Tyler, Stephanie J. (2004). "Family Tyrannidae (Tyrant flycatchers)". In del Hoyo, J.; Elliott, A.; Christie, D.A. (eds.). Handbook of the Birds of the World. Vol. 9: Cotingas to Pipits and Wagtails. Barcelona, Spain: Lynx Edicions. pp. 170–462 [445–446]. ISBN978-84-87334-69-6.