Bristol stool scale (English Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Bristol stool scale" in English language version.

refsWebsite

Global rank English rank

59nih.gov

4^th place

43doi.org

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22semanticscholar.org

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2handle.net

102^nd place

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1gutsense.org

low place

1ajou.ac.kr

low place

1medscape.com

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1archives-ouvertes.fr

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1umich.edu

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1books.google.com

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ajou.ac.kr

repository.ajou.ac.kr

Chung J, Lee S, Kang D, Kwon D, Kim K, Kim S, Kim H, Moon dG, Park K, Park Y, Pai K (July 2010). "An epidemiologic study of voiding and bowel habits in Korean children: a nationwide multicenter study". Urology. 76 (1): 215–9. doi:10.1016/j.urology.2009.12.022. PMID 20163840.

archives-ouvertes.fr

hal.archives-ouvertes.fr

Clemens K, Quednau I, Klaschik E (April 2011). "Bowel function during pain therapy with oxycodone/naloxone prolonged-release tablets in patients with advanced cancer" (PDF). Int J Clin Pract. 65 (4): 472–8. doi:10.1111/j.1742-1241.2011.02634.x. PMID 21401835. S2CID 34503182.

books.google.com

Leader L, Leader S, Leader G (2009). Medical Collaboration for Nutritional Therapists. Denor Press. p. 56. ISBN 9780952605652.

doi.org

Amarenco G (2014). "Bristol Stool Chart: étude prospective et monocentrique de "l'introspection fécale" chez des sujets volontaires" [Bristol Stool Chart: Prospective and monocentric study of 'stools introspection' in healthy subjects]. Progrès en Urologie (in French). 24 (11): 708–13. doi:10.1016/j.purol.2014.06.008. PMID 25214452.
Harvey S, Matthai S, King DA (27 September 2022). "How to use the Bristol Stool Chart in childhood constipation". Archives of Disease in Childhood: Education and Practice Edition. 108 (5): 335–339. doi:10.1136/archdischild-2022-324513. PMID 36167665. S2CID 252567021.
Koh H, Lee MJ, Kim MJ, Shin JI, Chung KS (February 2010). "Simple diagnostic approach to childhood fecal retention using the Leech score and Bristol stool form scale in medical practice". J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 25 (2): 334–8. doi:10.1111/j.1440-1746.2009.06015.x. PMID 19817956. S2CID 46258249.
Corsetti M, De Nardi P, Di Pietro S, Passaretti S, Testoni P, Staudacher C (December 2009). "Rectal distensibility and symptoms after stapled and Milligan-Morgan operation for hemorrhoids". J Gastrointest Surg. 13 (12): 2245–51. doi:10.1007/s11605-009-0983-7. PMID 19672663. S2CID 30157677.
Wang HJ, Liang XM, Yu ZL, Zhou LY, Lin SR, Geraint M (2004). "A Randomised, Controlled Comparison of Low-Dose Polyethylene Glycol 3350 plus Electrolytes with Ispaghula Husk in the Treatment of Adults with Chronic Functional Constipation". Clin Drug Investig. 24 (10): 569–76. doi:10.2165/00044011-200424100-00002. PMID 17523718. S2CID 29204976.
Lewis, Heaton (1997). "Stool form scale as a useful guide to intestinal transit time". Scand. J. Gastroenterol. 32 (9): 920–924. doi:10.3109/00365529709011203. PMID 9299672. S2CID 32196954.
Mínguez Pérez M, Benages Martínez A (May 2009). "The Bristol scale - a useful system to assess stool form?". Rev Esp Enferm Dig. 101 (5): 305–11. doi:10.4321/s1130-01082009000500001. PMID 19527075.
Lacy BE, Patel NK (2017). "Rome Criteria and a Diagnostic Approach to Irritable Bowel Syndrome". J Clin Med (Review). 6 (11): 99. doi:10.3390/jcm6110099. PMC 5704116. PMID 29072609.
Lewis S, Heaton K (September 1997). "Stool form scale as a useful guide to intestinal transit time". Scand J Gastroenterol. 32 (9): 920–4. doi:10.3109/00365529709011203. PMID 9299672. S2CID 32196954.
Longstreth G, Thompson W, Chey W, Houghton L, Mearin F, Spiller R (April 2006). "Functional bowel disorders". Gastroenterology. 130 (5): 1480–91. doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2005.11.061. PMID 16678561.
Yilmaz S, Dursun M, Ertem M, Canoruc F, Turhanoğlu A (March 2005). "The epidemiological aspects of irritable bowel syndrome in Southeastern Anatolia: a stratified randomised community-based study". Int J Clin Pract. 59 (3): 361–9. doi:10.1111/j.1742-1241.2004.00377.x. PMID 15857337. S2CID 25617758.
Adibi P, Behzad E, Pirzadeh S, Mohseni M (August 2007). "Bowel habit reference values and abnormalities in young Iranian healthy adults". Dig Dis Sci. 52 (8): 1810–3. doi:10.1007/s10620-006-9509-2. PMID 17410463. S2CID 23444977.
Macmillan A, Merrie A, Marshall R, Parry B (October 2008). "Design and validation of a comprehensive fecal incontinence questionnaire". Dis Colon Rectum. 51 (10): 1502–22. doi:10.1007/s10350-008-9301-9. PMID 18626716. S2CID 24237764.
Chung J, Lee S, Kang D, Kwon D, Kim K, Kim S, Kim H, Moon dG, Park K, Park Y, Pai K (July 2010). "An epidemiologic study of voiding and bowel habits in Korean children: a nationwide multicenter study". Urology. 76 (1): 215–9. doi:10.1016/j.urology.2009.12.022. PMID 20163840.
Maestre Y, Parés D, Vial M, Bohle B, Sala M, Grande L (June 2010). "Prevalence of fecal incontinence and its relationship with bowel habit in patients attended in primary care". Med Clin (Barc). 135 (2): 59–62. doi:10.1016/j.medcli.2010.01.031. PMID 20416902.
El-Gazzaz G, Zutshi M, Salcedo L, Hammel J, Rackley R, Hull T (December 2009). "Sacral neuromodulation for the treatment of fecal incontinence and urinary incontinence in female patients: long-term follow-up". Int J Colorectal Dis. 24 (12): 1377–81. doi:10.1007/s00384-009-0745-8. PMID 19488765. S2CID 23151233.
Tinmouth J, Tomlinson G, Kandel G, Walmsley S, Steinhart H, Glazier R (2007). "Evaluation of Stool frequency and stool form as measures of HIV-related diarrhea". HIV Clin Trials. 8 (6): 421–8. doi:10.1310/hct0806-421. PMID 18042507. S2CID 7464234.
Zutshi M, Tracey T, Bast J, Halverson A, Na J (June 2009). "Ten-year outcome after anal sphincter repair for fecal incontinence". Dis Colon Rectum. 52 (6): 1089–94. doi:10.1007/DCR.0b013e3181a0a79c. PMID 19581851. S2CID 31730098.
Park J, Choi M, Cho Y, Lee I, Kim J, Kim S, Chung I (July 2011). "Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders Diagnosed by Rome III Questionnaire in Korea". J Neurogastroenterol Motil. 17 (3): 279–86. doi:10.5056/jnm.2011.17.3.279. PMC 3155064. PMID 21860820.
Dong Y, Zuo X, Li C, Yu Y, Zhao Q, Li Y (September 2010). "Prevalence of irritable bowel syndrome in Chinese college and university students assessed using Rome III criteria". World J Gastroenterol. 16 (33): 4221–6. doi:10.3748/wjg.v16.i33.4221. PMC 2932929. PMID 20806442.
Sorouri M, Pourhoseingholi M, Vahedi M, Safaee A, Moghimi-Dehkordi B, Pourhoseingholi A, Habibi M, Zali M (2010). "Functional bowel disorders in Iranian population using Rome III criteria". Saudi J Gastroenterol. 16 (3): 154–60. doi:10.4103/1319-3767.65183. PMC 3003223. PMID 20616409.
Engsbro A, Simren M, Bytzer P (February 2012). "Short-term stability of subtypes in the irritable bowel syndrome: prospective evaluation using the Rome III classification". Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 35 (3): 350–9. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2036.2011.04948.x. PMID 22176384. S2CID 205247214.
Ersryd A, Posserud I, Abrahamsson H, Simrén M (2 July 2007). "Subtyping the irritable bowel syndrome by predominant bowel habit: Rome II versus Rome III". Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics. 26 (6): 953–961. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2036.2007.03422.x. PMID 17767480.
Choung R, Locke G, Zinsmeister A, Schleck C, Talley N (October 2007). "Epidemiology of slow and fast colonic transit using a scale of stool form in a community". Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 26 (7): 1043–50. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2036.2007.03456.x. PMID 17877511. S2CID 46578969.
Remes-Troche J, Ozturk R, Philips C, Stessman M, Rao S (February 2008). "Cholestyramine--a useful adjunct for the treatment of patients with fecal incontinence". Int J Colorectal Dis. 23 (2): 189–94. doi:10.1007/s00384-007-0391-y. PMID 17938939. S2CID 23544857.
Wang H, Liang X, Yu Z, Zhou L, Lin S, Geraint M (2004). "A Randomised, Controlled Comparison of Low-Dose Polyethylene Glycol 3350 plus Electrolytes with Ispaghula Husk in the Treatment of Adults with Chronic Functional Constipation". Clin Drug Investig. 24 (10): 569–76. doi:10.2165/00044011-200424100-00002. PMID 17523718. S2CID 29204976.
Sakai T, Makino H, Ishikawa E, Oishi K, Kushiro A (June 2011). "Fermented milk containing Lactobacillus casei strain Shirota reduces incidence of hard or lumpy stools in healthy population". Int J Food Sci Nutr. 62 (4): 423–30. doi:10.3109/09637486.2010.542408. PMID 21322768. S2CID 35206888.
Riezzo G, Orlando A, D'Attoma B, Guerra V, Valerio F, Lavermicocca P, De Candia S (February 2012). "Randomised clinical trial: efficacy of Lactobacillus paracasei-enriched artichokes in the treatment of patients with functional constipation - a double-blind, controlled, crossover study". Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 35 (4): 441–50. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2036.2011.04970.x. PMID 22225544. S2CID 26673737.
Park J, Sul J, Kang K, Shin B, Hong K, Choi S (2011). "The effectiveness of moxibustion for the treatment of functional constipation: a randomized, sham-controlled, patient blinded, pilot clinical trial". BMC Complement Altern Med. 11: 124. doi:10.1186/1472-6882-11-124. PMC 3248868. PMID 22132755.
Fosnes G, Lydersen S, Farup P (2011). "Effectiveness of laxatives in elderly--a cross sectional study in nursing homes". BMC Geriatr. 11: 76. doi:10.1186/1471-2318-11-76. PMC 3226585. PMID 22093137.
Munshi R, Bhalerao S, Rathi P, Kuber V, Nipanikar S, Kadbhane K (July 2011). "An open-label, prospective clinical study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of TLPL/AY/01/2008 in the management of functional constipation". J Ayurveda Integr Med. 2 (3): 144–52. doi:10.4103/0975-9476.85554. PMC 3193686. PMID 22022157.
Pucciani F, Raggioli M, Ringressi M (December 2011). "Usefulness of psyllium in rehabilitation of obstructed defecation". Tech Coloproctol. 15 (4): 377–83. doi:10.1007/s10151-011-0722-4. hdl:2158/596461. PMID 21779973. S2CID 7425517.
Bafutto M, Almeida J, Leite N, Oliveira E, Gabriel-Neto S, Rezende-Filho J (2011). "Treatment of postinfectious irritable bowel syndrome and noninfective irritable bowel syndrome with mesalazine". Arq Gastroenterol. 48 (1): 36–40. doi:10.1590/s0004-28032011000100008. PMID 21537540.
Michna E, Blonsky E, Schulman S, Tzanis E, Manley A, Zhang H, Iyer S, Randazzo B (May 2011). "Subcutaneous methylnaltrexone for treatment of opioid-induced constipation in patients with chronic, nonmalignant pain: a randomized controlled study". J Pain. 12 (5): 554–62. doi:10.1016/j.jpain.2010.11.008. PMID 21429809.
Clemens K, Quednau I, Klaschik E (April 2011). "Bowel function during pain therapy with oxycodone/naloxone prolonged-release tablets in patients with advanced cancer" (PDF). Int J Clin Pract. 65 (4): 472–8. doi:10.1111/j.1742-1241.2011.02634.x. PMID 21401835. S2CID 34503182.
Strid H, Simrén M, Störsrud S, Stotzer P, Sadik R (June 2011). "Effect of heavy exercise on gastrointestinal transit in endurance athletes". Scand J Gastroenterol. 46 (6): 673–7. doi:10.3109/00365521.2011.558110. PMID 21366388. S2CID 5466967.
Heaton K, Radvan J, Cripps H, Mountford R, Braddon F, Hughes A (June 1992). "Defecation frequency and timing, and stool form in the general population: a prospective study". Gut. 33 (6): 818–24. doi:10.1136/gut.33.6.818. PMC 1379343. PMID 1624166.
Rao SS, Camilleri M, Hasler WL, Maurer AH, Parkman HP, Saad R, Scott MS, Simren M, Soffer E, Szarka L (2011). "Evaluation of gastrointestinal transit in clinical practice: position paper of the American and European Neurogastroenterology and Motility Societies" (PDF). Neurogastroenterol. Motil. 23 (1): 8–23. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2982.2010.01612.x. hdl:2027.42/79321. PMID 21138500. S2CID 10026766.
Parés D, Comas M, Dorcaratto D, Araujo M, Vial M, Bohle B, Pera M, Grande L (May 2009). "Adaptation and validation of the Bristol scale stool form translated into the Spanish language among health professionals and patients". Rev Esp Enferm Dig. 101 (5): 312–6. doi:10.4321/s1130-01082009000500002. PMID 19527076.
Martinez AP, de Azevedo G (2012). "The Bristol Stool Form Scale: its translation to Portuguese, cultural adaptation and validation". Rev Lat Am Enfermagem. 20 (3): 583–589. doi:10.1590/S0104-11692012000300021. PMID 22991122.
Wojtyniak K, Szajewska H, Dziechciarz P (2018). "Translation to Polish, cross-cultural adaptation, and validation of the Bristol Stool Form Scale among healthcare professionals and patients". Prz Gastroenterol. 13 (1): 35–39. doi:10.5114/pg.2017.70610. PMC 5894444. PMID 29657609. Fig. 1: Polish BSFS (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0)
Chumpitazi B, Lane M, Czyzewski D, Weidler E, Swank P, Shulman R (October 2010). "Creation and initial evaluation of a stool form scale for children". J Pediatr. 157 (4): 594–7. doi:10.1016/j.jpeds.2010.04.040. PMC 2937014. PMID 20826285.
Lane M, Czyzewski D, Chumpitazi B, Shulman R (September 2011). "Reliability and validity of a modified Bristol Stool Form Scale for children". J Pediatr. 159 (3): 437–441.e1. doi:10.1016/j.jpeds.2011.03.002. PMC 3741451. PMID 21489557.

gutsense.org

Gut Sense What Exactly Are Normal Stools?, Konstantin Monastyrsky. Accessed July 2015

handle.net

hdl.handle.net

Pucciani F, Raggioli M, Ringressi M (December 2011). "Usefulness of psyllium in rehabilitation of obstructed defecation". Tech Coloproctol. 15 (4): 377–83. doi:10.1007/s10151-011-0722-4. hdl:2158/596461. PMID 21779973. S2CID 7425517.
Rao SS, Camilleri M, Hasler WL, Maurer AH, Parkman HP, Saad R, Scott MS, Simren M, Soffer E, Szarka L (2011). "Evaluation of gastrointestinal transit in clinical practice: position paper of the American and European Neurogastroenterology and Motility Societies" (PDF). Neurogastroenterol. Motil. 23 (1): 8–23. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2982.2010.01612.x. hdl:2027.42/79321. PMID 21138500. S2CID 10026766.

medscape.com

Ersryd A, Posserud I, Abrahamsson H, Simrén M (2 July 2007). "Subtyping the irritable bowel syndrome by predominant bowel habit: Rome II versus Rome III". Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics. 26 (6): 953–961. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2036.2007.03422.x. PMID 17767480.

nih.gov

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Amarenco G (2014). "Bristol Stool Chart: étude prospective et monocentrique de "l'introspection fécale" chez des sujets volontaires" [Bristol Stool Chart: Prospective and monocentric study of 'stools introspection' in healthy subjects]. Progrès en Urologie (in French). 24 (11): 708–13. doi:10.1016/j.purol.2014.06.008. PMID 25214452.
Harvey S, Matthai S, King DA (27 September 2022). "How to use the Bristol Stool Chart in childhood constipation". Archives of Disease in Childhood: Education and Practice Edition. 108 (5): 335–339. doi:10.1136/archdischild-2022-324513. PMID 36167665. S2CID 252567021.
Koh H, Lee MJ, Kim MJ, Shin JI, Chung KS (February 2010). "Simple diagnostic approach to childhood fecal retention using the Leech score and Bristol stool form scale in medical practice". J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 25 (2): 334–8. doi:10.1111/j.1440-1746.2009.06015.x. PMID 19817956. S2CID 46258249.
Corsetti M, De Nardi P, Di Pietro S, Passaretti S, Testoni P, Staudacher C (December 2009). "Rectal distensibility and symptoms after stapled and Milligan-Morgan operation for hemorrhoids". J Gastrointest Surg. 13 (12): 2245–51. doi:10.1007/s11605-009-0983-7. PMID 19672663. S2CID 30157677.
Wang HJ, Liang XM, Yu ZL, Zhou LY, Lin SR, Geraint M (2004). "A Randomised, Controlled Comparison of Low-Dose Polyethylene Glycol 3350 plus Electrolytes with Ispaghula Husk in the Treatment of Adults with Chronic Functional Constipation". Clin Drug Investig. 24 (10): 569–76. doi:10.2165/00044011-200424100-00002. PMID 17523718. S2CID 29204976.
Lewis, Heaton (1997). "Stool form scale as a useful guide to intestinal transit time". Scand. J. Gastroenterol. 32 (9): 920–924. doi:10.3109/00365529709011203. PMID 9299672. S2CID 32196954.
National Collaborating Centre for Nursing and Supportive Care (February 2008). Irritable Bowel Syndrome in Adults: Diagnosis and Management of Irritable Bowel Syndrome in Primary Care (Report). NICE Clinical Guidelines. PMID 21656972. No. 61. Retrieved 17 November 2015.
Mínguez Pérez M, Benages Martínez A (May 2009). "The Bristol scale - a useful system to assess stool form?". Rev Esp Enferm Dig. 101 (5): 305–11. doi:10.4321/s1130-01082009000500001. PMID 19527075.
Lacy BE, Patel NK (2017). "Rome Criteria and a Diagnostic Approach to Irritable Bowel Syndrome". J Clin Med (Review). 6 (11): 99. doi:10.3390/jcm6110099. PMC 5704116. PMID 29072609.
Lewis S, Heaton K (September 1997). "Stool form scale as a useful guide to intestinal transit time". Scand J Gastroenterol. 32 (9): 920–4. doi:10.3109/00365529709011203. PMID 9299672. S2CID 32196954.
Longstreth G, Thompson W, Chey W, Houghton L, Mearin F, Spiller R (April 2006). "Functional bowel disorders". Gastroenterology. 130 (5): 1480–91. doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2005.11.061. PMID 16678561.
Yilmaz S, Dursun M, Ertem M, Canoruc F, Turhanoğlu A (March 2005). "The epidemiological aspects of irritable bowel syndrome in Southeastern Anatolia: a stratified randomised community-based study". Int J Clin Pract. 59 (3): 361–9. doi:10.1111/j.1742-1241.2004.00377.x. PMID 15857337. S2CID 25617758.
Adibi P, Behzad E, Pirzadeh S, Mohseni M (August 2007). "Bowel habit reference values and abnormalities in young Iranian healthy adults". Dig Dis Sci. 52 (8): 1810–3. doi:10.1007/s10620-006-9509-2. PMID 17410463. S2CID 23444977.
Macmillan A, Merrie A, Marshall R, Parry B (October 2008). "Design and validation of a comprehensive fecal incontinence questionnaire". Dis Colon Rectum. 51 (10): 1502–22. doi:10.1007/s10350-008-9301-9. PMID 18626716. S2CID 24237764.
Chung J, Lee S, Kang D, Kwon D, Kim K, Kim S, Kim H, Moon dG, Park K, Park Y, Pai K (July 2010). "An epidemiologic study of voiding and bowel habits in Korean children: a nationwide multicenter study". Urology. 76 (1): 215–9. doi:10.1016/j.urology.2009.12.022. PMID 20163840.
Maestre Y, Parés D, Vial M, Bohle B, Sala M, Grande L (June 2010). "Prevalence of fecal incontinence and its relationship with bowel habit in patients attended in primary care". Med Clin (Barc). 135 (2): 59–62. doi:10.1016/j.medcli.2010.01.031. PMID 20416902.
El-Gazzaz G, Zutshi M, Salcedo L, Hammel J, Rackley R, Hull T (December 2009). "Sacral neuromodulation for the treatment of fecal incontinence and urinary incontinence in female patients: long-term follow-up". Int J Colorectal Dis. 24 (12): 1377–81. doi:10.1007/s00384-009-0745-8. PMID 19488765. S2CID 23151233.
Tinmouth J, Tomlinson G, Kandel G, Walmsley S, Steinhart H, Glazier R (2007). "Evaluation of Stool frequency and stool form as measures of HIV-related diarrhea". HIV Clin Trials. 8 (6): 421–8. doi:10.1310/hct0806-421. PMID 18042507. S2CID 7464234.
Zutshi M, Tracey T, Bast J, Halverson A, Na J (June 2009). "Ten-year outcome after anal sphincter repair for fecal incontinence". Dis Colon Rectum. 52 (6): 1089–94. doi:10.1007/DCR.0b013e3181a0a79c. PMID 19581851. S2CID 31730098.
Park J, Choi M, Cho Y, Lee I, Kim J, Kim S, Chung I (July 2011). "Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders Diagnosed by Rome III Questionnaire in Korea". J Neurogastroenterol Motil. 17 (3): 279–86. doi:10.5056/jnm.2011.17.3.279. PMC 3155064. PMID 21860820.
Dong Y, Zuo X, Li C, Yu Y, Zhao Q, Li Y (September 2010). "Prevalence of irritable bowel syndrome in Chinese college and university students assessed using Rome III criteria". World J Gastroenterol. 16 (33): 4221–6. doi:10.3748/wjg.v16.i33.4221. PMC 2932929. PMID 20806442.
Sorouri M, Pourhoseingholi M, Vahedi M, Safaee A, Moghimi-Dehkordi B, Pourhoseingholi A, Habibi M, Zali M (2010). "Functional bowel disorders in Iranian population using Rome III criteria". Saudi J Gastroenterol. 16 (3): 154–60. doi:10.4103/1319-3767.65183. PMC 3003223. PMID 20616409.
Miwa H (2008). "Prevalence of irritable bowel syndrome in Japan: Internet survey using Rome III criteria". Patient Prefer Adherence. 2: 143–7. PMC 2770425. PMID 19920955.
Engsbro A, Simren M, Bytzer P (February 2012). "Short-term stability of subtypes in the irritable bowel syndrome: prospective evaluation using the Rome III classification". Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 35 (3): 350–9. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2036.2011.04948.x. PMID 22176384. S2CID 205247214.
Ersryd A, Posserud I, Abrahamsson H, Simrén M (2 July 2007). "Subtyping the irritable bowel syndrome by predominant bowel habit: Rome II versus Rome III". Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics. 26 (6): 953–961. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2036.2007.03422.x. PMID 17767480.
Choung R, Locke G, Zinsmeister A, Schleck C, Talley N (October 2007). "Epidemiology of slow and fast colonic transit using a scale of stool form in a community". Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 26 (7): 1043–50. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2036.2007.03456.x. PMID 17877511. S2CID 46578969.
Remes-Troche J, Ozturk R, Philips C, Stessman M, Rao S (February 2008). "Cholestyramine--a useful adjunct for the treatment of patients with fecal incontinence". Int J Colorectal Dis. 23 (2): 189–94. doi:10.1007/s00384-007-0391-y. PMID 17938939. S2CID 23544857.
Wang H, Liang X, Yu Z, Zhou L, Lin S, Geraint M (2004). "A Randomised, Controlled Comparison of Low-Dose Polyethylene Glycol 3350 plus Electrolytes with Ispaghula Husk in the Treatment of Adults with Chronic Functional Constipation". Clin Drug Investig. 24 (10): 569–76. doi:10.2165/00044011-200424100-00002. PMID 17523718. S2CID 29204976.
Sakai T, Makino H, Ishikawa E, Oishi K, Kushiro A (June 2011). "Fermented milk containing Lactobacillus casei strain Shirota reduces incidence of hard or lumpy stools in healthy population". Int J Food Sci Nutr. 62 (4): 423–30. doi:10.3109/09637486.2010.542408. PMID 21322768. S2CID 35206888.
Riezzo G, Orlando A, D'Attoma B, Guerra V, Valerio F, Lavermicocca P, De Candia S (February 2012). "Randomised clinical trial: efficacy of Lactobacillus paracasei-enriched artichokes in the treatment of patients with functional constipation - a double-blind, controlled, crossover study". Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 35 (4): 441–50. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2036.2011.04970.x. PMID 22225544. S2CID 26673737.
Park J, Sul J, Kang K, Shin B, Hong K, Choi S (2011). "The effectiveness of moxibustion for the treatment of functional constipation: a randomized, sham-controlled, patient blinded, pilot clinical trial". BMC Complement Altern Med. 11: 124. doi:10.1186/1472-6882-11-124. PMC 3248868. PMID 22132755.
Fosnes G, Lydersen S, Farup P (2011). "Effectiveness of laxatives in elderly--a cross sectional study in nursing homes". BMC Geriatr. 11: 76. doi:10.1186/1471-2318-11-76. PMC 3226585. PMID 22093137.
Munshi R, Bhalerao S, Rathi P, Kuber V, Nipanikar S, Kadbhane K (July 2011). "An open-label, prospective clinical study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of TLPL/AY/01/2008 in the management of functional constipation". J Ayurveda Integr Med. 2 (3): 144–52. doi:10.4103/0975-9476.85554. PMC 3193686. PMID 22022157.
Pucciani F, Raggioli M, Ringressi M (December 2011). "Usefulness of psyllium in rehabilitation of obstructed defecation". Tech Coloproctol. 15 (4): 377–83. doi:10.1007/s10151-011-0722-4. hdl:2158/596461. PMID 21779973. S2CID 7425517.
Bafutto M, Almeida J, Leite N, Oliveira E, Gabriel-Neto S, Rezende-Filho J (2011). "Treatment of postinfectious irritable bowel syndrome and noninfective irritable bowel syndrome with mesalazine". Arq Gastroenterol. 48 (1): 36–40. doi:10.1590/s0004-28032011000100008. PMID 21537540.
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umich.edu

deepblue.lib.umich.edu

Rao SS, Camilleri M, Hasler WL, Maurer AH, Parkman HP, Saad R, Scott MS, Simren M, Soffer E, Szarka L (2011). "Evaluation of gastrointestinal transit in clinical practice: position paper of the American and European Neurogastroenterology and Motility Societies" (PDF). Neurogastroenterol. Motil. 23 (1): 8–23. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2982.2010.01612.x. hdl:2027.42/79321. PMID 21138500. S2CID 10026766.