neu.0000187541.87937.d9. PMID 16331164. S2CID 45425906.
Stewart, W. F.; Gordon, B.; Selnes, O.; Bandeen-Roche, K.; Zeger, S.; Tusa, R. J.; Celentano, D. D.; Shechter, A.; Liberman, J. (15 March 1994). "Prospective study of central nervous system function in amateur boxers in the United States". American Journal of Epidemiology. 139 (6): 573–588. doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a117047. ISSN 0002-9262. PMID 8172169.
McCrory, Paul; Zazryn, Tsharni; Cameron, Peter (2007). "The Evidence for Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy in Boxing". Sports Medicine. 37 (6): 467–476. doi:10.2165/00007256-200737060-00001. PMC 2465459. PMID 17503873.
Tjønndal, Anne; Haudenhuyse, Reinhard; de Geus, Bas; Buyse, Luk (4 March 2022). "Concussions, cuts and cracked bones: A systematic literature review on protective headgear and head injury prevention in Olympic boxing". European Journal of Sport Science. 22 (3): 447–459. doi:10.1080/17461391.2021.1872711. ISSN 1746-1391. PMID 33607924. S2CID 231970408.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Tommasone, Beth A; Valovich McLeod, Tamara C (2006). "Contact Sport Concussion Incidence". Journal of Athletic Training. 41 (4): 470–472. ISSN 1062-6050. PMC 1748409. PMID 17273475.
Tagge, Chad A; Fisher, Andrew M; Minaeva, Olga V; Gaudreau-Balderrama, Amanda; Moncaster, Juliet A; Zhang, Xiao-Lei; Wojnarowicz, Mark W; Casey, Noel; Lu, Haiyan; Kokiko-Cochran, Olga N; Saman, Sudad; Ericsson, Maria; Onos, Kristen D; Veksler, Ronel; Senatorov, Vladimir V (February 2018). "Concussion, microvascular injury, and early tauopathy in young athletes after impact head injury and an impact concussion mouse model". Brain. 141 (2): 422–458. doi:10.1093/brain/awx350. PMC 5837414. PMID 29360998.
Montenigro, Philip H; Baugh, Christine M; Daneshvar, Daniel H; Mez, Jesse; Budson, Andrew E; Au, Rhoda; Katz, Douglas I; Cantu, Robert C; Stern, Robert A (October 2014). "Clinical subtypes of chronic traumatic encephalopathy: literature review and proposed research diagnostic criteria for traumatic encephalopathy syndrome". Alzheimer's Research & Therapy. 6 (5–8): 68. doi:10.1186/s13195-014-0068-z. PMC 4288217. PMID 25580160.
Johnson, Brian; Neuberger, Thomas; Gay, Michael; Hallett, Mark; Slobounov, Semyon (December 2014). "Effects of Subconcussive Head Trauma on the Default Mode Network of the Brain". Journal of Neurotrauma. 31 (23): 1907–1913. doi:10.1089/neu.2014.3415. PMC 4238241. PMID 25010992.
Di Virgilio, Thomas G.; Ietswaart, Magdalena; Wilson, Lindsay; Donaldson, David I.; Hunter, Angus M. (10 September 2019). "Understanding the Consequences of Repetitive Subconcussive Head Impacts in Sport: Brain Changes and Dampened Motor Control Are Seen After Boxing Practice". Frontiers in Human Neuroscience. 13: 294. doi:10.3389/fnhum.2019.00294. PMC 6746992. PMID 31551732.
McKee, Ann C.; Cantu, Robert C.; Nowinski, Christopher J.; Hedley-Whyte, E. Tessa; Gavett, Brandon E.; Budson, Andrew E.; Santini, Veronica E.; Lee, Hyo-Soon; Kubilus, Caroline A.; Stern, Robert A. (July 2009). "Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy in Athletes: Progressive Tauopathy following Repetitive Head Injury". Journal of Neuropathology and Experimental Neurology. 68 (7): 709–735. doi:10.1097/NEN.0b013e3181a9d503. ISSN 0022-3069. PMC 2945234. PMID 19535999.
Safinia, Cyrus; Bershad, Eric M.; Clark, H. Brent; SantaCruz, Karen; Alakbarova, Naila; Suarez, Jose I.; Divani, Afshin A. (October 2016). "Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy in Athletes Involved with High-impact Sports". Journal of Vascular and Interventional Neurology. 9 (2): 34–48. ISSN 1941-5893. PMC 5094259. PMID 27829969.
McCrory, Paul; Zazryn, Tsharni; Cameron, Peter (2007). "The Evidence for Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy in Boxing". Sports Medicine. 37 (6): 467–476. doi:10.2165/00007256-200737060-00001. PMC 2465459. PMID 17503873.

nwfighting.com

Patterson, Jeff. "Boxing for Fitness: Straight Right". nwfighting.com. Northwest Fighting Arts. Retrieved 12 March 2014.

nytimes.com

mobile.nytimes.com

Belson, Ken (15 August 2016). "Pro Boxers at the Olympics: An Opportunity, or a Dangerous Power Grab?". The New York Times.

olympics.com

Boxing equipment and history - Olympics

orthodonticsaustralia.org.au

"Hobbies & Braces: Protect Teeth While Playing Sport and Music". Orthodontics Australia. 26 May 2017. Retrieved 6 October 2020.
"The Importance of a Mouthguard When Playing Sport". Orthodontics Australia. 21 February 2020. Retrieved 6 October 2020.

owingsmillsboxingclub.com

Bert Randolph Sugar (2001). "Boxing", World Book Online Americas Edition Owingsmillsboxingclub.com Archived 19 June 2006 at the Wayback Machine

phrases.org.uk

"Phrases.org". Phrases.org. Retrieved 18 May 2012.

prepp.in

Amruta, Patil (5 July 2022). "Musti Yuddha - Martial Arts in India- Art and Culture Notes". Prepp. Retrieved 21 October 2022.

sacred-texts.com

Section XIII: Samayapalana Parva, Book 4: Virata Parva, Mahabharata.

secondsout.com

Hauser, Thomas. "Medical Issues and the AAPRP" Archived 10 February 2008 at the Wayback Machine SecondsOut.com, Accessed 25 November 2007

semanticscholar.org

api.semanticscholar.org

Viano, David C.; Casson, Ira R.; Pellman, Elliot J.; Bir, Cynthia A.; Zhang, Liying; Sherman, Donald C.; Boitano, Marilyn A. (December 2005). "Concussion in Professional Football: Comparison with Boxing Head Impacts—Part 10". Neurosurgery. 57 (6): 1154–1172. doi:10.1227/01.neu.0000187541.87937.d9. PMID 16331164. S2CID 45425906.
Tjønndal, Anne; Haudenhuyse, Reinhard; de Geus, Bas; Buyse, Luk (4 March 2022). "Concussions, cuts and cracked bones: A systematic literature review on protective headgear and head injury prevention in Olympic boxing". European Journal of Sport Science. 22 (3): 447–459. doi:10.1080/17461391.2021.1872711. ISSN 1746-1391. PMID 33607924. S2CID 231970408.

sportycious.com

"Information About Boxing: Definition, History, Rules & Types". 31 December 2016. Retrieved 2 September 2023.

theguardian.com

"Professional boxers will be allowed to compete at Rio Olympics". The Guardian. June 2016.

thesweetscience.com

"Feisty USA Boxing President John Brown Sees Better Times Ahead". The Sweet Science. Archived from the original on 15 June 2018. Retrieved 21 December 2017.

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"tumblr_lx13m7QVfb1qa5yan.jpg". Tumblr. Retrieved 16 January 2014.

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revpubli.unileon.es

A Historical Overview of Mixed Martial Arts in China, by William Acevedo, Mei Cheung

vice.com

sports.vice.com

"The Tactical Guide to Gennady Golovkin vs Canelo Alvarez". 15 September 2017.

washingtonpost.com

Socolow, Michael. "Why boxing disappeared after the Rumble in the Jungle". The Washington Post. Retrieved 6 April 2020.

web.archive.org

Guttmann, Allen (1981). "Sports Spectators from Antiquity to the Renaissance" (PDF). Journal of Sport History. 8 (2). Archived from the original (PDF) on 22 August 2017. Retrieved 11 November 2018.
John Rennie (2006) East London Prize Ring Rules 1743 Archived 18 February 2008 at the Wayback Machine
"blow-1.jpg". Yahoo!. Archived from the original on 24 October 2014. Retrieved 16 January 2014.
Emspak, Jesse (8 February 2012). "Headgear Protects Boxers' Brains, Mostly". DNews. Archived from the original on 23 April 2016. Retrieved 22 September 2014.
"Feisty USA Boxing President John Brown Sees Better Times Ahead". The Sweet Science. Archived from the original on 15 June 2018. Retrieved 21 December 2017.
"WBC forbids its champions and ranked fighters from going to Olympics". boxingnewsonline.net. Archived from the original on 22 December 2017. Retrieved 21 December 2017.
"Andrew Eisele (2005). Olympic Boxing Rules, About.com". Boxing.about.com. 9 April 2012. Archived from the original on 6 February 2012. Retrieved 18 May 2012.
Bert Randolph Sugar (2001). "Boxing", World Book Online Americas Edition Owingsmillsboxingclub.com Archived 19 June 2006 at the Wayback Machine
"The Science of Boxing Styles". Boxing Training Fitness. Archived from the original on 12 January 2012. Retrieved 4 December 2012.
"Learn about the different boxing styles. BoxingBeginners.com, the main source of Boxing for Beginners, learn how to box!". Archived from the original on 11 March 2015. Retrieved 22 September 2014.
"The 15 Greatest Composite Punchers of All Time". Boxing.com. Archived from the original on 30 November 2020. Retrieved 22 September 2014.
Goldman, Herbert G. (2012). Boxing: A Worldwide Record of Bouts and Boxers. NC, USA: McFarland. ISBN 978-0-7864-6054-0. Archived from the original on 9 May 2012. Retrieved 20 July 2012.
"Boxing: The health risks". Archived from the original on 18 September 2002. Retrieved 6 May 2010.
Carter, Neil (June 2006). "Better and Safer Boxing: Ringside and Boardroom Medical Control of Boxing Careers in the Twentieth Century". Dora.dmu.ac.uk. hdl:2086/4437. Archived from the original on 4 November 2021. Retrieved 22 September 2014.
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wikisource.org

en.wikisource.org

The Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition notes as different pugilism and boxing. Vol. 4 "Boxing" (p. 350) "Boxing" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 4 (11th ed.). 1911. pp. 350–352. & Vol. 22 "Pugilism" (p. 637) "Pugilism" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 22 (11th ed.). 1911. pp. 637–639.

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Crowther, Nigel B. (1990). "The Evidence for Kicking in Greek Boxing". The American Journal of Philology. 111 (2): 176–181. doi:10.2307/294973. ISSN 0002-9475. JSTOR 294973.
"James Figg". IBHOF. 1999. Retrieved 22 March 2018. excerpting Roberts, James B.; Skutt, Alexander G. (2006). The Boxing Register: International Boxing Hall of Fame Official Record Book (4th ed.). Ithaca, N.Y.: McBooks Press. ISBN 978-1-59013-121-3. OCLC 819715339. Retrieved 22 March 2018.
Walsh, Kevin (1 January 1994). "Boxing: Regulating a Health Hazard". Journal of Contemporary Health Law & Policy (1985-2015). 11 (1): 63–84. ISSN 0882-1046.
Tommasone, Beth A; Valovich McLeod, Tamara C (2006). "Contact Sport Concussion Incidence". Journal of Athletic Training. 41 (4): 470–472. ISSN 1062-6050. PMC 1748409. PMID 17273475.
McKee, Ann C.; Cantu, Robert C.; Nowinski, Christopher J.; Hedley-Whyte, E. Tessa; Gavett, Brandon E.; Budson, Andrew E.; Santini, Veronica E.; Lee, Hyo-Soon; Kubilus, Caroline A.; Stern, Robert A. (July 2009). "Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy in Athletes: Progressive Tauopathy following Repetitive Head Injury". Journal of Neuropathology and Experimental Neurology. 68 (7): 709–735. doi:10.1097/NEN.0b013e3181a9d503. ISSN 0022-3069. PMC 2945234. PMID 19535999.
Safinia, Cyrus; Bershad, Eric M.; Clark, H. Brent; SantaCruz, Karen; Alakbarova, Naila; Suarez, Jose I.; Divani, Afshin A. (October 2016). "Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy in Athletes Involved with High-impact Sports". Journal of Vascular and Interventional Neurology. 9 (2): 34–48. ISSN 1941-5893. PMC 5094259. PMID 27829969.
Stewart, W. F.; Gordon, B.; Selnes, O.; Bandeen-Roche, K.; Zeger, S.; Tusa, R. J.; Celentano, D. D.; Shechter, A.; Liberman, J. (15 March 1994). "Prospective study of central nervous system function in amateur boxers in the United States". American Journal of Epidemiology. 139 (6): 573–588. doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a117047. ISSN 0002-9262. PMID 8172169.
Tjønndal, Anne; Haudenhuyse, Reinhard; de Geus, Bas; Buyse, Luk (4 March 2022). "Concussions, cuts and cracked bones: A systematic literature review on protective headgear and head injury prevention in Olympic boxing". European Journal of Sport Science. 22 (3): 447–459. doi:10.1080/17461391.2021.1872711. ISSN 1746-1391. PMID 33607924. S2CID 231970408.

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