Bristol stool scale (English Wikipedia)

Harvey S, Matthai S, King DA (27 September 2022). "How to use the Bristol Stool Chart in childhood constipation". Archives of Disease in Childhood: Education and Practice Edition. 108 (5): 335–339. doi:10.1136/archdischild-2022-324513. PMID 36167665. S2CID 252567021.
Koh H, Lee MJ, Kim MJ, Shin JI, Chung KS (February 2010). "Simple diagnostic approach to childhood fecal retention using the Leech score and Bristol stool form scale in medical practice". J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 25 (2): 334–8. doi:10.1111/j.1440-1746.2009.06015.x. PMID 19817956. S2CID 46258249.
Corsetti M, De Nardi P, Di Pietro S, Passaretti S, Testoni P, Staudacher C (December 2009). "Rectal distensibility and symptoms after stapled and Milligan-Morgan operation for hemorrhoids". J Gastrointest Surg. 13 (12): 2245–51. doi:10.1007/s11605-009-0983-7. PMID 19672663. S2CID 30157677.
Wang HJ, Liang XM, Yu ZL, Zhou LY, Lin SR, Geraint M (2004). "A Randomised, Controlled Comparison of Low-Dose Polyethylene Glycol 3350 plus Electrolytes with Ispaghula Husk in the Treatment of Adults with Chronic Functional Constipation". Clin Drug Investig. 24 (10): 569–76. doi:10.2165/00044011-200424100-00002. PMID 17523718. S2CID 29204976.
Lewis, Heaton (1997). "Stool form scale as a useful guide to intestinal transit time". Scand. J. Gastroenterol. 32 (9): 920–924. doi:10.3109/00365529709011203. PMID 9299672. S2CID 32196954.
Lewis S, Heaton K (September 1997). "Stool form scale as a useful guide to intestinal transit time". Scand J Gastroenterol. 32 (9): 920–4. doi:10.3109/00365529709011203. PMID 9299672. S2CID 32196954.
Yilmaz S, Dursun M, Ertem M, Canoruc F, Turhanoğlu A (March 2005). "The epidemiological aspects of irritable bowel syndrome in Southeastern Anatolia: a stratified randomised community-based study". Int J Clin Pract. 59 (3): 361–9. doi:10.1111/j.1742-1241.2004.00377.x. PMID 15857337. S2CID 25617758.
Adibi P, Behzad E, Pirzadeh S, Mohseni M (August 2007). "Bowel habit reference values and abnormalities in young Iranian healthy adults". Dig Dis Sci. 52 (8): 1810–3. doi:10.1007/s10620-006-9509-2. PMID 17410463. S2CID 23444977.
Macmillan A, Merrie A, Marshall R, Parry B (October 2008). "Design and validation of a comprehensive fecal incontinence questionnaire". Dis Colon Rectum. 51 (10): 1502–22. doi:10.1007/s10350-008-9301-9. PMID 18626716. S2CID 24237764.
El-Gazzaz G, Zutshi M, Salcedo L, Hammel J, Rackley R, Hull T (December 2009). "Sacral neuromodulation for the treatment of fecal incontinence and urinary incontinence in female patients: long-term follow-up". Int J Colorectal Dis. 24 (12): 1377–81. doi:10.1007/s00384-009-0745-8. PMID 19488765. S2CID 23151233.
Tinmouth J, Tomlinson G, Kandel G, Walmsley S, Steinhart H, Glazier R (2007). "Evaluation of Stool frequency and stool form as measures of HIV-related diarrhea". HIV Clin Trials. 8 (6): 421–8. doi:10.1310/hct0806-421. PMID 18042507. S2CID 7464234.
Zutshi M, Tracey T, Bast J, Halverson A, Na J (June 2009). "Ten-year outcome after anal sphincter repair for fecal incontinence". Dis Colon Rectum. 52 (6): 1089–94. doi:10.1007/DCR.0b013e3181a0a79c. PMID 19581851. S2CID 31730098.
Engsbro A, Simren M, Bytzer P (February 2012). "Short-term stability of subtypes in the irritable bowel syndrome: prospective evaluation using the Rome III classification". Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 35 (3): 350–9. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2036.2011.04948.x. PMID 22176384. S2CID 205247214.
Choung R, Locke G, Zinsmeister A, Schleck C, Talley N (October 2007). "Epidemiology of slow and fast colonic transit using a scale of stool form in a community". Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 26 (7): 1043–50. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2036.2007.03456.x. PMID 17877511. S2CID 46578969.
Remes-Troche J, Ozturk R, Philips C, Stessman M, Rao S (February 2008). "Cholestyramine--a useful adjunct for the treatment of patients with fecal incontinence". Int J Colorectal Dis. 23 (2): 189–94. doi:10.1007/s00384-007-0391-y. PMID 17938939. S2CID 23544857.
Wang H, Liang X, Yu Z, Zhou L, Lin S, Geraint M (2004). "A Randomised, Controlled Comparison of Low-Dose Polyethylene Glycol 3350 plus Electrolytes with Ispaghula Husk in the Treatment of Adults with Chronic Functional Constipation". Clin Drug Investig. 24 (10): 569–76. doi:10.2165/00044011-200424100-00002. PMID 17523718. S2CID 29204976.
Sakai T, Makino H, Ishikawa E, Oishi K, Kushiro A (June 2011). "Fermented milk containing Lactobacillus casei strain Shirota reduces incidence of hard or lumpy stools in healthy population". Int J Food Sci Nutr. 62 (4): 423–30. doi:10.3109/09637486.2010.542408. PMID 21322768. S2CID 35206888.
Riezzo G, Orlando A, D'Attoma B, Guerra V, Valerio F, Lavermicocca P, De Candia S (February 2012). "Randomised clinical trial: efficacy of Lactobacillus paracasei-enriched artichokes in the treatment of patients with functional constipation - a double-blind, controlled, crossover study". Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 35 (4): 441–50. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2036.2011.04970.x. PMID 22225544. S2CID 26673737.
Pucciani F, Raggioli M, Ringressi M (December 2011). "Usefulness of psyllium in rehabilitation of obstructed defecation". Tech Coloproctol. 15 (4): 377–83. doi:10.1007/s10151-011-0722-4. hdl:2158/596461. PMID 21779973. S2CID 7425517.
Clemens K, Quednau I, Klaschik E (April 2011). "Bowel function during pain therapy with oxycodone/naloxone prolonged-release tablets in patients with advanced cancer" (PDF). Int J Clin Pract. 65 (4): 472–8. doi:10.1111/j.1742-1241.2011.02634.x. PMID 21401835. S2CID 34503182.
Strid H, Simrén M, Störsrud S, Stotzer P, Sadik R (June 2011). "Effect of heavy exercise on gastrointestinal transit in endurance athletes". Scand J Gastroenterol. 46 (6): 673–7. doi:10.3109/00365521.2011.558110. PMID 21366388. S2CID 5466967.
Rao SS, Camilleri M, Hasler WL, Maurer AH, Parkman HP, Saad R, Scott MS, Simren M, Soffer E, Szarka L (2011). "Evaluation of gastrointestinal transit in clinical practice: position paper of the American and European Neurogastroenterology and Motility Societies" (PDF). Neurogastroenterol. Motil. 23 (1): 8–23. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2982.2010.01612.x. hdl:2027.42/79321. PMID 21138500. S2CID 10026766.

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Rao SS, Camilleri M, Hasler WL, Maurer AH, Parkman HP, Saad R, Scott MS, Simren M, Soffer E, Szarka L (2011). "Evaluation of gastrointestinal transit in clinical practice: position paper of the American and European Neurogastroenterology and Motility Societies" (PDF). Neurogastroenterol. Motil. 23 (1): 8–23. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2982.2010.01612.x. hdl:2027.42/79321. PMID 21138500. S2CID 10026766.

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National Collaborating Centre for Nursing and Supportive Care (February 2008). Irritable Bowel Syndrome in Adults: Diagnosis and Management of Irritable Bowel Syndrome in Primary Care (Report). NICE Clinical Guidelines. PMID 21656972. No. 61. Archived from the original on 18 October 2012. Retrieved 17 November 2015.

Bristol stool scale (English Wikipedia)

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