Brachiosaurus (English Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Brachiosaurus" in English language version.

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41doi.org

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Ksepka, D. T.; Norell, M. A. (2010). "The illusory evidence for Asian Brachiosauridae: new material of Erketu ellisoni and a phylogenetic appraisal of basal Titanosauriformes" (PDF). American Museum Novitates (3700): 1–27. doi:10.1206/3700.2. S2CID 86254470. Archived from the original (PDF) on August 19, 2018.

archive-it.org

wayback.archive-it.org

Ksepka, D. T.; Norell, M. A. (2010). "The illusory evidence for Asian Brachiosauridae: new material of Erketu ellisoni and a phylogenetic appraisal of basal Titanosauriformes" (PDF). American Museum Novitates (3700): 1–27. doi:10.1206/3700.2. S2CID 86254470. Archived from the original (PDF) on August 19, 2018.

archive.org

Glut, D.F. (1997). "Brachiosaurus". Dinosaurs: The Encyclopedia. McFarland & Company. pp. 213–221. ISBN 978-0-89950-917-4.
Riggs, E.S. (1901). "The largest known dinosaur". Science. 13 (327): 549–550. Bibcode:1901Sci....13..549R. doi:10.1126/science.13.327.549-a. PMID 17801098. S2CID 34215900.
Upchurch, P.; Barrett, P.M.; Dodson, P. (2004). "Sauropoda". In Weishampel, D.B.; Dodson, P.; Osmolska, H. (eds.). The Dinosauria, Second Edition. Univ of California Press, Berkeley. pp. 259–322. ISBN 978-0-520-24209-8.
Czerkas, S. J.; Czerkas, S. A. (1990). Dinosaurs: a Global View. Limpsfield: Dragons' World. pp. 134–135. ISBN 978-0-7924-5606-3.
Barrett, Paul M.; Upchurch, Paul (2005). "Sauropodomorph diversity through time". In Curry Rogers, Kristina A.; Wilson, Jeffrey A. (eds.). The Sauropods: Evolution and Paleobiology. Berkeley, CA: University of California. pp. 125–156. ISBN 978-0520246232.

archive.today

"Expect Awe-Struck Travelers" (Press release). The Field Museum. November 26, 1999. Archived from the original on March 2, 2000. Retrieved August 27, 2009.

arxiv.org

Taylor, M.P.; Wedel, M.J. (2013). "Why sauropods had long necks; and why giraffes have short necks". PeerJ. 1 (36): –36. arXiv:1209.5439. Bibcode:2012arXiv1209.5439T. doi:10.7717/peerj.36. PMC 3628838. PMID 23638372.

books.google.com

Britton, P. (1993). "The WOW Factor". Popular Science: 86–91.

byu.edu

scholarsarchive.byu.edu

Jensen, J. A. (1985). "Three new sauropod dinosaurs from the Upper Jurassic of Colorado". Great Basin Naturalist. 45 (4): 697–709. doi:10.5962/bhl.part.4439. Archived from the original on March 30, 2018. Retrieved March 29, 2018.

chicagoparkdistrict.com

"Brachiosaurus Replica | Artwork | Chicago Park District". www.chicagoparkdistrict.com. Archived from the original on May 26, 2024. Retrieved October 7, 2024.

chicagotribune.com

"Art Institute lions head for a steam and a wax, Field Museum dino goes to dumpster". Chicago Tribune. June 14, 2022. Archived from the original on June 23, 2024. Retrieved October 11, 2024.
"Field's Big Dinosaur Departing for O'Hare". Chicago Tribune. December 12, 1999. Retrieved October 7, 2024.
"Replica of Dinosaur Fossil Gives O'Hare Passengers Monstrous Welcome". Chicago Tribune. January 20, 2000. Archived from the original on October 7, 2024. Retrieved October 7, 2024.

dinodb.com

marsh.dinodb.com

Marsh, O.C. (1891). "Restoration of Triceratops" (PDF). American Journal of Science. 41 (244): 339–342. Bibcode:1891AmJS...41..339M. doi:10.2475/ajs.s3-41.244.339. S2CID 130653625. Archived from the original (PDF) on June 24, 2021. Retrieved September 25, 2010.

doi.org

Riggs, E.S. (1903). "Brachiosaurus altithorax, the largest known dinosaur". American Journal of Science. 4. 15 (88): 299–306. Bibcode:1903AmJS...15..299R. doi:10.2475/ajs.s4-15.88.299. Archived from the original on June 17, 2019. Retrieved June 17, 2019.
Taylor, M.P. (2009). "A re-evaluation of Brachiosaurus altithorax Riggs 1903 (Dinosauria, Sauropoda) and its generic separation from Giraffatitan brancai (Janensh 1914)" (PDF). Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 29 (3): 787–806. Bibcode:2009JVPal..29..787T. doi:10.1671/039.029.0309. S2CID 15220647. Archived (PDF) from the original on December 22, 2018. Retrieved October 28, 2010.
Lohman, S.W. (1965). "Geology and artesian water supply of the Grand Junction area, Colorado". U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper. Professional Paper. 451: 1–149. Bibcode:1965usgs.rept....7L. doi:10.3133/pp451. Archived from the original on June 18, 2021. Retrieved August 28, 2017.
Riggs, E.S. (1901). "The largest known dinosaur". Science. 13 (327): 549–550. Bibcode:1901Sci....13..549R. doi:10.1126/science.13.327.549-a. PMID 17801098. S2CID 34215900.
Tschopp, E.; Mateus, O.V.; Benson, R.B.J. (2015). "A specimen-level phylogenetic analysis and taxonomic revision of Diplodocidae (Dinosauria, Sauropoda)". PeerJ. 3: e857. doi:10.7717/peerj.857. PMC 4393826. PMID 25870766.
D'Emic, Michael D.; Carrano, Matthew T. (April 2020). "Redescription of Brachiosaurid Sauropod Dinosaur Material From the Upper Jurassic Morrison Formation, Colorado, USA". Anatomical Record. 303 (4): 732–758. doi:10.1002/ar.24198. ISSN 1932-8494. PMID 31254331. S2CID 195765189.
Marsh, O.C. (1891). "Restoration of Triceratops" (PDF). American Journal of Science. 41 (244): 339–342. Bibcode:1891AmJS...41..339M. doi:10.2475/ajs.s3-41.244.339. S2CID 130653625. Archived from the original (PDF) on June 24, 2021. Retrieved September 25, 2010.
D'Emic, M. D.; Carrano, M. T. (2019). "Redescription of brachiosaurid sauropod dinosaur material from the Upper Jurassic Morrison Formation, Colorado, USA". The Anatomical Record. 303 (4): 732–758. doi:10.1002/ar.24198. PMID 31254331. S2CID 195765189.
Jensen, J.A. (1985). "Three new sauropod dinosaurs from the Upper Jurassic of Colorado". The Great Basin Naturalist. 45 (4): 697–709. doi:10.5962/bhl.part.4439.
Carballido, J.L.; Marpmann, J.S.; Schwarz-Wings, D.; Pabst, B. (2012). "New information on a juvenile sauropod specimen from the Morrison Formation and the reassessment of its systematic position" (PDF). Palaeontology. 55 (2): 567–582. Bibcode:2012Palgy..55..567C. doi:10.1111/j.1475-4983.2012.01139.x. Archived (PDF) from the original on February 1, 2022. Retrieved December 5, 2019.
Maltese, Anthony; Tschopp, Emanuel; Holwerda, Femke; Burnham, David (2018). "The real Bigfoot: a pes from Wyoming, USA is the largest sauropod pes ever reported and the northernmost occurrence of brachiosaurids in the Upper Jurassic Morrison Formation". PeerJ. 6: e5250. doi:10.7717/peerj.5250. PMC 6063209. PMID 30065867.
Taylor, M.P. (2011). "Correction: A re-evaluation of Brachiosaurus altithorax Riggs 1903 (Dinosauria, Sauropoda) and its generic separation from Giraffatitan brancai (Janensch 1914)"". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 31 (3): 727. Bibcode:2011JVPal..31..727T. doi:10.1080/02724634.2011.557115. S2CID 198127824.
Chure, D.; Britt, B.; Whitlock, J. A.; Wilson, J. A. (2010). "First complete sauropod dinosaur skull from the Cretaceous of the Americas and the evolution of sauropod dentition". Naturwissenschaften. 97 (4): 379–391. Bibcode:2010NW.....97..379C. doi:10.1007/s00114-010-0650-6. PMC 2841758. PMID 20179896.
Mannion, P. D.; Upchurch, Paul; Barnes, Rosie N.; Mateus, Octávio (2013). "Osteology of the Late Jurassic Portuguese sauropod dinosaur Lusotitan atalaiensis (Macronaria) and the evolutionary history of basal titanosauriforms" (PDF). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 168: 98–206. doi:10.1111/zoj.12029. Archived (PDF) from the original on February 9, 2021. Retrieved February 25, 2018.
Antunes, M. T.; Mateus, O. (2003). "Dinosaurs of Portugal". Comptes Rendus Palevol. 2 (1): 77–95. Bibcode:2003CRPal...2...77A. doi:10.1016/S1631-0683(03)00003-4.
Seebacher, F. (March 26, 2001). "A new method to calculate allometric length-mass relationships of dinosaurs". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 21 (1): 51–60. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.462.255. doi:10.1671/0272-4634(2001)021[0051:ANMTCA]2.0.CO;2. ISSN 0272-4634. S2CID 53446536.
Campione, Nicolás E.; Evans, David C. (2020). "The accuracy and precision of body mass estimation in non-avian dinosaurs". Biological Reviews. 95 (6): 1759–1797. doi:10.1111/brv.12638. ISSN 1469-185X. PMID 32869488. S2CID 221404013.
Benson, R. B. J.; Campione, N.S.E.; Carrano, M.T.; Mannion, P. D.; Sullivan, C.; Upchurch, P.; Evans, D. C. (2014). "Rates of Dinosaur Body Mass Evolution Indicate 170 Million Years of Sustained Ecological Innovation on the Avian Stem Lineage". PLOS Biology. 12 (5): e1001853. doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1001853. PMC 4011683. PMID 24802911.
Benson, R. B. J.; Hunt, G.; Carrano, M.T.; Campione, N.; Mannion, P. (2018). "Cope's rule and the adaptive landscape of dinosaur body size evolution". Palaeontology. 61 (1): 13–48. Bibcode:2018Palgy..61...13B. doi:10.1111/pala.12329.
Paul, Gregory S. (2010). "Sauropodomorphs". The Princeton Field Guide to Dinosaurs. Princeton: Princeton University Press. pp. 162–214. doi:10.1515/9781400836154.162. ISBN 9781400836154.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: publisher location (link)
Mazzetta, G.V.; Christiansen, P.; Farina, R.A. (2004). "Giants and Bizarres: Body Size of Some Southern South American Cretaceous Dinosaurs". Historical Biology. 16 (2–4): 1–13. Bibcode:2004HBio...16...71M. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.694.1650. doi:10.1080/08912960410001715132. S2CID 56028251.
Gunga, H.-C.; Suthau, T.; Bellmann, A.; Stoinski, S.; Friedrich, A.; Trippel, T.; Kirsch, K.; Hellwich, O. (2008). "A new body mass estimation of Brachiosaurus brancai Janensch, 1914 mounted and exhibited at the Museum of Natural History (Berlin, Germany)". Fossil Record. 11 (1): 33–38. Bibcode:2008FossR..11...33G. doi:10.1002/mmng.200700011.
Wedel, M.J. (2003). "Vertebral pneumaticity, air sacs, and the physiology of sauropod dinosaurs" (PDF). Paleobiology. 29 (2): 243–255. Bibcode:2003Pbio...29..243W. doi:10.1666/0094-8373(2003)029<0243:vpasat>2.0.co;2. S2CID 46619244. Archived (PDF) from the original on May 18, 2023. Retrieved January 4, 2023.
Wedel, M.J. (2003). "The evolution of vertebral pneumaticity in sauropod dinosaurs" (PDF). Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 23 (2): 344–357. doi:10.1671/0272-4634(2003)023[0344:teovpi]2.0.co;2. S2CID 55884062. Archived (PDF) from the original on January 22, 2023. Retrieved December 29, 2022.
Taylor, M.P.; Wedel, M.J. (2013). "Why sauropods had long necks; and why giraffes have short necks". PeerJ. 1 (36): –36. arXiv:1209.5439. Bibcode:2012arXiv1209.5439T. doi:10.7717/peerj.36. PMC 3628838. PMID 23638372.
Christian, A.; Dzemski, G. (2007). "Reconstruction of the cervical skeleton posture of Brachiosaurus brancai Janensch, 1914 by an analysis of the intervertebral stress along the neck and a comparison with the results of different approaches". Fossil Record. 10 (1): 38–49. doi:10.1002/mmng.200600017.
Klein, N.; Christian, A.; Sander, P.M. (2012). "Histology shows that elongated neck ribs in sauropod dinosaurs are ossified tendons". Biology Letters. 8 (6): 1032–1035. doi:10.1098/rsbl.2012.0778. PMC 3497149. PMID 23034173.
Woodruff, D. C. (2016). "Nuchal ligament reconstructions in diplodocid sauropods support horizontal neck feeding postures". Historical Biology. 29 (3): 308–319. doi:10.1080/08912963.2016.1158257. S2CID 87437457.
Carrano, Matthew T. (2005). "The Evolution of Sauropod Locomotion". In Curry, Christina Rogers; Wilson, Jeffrey (eds.). The sauropods: evolution and paleobiology. Oakland, California: University of California Press. pp. 229–251. doi:10.1525/california/9780520246232.003.0009. ISBN 9780520246232. S2CID 38974370.
Melstrom, Keegan M.; Chiappe, Luis María; Smith, Nathan D. (November 6, 2021). "Exceptionally simple, rapidly replaced teeth in sauropod dinosaurs demonstrate a novel evolutionary strategy for herbivory in Late Jurassic ecosystems". BMC Ecology and Evolution. 21 (1): 202. doi:10.1186/s12862-021-01932-4. ISSN 2730-7182. PMC 8571970. PMID 34742237.
D'Emic, M. D. (2012). "The early evolution of titanosauriform sauropod dinosaurs" (PDF). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 166 (3): 624–671. doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.2012.00853.x. Archived from the original on August 23, 2020. Retrieved September 3, 2019.
Ksepka, D. T.; Norell, M. A. (2010). "The illusory evidence for Asian Brachiosauridae: new material of Erketu ellisoni and a phylogenetic appraisal of basal Titanosauriformes" (PDF). American Museum Novitates (3700): 1–27. doi:10.1206/3700.2. S2CID 86254470. Archived from the original (PDF) on August 19, 2018.
Henderson, D. M. (2004). "Tipsy punters: sauropod dinosaur pneumaticity, buoyancy and aquatic habits". Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B. 271 (Suppl 4): S180 – S183. doi:10.1098/rsbl.2003.0136. PMC 1810024. PMID 15252977.
Jensen, J. A. (1985). "Three new sauropod dinosaurs from the Upper Jurassic of Colorado". Great Basin Naturalist. 45 (4): 697–709. doi:10.5962/bhl.part.4439. Archived from the original on March 30, 2018. Retrieved March 29, 2018.
Scott A., Lee; Justyna, Slowiak (2025). "Sauntering Sauropods: The Preferred Walking Speeds of the Largest Land Animals That Ever Lived". AIP Publishing. 63 (1): 20–22. Bibcode:2025PhTea..63a..20L. doi:10.1119/5.0187569.
Sander, P.M.; Christian, A.; Clauss, M.; Fechner, R.; Gee, C.T.; Griebeler, E.-M.; Gunga, H.-C.; Hummel, J.; Mallison, H.; Perry, S.F.; Preuschoft, H.; Rauhut, O.W.M.; Remes, K.; Tütken, T.; Wings, O.; Witzel, U. (2010). "Biology of the sauropod dinosaurs: the evolution of gigantism". Biology Reviews. 86 (1): 117–155. doi:10.1111/j.1469-185X.2010.00137.x. PMC 3045712. PMID 21251189.
Stevens, K. A.; Parrish, M. J. (1999). "Neck posture and feeding habits of two Jurassic sauropod dinosaurs". Science. 284 (5415): 798–800. Bibcode:1999Sci...284..798S. doi:10.1126/science.284.5415.798. PMID 10221910.
Witmer, L. M. (2001). "Nostril position in dinosaurs and other vertebrates and its significance for nasal function". Science. 293 (5531): 850–853. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.629.1744. doi:10.1126/science.1062681. PMID 11486085. S2CID 7328047.
Knoll, F.; Galton, P. M.; López-Antoñanzas, R. (2006). "Paleoneurological evidence against a proboscis in the sauropod dinosaur Diplodocus". Geobios. 39 (2): 215–221. Bibcode:2006Geobi..39..215K. doi:10.1016/j.geobios.2004.11.005.
Carballido, J. L.; Marpmann, J. S.; Schwarz-Wings, D.; Pabst, B. (2012). "New information on a juvenile sauropod specimen from the Morrison Formation and the reassessment of its systematic position" (PDF). Palaeontology. 55 (3): 567–582. Bibcode:2012Palgy..55..567C. doi:10.1111/j.1475-4983.2012.01139.x. Archived (PDF) from the original on February 1, 2022. Retrieved December 5, 2019.
Engelmann, G.F.; Chure, D.J.; Fiorillo, A.R. (2004). "The implications of a dry climate for the paleoecology of the fauna of the Upper Jurassic Morrison Formation" (PDF). Sedimentary Geology. 167 (3–4): 297–308. Bibcode:2004SedG..167..297E. doi:10.1016/j.sedgeo.2004.01.008. Archived (PDF) from the original on November 22, 2023. Retrieved November 22, 2023.

fieldmuseum.org

"Expect Awe-Struck Travelers" (Press release). The Field Museum. November 26, 1999. Archived from the original on March 2, 2000. Retrieved August 27, 2009.
"Captions from Selected Historical Photographs (caption number GN89396_52c)" (PDF). The Field Museum Photo Archives. Archived from the original (PDF) on March 18, 2009. Retrieved August 27, 2009.

files.wordpress.com

sauroposeidon.files.wordpress.com

Bonnan, M.F.; Wedel, M.J. (2004). "First occurrence of Brachiosaurus (Dinosauria, Sauropoda) from the Upper Jurassic Morrison Formation of Oklahoma" (PDF). PaleoBios. 24 (2): 12–21. Archived (PDF) from the original on July 23, 2022. Retrieved April 14, 2018.

gspauldino.com

Paul, G.S. (1988). "The brachiosaur giants of the Morrison and Tendaguru with a description of a new subgenus, Giraffatitan, and a comparison of the world's largest dinosaurs" (PDF). Hunteria. 2 (3). Archived (PDF) from the original on August 19, 2018. Retrieved December 21, 2011.

harvard.edu

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Riggs, E.S. (1903). "Brachiosaurus altithorax, the largest known dinosaur". American Journal of Science. 4. 15 (88): 299–306. Bibcode:1903AmJS...15..299R. doi:10.2475/ajs.s4-15.88.299. Archived from the original on June 17, 2019. Retrieved June 17, 2019.
Taylor, M.P. (2009). "A re-evaluation of Brachiosaurus altithorax Riggs 1903 (Dinosauria, Sauropoda) and its generic separation from Giraffatitan brancai (Janensh 1914)" (PDF). Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 29 (3): 787–806. Bibcode:2009JVPal..29..787T. doi:10.1671/039.029.0309. S2CID 15220647. Archived (PDF) from the original on December 22, 2018. Retrieved October 28, 2010.
Lohman, S.W. (1965). "Geology and artesian water supply of the Grand Junction area, Colorado". U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper. Professional Paper. 451: 1–149. Bibcode:1965usgs.rept....7L. doi:10.3133/pp451. Archived from the original on June 18, 2021. Retrieved August 28, 2017.
Riggs, E.S. (1901). "The largest known dinosaur". Science. 13 (327): 549–550. Bibcode:1901Sci....13..549R. doi:10.1126/science.13.327.549-a. PMID 17801098. S2CID 34215900.
Marsh, O.C. (1891). "Restoration of Triceratops" (PDF). American Journal of Science. 41 (244): 339–342. Bibcode:1891AmJS...41..339M. doi:10.2475/ajs.s3-41.244.339. S2CID 130653625. Archived from the original (PDF) on June 24, 2021. Retrieved September 25, 2010.
Carballido, J.L.; Marpmann, J.S.; Schwarz-Wings, D.; Pabst, B. (2012). "New information on a juvenile sauropod specimen from the Morrison Formation and the reassessment of its systematic position" (PDF). Palaeontology. 55 (2): 567–582. Bibcode:2012Palgy..55..567C. doi:10.1111/j.1475-4983.2012.01139.x. Archived (PDF) from the original on February 1, 2022. Retrieved December 5, 2019.
Taylor, M.P. (2011). "Correction: A re-evaluation of Brachiosaurus altithorax Riggs 1903 (Dinosauria, Sauropoda) and its generic separation from Giraffatitan brancai (Janensch 1914)"". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 31 (3): 727. Bibcode:2011JVPal..31..727T. doi:10.1080/02724634.2011.557115. S2CID 198127824.
Chure, D.; Britt, B.; Whitlock, J. A.; Wilson, J. A. (2010). "First complete sauropod dinosaur skull from the Cretaceous of the Americas and the evolution of sauropod dentition". Naturwissenschaften. 97 (4): 379–391. Bibcode:2010NW.....97..379C. doi:10.1007/s00114-010-0650-6. PMC 2841758. PMID 20179896.
Antunes, M. T.; Mateus, O. (2003). "Dinosaurs of Portugal". Comptes Rendus Palevol. 2 (1): 77–95. Bibcode:2003CRPal...2...77A. doi:10.1016/S1631-0683(03)00003-4.
Benson, R. B. J.; Hunt, G.; Carrano, M.T.; Campione, N.; Mannion, P. (2018). "Cope's rule and the adaptive landscape of dinosaur body size evolution". Palaeontology. 61 (1): 13–48. Bibcode:2018Palgy..61...13B. doi:10.1111/pala.12329.
Mazzetta, G.V.; Christiansen, P.; Farina, R.A. (2004). "Giants and Bizarres: Body Size of Some Southern South American Cretaceous Dinosaurs". Historical Biology. 16 (2–4): 1–13. Bibcode:2004HBio...16...71M. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.694.1650. doi:10.1080/08912960410001715132. S2CID 56028251.
Gunga, H.-C.; Suthau, T.; Bellmann, A.; Stoinski, S.; Friedrich, A.; Trippel, T.; Kirsch, K.; Hellwich, O. (2008). "A new body mass estimation of Brachiosaurus brancai Janensch, 1914 mounted and exhibited at the Museum of Natural History (Berlin, Germany)". Fossil Record. 11 (1): 33–38. Bibcode:2008FossR..11...33G. doi:10.1002/mmng.200700011.
Wedel, M.J. (2003). "Vertebral pneumaticity, air sacs, and the physiology of sauropod dinosaurs" (PDF). Paleobiology. 29 (2): 243–255. Bibcode:2003Pbio...29..243W. doi:10.1666/0094-8373(2003)029<0243:vpasat>2.0.co;2. S2CID 46619244. Archived (PDF) from the original on May 18, 2023. Retrieved January 4, 2023.
Taylor, M.P.; Wedel, M.J. (2013). "Why sauropods had long necks; and why giraffes have short necks". PeerJ. 1 (36): –36. arXiv:1209.5439. Bibcode:2012arXiv1209.5439T. doi:10.7717/peerj.36. PMC 3628838. PMID 23638372.
Scott A., Lee; Justyna, Slowiak (2025). "Sauntering Sauropods: The Preferred Walking Speeds of the Largest Land Animals That Ever Lived". AIP Publishing. 63 (1): 20–22. Bibcode:2025PhTea..63a..20L. doi:10.1119/5.0187569.
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